Method and device for generating advantage seismic data volume for abnormal structure
By performing anisotropy analysis and common azimuth overlay on the five-dimensional gathers of the anomalous structure region, and combining the optimal offset distance, an advantageous data volume is generated, which solves the problem of insufficient accuracy in the interpretation of anomalous structures in the existing technology and achieves more refined anomalous structure identification.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311215089.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-04
- Estimated Expiration
- 2043-09-20
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies in coalfield seismic exploration fail to effectively integrate azimuth and offset, resulting in insufficient accuracy in interpreting anomalous structures.
By performing anisotropy analysis on five-dimensional gathers within the anomalous structural region, the azimuth range with weak amplitude energy and large time difference is identified. Combined with co-azimuth superposition and optimal offset, a dominant data volume is generated for a detailed interpretation of the anomalous structure.
It improves the interpretation accuracy of anomalous structures, makes the characterization of anomalous structures more refined, clarifies the dominant orientation and optimal offset of structural development, and enhances the processing effect of seismic data.
Smart Images
Figure CN117471541B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of network transmission, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for generating advantageous seismic data volumes for anomalous structures. Background Technology
[0002] Seismic exploration in coalfields has now evolved to the point where, in addition to determining the occurrence of coal seams, it also aims to identify and interpret as many anomalies as possible that may be encountered during coal mining. The target objects for anomaly detection are smaller, requiring higher detection accuracy. In recent years, seismic exploration in coalfields has progressed from conventional exploration to high-density seismic exploration with high-density excitation, large-volume reception, wide azimuth and even omnidirectional seismic coverage, and high-coverage frequency. Based on this, the Offset Vector Transform (OVT) domain processing and interpretation technology has also entered the application stage. This technology can fully utilize the information carried by high-density, wide-azimuth seismic data, improve processing effects, and increase processing and interpretation accuracy, thereby further enhancing the accuracy of coalfield anomaly detection.
[0003] However, in current coalfield OVT interpretation technology, the conventional approach is to simply divide the omnidirectional spiral gather into multiple azimuth gathers on an average basis, such as the commonly used 4 or 6 azimuths, to generate multiple sub-azimuth data volumes, or to extract several offset gathers based on experience to generate different offset data volumes, and then perform anomaly construction interpretation on these data volumes. In the above processing and interpretation, the azimuth and offset are not taken into account in a comprehensive manner, resulting in insufficient interpretation accuracy. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To overcome at least one deficiency in the prior art, this application provides a method and apparatus for generating advantageous seismic data volumes for anomalous structures.
[0005] Firstly, a superior seismic data volume generation method for anomalous structures is provided, including:
[0006] Anisotropy analysis was performed on the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within the anomalous tectonic region to obtain amplitude slices and time difference slices of the CMP surface elements; the azimuth ranges with weak amplitude energy on the amplitude slices and the azimuth ranges with large time differences on the time difference slices were determined; the overlapping azimuth ranges of the azimuth ranges with weak amplitude energy and the azimuth ranges with large time differences were taken as the dominant azimuths for tectonic development.
[0007] The traces with the same azimuth angle in the five-dimensional traces of CMP surface elements in the anomalous structure region are superimposed and sorted in descending order of azimuth angle to obtain the omnidirectional traces with the same shot-receiver distance; the azimuth range corresponding to the weakest amplitude trace or the azimuth range corresponding to the maximum reflection time trace in the omnidirectional trace is taken as the dominant azimuth on the trace.
[0008] On the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within the anomalous structural region, the orientation of anomalous structural development is predicted based on gathers with different offsets, and the predicted orientation of structural development under different offsets is obtained; when the predicted orientation of structural development is consistent with the dominant orientation of structural development, the offset corresponding to the predicted orientation of structural development is the optimal offset.
[0009] For the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements in the abnormal construction region, the traces corresponding to the dominant orientation are extracted from the gathers; the traces corresponding to the optimal offset are extracted again from the traces corresponding to the dominant orientation in the extracted gathers; the traces corresponding to the optimal offset are superimposed to obtain the dominant data volume.
[0010] In one embodiment, anisotropy analysis is performed on the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within the anomalous construction region, based on five-dimensional interpretation software.
[0011] In one embodiment, the development orientation of anomalous structures is predicted based on gathers with different offsets, using five-dimensional interpretation software.
[0012] In one embodiment, different offset distances include 400 meters, 600 meters, 800 meters, and 1000 meters.
[0013] Secondly, a superior seismic data volume generation device for anomalous structures is provided, comprising:
[0014] The module for determining the dominant orientation of structural development is used to perform anisotropy analysis on the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within an anomalous structural region, obtaining amplitude slices and time difference slices of the CMP surface elements; determining the azimuth range with weak amplitude energy on the amplitude slices and the azimuth range with large time difference on the time difference slices; and taking the overlapping azimuth range of the azimuth range with weak amplitude energy and the azimuth range with large time difference as the dominant orientation of structural development.
[0015] The dominant azimuth determination module on the gather is used to superimpose the gathers with the same azimuth angle in the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements in the anomalous structure region, and sort them in descending order of azimuth angle to obtain the omnidirectional gathers of the gathers with the same shot-receiver distance; the azimuth range corresponding to the weakest amplitude gather or the azimuth range corresponding to the maximum reflection time gather is taken as the dominant azimuth on the gather.
[0016] The optimal offset determination module is used to predict the orientation of anomalous structural development on the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within the anomalous structural region based on gathers with different offsets, and obtain the predicted structural development orientation under different offsets; when the predicted structural development orientation is consistent with the dominant structural development orientation, the offset corresponding to the predicted structural development orientation is the optimal offset.
[0017] The dominant data volume determination module is used to extract the traces corresponding to the dominant orientation from the five-dimensional traces of CMP surface elements in the abnormal construction region; extract the traces corresponding to the optimal offset from the traces corresponding to the dominant orientation in the extracted traces; and superimpose the traces corresponding to the optimal offset to obtain the dominant data volume.
[0018] In one embodiment, anisotropy analysis is performed on the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within the anomalous construction region, based on five-dimensional interpretation software.
[0019] In one embodiment, the development orientation of anomalous structures is predicted based on gathers with different offsets, using five-dimensional interpretation software.
[0020] In one embodiment, different offset distances include 400 meters, 600 meters, 800 meters, and 1000 meters.
[0021] Thirdly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned method for generating advantageous seismic data volumes for anomalous structures.
[0022] Fourthly, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned method for generating advantageous seismic data volumes for anomalous structures.
[0023] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages: This application takes anomalous structures as its starting point, and identifies the dominant azimuth and effective offset of the five-dimensional gathers and their common azimuth stacked data volumes corresponding to CMP surface elements in the structural anomalies. By using reasonable azimuth and offset to stack the dominant gathers, a dominant data volume is generated, and a detailed interpretation of the anomalous structures is performed on this basis. This application makes up for the problem of insufficient identification of anomalous structures by seismic data divided by all directions and azimuth rules in OVT technology, so that the characterization of anomalous structures is more refined. Attached Figure Description
[0024] This application can be better understood by referring to the description given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which, together with the detailed description below, are incorporated in and form part of this specification. In the drawings:
[0025] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for generating advantageous seismic data volumes for anomalous structures according to an embodiment of this application is shown.
[0026] Figure 2 A structural block diagram of an advantageous seismic data volume generation apparatus for anomalous structures according to an embodiment of this application is shown;
[0027] Figure 3 An amplitude slice of the CMP point in the structural anomaly region is shown;
[0028] Figure 4 This shows a time difference slice of the CMP point in the anomaly region;
[0029] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an all-round collection is shown, where (a) is an all-round collection without any abnormal structures, and (b) is an all-round collection with abnormal structures.
[0030] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of offset distance testing on a spiral gather under the constraint of a dominant orientation is shown, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of an offset distance test of 400 meters, (b) is a schematic diagram of an offset distance test of 600 meters, (c) is a schematic diagram of an offset distance test of 800 meters, and (d) is a schematic diagram of an offset distance test of 1000 meters.
[0031] Figure 7 The diagram shows a comparison between the dominant azimuth overlay profile and the conventional overlay profile. (a) is an overlay profile of the full-angle, full-offset gather, (b) is an azimuth overlay profile of 800 meters offset from the azimuth angle, with a range of (337.5°~22.5°, 157.5°~202.5°) according to the conventional azimuth method, and (c) is an overlay profile of the dominant gather. Detailed Implementation
[0032] Exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. For clarity and brevity, not all features of the actual embodiments are described in the specification. However, it should be understood that many embodiment-specific decisions can be made in the development of any such actual embodiment to achieve the developer’s specific objectives, and these decisions may vary as the embodiments differ.
[0033] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring this application with unnecessary details, only the device structure closely related to the solution according to this application is shown in the accompanying drawings, while other details that are not closely related to this application are omitted.
[0034] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the described embodiments by virtue of the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this document, embodiments may be combined with each other, features may be substituted or borrowed between different embodiments, and one or more features may be omitted in one embodiment, where feasible.
[0035] This application provides a method for generating a dominant seismic data volume for anomalous structures. Five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements in the anomalous structure region, processed by OVT, are stacked using azimuth as the keyword to obtain common azimuth gathers. The dominant azimuth of the anomalous structure is analyzed on both the common azimuth gathers and the five-dimensional gathers, and the dominant azimuth of the anomalous structure is determined through comprehensive analysis. After selecting the dominant azimuth, the prediction function of fracture development direction in five-dimensional interpretation is used to select the effective offset on the spiral gathers. After selecting the azimuth and offset, the dominant gathers are determined, and they are stacked to obtain a dominant data volume for the anomalous structure. Anomalous structure interpretation is performed on this data volume, and the interpretation accuracy is higher than that of omnidirectional stacked profiles and regularly divided azimuth-separated stacked profiles.
[0036] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for generating advantageous seismic data volumes for anomalous structures according to an embodiment of this application is shown. See also... Figure 1 The methods include:
[0037] Step S1: Perform anisotropy analysis on the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within the anomalous structural region to obtain amplitude slices and time difference slices of the CMP surface elements; determine the azimuth range with weaker amplitude energy on the amplitude slices and the azimuth range with larger time differences on the time difference slices; the overlapping azimuth range of the azimuth range with weaker amplitude energy and the azimuth range with larger time differences is taken as the dominant azimuth of structural development. Here, on the amplitude slice, the azimuth range indicated by the amplitude energy of approximately 20% of the weakest amplitude is selected according to the amplitude energy color scale, and on the time difference slice, the azimuth range indicated by the time difference of approximately 20% of the larger time difference is selected according to the time difference color scale, and the azimuth range with larger time differences is taken as the azimuth range with larger time differences.
[0038] Here, high-density seismic data conforming to the "two widths and one height" criteria undergoes OVT processing to obtain five-dimensional gathers of the overall data. OVT processing may include operations such as OVT gather extraction, five-dimensional interpolation, and pre-stack time migration in the OVT domain. Five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within anomalous structural regions are extracted from the five-dimensional gathers of the overall data for anisotropy analysis. Five-dimensional interpretation software can be used for this anisotropy analysis.
[0039] Step S2 involves superimposing traces with the same azimuth angle from the five-dimensional traces of CMP surface elements within the anomalous structural region, and sorting them according to azimuth angle from largest to smallest to obtain omnidirectional traces with the same shot-receiver distance. The azimuth range corresponding to the weakest amplitude trace or the azimuth range corresponding to the maximum reflection time trace in the omnidirectional trace set is taken as the dominant azimuth on the trace set. Here, the dominant azimuth on the trace set is perpendicular to the dominant azimuth of structural development. When the dominant azimuth of structural development plus 90° coincides with the dominant azimuth on the trace set, the dominant azimuth is considered correct.
[0040] Step S3: On the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within the anomalous structural region, the azimuth of anomalous structural development is predicted based on gathers with different offsets, yielding the predicted structural development azimuths at different offsets. When the predicted structural development azimuth coincides with the dominant structural development azimuth, the offset corresponding to the predicted structural development azimuth is the optimal offset. Here, different offsets can include 400 meters, 600 meters, 800 meters, and 1000 meters, and the prediction function of fracture development direction in the five-dimensional interpretation software can be used to predict the azimuth of anomalous structural development.
[0041] Step S4: For the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements in the abnormal construction region, extract the traces corresponding to the dominant orientation on the gathers; extract the traces corresponding to the optimal offset from the traces corresponding to the dominant orientation on the extracted gathers; superimpose the traces corresponding to the optimal offset to obtain the dominant data volume.
[0042] This embodiment takes anomalous structures as its starting point. It identifies the dominant azimuth and effective offset of the five-dimensional gathers and their common azimuth stacked data volumes corresponding to CMP surface elements in the structural anomalies. By using reasonable azimuth and offset to stack the dominant gathers, a dominant data volume is generated. Based on this, a detailed interpretation of the anomalous structures is performed. This application makes up for the problem of insufficient identification of anomalous structures in the omnidirectional and azimuth-based seismic data in OVT technology, making the characterization of anomalous structures more refined.
[0043] Based on the same inventive concept as the method for generating advantageous seismic data volumes for anomalous structures, this embodiment also provides a corresponding apparatus for generating advantageous seismic data volumes for anomalous structures. Figure 2 A structural block diagram of an advantageous seismic data volume generation apparatus for anomalous structures according to an embodiment of this application is shown, including:
[0044] The structural development dominance orientation determination module 21 is used to perform anisotropy analysis on the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within the anomalous structural region, and obtain amplitude slices and time difference slices of the CMP surface elements; determine the azimuth range with weak amplitude energy on the amplitude slices and the azimuth range with large time difference on the time difference slices; and take the overlapping azimuth range of the azimuth range with weak amplitude energy and the azimuth range with large time difference as the structural development dominance orientation.
[0045] The dominant azimuth determination module 22 on the gather is used to superimpose the gathers with the same azimuth angle in the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements in the abnormal structure region, and sort them in descending order of azimuth angle to obtain the omnidirectional gathers of the same shot-receiver distance; the azimuth range corresponding to the weakest amplitude gather or the azimuth range corresponding to the maximum reflection time gather in the omnidirectional gather is taken as the dominant azimuth on the gather.
[0046] The optimal offset determination module 23 is used to predict the orientation of abnormal structure development based on the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements in the abnormal structure region, and obtain the predicted orientation of structure development under different offsets; when the predicted orientation of structure development is consistent with the dominant orientation of structure development, the offset corresponding to the predicted orientation of structure development is the optimal offset.
[0047] The dominant data volume determination module 24 is used to extract the trace corresponding to the dominant orientation from the five-dimensional traces of CMP surface elements in the abnormal construction region; extract the trace corresponding to the optimal offset from the traces corresponding to the dominant orientation in the extracted traces; and superimpose the traces corresponding to the optimal offset to obtain the dominant data volume.
[0048] The device for generating advantageous seismic data volumes for anomalous structures in this embodiment has the same inventive concept as the method for generating advantageous seismic data volumes for anomalous structures described above. Therefore, the specific implementation of this device can be found in the embodiment section of the method for generating advantageous seismic data volumes for anomalous structures described above, and its technical effects correspond to the technical effects of the above method, so it will not be repeated here.
[0049] To verify the effectiveness of the superior seismic data volume generation method and device for anomalous structures proposed in this application, the method of this application was used to perform a detailed interpretation of a coalfield collapse column anomaly.
[0050] Figure 3 An amplitude slice of the CMP point in the structural anomaly region is shown. The direction of weaker amplitude energy on the slice is the dominant direction of the collapse column anomaly. Statistically, the dominant direction of the collapse column is approximately north-south (60°~120°, 240°~300°) (the coordinate system is 0° for due east and the angle increases counterclockwise).
[0051] Figure 4 The time difference slice of CMP point in the structural anomaly region is shown. The time difference represents the time difference between the standard layer and the target layer. The dominant azimuth of the anomaly structure corresponds to the larger time difference. Analysis shows that the dominant azimuth of the collapse column on the time difference slice is close to north-south (60°~110°, 240°~290°) (the coordinate system is 0° with due east as the coordinate system and the angle increases counterclockwise).
[0052] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a holistic collection is shown, where (a) is a holistic collection without anomalous structures, and (b) is a holistic collection with anomalous structures. According to... Figure 5 As shown in (b) in the data set, the dominant azimuth range for describing anomalous structures is (70°~120°, 240°~300°) (the coordinate system takes true north as 0° and the azimuth increases clockwise).
[0053] Figure 6The diagram illustrates offset tests conducted on spiral gathers under the constraint of a dominant azimuth. (a) shows a test at an offset of 400 meters, (b) a test at an offset of 600 meters, (c) a test at an offset of 800 meters, and (d) a test at an offset of 1000 meters. Gathers with offsets of 400 meters, 600 meters, 800 meters, and 1000 meters were selected to predict the development direction of anomalous structural fractures. When the offset reached 800 meters, the predicted direction of the collapse column development was nearly north-south, and the predicted fracture development direction no longer changed significantly with increasing offset, consistent with the previously predicted dominant azimuth.
[0054] Figure 7 The diagram shows a comparison between the dominant azimuth stacked profile and the conventional stacked profile. (a) is a stacked profile of the full-angle, full-offset gathers, (b) is an 800-meter offset profile of the azimuth angles within the range of (337.5°~22.5°, 157.5°~202.5°) using the conventional azimuth method, and (c) is a stacked profile of the dominant gathers. The comparison shows that the collapse column characteristics are clearer and the boundaries of the phase axis discontinuity are more distinct on the seismic profile using the dominant azimuth gathers.
[0055] This application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the above-described method for generating advantageous seismic data volumes for anomalous structures.
[0056] This application provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described method for generating advantageous seismic data volumes for anomalous structures.
[0057] The above descriptions are merely various embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A method for generating advantageous seismic data volumes targeting anomalous structures, characterized in that, include: Anisotropy analysis was performed on the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within the anomalous structural region to obtain amplitude slices and time difference slices of the CMP surface elements. Determine the azimuth range with weak amplitude energy on the amplitude slice and the azimuth range with large time difference on the time difference slice; take the overlapping azimuth range of the azimuth range with weak amplitude energy and the azimuth range with large time difference as the azimuth range with dominant tectonic development. The traces with the same azimuth angle in the five-dimensional traces of the CMP surface element in the abnormal structure region are superimposed and sorted in descending order of azimuth angle to obtain the all-round traces with the same shot-receiver distance; the azimuth range corresponding to the weakest amplitude trace or the azimuth range corresponding to the maximum reflection time trace in the all-round trace is taken as the dominant azimuth on the trace. On the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within the anomalous structural region, the development orientation of the anomalous structure is predicted based on gathers with different offset distances, resulting in predicted structural development orientations at different offset distances. When the predicted structural development orientation coincides with the dominant structural development orientation, the offset distance corresponding to the predicted structural development orientation is the optimal offset distance. For the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within the abnormal construction region, the traces corresponding to the dominant orientation are extracted from the gathers; the traces corresponding to the optimal offset are extracted again from the extracted traces corresponding to the dominant orientation; the extracted traces corresponding to the optimal offset are superimposed to obtain the dominant data volume.
2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The anisotropy analysis of the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within the anomalous structural region is performed based on five-dimensional interpretation software.
3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The prediction of the development orientation of anomalous structures based on gathers with different offset distances is based on five-dimensional interpretation software.
4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The different offset distances include 400 meters, 600 meters, 800 meters, and 1000 meters.
5. A device for generating superior seismic data volumes targeting anomalous structures, characterized in that, include: The module for determining the dominant orientation of structural development is used to perform anisotropy analysis on the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within the anomalous structural region, and to obtain amplitude slices and time difference slices of the CMP surface elements. Determine the azimuth range with weak amplitude energy on the amplitude slice and the azimuth range with large time difference on the time difference slice; take the overlapping azimuth range of the azimuth range with weak amplitude energy and the azimuth range with large time difference as the azimuth range with dominant tectonic development. The dominant azimuth determination module on the trace gather is used to superimpose traces with the same azimuth angle in the five-dimensional trace gathers of CMP surface elements in the abnormal structure region, and sort them according to the azimuth angle from large to small to obtain an all-round trace gather with the same shot-receiver distance; the azimuth range corresponding to the weakest amplitude trace gather or the azimuth range corresponding to the maximum reflection time trace gather is taken as the dominant azimuth on the trace gather. The optimal offset distance determination module is used to predict the orientation of abnormal structure development based on the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements in the abnormal structure region, and obtain the predicted orientation of structure development under different offset distances; when the predicted orientation of structure development is consistent with the dominant orientation of structure development, the offset distance corresponding to the predicted orientation of structure development is the optimal offset distance. The dominant data volume determination module is used to extract the trace corresponding to the dominant orientation on the five-dimensional trace set of the CMP surface element in the abnormal construction region; extract the trace corresponding to the optimal offset from the extracted trace corresponding to the dominant orientation on the trace set; and superimpose the extracted trace corresponding to the optimal offset to obtain the dominant data volume.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, The anisotropy analysis of the five-dimensional gathers of CMP surface elements within the anomalous structural region is performed based on five-dimensional interpretation software.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, The prediction of the development orientation of anomalous structures based on gathers with different offset distances is based on five-dimensional interpretation software.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, The different offset distances include 400 meters, 600 meters, 800 meters, and 1000 meters.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method for generating advantageous seismic data volumes for anomalous structures as described in any one of claims 1-4.
10. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for generating advantageous seismic data volumes for anomalous structures as described in any one of claims 1-4.