A rice direct seeding seed coating method using iron powder as a main raw material

Abstract

A rice direct seeding seed coating method with iron powder as main raw material, comprising the following steps: 1) weighing rice seeds and pouring into a coating machine, carrying out spiral mixing, spraying water on the surface of the rice seeds in the coating machine to make the surface of the rice seeds evenly wet; 2) adding raw materials to the rice seeds in the coating machine for at least two times, adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium sulfate powder, iron powder and calcium peroxide powder in sequence in steps each time, and finally adding a fungicide; the raw material dosages are based on the weight of the rice seeds: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 1.5-3%, calcium sulfate CaSO4·2H2O 2-6%, calcium peroxide CaO2 4-8%, iron powder 35-45%, and the fungicide 0.1-0.4%, and the water addition amount is not more than 30%; 3) spreading the coated rice seeds into a container and drying under ventilation. The present application adopts iron powder to coat the rice seeds for direct seeding, without seed disinfection, with deeper seed fall depth, improved seed germination rate, enhanced rice plant lodging resistance, and high-efficiency weed control by direct seeding in water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural product processing technology, specifically to a coating method for direct-seeded rice seeds using iron powder as the main raw material. Background Technology

[0002] Rice is China's most important food crop, with a planting area of ​​3.0 × 10. 7 hm 2 Rice is the staple food of over 60% of the population in my country, making it the leading one of the three major grains and the cornerstone of my country's food security. There are three main rice cultivation methods: seedling transplanting, direct seeding, and mechanized transplanting, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Compared to seedling transplanting, direct seeding technology effectively addresses labor shortages and offers advantages such as eliminating the need for seedbeds, cost savings, increased efficiency, time and labor savings, shorter growth periods, and high efficiency and speed. However, due to uneven field terrain and inconsistent water levels, it presents several challenges, including difficulty in achieving uniform seedling emergence, severe pest, disease, weed, and bird damage, shallow root penetration, and susceptibility to lodging. These technical difficulties significantly hinder the large-scale promotion of direct seeding rice.

[0003] Iron is an essential micronutrient for plant growth, participating in metabolic processes such as chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, respiration, and DNA synthesis. Iron deficiency leads to chlorosis in leaves, incomplete chloroplast development, and reduced photosynthetic capacity, resulting in decreased rice yield and quality. Meanwhile, iron is also an indispensable micronutrient for humans, closely related to human health. Therefore, appropriately increasing the iron content in rice within the human tolerance range can improve the production of iron-rich rice in China and effectively alleviate the problem of insufficient iron intake in dietary diets.

[0004] Seed coating is a novel agricultural technology and a revolutionary breakthrough in the seed industry. It involves manually or mechanically coating the seed with a membrane that does not dissolve or run off in water, nor does it affect seed imbibition. Coated seeds can germinate normally and slowly release trace elements, fertilizers, pesticides, and other active substances contained in the membrane. This process promotes seed germination, regulates plant growth, increases yield and income, prevents diseases and pests, and enhances plant resistance. However, seed coating technology in my country started relatively late, first introduced and systematically studied by China Agricultural University in 1980. Statistics show that coating agents account for 48%, 24%, and 10% of the coating agent market for corn, wheat, and soybeans, respectively, while rice coating agents account for only 5%. Furthermore, most rice coating agents are developed by foreign companies, indicating significant potential for rice coating technology in my country.

[0005] Current seed coating methods are simplistic, primarily employing a uniform coating approach. This involves thoroughly mixing the components of the coating agent and evenly coating the seed surface, allowing the active ingredients to naturally escape through physical osmosis after sowing. While simple, this method results in rapid loss of active ingredients such as pesticides and fertilizers; it also suffers from poor film-forming properties, high detachment rates, water absorption and dissolution, and its main components are mostly synthetic polymers, leading to high costs and difficulty in natural degradation. Iron coating, originating in Japan, utilizes iron powder and gypsum powder through a simple process. However, it suffers from drawbacks such as requiring a large amount of iron powder, strong but difficult-to-detach coating, and slow seed germination. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a coating method for direct-seeded rice seeds. By utilizing the physicochemical properties of iron powder, the seeds are coated onto the surface of the rice seeds, which is more conducive to direct seeding. At the same time, direct seeding with iron powder-coated rice seeds eliminates the need for seed disinfection. The seeds fall deeper into the soil, effectively preventing them from floating and being pecked by birds. This improves seedling standing, increases seed germination rate, and enhances the lodging resistance of rice plants. Furthermore, direct seeding with hot water can also effectively control weeds.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A method for coating rice seeds for direct seeding using iron powder as the main raw material, comprising the following steps:

[0009] 1) Weigh out rice seeds that meet the national crop seed quality standards and pour them into the coating machine. Start the coating machine and mix them in a spiral motion. Spray water evenly onto the surface of the rice seeds in the coating machine to make the surface of the rice seeds evenly moist.

[0010] 2) Add raw materials to the rice seed coating machine at least twice, adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium sulfate powder, iron powder, and calcium peroxide powder in sequence each time; finally add the bactericide.

[0011] The amount of raw materials used is based on the weight of rice seeds: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 1.5-3%, calcium sulfate CaSO4·2H2O 2-6%, calcium peroxide CaO2 4-8%, iron powder 35-45%, bactericide 0.1-0.4%, and water added at the same time not exceeding 30%.

[0012] Before each addition of raw materials, the surface of the rice seeds should be sprayed with water evenly, and then sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium sulfate powder, iron powder, and calcium peroxide powder should be added in steps in sequence.

[0013] Each of the above ingredients must be thoroughly mixed until the added ingredient completely coats the surface of the rice seed.

[0014] 3) Release the coated rice seeds from the sluice gate, spread them in a container, and place them in a well-ventilated area to air dry.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 2), the raw materials are added in two stages, wherein...

[0016] The dosage of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 1.5-3%, with the first addition being 1-2% and the second addition being 0.5-1%.

[0017] The dosage of calcium sulfate (CaSO4·2H2O) is 2-6%, with the first and second additions both being 1-3%.

[0018] The dosage of calcium peroxide (CaO2) is 4-8%, with the first and second additions both at 2-4%.

[0019] The amount of iron powder used is 35-45%, with the first addition being 20-25% and the second addition being 15-20%.

[0020] The amount of water added should not exceed 30%, with the first addition being 10-15% and the second addition being 5-10%.

[0021] Furthermore, in step 2), the raw materials are added in three stages, wherein...

[0022] Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 2-3%;

[0023] Calcium sulfate powder: 1-2% for the first addition, 1-2% for the second addition, and 0.5-1.5% for the third addition;

[0024] Iron powder, the first addition is 10-15%, the second addition is 10-15%, and the third addition is 5-10%;

[0025] Calcium peroxide powder was added in three separate applications, each at a rate of 1-3%.

[0026] The amount of water added should not exceed 30%, with the first addition being 10-15% and the second addition being 5-10%.

[0027] Preferably, the bactericide is a cyprodinil suspension seed coating agent.

[0028] Preferably, the addition of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium sulfate powder, and iron powder should be done continuously, and water should be added by spraying. After adding iron powder, the coating quality should be checked, and subsequent steps should be carried out only after confirming that there are no problems.

[0029] Preferably, the coating machine is a vertical coating machine.

[0030] Preferably, in step 3), the thickness of the rice seeds spread into the container is 1-2 cm.

[0031] Preferably, in step 1), water is sprayed evenly onto the surface of the rice seeds in the coating machine using a spraying device.

[0032] In the method design described in this invention:

[0033] 1. The present invention employs multiple cycles of material addition. The purpose of this method is to ensure that the iron powder is layered and adhered to the rice seeds, preventing it from easily falling off. Because iron powder is relatively heavy, it does not readily adhere to the surface of rice seeds. Adding it all at once can lead to uneven coating or even failure to coat the seeds completely. Multiple cycles allow some iron powder to coat the seed surface initially, and subsequent cycles can coat additional portions, thus achieving a stable, layered coating of iron powder on the rice seed surface.

[0034] 2. The order of raw material addition in the method described in this invention is specially designed. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is added first, mainly acting as a binder to make the surface of the rice seeds sticky. Adding it first facilitates subsequent coating. Calcium sulfate powder and calcium peroxide powder, in addition to their binding effect, also have water-absorbing and drying properties, allowing the iron powder to adhere more firmly to the surface of the rice seeds. Furthermore, calcium peroxide powder can react chemically with water to generate oxygen, thus promoting seed germination after coating. Adding the raw materials in stages ensures that the iron powder adheres more evenly to the surface of the rice seeds; otherwise, clumping of the iron powder and additives would occur, leading to uneven coating.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0036] 1. Rice seeds coated using the process described in this invention have a density increase of more than 30%, allowing for direct seeding in clear water and reducing planting difficulty.

[0037] 2. Traditional direct seeding requires manual thinning and transplanting during the seedling stage, but the rice paddies coated by the process described in this invention do not require this.

[0038] 3. Rice seeds coated using the process described in this invention fall deeper into the soil, increasing the soil depth by more than 3mm compared to uncoated seeds. This results in deeper root development and stronger resistance to lodging. Direct seeding of iron-coated rice seeds eliminates the need for seed disinfection, and virtually eliminates the need for pesticides to prevent pests and diseases during the seedling stage. Conventional direct seeding of rice typically requires more than three applications of herbicides, while direct seeding of rice fields using the process described in this invention requires at most one application or even no herbicide application at all.

[0039] 4. The direct-seeded rice grown in Zhanshui using the coating method described in this invention has a yield of more than 10% higher than that of ordinary rice. The rice is rich in nutrients and has a low content of heavy metals, especially iron, which is increased by about 3 times. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a photograph of rice seeds before coating in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a photograph of coated rice seeds from Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a photograph of rice seeds before coating in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a photograph of coated rice seeds from Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a photograph of rice seeds before coating in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a photograph of coated rice seeds from Example 3 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a photograph of rice seeds before coating in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 This is a photograph of coated rice seeds from Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] A method for coating rice seeds for direct seeding includes the following steps:

[0051] 1) Weigh 50 kg of rice seeds that meet the national crop seed quality standards and pour them into a vertical coating machine purchased from the market;

[0052] 2) Start the coating machine and perform spiral mixing. Use a spraying device (such as an electric sprayer) to evenly spray 5L of water onto the surface of the rice seeds in the vertical coating machine and mix thoroughly.

[0053] 3) Add 1000g of pre-weighed sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and mix well;

[0054] 4) Add 500g of pre-weighed calcium sulfate powder and mix well;

[0055] 5) Add 5000g of pre-weighed iron powder and mix well;

[0056] 6) Add 500g of pre-weighed calcium peroxide powder and mix well;

[0057] 7) Pour 50ml of the pre-measured cyprodinil suspension seed coating agent into 2.5L of water and stir well. Use a spraying device (such as an electric sprayer) to spray the mixture evenly and mix it thoroughly.

[0058] 8) Add 500g of pre-weighed calcium sulfate powder and mix well;

[0059] 9) Add 500g of pre-weighed calcium peroxide powder and mix well;

[0060] 10) Add 5000g of pre-weighed iron powder and mix well;

[0061] 11) Add 250g of pre-weighed calcium sulfate powder and mix well;

[0062] 12) Add 500g of pre-weighed calcium peroxide powder and mix well;

[0063] 13) Add 2500g of pre-weighed iron powder and mix well;

[0064] 14) Release the coated rice seeds from the sluice gate, spread them in a container to a thickness of about 1 cm, and place them in a well-ventilated place to air dry.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] A method for coating rice seeds for direct seeding includes the following steps:

[0067] 1) Weigh 50 kg of rice seeds that meet the national crop seed quality standards and pour them into a vertical coating machine purchased from the market;

[0068] 2) Start the coating machine and perform spiral mixing. Use a spraying device (such as an electric sprayer) to evenly spray 7.5L of water onto the surface of the rice seeds in the vertical coating machine and mix thoroughly.

[0069] 3) Add 1500g of pre-weighed sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and mix well;

[0070] 4) Add 1000g of pre-weighed calcium sulfate powder and mix well;

[0071] 5) Add 7500g of pre-weighed iron powder and mix well;

[0072] 6) Add 1500g of pre-weighed calcium peroxide powder and mix well;

[0073] 7) Pour 200ml of the pre-measured methyl fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent into 5L of water and stir well. Use a spraying device (such as an electric sprayer) to spray the mixture evenly and mix it thoroughly.

[0074] 8) Add 1000g of pre-weighed calcium sulfate powder and mix well;

[0075] 9) Add 1500g of pre-weighed calcium peroxide powder and mix well;

[0076] 10) Add 7500g of pre-weighed iron powder and mix well;

[0077] 11) Add 750g of pre-weighed calcium sulfate powder and mix well;

[0078] 12) Add 1500g of pre-weighed calcium peroxide powder and mix well;

[0079] 13) Add 5000g of pre-weighed iron powder and mix well;

[0080] 14) Release the coated rice seeds from the sluice gate, spread them in a container to a thickness of about 1 cm, and place them in a well-ventilated place to air dry.

[0081] Example 3

[0082] A method for coating rice seeds for direct seeding includes the following steps:

[0083] 1) Weigh 50 kg of rice seeds that meet the national crop seed quality standards and pour them into a vertical coating machine purchased from the market;

[0084] 2) Start the coating machine and perform spiral mixing. Use a spraying device (such as an electric sprayer) to evenly spray 5.0L of water onto the surface of the rice seeds in the vertical coating machine and mix thoroughly.

[0085] 3) Add 750g of pre-weighed sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and mix well;

[0086] 4) Add 1000g of pre-weighed calcium sulfate powder and mix well;

[0087] 5) Add 10 kg of pre-weighed iron powder and mix well;

[0088] 6) Add 1500g of pre-weighed calcium peroxide powder and mix well;

[0089] 7) Pour 200ml of the pre-measured methyl fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent into 3.5L of water and stir well. Use a spraying device (such as an electric sprayer) to spray the mixture evenly and mix it thoroughly.

[0090] 8) Add 250g of pre-weighed sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and mix well;

[0091] 9) Add 1000g of pre-weighed calcium sulfate powder and mix well;

[0092] 10) Add 1500g of pre-weighed calcium peroxide powder and mix well;

[0093] 11) Add 7500g of pre-weighed iron powder and mix well;

[0094] 12) Release the coated rice seeds from the sluice gate, spread them in a container to a thickness of about 1 cm, and place them in a well-ventilated place to air dry.

[0095] Example 4

[0096] A method for coating rice seeds for direct seeding includes the following steps:

[0097] 1) Weigh 50 kg of rice seeds that meet the national crop seed quality standards and pour them into a vertical coating machine purchased from the market;

[0098] 2) Start the coating machine and perform spiral mixing. Use a spraying device (such as an electric sprayer) to evenly spray 2.5L of water onto the surface of the rice seeds in the vertical coating machine and mix thoroughly.

[0099] 3) Add 250g of pre-weighed sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and mix well;

[0100] 4) Add 450g of pre-weighed calcium sulfate powder and mix well;

[0101] 5) Add 1000g of pre-weighed calcium peroxide powder and mix well;

[0102] 6) Add 4500g of pre-weighed iron powder and mix well;

[0103] 7) Use a spraying device (such as an electric sprayer) to evenly spray 1.5L of water and mix thoroughly;

[0104] 8) Add 125g of pre-weighed calcium sulfate powder and mix well;

[0105] 9) Add 400g of pre-weighed calcium peroxide powder and mix well;

[0106] 10) Add 4000g of pre-weighed iron powder and mix well;

[0107] 11) Add 1000g of pre-weighed calcium peroxide powder and mix well;

[0108] 12) Pour 200ml of the pre-measured methyl fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent into 2L of water and stir well. Use a spraying device (such as an electric sprayer) to spray the mixture evenly and mix it thoroughly.

[0109] 13) Add 125g of pre-weighed sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and mix well;

[0110] 14) Add 400g of pre-weighed calcium sulfate powder and mix well;

[0111] 15) Add 1000g of pre-weighed calcium peroxide powder and mix well;

[0112] 16) Add 4000g of pre-weighed iron powder and mix well;

[0113] 17) Release the coated rice seeds from the sluice gate, spread them in a container to a thickness of 1cm, and place them in a well-ventilated place to air dry.

[0114] Table 1

[0115]

[0116] From Table 1 and Figures 1 to 8 It can be seen that the germination rate of rice seeds obtained by the coating method of this invention is improved, with an average improvement of about 10%.

[0117] In summary, the rice seed coating method of the present invention uses some safe, environmentally friendly, easily degradable adhesives and bactericides with physiological functions, and utilizes the high specific gravity of reduced iron powder to increase the specific gravity of rice seeds. It is simple to operate, has strong adhesion, protects rice seeds, and can promote rice growth and development, increase rice yield and improve rice quality.

[0118] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements, equivalent substitutions and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles, spirit and rules of the present invention, and all of these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for coating rice seeds for direct sowing, using iron powder as a main raw material, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: ​ 1) Weigh the rice seeds meeting the national crop seed quality standards and pour them into a coating machine. Start the coating machine, mix the rice seeds spirally, and spray water evenly on the surface of the rice seeds in the coating machine to make the surface of the rice seeds evenly wet. 2) Add raw materials to the rice seeds in the coating machine at least twice. Each time, add carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, calcium sulfate powder, iron powder, and calcium peroxide powder in steps. The raw material dosage is based on the weight of the rice seeds: carboxymethyl cellulose sodium 1.5-3%, calcium sulfate CaSO4·2H2O 2-6%, calcium peroxide CaO2 4-8%, iron powder 35-45%, fungicide 0.1-0.4%, and water 30% or less. Before adding raw materials each time, spray water evenly on the surface of the rice seeds, then add carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, calcium sulfate powder, iron powder, and calcium peroxide powder in steps. After adding each raw material, mix thoroughly until the raw material is completely wrapped on the surface of the rice seeds. 3) Release the coated rice seeds, spread them into a container, and dry them under ventilated conditions.

2. The method for coating rice seeds for direct sowing with iron powder as the main raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2), the raw materials are added in two additions, wherein, Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium 1.5-3%, first addition 1-2%, second addition 0.5-1%; Calcium sulfate CaSO4·2H2O 2-6%, first and second additions 1-3%; Calcium peroxide CaO2 4-8%, first and second additions 2-4%; Iron powder 35-45%, first addition 20-25%, second addition 15-20%; water 30% or less, first addition 10-15%, second addition 5-10%.

3. The method for coating rice seeds for direct sowing with iron powder as the main raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2), the raw materials are added in three additions, wherein, Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium 2-3%; Calcium sulfate powder, first addition 1-2%, second addition 1-2%, third addition 0.5-1.5%; Iron powder, first addition 10-15%, second addition 10-15%, third addition 5-10%; Calcium peroxide powder, three additions 1-3%; Water 30% or less, first addition 10-15%, second addition 5-10%.

4. The method for coating rice seeds using iron powder as the main raw material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fungicide is azoxystrobin+fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent.

5. The method for coating rice seeds for direct sowing according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the iron powder is used as the main raw material. In step 2), the addition of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, calcium sulfate powder, and iron powder should be completed continuously. The water is added by spraying. After adding iron powder, check the coating quality and confirm that there are no problems before proceeding to the next step.

6. The method for coating rice seeds using iron powder as the main raw material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3), the thickness of the spread rice seeds in the container is 1-2 cm.

7. The method for coating rice seeds using iron powder as the main raw material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1), use a spraying device to spray water evenly on the surface of the rice seeds in the coating machine.

8. The method for coating rice seeds using iron powder as the main raw material as described in claim 1 or 7, characterized in that, In step 1), the coating machine is a vertical coating machine.

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