Automatic hydraulic self-centering floating clamping structure

Abstract

The present application belongs to the mechanical technical field, especially to a kind of automatic hydraulic self-centering floating clamping structure. Including driving part, automatic hydraulic self-centering floating chuck mechanism, tailstock automatic center device. The driving part includes driving shaft, and first center body is equipped on driving shaft, and second center body is equipped on tailstock automatic center device and matched with first center body;The center axis of driving shaft, the center axis of first center body, the center axis of second center body all coincide. The automatic hydraulic self-centering floating chuck mechanism includes automatic clamping device and closed oil circuit driving workpiece clamping device, which realize automatic centering clamping of grinding workpiece. Automatic clamping device and closed oil circuit driving workpiece clamping device cooperate to realize automatic centering clamping of grinding workpiece, and the clamping effect is good, not easy to loosen, effectively improve the concentricity and machining precision in workpiece machining process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mechanical technology, and in particular relates to an automatic hydraulic self-centering floating clamping structure. Background Technology

[0002] A grinding machine is a precision machining equipment used to grind the surface of a workpiece. During the machining process, appropriate chucks are used to fix the workpiece in the correct machining position so that the grinding process can be carried out.

[0003] Different types of chucks are required depending on the shape and structure of the workpiece being machined. For grinding high-precision shaft workpieces, double-centering, three-jaw chucks, four-jaw chucks, chicken-heart chucks, and self-centering floating clamping chucks are generally used. Existing chucks used in grinding machines generally have poor clamping performance, and workpieces are prone to loosening or eccentricity, which affects the machining accuracy and leads to product quality problems.

[0004] In summary, to address the shortcomings of existing chuck structures used in cylindrical grinding machines, it is necessary to design a reasonable, high-performance automatic hydraulic self-centering floating clamping structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an automatic hydraulic self-centering floating clamping structure that has a good clamping effect and can effectively improve the concentricity and machining accuracy of the workpiece during the machining process.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] An automatic hydraulic self-centering floating clamping structure, characterized in that it includes a driving component, an automatic hydraulic self-centering floating chuck mechanism, and an automatic tailstock center device;

[0008] The driving component includes a drive shaft, on which a first center body is provided, and on which the tailstock automatic centering device is provided a second center body that cooperates with the first center body; the central axis of the drive shaft, the central axis of the first center body, and the central axis of the second center body all coincide.

[0009] The automatic hydraulic self-centering floating chuck mechanism includes an automatic clamping device that together achieves automatic centering and clamping of the grinding workpiece and a closed-circuit driven workpiece clamping device.

[0010] Based on the above structure, the first and second center bodies hold the center of both ends of the workpiece to be ground. The automatic clamping device and the closed oil circuit driven workpiece clamping device work together to achieve automatic centering and clamping of the workpiece to be ground. The clamping effect is good and it is not easy to loosen, thereby improving the concentricity and machining accuracy of the workpiece during the machining process.

[0011] Preferably, the automatic clamping device of the present invention includes a base, a bearing, a locking ring, an oil passage ring, and a support ring arranged concentrically with the drive shaft;

[0012] The base is fixed on the drive shaft. The locking ring is rotatably mounted on the base via a bearing. The oil passage ring is located inside the locking ring, with its outer ring in contact with the inner ring of the locking ring. The support ring is fixedly connected to the base by screws and is located outside the locking ring. A first hanging post is fixed on the locking ring, and a second hanging post is fixed on the oil passage ring. A tension spring is provided between the first and second hanging posts, allowing the locking ring to rotate on the base under the action of the tension spring. The drive component is equipped with a cylinder seat, which contains a clamping cylinder. The locking ring has a positioning hole that mates with the rod head of the clamping cylinder.

[0013] Preferably, the closed oil circuit driven workpiece clamping device of the present invention includes an oil chamber disposed in an oil circuit ring, one end of the oil chamber being an oil outlet, a locking piston cooperating with a locking ring connected to the oil outlet, and the other end of the oil chamber being an oil inlet, a clamping piston for clamping the workpiece connected to the oil inlet, wherein the oil chamber between the locking piston and the clamping piston is a completely connected closed oil chamber.

[0014] Preferably, the oil passage ring of the present invention has an opening on the outer side that communicates with the oil cavity, and a first sealing screw is provided on the opening.

[0015] Preferably, the inner side of the locking ring of the present invention is provided with a plurality of inclined surfaces evenly distributed, and the oil passage ring is provided with a plurality of locking pistons that are movably connected to it along the radial direction. The outer side of the locking piston can move along the inclined surface. While the locking piston moves along the inclined surface, it can also move within the oil passage ring and squeeze the oil in the oil chamber to drive the clamping piston to move.

[0016] Preferably, the number of locking pistons in this invention is 6, and the number of oil outlet holes is the same as the number of locking pistons.

[0017] Preferably, the support ring of the present invention has a plurality of first cavities evenly provided radially for clamping pistons to pass through. Each first cavity is provided with a clamping piston. A compression spring is sleeved on the inner side of the clamping piston and is located in the first cavity. The outer side of the clamping piston passes through the inner opening of the first cavity and is provided with a locking head for clamping the workpiece. The locking head is arranged in the direction of the central axis of the support ring. A second sealing screw is provided at the outer opening of the first cavity. The side of the support ring that contacts the oil passage ring is provided with an annular oil cavity arranged concentrically with the support ring. The annular oil cavity is connected to both the oil cavity and the first cavity.

[0018] Preferably, the side of the support ring that contacts the oil passage ring of the present invention is provided with a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring that are concentrically arranged with the annular oil cavity. The first sealing ring and the second sealing ring are respectively located on the outer side and the inner side of the annular oil cavity; a third sealing ring is sleeved on the screw, and the third sealing ring is located between the support ring and the oil passage ring.

[0019] Preferably, the lock head and the clamping piston of the present invention are detachably connected.

[0020] Preferably, the number of clamping pistons in the present invention is three or more, and the number of oil inlet holes is the same as the number of clamping pistons.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following features and beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The drive component rotates in the normal grinding direction. Under the tension of the tension spring, the locking ring keeps the locking piston in a clamping state along the inclined surface on the locking ring. The clamping effect is good and it is not easy to loosen.

[0023] 2. When clamped, the hydraulic oil in the oil chamber exerts the same pressure on multiple clamping pistons. After the clamping force between multiple locking heads and the workpiece is balanced, and the locking heads are completely floating relative to the workpiece, it can better adapt to situations where the outer diameter of the workpiece deviates significantly from the axis of its own center hole. This can minimize the impact of unbalanced clamping force on the runout of the center hole axis during the machining process and effectively improve machining accuracy.

[0024] 3. The preferred number of locking pistons is 6, and the preferred number of clamping pistons is 3. The arrangement of 6 locking pistons corresponding to 3 clamping pistons increases the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the closed oil chamber on the clamping pistons, thereby improving the clamping force of the clamping pistons and ensuring the processing stability of the workpiece, thus improving the processing accuracy.

[0025] 4. The first and second sealing rings ensure the sealing effect of the annular oil cavity and guarantee the precision of the hydraulic working process.

[0026] 5. The locking head and clamping piston are detachably connected, and the locking head can be replaced to adapt to grinding workpieces of different diameters, thus improving the applicability of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0029] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the cooperation between the clamping cylinder and the automatic hydraulic self-centering floating chuck mechanism of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the cooperation between the chuck release cylinder and the automatic hydraulic self-centering floating chuck mechanism of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the automatic hydraulic self-centering floating chuck mechanism of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the inner surface structure of the support ring of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the support ring structure of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the locking ring and oil passage ring mating structure of the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Locking ring; 3. Oil passage ring; 4. Support ring; 5. Cylinder seat; 6. Tension spring; 7. First hanging column; 8. Second hanging column; 9. Locking piston; 10. Clamping piston; 11. Lock head; 12. Compression spring; 13. Second sealing screw; 14. First sealing screw; 15. Second sealing ring; 16. Third sealing ring; 17. Screw; 18. First center body; 20. Second center body; 19. Bearing; 21. Unclamping cylinder; 22. Positioning hole; 23. Drive component; 33. Tailstock automatic centering device; 44. Inclined surface; 50. Oil outlet; 51. Oil chamber; 52. Oil inlet; 53. Annular oil chamber; 54. Workpiece; 55. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] like Figures 1-4 As shown, an automatic hydraulic self-centering floating clamping structure is characterized by including a driving component 33, an automatic hydraulic self-centering floating chuck mechanism, and a tailstock automatic centering device 44.

[0038] The driving component 33 includes a driving shaft, on which a first tip body 20 is provided, and on which the tailstock automatic tipping device 44 is a second tip body 19 that cooperates with the first tip body 20; the central axis of the driving shaft, the central axis of the first tip body 20, and the central axis of the second tip body 19 all coincide.

[0039] The automatic hydraulic self-centering floating chuck mechanism includes an automatic clamping device that together achieves automatic centering and clamping of the grinding workpiece and a closed-circuit driven workpiece clamping device.

[0040] Based on the above structure, the first center body 20 and the second center body 19 hold the center of both ends of the workpiece 55 to be ground. The automatic clamping device and the closed oil circuit driven workpiece clamping device work together to achieve automatic centering and clamping of the workpiece 55 to be ground. The clamping effect is good and it is not easy to loosen, thereby improving the concentricity and machining accuracy of the workpiece during the machining process.

[0041] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 8 As shown, the automatic clamping device includes a base 1 concentrically arranged with the drive shaft, a bearing 21, a locking ring 2, an oil passage ring 3, and a support ring 4. The base 1 is fixed to the drive shaft. The locking ring 2 is rotatably mounted on the base 1 via the bearing 21. The oil passage ring 3 is located inside the locking ring 2, with its outer ring in contact with the inner ring of the locking ring 2. The support ring 4 is fixedly connected to the base 1 via screws 18 and is located outside the locking ring 2. A first hanging post 7 is fixed to the locking ring 2, and a second hanging post 8 is fixed to the oil passage ring 3. A tension spring 6 is provided between the first hanging post 7 and the second hanging post 8, allowing the locking ring 2 to rotate on the base 1 under the action of the tension spring 6. Figure 1 As shown, the driving component 33 is provided with a cylinder seat 5, the cylinder seat 5 is provided with a clamping cylinder 22, and the locking ring 2 is provided with a positioning hole 23 that cooperates with the rod head of the clamping cylinder 22.

[0042] like Figure 5-7 As shown, the closed-circuit driven workpiece clamping device includes an oil chamber 52 disposed within an oil passage ring 3. One end of the oil chamber 52 is an oil outlet 51, connected to which a locking piston 9, which cooperates with a locking ring 2, is connected. The other end of the oil chamber 52 is an oil inlet 53, connected to which a clamping piston 10 for clamping the workpiece is connected. The oil chamber 52 between the locking piston 9 and the clamping piston 10 is a completely connected closed oil chamber 52. An opening communicating with the oil chamber 52 is provided on the outer side of the oil passage ring 3, and a first sealing screw 14 is provided on the opening.

[0043] like Figure 5 , Figure 8 As shown, the inner side of the locking ring 2 is uniformly provided with multiple inclined surfaces 50, and the oil passage ring 3 is uniformly provided radially with multiple locking pistons 9 that are movably connected to it. The preferred number of locking pistons 9 is 6, and the number of oil outlet holes 51 is the same as the number of locking pistons 9. The outer side of the locking piston 9 can move along the inclined surface 50. While the locking piston 9 moves along the inclined surface 50, it can also move within the oil passage ring 3 and squeeze the oil in the oil chamber 52 to drive the clamping piston 10 to move.

[0044] like Figures 5-7As shown, the support ring 4 has multiple first cavities evenly arranged radially for clamping pistons 10 to pass through. Each first cavity contains a clamping piston 10, and preferably there are three or more clamping pistons 10. The number of oil inlet holes 53 is the same as the number of clamping pistons 10. A compression spring 12 is sleeved inside the clamping piston 10 and is located in the first cavity. The outer side of the clamping piston 10 passes through the inner opening of the first cavity and is provided with a locking head 11 for clamping the workpiece. The locking head 11 is arranged towards the central axis of the support ring 4. A second sealing screw 13 is provided at the outer opening of the first cavity. The side of the support ring 4 that contacts the oil passage ring 3 is provided with an annular oil cavity 54 that is concentrically arranged with the support ring 4. The annular oil cavity 54 is connected to both the oil cavity 52 and the first cavity. The first cavity, oil inlet hole 53, annular oil cavity 54, oil cavity 52, and oil outlet hole 51 are sequentially connected.

[0045] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the side of the support ring 4 that contacts the oil passage ring 3 is provided with a first sealing ring 15 and a second sealing ring 16, which are concentrically arranged with the annular oil cavity 54. The first sealing ring 15 and the second sealing ring 16 are located on the outer and inner sides of the annular oil cavity 54, respectively. A third sealing ring 17 is fitted on the screw 18, and the third sealing ring 17 is located between the support ring 4 and the oil passage ring 3. The arrangement of the first sealing ring 15 and the second sealing ring 16 ensures the sealing effect of the annular oil cavity 54 and ensures the precision of the hydraulic working process.

[0046] The locking head 11 is detachably connected to the clamping piston 10, and the locking head 11 can be replaced to accommodate grinding workpieces 55 of different diameters, thus improving the applicability of the equipment. The locking head 11 can be threadedly connected to the clamping piston 10.

[0047] The working process of this equipment is as follows:

[0048] When workpiece 55 needs to be placed, the rod head of the loosening cylinder 22 enters the positioning hole 23 of the locking ring 2, fixing the locking ring 2 in place. The driving component 33 rotates in the reverse direction of grinding, driving the base 1 and the oil passage ring 3 and support ring 4 fixed on the base 1 to rotate, causing the second hanging post 8 fixed on the oil passage ring 3 to move closer to the first hanging post 7 fixed on the locking ring 2. The tension spring 6 is compressed, and the locking piston 9 can move upward along the inclined plane 50. The locking piston 9 can move outward along the oil passage ring 3. After the pressure of the locking piston on the oil chamber 52 decreases, the previously compressed spring 12 begins to reset, driving the clamping piston 10 to move into the first cavity. At this time, the locking head 11 will be in the open state, allowing one end of workpiece 55 to pass through the support ring 4, oil passage ring 3, locking ring 2 and base 1 to reach the first center body 20, and the other end to be inserted into the second center body 19. Subsequently, the rod head of the release cylinder 22 retracts, the tension spring 6 rebounds, the first hanging column 7 and the second hanging column 8 move away from each other, the outside of the locking cylinder moves downward along the inclined plane 50 and is squeezed into the oil circuit ring 3, finally squeezing the clamping piston 10 towards the center of the support ring 4 to clamp the workpiece.

[0049] After starting work, the drive component 33 rotates in the normal grinding direction. The drive component 33 drives the oil passage ring 3 to rotate. The oil passage ring 3 pulls the locking ring 2 through the tension spring 6. Under the tension of the tension spring 6, the locking piston 9 always tends to be clamped along the inclined surface 50 on the locking ring 2. The clamping effect is good and it is not easy to loosen.

[0050] After the workpiece 55 is processed, the drive component 33 stops, the loosening cylinder 22 is pushed into the positioning hole 23 of the locking ring 2, the drive component 33 rotates in the reverse direction of grinding, and the compression spring 12 installed in the clamping piston 10 drives the clamping piston 10 to retract into the support ring 4 to release the workpiece.

[0051] In the clamping state, the hydraulic oil in the oil chamber 52 exerts the same pressure on the multiple clamping pistons 10. When the outer diameter of the workpiece 55 deviates significantly from the axis of its own central hole, one of the multiple locking heads 11 stops moving after contacting the workpiece 55. Under the action of the hydraulic oil in the oil chamber 52, the remaining locking heads 11 successively contact the workpiece 55. When the clamping force between the multiple locking heads 11 and the workpiece 55 is balanced, the working state is entered.

[0052] The multiple locking heads 11 are completely floating relative to the workpiece 55, which is more adaptable to situations where the outer diameter of the workpiece 55 deviates significantly from the axis of its central hole. When the clamping forces between the multiple locking heads 11 and the workpiece 55 are balanced, the pressure acting on the surface of the workpiece 55 also tends to be the same, which can minimize the impact of the unbalanced clamping forces on the runout of the central hole axis during the machining process.

[0053] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An automatic hydraulic self-centering floating clamping structure, characterized in that: Includes drive components, automatic hydraulic self-centering floating chuck mechanism, and automatic tailstock center device; The driving component includes a drive shaft, on which a first center body is provided, and on which the tailstock automatic centering device is provided a second center body that cooperates with the first center body; the central axis of the drive shaft, the central axis of the first center body, and the central axis of the second center body all coincide. The automatic hydraulic self-centering floating chuck mechanism includes an automatic clamping device that together achieves automatic centering and clamping of the grinding workpiece and a closed-circuit drive workpiece clamping device. The automatic clamping device includes a base, bearing, locking ring, oil passage ring, and support ring arranged concentrically with the drive shaft; The base is fixed on the drive shaft. The locking ring is rotatably mounted on the base via a bearing. The oil passage ring is located inside the locking ring, with its outer ring in contact with the inner ring of the locking ring. The support ring is fixedly connected to the base by screws and is located outside the locking ring. A first hanging post is fixed on the locking ring, and a second hanging post is fixed on the oil passage ring. A tension spring is provided between the first and second hanging posts, allowing the locking ring to rotate on the base under the action of the tension spring. The drive component is equipped with a cylinder seat, which contains a clamping cylinder. The locking ring has a positioning hole that mates with the rod head of the clamping cylinder. The closed oil circuit driven workpiece clamping device includes an oil chamber set in the oil circuit ring, one end of the oil chamber is an oil outlet, and a locking piston that cooperates with the locking ring is connected to the oil outlet. The other end of the oil chamber is an oil inlet, and a clamping piston for clamping the workpiece is connected to the oil inlet. The oil chamber between the locking piston and the clamping piston is a completely connected closed oil chamber. An opening communicating with the oil chamber is provided on the outer side of the oil passage ring, and a first sealing screw is provided on the opening; The inner ring of the locking ring is provided with multiple inclined surfaces evenly distributed on its side. The oil passage ring is provided with multiple locking pistons that are movably connected to it along the radial direction. The outer side of the locking piston can move along the inclined surface. While the locking piston moves along the inclined surface, it can also move within the oil passage ring and squeeze the oil in the oil chamber to drive the clamping piston to move.

2. The automatic hydraulic self-centering floating clamping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of locking pistons is 6, and the number of oil outlet holes is the same as the number of locking pistons.

3. The automatic hydraulic self-centering floating clamping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support ring has multiple first cavities evenly spaced radially for clamping pistons to pass through. Each first cavity contains a clamping piston, and a compression spring is fitted inside the clamping piston. The compression spring is located inside the first cavity. The outer side of the clamping piston passes through the inner opening of the first cavity and has a locking head for clamping the workpiece. The locking head is positioned towards the central axis of the support ring. A second sealing screw is provided at the outer opening of the first cavity. The side of the support ring that contacts the oil passage ring has an annular oil cavity that is concentrically arranged with the support ring. The annular oil cavity is connected to both the oil cavity and the first cavity.

4. The automatic hydraulic self-centering floating clamping structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The side of the support ring that contacts the oil passage ring is provided with a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring that are concentrically arranged with the annular oil cavity. The first sealing ring and the second sealing ring are located on the outer and inner sides of the annular oil cavity, respectively. A third sealing ring is fitted on the screw, and the third sealing ring is located between the support ring and the oil passage ring.

5. The automatic hydraulic self-centering floating clamping structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lock head is detachably connected to the clamping piston.

6. The automatic hydraulic self-centering floating clamping structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of clamping pistons is three or more, and the number of oil inlet holes is the same as the number of clamping pistons.

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