A solid carbide milling cutter with grooves on the front cutting surface

Abstract

A solid carbide milling cutter with a groove on the front cutting edge, wherein a groove (10) is provided on the peripheral cutting edge front cutting edge (111), wherein the size of each groove (10) along the peripheral cutting edge is 0.1mm to 5mm, and the spacing between two adjacent grooves (10) is 0.5mm to 25mm, or 2mm to 20mm, or 3mm to 12mm. When the groove (10) does not pass through the peripheral cutting edge (113), the groove surface of the groove (10) close to the peripheral cutting edge (113) forms a peripheral cutting edge second rake angle, and the peripheral cutting edge second rake angle is greater than the corresponding peripheral cutting edge first rake angle; when the groove (10) passes through the peripheral cutting edge (113), the groove forms a groove rake angle, and the groove rake angle is between 25° minus the peripheral cutting edge first rake angle and 25° plus the peripheral cutting edge first rake angle. The milling cutter can effectively control the chip length and improve the stability of workpiece processing. The groove leaves no extra cutting amount or only a very small extra cutting amount for the rear cutting edge, effectively improving the processing accuracy and service life of the tool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of milling cutters, in particular to an integral carbide milling cutter with a groove on its front cutting surface. Background Art

[0002] Milling cutters are widely used multi-tooth, multi-edged rotary tools for milling. They offer high milling speeds and zero idle travel, making them a highly efficient cutting method suitable not only for machining planes, grooves, and steps, but also for machining threads, splines, gears, and other shaped surfaces. During milling, the cutter rotates around its axis as the primary motion, while the workpiece performs the feed motion. Milling cutters are typically used for high-speed cutting, resulting in significant impact and vibration during machining. Existing tools struggle to meet the demands of high-efficiency, high-precision machining. A prominent issue is the difficulty in controlling chip size, making it difficult to promptly remove chips during milling. This increases friction between the tool and the workpiece, leading to chip heat accumulation and significantly limiting the milling cutter's machining life, efficiency, and precision. Existing chip dividers can be used to improve chip morphology, thereby improving chip formation, curling, and removal. However, these existing chip dividers inevitably produce a large amount of chip residue, resulting in excessive cutting resistance on the next cutting edge, easily causing chip chipping and excessive tool wear, thus reducing tool life. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a solid carbide milling cutter with a groove on the rake face, which includes the following embodiments:

[0004] Embodiment 1. A solid carbide milling cutter with a groove on the rake face, comprising a body portion, an optional shank portion for direct or indirect connection with a machine tool, and an optional neck portion connecting the body portion and the shank portion, wherein the body portion is made of solid carbide.

[0005] The main body portion has a plurality of peripheral cutting edges and a plurality of main chip grooves corresponding to the peripheral cutting edges, the peripheral cutting edges each independently having a peripheral cutting edge rake surface and a peripheral cutting edge flank surface, the peripheral cutting edge rake surface and the peripheral cutting edge flank surface intersecting to form a peripheral cutting edge, wherein the peripheral cutting edge rake surface forms a peripheral cutting edge first rake angle at each location of the peripheral cutting edge, characterized in that:

[0006] One or more grooves are provided on the circumferential blade rake face, wherein the size of each groove along the circumferential blade edge is 0.1 mm to 5 mm, 0.1 mm to 5 mm, or 0.3 mm to 3 mm, and when multiple grooves are provided, the spacing between two adjacent grooves is 0.5 mm to 25 mm, or 2 mm to 20 mm, or 3 mm to 12 mm, wherein the groove passes through the circumferential blade edge or does not pass through the circumferential blade edge,

[0007] In the case where the groove does not pass through the peripheral blade edge, the groove surface adjacent to the peripheral blade edge is a second rake angle surface, so that the groove surface adjacent to the peripheral blade edge forms a second peripheral blade rake angle, and the second peripheral blade rake angle is greater than the corresponding first peripheral blade rake angle;

[0008] When the groove passes through the peripheral edge, the groove forms a groove rake angle (i.e., the rake angle of the cutting edge formed by the intersection of the groove and the peripheral edge flank surface), wherein the groove rake angle is between 25° and 25°, or between 35° and 35°, or between 20° and 20°, or between 28° and 28°, or between 30° and 30°. In some embodiments, the second peripheral edge rake angle is greater than the corresponding first peripheral edge rake angle by at least 3°, at least 5°, at least 10°, at least 20°, at least 25°, at least 30°, or at least 35°.

[0009] Embodiment 2. The carbide milling cutter according to embodiment 1 is characterized in that the main chip groove is a spiral groove, the angle of the spiral groove is the angle between the direction of the spiral and the milling cutter spindle, and the angle of the spiral groove is between 3 and 55 degrees, for example, 15 to 50 degrees, for example, 25 to 45 degrees.

[0010] Embodiment 3. The carbide milling cutter according to embodiment 1 is characterized in that, when multiple grooves are provided, the spacing between two adjacent grooves is 2 to 30 times, 5 to 25 times the size of the cutting edge along the circumferential blade, or the size of each groove along the circumferential blade is 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm, and the spacing between two adjacent grooves is 10 to 20 times the size of the cutting edge along the circumferential blade.

[0011] Embodiment 4. The carbide milling cutter according to embodiment 1 is characterized in that the dimension of the groove on the rake face in a direction perpendicular to the cutting edge is 0.15 mm to 3 mm or 3% to 30% of the diameter of the body portion.

[0012] Embodiment 5. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to embodiment 1, characterized in that the depth of the groove is 0.05 to 2 mm, or 0.3 to 1.5 mm.

[0013] Embodiment 6. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to embodiment 1 is characterized in that the diameter of the body portion is 1 mm to 50 mm, for example, 5 mm to 40 mm, 6 mm to 25 mm.

[0014] Embodiment 7. The carbide milling cutter according to embodiment 6 is characterized in that the depth of the groove is 0.2 to 0.8 times, for example, 0.3 to 0.6 times, the dimension of the groove on the front cutting face in a direction perpendicular to the cutting edge.

[0015] Embodiment 8. The carbide milling cutter according to embodiment 1 is characterized in that the milling cutter has multiple bottom cutting edges, each of the bottom cutting edges independently has a bottom edge front cutting edge, a bottom edge back cutting edge and a bottom edge, the bottom cutting edge is arranged corresponding to the peripheral cutting edge, the connection between the bottom cutting edge and the peripheral cutting edge is a transition edge, and a transition edge chip breaker groove is arranged at the position of the transition edge, and optionally, the transition edge is arc-shaped.

[0016] Embodiment 9. The carbide milling cutter according to embodiment 1 is characterized in that, when the groove does not pass through the peripheral cutting edge, the distance between the groove and the peripheral cutting edge is greater than or equal to 0.005 mm and less than or equal to 0.2 mm, greater than or equal to 0.006 mm and less than or equal to 0.15 mm, greater than or equal to 0.01 mm and less than or equal to 0.18 mm, greater than or equal to 0.02 mm and less than or equal to 0.17 mm, greater than or equal to 0.008 mm and less than or equal to 0.1 mm, greater than or equal to 0.009 mm and less than or equal to 0.09 mm, greater than or equal to 0.01 mm and less than or equal to 0.015 mm.

[0017] Embodiment 10. The carbide milling cutter according to embodiment 1 is characterized in that the milling cutter is one of the following: an end mill, a ball end mill, a taper milling cutter, a ball end taper milling cutter, and a drum milling cutter.

[0018] Embodiment 11. The integral carbide milling cutter according to embodiment 1 is characterized in that, when the groove does not pass through the circumferential blade edge, the groove also includes a third rake angle surface adjacent to the second rake angle surface, and the third rake angle surface forms a third rake angle of the circumferential blade, and the third rake angle of the circumferential blade is greater than the corresponding second rake angle of the circumferential blade.

[0019] The present application effectively controls the chip length by setting one or more grooves on the front cutting edge of the peripheral blade, facilitates the timely discharge of chips, reduces the friction between the tool and the workpiece, reduces the accumulation of cutting heat, and greatly improves the processing accuracy and tool life. At the same time, the grooves are set in the present application in a way that no cutting residue is left in the grooves during the milling process, or only a very small amount of cutting residue is left, which will not cause excessive wear of the tool or chipping of the back blade. While effectively controlling the cutting length, the stability of the workpiece processing is improved. In addition, the method of setting one or more grooves in the present application is very convenient for laser processing, which can bring significant performance improvements with minimal changes to the tool, thereby improving the production efficiency of the tool. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than limiting the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the solid carbide milling cutter in Example 1 of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the body portion of the solid carbide milling cutter according to Example 1 of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a partial schematic diagram of the grooves provided in the solid carbide milling cutter of Example 1 of the present application;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 1 AA section view in;

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of the middle section A (i.e., the peripheral cutting edge with grooves);

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the solid carbide milling cutter according to Example 2 of the present application;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of the body portion of the solid carbide milling cutter according to Example 2 of the present application;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a partial schematic diagram of the grooves provided in the solid carbide milling cutter of Example 2 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 9 for Figure 6 BB cross-sectional view in;

[0030] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A partial enlarged view of the middle portion B (i.e., the peripheral cutting edge with grooves);

[0031] Figure 11 for Figure 10 A partially enlarged view of the middle D portion (i.e., the edge formed by the groove of the peripheral cutting edge and the peripheral cutting edge flank);

[0032] Figure 12 This is a partial schematic diagram of the grooves provided in the solid carbide milling cutter of Example 3 of the present application;

[0033] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of setting a third front angle surface at the groove of this application.

[0034] Figure 14 This is a structural schematic diagram of a solid carbide milling cutter having a plurality of chip dividing grooves provided on the circumferential blade flank surface in a comparative example of the present application;

[0035] Figure 15 This is a structural schematic diagram of the body of a solid carbide milling cutter having a plurality of chip dividing grooves provided on the circumferential edge flank surface in a comparative example of the present application;

[0036] Figure 16 for Figure 14 Middle CC section view;

[0037] Figure 17 for Figure 16 A partial enlarged view of the middle C portion (i.e., the peripheral cutting edge with a chip dividing groove);

[0038] Figure 18 A partial enlarged view of the cutting edge where different grooves or chip grooves are set.

[0039] Description of the drawings: 100-main body part, 110-peripheral cutting edge, 111-peripheral blade rake face, 112-peripheral blade flank face, 113-peripheral blade edge, 120-main chip groove, 10-groove, 11-groove surface close to the peripheral blade edge (second rake angle surface), 12-third rake angle surface, 20-chip groove, 200-neck part, 300-handle part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0041] The present application discloses a solid carbide milling cutter with a groove on the front cutting edge, which comprises a main body part, an optional shank part for directly or indirectly connecting to a machine tool, and an optional neck part connecting the main body part and the shank part, wherein the main body part is made of solid carbide, the main body part has a plurality of peripheral cutting edges and a plurality of main chip grooves corresponding to the peripheral cutting edges, the peripheral cutting edges each independently have a peripheral cutting edge front cutting edge and a peripheral cutting edge back cutting edge, the peripheral cutting edge front cutting edge and the peripheral cutting edge back cutting edge intersect to form a peripheral cutting edge, wherein the peripheral cutting edge front cutting edge forms a peripheral cutting edge first rake angle at each location of the peripheral cutting edge, and is characterized in that one or more grooves are provided on the peripheral cutting edge front cutting edge, wherein the size of each groove along the peripheral cutting edge is 0.1 mm to 5 mm, or The distance between adjacent grooves is 0.3mm to 3mm, or 0.5mm to 25mm, or 2mm to 20mm, or 3mm to 12mm when multiple grooves are provided, wherein the groove passes through the peripheral blade edge or does not pass through the peripheral blade edge. In the case where the groove does not pass through the peripheral blade edge, the groove has a groove surface close to the peripheral blade edge, which is a second rake angle surface, so that the groove surface close to the peripheral blade edge forms a peripheral blade second rake angle, and the peripheral blade second rake angle is greater than the corresponding peripheral blade first rake angle; in the case where the groove passes through the peripheral blade edge, the groove forms a groove rake angle (i.e., the rake angle of the edge formed by the intersection of the groove and the peripheral blade back face), and the groove rake angle is between the peripheral blade first rake angle minus 25° and the peripheral blade first rake angle plus 25°. It should be noted that in the technical solution of the present application, at least one groove is provided on each peripheral cutting edge of the milling cutter.

[0042] The terms in this application have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, for example, the term "circumferential rake face" refers to the surface on the peripheral cutting edge over which chips flow, the term "circumferential flank face" refers to the surface on the peripheral cutting edge opposite to the surface produced during cutting on the workpiece, and the term "circumferential cutting edge" is the edge used for cutting chips.

[0043] The term "circumferential blade first rake angle" in this application has the same meaning as the general term "rake angle" in this field, and the two can be used interchangeably. This application uses "circumferential blade first rake angle" only for the sake of distinction. The term "circumferential blade second rake angle" in this application refers to the angle formed by the second rake angle surface within the "circumferential blade first rake angle" measurement plane. That is, the "circumferential blade first rake angle" is formed by the circumferential blade front cutting surface, and the "circumferential blade second rake angle" is formed by the groove surface of the groove close to the circumferential blade edge. For a specific selected point on the circumferential blade edge, the circumferential blade first rake angle and the circumferential blade second rake angle exist at the same time. At this time, the circumferential blade first rake angle is the corresponding circumferential blade first rake angle of the circumferential blade second rake angle of the selected point on the edge.

[0044] The term "groove rake angle" in this application refers to the rake angle of the cutting edge formed by the intersection of the groove and the flank surface of the peripheral edge when the groove passes through the cutting edge of the peripheral edge. The groove rake angle is measured in the first rake angle measurement plane of the peripheral edge.

[0045] The term "hard alloy" in this application has the usual meaning understood by those skilled in the art. In this field, hard alloy is a powder metallurgy product made of micron-sized powder of carbide (WC, TiC) of high-hardness refractory metal as the main component, cobalt (Co) or nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo) as a binder, and sintered in a vacuum furnace or a hydrogen reduction furnace. Its toughness is much higher than that of high-speed steel, about 800 to 1000 ° C, and the allowed cutting speed is about 4 to 10 times that of high-speed steel. The hardness is very high, reaching (89 to 91) HRA, and some are as high as 93 HRA; but its bending strength is 1.1 to 1.5 GPa, which is only half of that of high-speed steel; the impact toughness is 0.04 MJ / m 2 About, less than 1 / 25 to 1 / 10 of high-speed steel. Due to its good heat resistance and wear resistance, it is increasingly used in cutting tools with less complicated blade shapes. The cemented carbide described in this application includes one selected from the following: for example, tungsten-cobalt (WC-Co) cemented carbide, tungsten-titanium-cobalt (WC-Ti-Co) cemented carbide, tungsten-titanium-tantalum (niobium) (WC-TaC (NbC)-Co) cemented carbide, tungsten-titanium-cobalt-tantalum (niobium) (WC-Ti C-TaC (NbC)-Co) cemented carbide and other cemented carbides with WC as the matrix, or TiC-based cemented carbide, fine-grained and ultrafine-grained cemented carbide, steel-bonded cemented carbide, coated cemented carbide, etc.

[0046] In this application, the terms "residual cutting" and "residual cutting depth" have the same meaning and refer to the reduction in cutting depth of a cutting edge after a portion of the cutting edge of the tool has been modified relative to the original cutting depth. For multi-blade rotary tools, the residual cutting depth of one cutting edge is removed by the next cutting edge.

[0047] The present application defines "one or more grooves are provided on the front cutting edge of the circumferential blade". The grooves on the front cutting edge can play a chip breaking role. By controlling the distance between two adjacent grooves, the cutting length can be effectively controlled and adjusted, thereby improving the stability of workpiece processing, facilitating timely discharge of chips and heat dissipation, reducing friction between the tool and the workpiece, reducing cutting heat accumulation, and greatly improving processing accuracy and tool life.

[0048] In this application, the groove arranged on the front blade face may pass through the peripheral blade edge or not pass through the peripheral blade edge. "Passing through the peripheral blade edge" means that the groove extends to the rear blade face of the peripheral blade, thereby changing the original peripheral blade edge. "Not passing through the peripheral blade edge" means that the groove is only arranged on the front blade face of the peripheral blade and does not change the peripheral blade edge.

[0049] In the case where the groove does not pass through the peripheral cutting edge, the groove has a groove surface adjacent to the peripheral cutting edge and forms a second peripheral cutting edge rake angle that is greater than the corresponding first peripheral cutting edge rake angle. For example, the second peripheral cutting edge rake angle is greater than the first peripheral cutting edge rake angle by 3 to 45 degrees, for example, 5 to 35 degrees, for example, 6 to 30 degrees, for example, 8 to 25 degrees, for example, 10 to 20 degrees. This can produce chip breaking without damaging the original cutting edge. In this case, the provision of the chip breaking groove does not change the chip shape of the original cutting edge, and no additional cutting amount is left on the trailing edge, resulting in high machining accuracy and suitable for fine machining.

[0050] In some embodiments, the second rake angle of the peripheral edge is at least 3°, at least 5°, at least 10°, at least 20°, at least 25°, at least 30° or at least 35° greater than the corresponding first rake angle of the peripheral edge.

[0051] In the case where the groove passes through the peripheral blade edge, the groove and the peripheral blade back surface jointly form a groove rake angle. The present application defines the groove rake angle as between the peripheral blade first rake angle minus 25° and the peripheral blade first rake angle plus 25°, for example, between the peripheral blade first rake angle minus 15° and the peripheral blade first rake angle plus 20°, for example, between the peripheral blade first rake angle minus 5° and the peripheral blade first rake angle plus 15°, for example, between the peripheral blade first rake angle minus 0° and the peripheral blade first rake angle plus 10°, for example, between the peripheral blade first rake angle plus 0° and the peripheral blade first rake angle plus 15°, for example, between the peripheral blade first rake angle plus 5° and the peripheral blade first rake angle plus 25°. A new cutting edge with a groove rake angle is formed by the groove passing through the cutting edge of the peripheral blade. When the groove rake angle is small (for example, the first rake angle of the peripheral blade minus 25°), it is still possible to ensure that the cutting resistance does not increase significantly while breaking chips. When the groove rake angle is close to or greater than the first rake angle of the peripheral blade, the new cutting edge can achieve cutting and chip breaking. Moreover, the amount of cutting residue under this setting is almost negligible, leaving only a very small amount of additional cutting, which will not cause the rear edge to break. Because the cutting residual depth under this setting depends on the clearance angle of the rear blade and the size of the groove on the rear blade in the direction perpendicular to the cutting edge, even if a larger groove is set, the cutting residual depth is still very small, which is suitable for semi-finishing and rough machining. It should be noted that when each cutting edge has a corresponding groove, the grooves passing through the cutting edge of the peripheral blade can be staggered or not in the tool axial direction between the cutting edges. In the case of a staggered setting, the machining accuracy is higher.

[0052] In comparison, in the prior art, a chip groove is set on the back face of the cutting tool. In order to achieve the effect of chip rolling and chip separation, its size cannot be too small. However, in the prior art, when a chip groove is set on the back face of the cutting tool, a larger chip groove size will inevitably bring about a large amount of cutting residue, reduce the processing accuracy, and easily cause the back edge to break.

[0053] In this application, the size of each groove along the circumferential cutting edge and the spacing between adjacent grooves are measured on the circumferential cutting edge rake face adjacent to the cutting edge, in the direction extending along the circumferential cutting edge. This application further defines the groove size and spacing, which not only provides excellent chip breaking and effectively controls chip size, but also greatly facilitates machining without significantly increasing tool processing costs. Those skilled in the art can adjust the groove size and spacing appropriately based on cutting conditions.

[0054] In some embodiments, the main chip groove is a spiral groove, and the angle of the spiral groove is the angle between the direction of the spiral and the milling cutter spindle. The angle of the spiral groove is between 3 and 55 degrees, for example, 15 to 50 degrees, for example, 25 to 45 degrees.

[0055] In some embodiments, when multiple grooves are provided, the spacing between two adjacent grooves is 2 to 30 times, or 5 to 25 times, the size of the circumferential cutting edge. Alternatively, the size of each groove along the circumferential cutting edge is 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm, and the spacing between two adjacent grooves is 10 to 20 times the size of the circumferential cutting edge. By adjusting the groove size and the groove spacing, chip length can be controlled, thereby improving tool life.

[0056] In some embodiments, the dimension of the groove on the rake face in a direction perpendicular to the cutting edge is 0.15 mm to 3 mm or 3% to 30% of the body diameter. In this application, the body diameter refers to the diameter of the maximum outer circle of the peripheral cutting edge when the milling cutter is working.

[0057] In some embodiments 5, the depth of the groove is 0.05 to 2 mm, or 0.3 to 1.5 mm. In the present application, the depth of the groove is measured in a direction perpendicular to the rake surface of the peripheral edge.

[0058] In some embodiments 6, the diameter of the body portion is 1 mm to 50 mm, such as 5 mm to 40 mm, 6 mm to 25 mm.

[0059] In some embodiments, the depth of the groove is 0.2 to 0.8 times, for example, 0.3 to 0.6 times, the dimension of the groove on the rake face in a direction perpendicular to the cutting edge.

[0060] In some embodiments, the milling cutter has multiple bottom cutting edges, each of which independently has a bottom cutting edge front cutting edge, a bottom cutting edge back cutting edge and a bottom cutting edge. The bottom cutting edge is arranged corresponding to the peripheral cutting edge, and the connection between the bottom cutting edge and the peripheral cutting edge is a transition edge. A transition edge chip breaker groove is arranged at the position of the transition edge. Optionally, the transition edge is arc-shaped.

[0061] The transition edge chip breaker groove can also play a chip breaking role, and at the same time can also improve the sharpness of the transition edge, reduce cutting resistance, and increase the life of the transition edge part.

[0062] In some embodiments, when the groove does not pass through the peripheral cutting edge, the distance between the groove and the peripheral cutting edge is greater than or equal to 0.005 mm and less than or equal to 0.2 mm, greater than or equal to 0.006 mm and less than or equal to 0.15 mm, greater than or equal to 0.01 mm and less than or equal to 0.18 mm, greater than or equal to 0.02 mm and less than or equal to 0.17 mm, greater than or equal to 0.008 mm and less than or equal to 0.1 mm, greater than or equal to 0.009 mm and less than or equal to 0.09 mm, greater than or equal to 0.01 mm and less than or equal to 0.015 mm.

[0063] In some embodiments, the milling cutter is one of the following: an end mill, a ball end mill, a taper mill, a ball end taper mill, or a drum mill.

[0064] In some embodiments, when the groove does not pass through the edge of the peripheral blade, the groove further includes a third rake angle surface adjacent to the second rake angle surface, the third rake angle surface forms a third rake angle of the peripheral blade, and the third rake angle of the peripheral blade is greater than the corresponding second rake angle of the peripheral blade.

[0065] The term "tertiary rake angle" in this application refers to the angle formed by the tertiary rake surface within the measurement plane of the "primary rake angle." For a specific point on the cutting edge, the primary rake angle, the secondary rake angle, and the tertiary rake angle all exist simultaneously. The tertiary rake angle corresponds to the tertiary rake angle at that point on the cutting edge.

[0066] By providing the auxiliary chip groove with the third rake angle of the peripheral blade, the chip flow direction can be effectively guided, the cutting resistance can be reduced, the cutting temperature can be lowered, the friction between the chips and the peripheral blade rake surface can be effectively suppressed, the chip removal efficiency can be improved, and the tool life can be further prolonged.

[0067] The preparation method of the milling cutter in the prior art is known to those skilled in the art and includes the following steps: 1. calculating the shape of the milling cutter according to actual needs and selecting a suitable cemented carbide rod; 2. starting from the cemented carbide rod, the cemented carbide rod is ground to form a blank of the milling cutter; 3. forming a semi-finished product of the milling cutter by fine grinding; 4. PVD coating the semi-finished product to form a finished product of the milling cutter.

[0068] A method for preparing a milling cutter in the present application mainly involves machining grooves on the basis of the semi-finished product, and then performing PVD coating on the semi-finished product with the grooves.

[0069] In some embodiments, the grooves are prepared using a processing method that does not cause thermal damage.

[0070] In some embodiments, the groove is prepared by a femtosecond pulse laser processing method. The groove described in the present application can be prepared by femtosecond pulse laser processing and forming, for example, a precision CNC laser machine purchased from DMG Mori Seiki Machine Tool Trading Co., Ltd. under the trade name LASERTEC 50Shape can be used. It is generally believed that laser processing and forming will deteriorate the performance of cemented carbide. For example, picosecond and nanosecond processing will cause thermal damage, forming a thermal damage layer in the groove area, damaging the tool, and the surface finish is very poor. Not only can it not meet the finishing requirements, but the tool life is sharply reduced. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the reason for the generation of such a thermal damage layer is that the high temperature generated during the processing causes the cemented carbide to oxidize, the microstructure in the alloy changes, and the hardness and wear resistance are reduced. This can be clearly found by comparing the life of the tool with that without the thermal damage layer. The life of the tool with the thermal damage layer is often less than half of the tool without the thermal damage layer, and some even deteriorate to one-fifth of the normal life or even shorter. Femtosecond pulse laser processing, due to its extremely high speed, does not cause thermal damage, and can achieve a surface finish of 0.1-0.2nm, even mirror-like, making it suitable for precision machining. By creating grooves, chip size can be precisely controlled, facilitating timely chip removal, reducing friction between the tool and the workpiece, and minimizing cutting heat accumulation. This helps increase machining speed, improve machining efficiency, and enhance machining accuracy and tool life, achieving high-precision, flexible, and efficient machining.

[0071] The above ranges can be used alone or in combination. The present application can be more easily understood through the following examples.

[0072] Example

[0073] Example 1

[0074] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment discloses a solid carbide milling cutter with grooves on the front cutting edge, which includes a main body part 100, a shank part 300 for directly or indirectly connecting to a machine tool, and a neck part 200 connecting the main body part and the shank part, wherein the main body part is made of solid carbide, the main body part has four peripheral cutting edges 110 and four main chip grooves 120 corresponding to the peripheral cutting edges, the main chip grooves are spiral grooves, and the angle of the spiral grooves is 20 degrees.

[0075] Figure 2It is a partial schematic diagram of the main body part, and the peripheral cutting edge 110 independently has a peripheral blade rake face 111 and a peripheral blade flank face 112, and the peripheral blade rake face and the peripheral blade flank face intersect to form a peripheral blade edge 113, wherein the peripheral blade rake face forms a peripheral blade first rake angle at each location of the peripheral blade edge, and is characterized in that a plurality of grooves 10 are provided on the peripheral blade rake face.

[0076] Figure 3 A partial schematic diagram of the groove 10 is shown. As shown in the figure, the groove does not pass the peripheral cutting edge 113, and the distance between the groove and the peripheral cutting edge is about 0.07 mm. The size of each groove along the peripheral cutting edge is 1 mm, and the distance between two adjacent grooves is 8 mm.

[0077] The dimension of the groove on the rake face in a direction perpendicular to the cutting edge is 0.8 mm.

[0078] The depth of the groove is 0.5 mm. Figure 3 The figure shows the dimensions of the groove along the circumferential cutting edge, which is the dimension marked a in the figure, as well as the dimension of the groove on the rake face perpendicular to the cutting edge, which is the dimension marked b in the figure, and the spacing between two adjacent grooves, which is the dimension marked c in the figure. The diameter of the main body is 12 mm.

[0079] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The AA cross-sectional view is a cross-sectional view along one of the grooves. Figure 5 for Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of the middle A part (i.e., the peripheral cutting edge with a groove), the groove 10 has a groove surface 11 (i.e., the second rake angle surface) close to the peripheral blade edge, so that the groove surface close to the peripheral blade edge forms a peripheral blade second rake angle, and the peripheral blade second rake angle is greater than the corresponding peripheral blade first rake angle. Figure 5 The angle α is the first rake angle of the circumferential blade formed by the rake face of the cutting edge at the section viewpoint, and the angle β is the second rake angle of the circumferential blade formed by the groove surface close to the cutting edge. The first rake angle α is 3 degrees, and the second rake angle β is 30 degrees.

[0080] Setting grooves can effectively control chip length, improve workpiece processing stability, facilitate timely chip discharge and heat dissipation, reduce friction between the tool and the workpiece, reduce cutting heat accumulation, and greatly improve processing accuracy and tool life. Since setting grooves does not change the chip shape of the original cutting edge, the cutting residual depth is 0, and no additional cutting amount is left on the rear blade, the processing accuracy is high and it is suitable for fine processing.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] like Figures 6 to 8As shown, this embodiment discloses a solid carbide milling cutter with grooves on the front cutting edge, which includes a main body part 100, a shank part 300 for directly or indirectly connecting to a machine tool, and a neck part 200 connecting the main body part and the shank part, wherein the main body part is made of solid carbide, the main body part has four peripheral cutting edges 110 and four main chip grooves 120 corresponding to the peripheral cutting edges, the main chip grooves are spiral grooves, and the angle of the spiral grooves is 20 degrees.

[0083] Figure 7 It is a partial schematic diagram of the main body part, and the peripheral cutting edge 110 independently has a peripheral blade rake face 111 and a peripheral blade flank face 112, and the peripheral blade rake face and the peripheral blade flank face intersect to form a peripheral blade edge 113, wherein the peripheral blade rake face forms a peripheral blade first rake angle at each location of the peripheral blade edge, and is characterized in that a plurality of grooves 10 are provided on the peripheral blade rake face.

[0084] Figure 8 A partial schematic diagram of the groove 10 is shown, wherein the groove passes through the peripheral cutting edge 113, the dimension of each groove along the peripheral cutting edge is 1 mm, the spacing between two adjacent grooves is 8 mm, and the dimension of the groove on the rake face perpendicular to the cutting edge is 1.6 mm.

[0085] The depth of the groove is 0.4 mm. The diameter of the body is 12 mm.

[0086] Figure 9 for Figure 6 The BB cross-sectional view is a cross-sectional view along one of the grooves. Figure 10 for Figure 9 A partial enlarged view of section B (i.e., the peripheral cutting edge with the groove) shows the groove edge formed by the intersection of the groove and the flank face. This groove edge has a rake angle greater than the first rake angle. The angle α shown in the figure is the first rake angle of the peripheral edge formed by the rake face of the cutting edge at the cutting viewpoint (the first rake angle α in the figure is translated to the groove edge), and the angle γ is the rake angle of the cutting edge formed by the intersection of the groove and the flank face. The first rake angle α is 3 degrees, and the rake angle γ is 20 degrees.

[0087] Figure 11 for Figure 10A partial enlargement of section D (i.e., the edge formed by the groove passing the circumferential cutting edge and the circumferential blade flank). The angle θ in the figure is the design angle of the circumferential blade flank clearance, typically between 5 and 15 degrees. h is the dimension of the groove passing the circumferential cutting edge on the flank face perpendicular to the cutting edge. The dashed line in the figure shows the cutting edge without a groove. After the groove passing the circumferential cutting edge is provided, the distance the groove edge formed by the intersection of the groove and the circumferential blade flank moves on the flank face is the distance shown in the figure, which is the dimension of the groove on the flank face perpendicular to the cutting edge. Compared with the cutting of a cutting edge without a groove or a groove without a peripheral cutting edge, the cutting residual depth of the groove with a peripheral cutting edge in this embodiment is the dimension marked by d in the figure. The cutting residual depth d and the groove size h and the angle θ satisfy the following relationship: d = h·sinθ. Since the clearance design angle of the back cutting edge generally does not exceed 15 degrees, a larger groove size will still only leave a very small amount of cutting residual.

[0088] The grooves can play a chip-breaking role. By controlling the distance between two adjacent grooves, the cutting length can be effectively controlled and adjusted, thereby improving the stability of workpiece processing, facilitating timely discharge of chips and heat dissipation, reducing friction between the tool and the workpiece, and reducing cutting heat accumulation. Under larger groove sizes, the cutting residual depth is still very small, and the back edge will not be chipped, thereby increasing the tool life and being suitable for semi-finishing and roughing.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] This embodiment discloses a solid carbide milling cutter with grooves on the rake face, which is substantially identical to the milling cutter in Example 2. The grooves extend through the peripheral cutting edge, each measuring 1 mm along the peripheral cutting edge, and the spacing between adjacent grooves is 5 mm. The grooves have a 2 mm dimension along the rake face perpendicular to the cutting edge. The grooves have a depth of 0.2 mm. The body has a diameter of 12 mm.

[0091] Figure 12The figure is a partial schematic diagram of a milling cutter provided with a peripheral cutting edge of a groove 10. As shown in the figure, the groove intersects with the flank face of the peripheral blade to form a cutting edge. The rake angle of the cutting edge is the groove rake angle, and the groove rake angle is the first rake angle of the peripheral blade minus 17°. The dotted line portion in the figure shows a cutting edge without a groove. The angle α shown in the figure is the first rake angle of the peripheral blade formed by the rake face of the peripheral blade (the first rake angle α of the peripheral blade in the figure is translated to the groove cutting edge), and the angle γ is the groove rake angle of the cutting edge formed by the intersection of the groove and the flank face. The first rake angle α of the peripheral blade is 5 degrees, and the groove rake angle is -12 degrees. The dotted line portion in the figure shows the cutting edge when the groove is not provided. Consistent with Example 2, the cutting residual depth is still very small. The groove rake angle of -12 degrees can still ensure that the groove plays a chip breaking role. The groove mainly plays a chip-breaking role and still has all the advantages of Example 2. In addition, since the groove rake angle is negative, the impact resistance is strong, and this product is more suitable for processing high-hardness materials and difficult-to-process materials.

[0092] Example 4

[0093] like Figure 13 As shown, this embodiment discloses another integral carbide milling cutter, which is basically the same as Example 1, except that the groove 10 also includes a third rake angle surface 12 adjacent to the second rake angle surface 11, and the third rake angle surface forms a third rake angle of the peripheral blade, and the third rake angle of the peripheral blade is greater than the corresponding second rake angle of the peripheral blade.

[0094] Figure 13 This is a partial enlarged view of the edge of the peripheral cutting edge with a groove, showing the first rake angle α, the second rake angle β, and the third rake angle γ of the peripheral edge. In the same measuring plane, the first rake angle α of the peripheral edge is formed by the peripheral edge rake face and is 5 degrees. The second rake angle of the peripheral edge is formed by the groove surface close to the peripheral edge (i.e., the second rake angle surface 11) and is 28 degrees. The third rake angle γ of the peripheral edge is formed by the third rake angle surface 12 and is 35 degrees.

[0095] Example 4 is provided with a secondary chip groove having the third rake angle of the peripheral blade, which can effectively guide the chip flow direction, reduce cutting resistance, lower cutting temperature, effectively inhibit the friction between the chips and the front cutting edge of the peripheral blade, improve chip removal efficiency, and further improve tool life on the basis of Examples 1 to 3.

[0096] Comparative Example

[0097] like Figures 14 to 17As shown, this comparative example is a milling cutter with a chip groove in the prior art, which includes a main body part 100, a shank part 300 for directly or indirectly connecting to a machine tool, and a neck part 200 connecting the main body part and the shank part, wherein the main body part is made of solid carbide, the main body part has four peripheral cutting edges 110 and four main chip grooves 120 corresponding to the peripheral cutting edges, the main chip grooves are spiral grooves, and the angle of the spiral grooves is 20 degrees.

[0098] Figure 15 It is a partial schematic diagram of the main body part, and the peripheral cutting edge 110 independently has a peripheral blade front cutting surface 111 and a peripheral blade back cutting surface 112, and the peripheral blade front cutting surface and the peripheral blade back cutting surface intersect to form a peripheral blade edge 113, wherein the peripheral blade front cutting surface forms a peripheral blade first front angle at each position of the peripheral blade edge, and a plurality of chip grooves 20 are arranged on the peripheral blade back cutting surface 112.

[0099] Figure 16 for Figure 14 The CC cross-sectional view is a cross-sectional view along one of the chip grooves 20. Figure 17 for Figure 16 A partial enlarged view of the middle C section (i.e., the peripheral cutting edge with a chip dividing groove). Figure 17 The dotted line in the figure shows the cutting edge without the chip groove. As shown in the figure, in the prior art, the chip groove is provided on the back face. Although the chip formation, curling and discharge during the milling process can be improved, it also brings about a large amount of cutting residue, and the cutting residue depth is Figure 17 The dimension marked with I in the figure. At a specific feed per tooth, creating a chip groove on the flank face will produce a larger amount of residual cutting. That is, the chip groove in the prior art leaves a higher amount of cutting on the flank cutting edge, affecting the tool stability during the cutting process, thereby affecting the machining accuracy, and easily causing chipping of the flank edge, resulting in excessive tool wear and shortening the tool life.

[0100] Figure 18 From left to right, partial schematic diagrams of the cutting edge are shown in the following cases: no groove is set, groove is set without exceeding the circumferential cutting edge (Example 1), groove is set with exceeding the circumferential cutting edge (Example 2), and chip groove is set on the back cutting edge (comparison example). The figure shows the changes in the cutting edge under different settings. It can be seen that the method of setting grooves on the front cutting edge of the present application will not leave cutting residues in the grooves during the milling process, or will only leave a very small amount of cutting residues, which will not cause excessive wear of the tool or chipping of the latter cutting edge due to increased processing volume. While effectively controlling the cutting length, the stability of the workpiece processing is improved.

[0101] Cutting test

[0102] Metal cutting tests were conducted using the solid carbide milling cutters of Examples 1 and 2 of the present application. A solid carbide milling cutter in the comparative example, which had a chip groove on the flank face, served as Control 1, and a solid carbide milling cutter without a chip groove served as Control 2. The materials used were titanium alloy, nickel-based alloy, aluminum alloy, and stainless steel, respectively. The workpieces were 100 mm by 50 mm by 25 mm internal cavities. The trials were conducted using a Hammer C42 lathe. SF15 water-soluble cutting fluid from Anmei Technology Co., Ltd. was used as the cutting fluid.

[0103] The processing conditions of different processing materials are as follows:

[0104] Table 1 Titanium alloy processing conditions

[0105]

[0106] Table 2 Processing of nickel-based alloys

[0107]

[0108] Table 3 Aluminum alloy processing conditions

[0109]

[0110] Table 4 Stainless steel processing

[0111]

[0112] It can be seen from the data in the above table that, compared with the chip splitters in the prior art, by setting grooves, the cutting length can be effectively controlled and adjusted, the stability of workpiece processing can be improved, the chips can be discharged and heat can be dissipated in time, the friction between the tool and the workpiece can be reduced, and the accumulation of cutting heat can be reduced. The tool's processing line speed, feed per tooth, processing life, and product surface finish are all improved to varying degrees.

[0113] The product of Example 3 has been tested and has the same technical effect as Example 2. In addition, the product of Example 3 is particularly suitable for processing heat-treated materials with high hardness (Rockwell hardness greater than HR40).

[0114] The foregoing description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure. The scope of protection of the present disclosure is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solid carbide milling cutter with a groove on the rake face, comprising a body portion, an optional shank portion for direct or indirect connection with a machine tool, and an optional neck portion connecting the body portion and the shank portion, wherein the body portion is made of solid carbide. The main body portion has a plurality of peripheral cutting edges and a plurality of main chip grooves corresponding to the peripheral cutting edges, the peripheral cutting edges each independently having a peripheral cutting edge rake surface and a peripheral cutting edge flank surface, the peripheral cutting edge rake surface and the peripheral cutting edge flank surface intersecting to form a peripheral cutting edge, wherein the peripheral cutting edge rake surface forms a peripheral cutting edge first rake angle at each location of the peripheral cutting edge, characterized in that: A plurality of grooves are provided on the circumferential blade rake face, wherein the size of each groove along the circumferential blade edge is 0.1 mm to 5 mm, and the spacing between two adjacent grooves is 0.5 mm to 25 mm, wherein the grooves do not pass the circumferential blade edge. The groove has a groove surface close to the peripheral blade edge, which is a second rake angle surface, so that the groove surface close to the peripheral blade edge forms a peripheral blade second rake angle, and the peripheral blade second rake angle is greater than the corresponding peripheral blade first rake angle. The distance between two adjacent grooves is 5 to 25 times the size of the cutting edge along the circumferential edge. The distance between the groove and the cutting edge of the peripheral blade is greater than or equal to 0.005 mm and less than or equal to 0.2 mm.

2. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main chip groove is a spiral groove, and the angle of the spiral groove is the angle between the spiral direction and the milling cutter spindle. The angle of the spiral groove is between 3 and 55 degrees.

3. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dimension of the groove on the rake face in a direction perpendicular to the cutting edge is 0.15 mm to 3 mm or 3% to 30% of the diameter of the body portion.

4. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that The depth of the groove is 0.05 to 2 mm.

5. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The body portion has a diameter of 1 mm to 50 mm.

6. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the groove is 0.2 to 0.8 times the dimension of the groove on the rake face in a direction perpendicular to the cutting edge.

7. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The milling cutter has multiple bottom cutting edges, each of which independently has a bottom cutting edge rake face, a bottom cutting edge flank face and a bottom cutting edge. The bottom cutting edge is arranged corresponding to the peripheral cutting edge. The connection between the bottom cutting edge and the peripheral cutting edge is a transition edge. A transition edge chip breaker groove is arranged at the position of the transition edge. Optionally, the transition edge is arc-shaped.

8. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The milling cutter is one of the following: an end mill, a ball end mill, a taper milling cutter, a ball end taper milling cutter, and a drum milling cutter.

9. The solid carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The groove further includes a third rake face adjacent to the second rake face, wherein the third rake face forms a third rake angle of the peripheral edge, and the third rake angle of the peripheral edge is greater than the corresponding second rake angle of the peripheral edge.

10. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of each groove along the circumferential edge is 0.2 mm to 4 mm.

11. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of each groove along the circumferential edge is 0.3 mm to 3 mm.

12. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent grooves is 2 mm to 20 mm.

13. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that The distance between two adjacent grooves is 3 mm to 12 mm.

14. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle of the spiral groove is between 15 degrees and 50 degrees.

15. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The angle of the spiral groove is between 25 degrees and 45 degrees.

16. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that The size of the circumferential cutting edge of each groove is 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm, and the distance between two adjacent grooves is 10 to 20 times the size of the circumferential cutting edge.

17. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that The depth of the groove is 0.3 to 1.5 mm.

18. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that The diameter of the body portion is 5 mm to 40 mm.

19. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the body portion is 6 mm to 25 mm.

20. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein The depth of the groove is 0.3 to 0.6 times the dimension of the groove on the rake face in a direction perpendicular to the cutting edge.

21. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, wherein The distance between the groove and the cutting edge of the peripheral blade is greater than or equal to 0.006 mm and less than or equal to 0.15 mm.

22. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that The distance between the groove and the cutting edge of the peripheral blade is greater than or equal to 0.01 mm and less than or equal to 0.18 mm.

23. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that The distance between the groove and the cutting edge of the peripheral blade is greater than or equal to 0.02 mm and less than or equal to 0.17 mm.

24. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that The distance between the groove and the cutting edge of the peripheral blade is greater than or equal to 0.008 mm and less than or equal to 0.1 mm.

25. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that The distance between the groove and the cutting edge of the peripheral blade is greater than or equal to 0.009 mm and less than or equal to 0.09 mm.

26. The cemented carbide milling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that The distance between the groove and the cutting edge of the peripheral blade is greater than or equal to 0.01 mm and less than or equal to 0.015 mm.

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