A swine immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a pig immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts, belonging to the technical field of feeds. On the basis of the basic components, the feed of the present invention also adds a composite extract of plantain and selfheal, a composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, and eucommia leaf extract. The composite extract of plantain and selfheal is obtained by successively fermenting the whole plant of plantain and the whole plant of selfheal with Lactobacillus cellobiosus and Pediococcus acidilactici, and then successively subjecting them to enzymatic hydrolysis with trypsin and nattokinase step by step; the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves is obtained by successively fermenting the whole plant of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves with Lactobacillus cellobiosus and Bacteroides ruminicola, and then successively subjecting them to enzymatic hydrolysis with snail protease and trypsin step by step; the eucommia leaf extract is obtained by successively subjecting eucommia leaves to enzymatic hydrolysis with hemicellulase, bromelain, and nattokinase step by step. The extract contains immune-enhancing active ingredients, and when used in combination with the basic feed, it can enhance the immunity of pigs, effectively reduce diarrhea, and reduce the risk of disease.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a pig immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As one of the main meat consumer products globally, the quality and safety of pork are directly related to people's health. And the immune strength of pigs is a key factor affecting pork quality and breeding efficiency. In the past, traditional pig feeds mainly focused on meeting the growth needs of pigs, providing sufficient energy and nutrients to promote the weight gain of pigs. However, this single goal often ignored the development and maintenance of the pig immune system.

[0003] In recent years, with the changes in the breeding environment and the frequent occurrence of various diseases, the limitations of traditional pig feeds have become increasingly prominent. On the one hand, the high-density breeding mode makes the pig population more vulnerable to pathogen attacks. In a narrow space, pigs have frequent contact with each other, and once a disease occurs, it is very easy to spread rapidly, bringing huge economic losses to farmers. On the other hand, unreasonable feed formulations may lead to nutritional imbalances in pigs, thus affecting the normal function of their immune systems. For example, the lack of certain key vitamins, minerals or amino acids may reduce the immunity of pigs and increase the risk of disease.

[0004] The immune system of pigs is a complex network composed of various cells and molecules, which work together to resist the invasion of pathogens. And the nutritional components in feeds can directly or indirectly affect the immune system of pigs. For example, certain vitamins and minerals such as vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, etc. have antioxidant effects and can protect immune cells from damage by free radicals; proteins and amino acids are important components of immune molecules such as immunoglobulins; probiotics and prebiotics can regulate the intestinal flora and enhance intestinal immune function.

[0005] In today's livestock breeding industry, the development of pig feeds plays a crucial role in pig breeding. With the continuous increase in people's attention to food safety and animal health, the research and application of immune-enhancing pig feeds have gradually become the focus. For example, genetic engineering technology, biological fermentation technology, etc. are used to prepare feed components rich in specific nutritional components to enhance the immunity of pigs.

[0006] Facing the increasingly deteriorating environment and continuously evolving viruses, the existing pig feeds have uneven effects in enhancing immunity, generally with poor immunity improvement effects and high prevalence rates. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously develop and improve technologies, improve feed efficacy, reduce livestock breeding risks, improve breeding efficiency, ensure the quality and safety of pork, and contribute to the sustainable development of the livestock industry. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the problem that the effects of existing pig feeds in enhancing immunity are uneven and the general immunity improvement effect is not good. The present invention provides a pig immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts and a preparation method thereof. On the basis of the basic feed, a composite extract of plantain and prunella vulgaris prepared by a special method, a composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, and eucommia ulmoides leaf extract are also added. When various extracts are used in combination with the basic feed, it can well enhance the immunity of pigs, effectively reduce diarrhea, and reduce the risk of disease. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0008] A pig immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts, the feed comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.5 part - 1.5 parts of a composite extract of plantain and prunella vulgaris, 0.5 part - 1.5 parts of a composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, 0.1 part - 0.3 part of eucommia ulmoides leaf extract, 60 parts - 65 parts of corn flour, 15 parts - 25 parts of soybean meal powder, 3 parts - 17 parts of wheat bran powder, 0 part - 5 parts of fish meal, 0 part - 1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0 part - 5 parts of whey powder.

[0009] The composite extract of plantain and prunella vulgaris is: the whole plant of plantain and the whole plant of prunella vulgaris are successively fermented by lactobacillus cellobiosus and pediococcus acidilactici, and then successively enzymatically hydrolyzed by trypsin and nattokinase to obtain a product; the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves is: the whole plant of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves are successively fermented by lactobacillus cellobiosus and ruminococcus gnavus, and then successively enzymatically hydrolyzed by snail protease and trypsin to obtain a product; the eucommia ulmoides leaf extract is: eucommia ulmoides leaves are successively enzymatically hydrolyzed by hemicellulase, bromelain, and nattokinase to obtain a product.

[0010] In the above feed, the feed further comprises 0 part - 4 parts of a premix, and the premix comprises vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, mold inhibitors, and flavoring agents.

[0011] In the above feed, the preparation method of the composite extract of plantain and prunella vulgaris comprises the following steps:

[0012] By mass ratio, plantain: selfheal = (5 - 10):(3 - 5). Mix the whole plant of plantain and the whole plant of selfheal, and pulverize to obtain a base material. Add water with a mass 10 - 15 times that of the base material to the base material, add glucose accounting for 3% - 5% of the mass of the base material, peptone accounting for 0.3% - 0.8% of the mass of the base material, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.03% - 0.05% of the mass of the base material, adjust the pH to 6.0 - 6.4, add Lactobacillus cellobiosus accounting for 1% - 2.5% of the mass of the base material, Pediococcus acidilactici accounting for 0.5% - 1% of the mass of the base material, perform spray fermentation at 30°C - 35°C for 25h - 30h, adjust the pH to 8 - 8.5, add trypsin accounting for 0.5% - 1% of the mass of the base material, perform enzymatic hydrolysis at 35°C - 37°C for 40min - 60min, then add nattokinase accounting for 0.5% - 1% of the mass of the base material, perform enzymatic hydrolysis at 45°C - 55°C for 60min - 90min, adjust the pH to 6.5 - 7.5, screen, take the material under the sieve, perform centrifugal separation, take the solid, and dry to obtain the composite extract of plantain and selfheal.

[0013] In the above feed, the preparation method of the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves comprises the following steps:

[0014] By mass ratio, purslane: sweet potato vine leaves = (1 - 3):(5 - 15). Mix the whole plant of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, and pulverize to obtain a base material. Add water with a mass 10 - 15 times that of the base material to the base material, add glucose accounting for 3% - 5% of the mass of the base material, peptone accounting for 0.3% - 0.8% of the mass of the base material, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.03% - 0.05% of the mass of the base material, adjust the pH to 6.0 - 6.4, add Lactobacillus cellobiosus accounting for 1% - 2.5% of the mass of the base material, perform spray fermentation at 30°C - 35°C for 20h - 24h, adjust the pH to 6.0 - 7.0, add Bacteroides ruminicola accounting for 0.5% - 1% of the mass of the base material, perform anaerobic fermentation at 39°C - 41°C for 15h - 20h, adjust the pH to 5.5 - 6.5, add snail protease accounting for 0.5% - 1.5% of the mass of the base material, perform enzymatic hydrolysis at 35°C - 40°C for 50min - 80min, then adjust the pH to 8 - 8.5, add trypsin accounting for 0.5% - 1% of the mass of the base material, perform enzymatic hydrolysis at 35°C - 37°C for 40min - 60min, adjust the pH to 6.5 - 7.5, screen, take the material under the sieve, perform centrifugal separation, take the solid, and dry to obtain the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves.

[0015] In the above feed, the preparation method of the eucommia ulmoides leaf extract comprises the following steps:

[0016] Crush Eucommia ulmoides leaves, add water with a mass 8 to 10 times that of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, adjust the pH to 4.5 - 5.5, add hemicellulase at 0.5% - 2% of the mass of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 50°C - 55°C for 3h - 4h, adjust the pH to 6.5 - 8.0, add bromelain at 0.5% - 2% of the mass of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 50°C - 55°C for 50min - 80min, inactivate the enzyme at 80°C - 85°C for 10min - 15min, after cooling to room temperature, adjust the pH to 8 - 8.5, add nattokinase at 0.5% - 1% of the mass of the base material, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 45°C - 55°C for 60min - 90min, adjust the pH to 6.5 - 7.5, screen, take the material under the sieve, carry out centrifugal separation, take the solid, and dry to obtain the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract.

[0017] In the preparation method of the above-mentioned composite extract of Plantago asiatica and Prunella vulgaris, the viable count of Lactobacillus cellobiosus is 1 billion CFU / g - 5 billion CFU / g; the viable count of Pediococcus acidilactici is 1 billion CFU / g - 5 billion CFU / g; the enzyme activity of trypsin is 100,000 U / g - 500,000 U / g; the enzyme activity of nattokinase is 10,000 U / g - 100,000 U / g.

[0018] In the preparation method of the above-mentioned composite extract of Portulaca oleracea and Ipomoea batatas leaves, the viable count of Lactobacillus cellobiosus is 1 billion CFU / g - 3 billion CFU / g; the viable count of Bacteroides ruminicola is 1 billion CFU / g - 5 billion CFU / g; the enzyme activity of snail protease is 5,000 U / g - 10,000 U / g; the enzyme activity of trypsin is 100,000 U / g - 300,000 U / g.

[0019] In the preparation method of the above-mentioned Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract, the enzyme activity of hemicellulase is 50,000 U / g - 100,000 U / g; the enzyme activity of bromelain is 100,000 U / g - 500,000 U / g; the enzyme activity of nattokinase is 20,000 U / g - 100,000 U / g.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the mesh number of the sieve for screening is 100 - 200 meshes; the rotation speed of the centrifugal separation is 3000r / min - 6000r / min, and the centrifugal separation time is 20min - 40min; the drying temperature is 65°C - 75°C.

[0021] The preparation method of the above-mentioned swine immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts includes the following steps:

[0022] S1: By mass, premix the composite extract of Plantago asiatica and Prunella vulgaris, the composite extract of Portulaca oleracea and Ipomoea batatas leaves, the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract, and calcium hydrogen phosphate uniformly to obtain mixture A;

[0023] S2: According to the parts by mass, premix corn flour, soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, fish meal and whey powder evenly to obtain mixture B;

[0024] S3: Homogenize mixture A and mixture B to obtain the feed.

[0025] An immune-enhancing feed for pigs containing natural plant extracts and its preparation method according to the present invention, compared with the prior art, has the beneficial effects as follows:

[0026] First, on the basis of the basic feed, the feed of the present invention also contains the composite extract of plantain and prunella vulgaris, the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, and eucommia ulmoides leaf extract. The various extracts are used in combination with the basic feed, which can well enhance the immunity of pigs.

[0027] Second, the composite extract of plantain and prunella vulgaris is the product obtained by fermenting the whole plant of plantain and the whole plant of prunella vulgaris successively with lactobacillus cellobiosus and pediococcus acidilactici, and then successively enzymatically hydrolyzing with trypsin and nattokinase step by step. The product contains various antioxidant components such as flavonoids and phenols, and also contains fermentation products and specific small peptides after step-by-step enzymatic hydrolysis. These components can neutralize excessive free radicals in the pig body and reduce the damage of oxidative stress to cells. Free radicals are produced during normal metabolism, but excessive free radicals will damage cell structure and function and affect the normal operation of the immune system. By improving the antioxidant capacity, protecting immune cells from oxidative damage and maintaining their normal physiological functions, the immunity of pigs can be enhanced. The product can also stimulate the proliferation of immune cells in the pig body, such as lymphocytes and macrophages. Lymphocytes are an important part of the immune system and play a key role in cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity. Increasing the number of immune cells can improve the immune defense ability of pigs. The product can also regulate the pig intestinal flora, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria. A healthy intestinal flora is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier and is also involved in immune regulation. Some components in the product have anti-inflammatory properties and can inhibit the over-activation of inflammatory responses, which helps to maintain the stability and normal function of the immune system.

[0028] III. The composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves is a product obtained by fermenting the whole plant of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves successively with Lactobacillus cellobiosus and Bacteroides ruminicola, and then subjecting them to stepwise enzymatic hydrolysis with snail protease and trypsin. It contains fermentation products and specific small peptides after stepwise enzymatic hydrolysis. Purslane and sweet potato vine leaves themselves contain various nutrients (such as proteins, vitamins, minerals, etc.). After fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis, these nutrients are more easily absorbed and utilized by pigs. Sufficient nutrition contributes to the growth and development of pigs, making the pigs' bodies healthier and stronger, and providing a material basis for the normal operation of the immune system. Some components in the extract can act as prebiotics, selectively promoting the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria in the intestine (such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, etc.). Beneficial bacteria can produce beneficial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, reduce the intestinal pH value, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, reduce the colonization of harmful bacteria (such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, etc.) in the intestine, prevent harmful bacteria from producing toxins to damage the intestinal mucosa, and maintaining a good intestinal flora balance helps protect the intestinal mucosal barrier, reduce intestinal inflammatory responses, and improve intestinal immunity. The extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves contains antioxidant substances such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. These antioxidant components can scavenge free radicals in the pig's body, reduce the damage of oxidative stress to cells, and by enhancing the antioxidant capacity, protect immune cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages from the attack of free radicals and maintain their normal immune functions.

[0029] The extract contains some small peptides and bioactive components that can stimulate immune cells in the pig's body, such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and macrophages. The activated immune cells can more effectively recognize and eliminate pathogens, enhancing the pig's immune defense ability. Induce immune cells to secrete cytokines (such as interferons, interleukins, etc.), and these cytokines play an important role in immune regulation, can coordinate the interaction between immune cells, and enhance the immune response.

[0030] IV. The Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract is the product obtained by successively enzymatically hydrolyzing Eucommia ulmoides leaves with hemicellulase, bromelain, and natto kinase; the enzymatically hydrolyzed extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves contains various antioxidant components, such as chlorogenic acid, flavonoid compounds, etc., and also contains small peptides obtained by specific hierarchical enzymatic hydrolysis. These components can scavenge free radicals in pigs, reduce the damage of oxidative stress to cells. Through the antioxidant effect, it protects immune cells from oxidative damage and maintains their normal physiological functions, thereby improving the immunity of pigs. The extract has a promoting effect on the proliferation of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. T lymphocytes play a key role in cell-mediated immunity and can recognize and attack cells infected by pathogens; B lymphocytes are responsible for producing antibodies and participating in humoral immunity. The proliferation of lymphocytes can increase the number of immune cells and improve the immune defense ability of pigs. The enzymatically hydrolyzed extract of Eucommia ulmoides leaves can regulate the secretion of cytokines in pigs. Cytokines are a class of small molecular proteins secreted by immune cells and play an important role in immune regulation. For example, it promotes the secretion of cytokines such as interferon and interleukin, and these cytokines can enhance the activity of immune cells, coordinate immune responses, and improve the immunity of pigs. Detailed implementation mode

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific implementation cases, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A pig immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1 part of the composite extract of Plantago asiatica and Prunella vulgaris, 1 part of the composite extract of Portulaca oleracea and sweet potato vine leaves, 0.2 part of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract, 62 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of soybean meal powder, 10 parts of wheat bran powder, 2.5 parts of fish meal, 0.5 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 2 parts of whey powder.

[0034] Among them, the preparation method of the composite extract of Plantago asiatica and Prunella vulgaris includes the following steps:

[0035] By mass ratio, plantain: selfheal = 7.5:4. Mix the whole plant of plantain and the whole plant of selfheal, and pulverize to obtain a base material. Add water with a mass 12 times that of the base material to the base material, add glucose accounting for 4% of the mass of the base material, peptone accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.04% of the mass of the base material. Adjust the pH to 6.2, add Lactobacillus cellobiose with a viable count of 3 billion CFU / g accounting for 1.5% of the mass of the base material, and Pediococcus acidilactici with a viable count of 3 billion CFU / g accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the base material. Spray ferment at 32°C for 28 h, adjust the pH to 8.2, add trypsin with an enzyme activity of 300,000 U / g accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 36°C for 50 min. Then add nattokinase with an enzyme activity of 50,000 U / g accounting for 0.6% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 50°C for 75 min. Adjust the pH to 7.0, sieve through a 150-mesh sieve, take the material under the sieve, centrifuge and separate at 4000 r / min for 30 min, take the solid, and dry at 70°C to obtain the composite extract of plantain and selfheal.

[0036] Among them, the preparation method of the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves includes the following steps:

[0037] By mass ratio, purslane: sweet potato vine leaves = 1.5:12. Mix the whole plant of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, and pulverize to obtain a base material. Add water with a mass 12 times that of the base material to the base material, add glucose accounting for 4% of the mass of the base material, peptone accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.04% of the mass of the base material. Adjust the pH to 6.2, add Lactobacillus cellobiose with a viable count of 2 billion CFU / g accounting for 1.5% of the mass of the base material, and carry out spray fermentation at 32°C for 22 h. Adjust the pH to 6.5, add Bacteroides ruminicola with a viable count of 3 billion CFU / g accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the base material, and carry out anaerobic fermentation at 40°C for 18 h. Adjust the pH to 6.0, add snail protease with an enzyme activity of 10,000 U / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 37°C for 65 min. Then adjust the pH to 8.2, add trypsin with an enzyme activity of 200,000 U / g accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 36°C for 50 min. Adjust the pH to 7.0, sieve through a 150-mesh sieve, take the material under the sieve, centrifuge and separate at 4000 r / min for 30 min, take the solid, and dry at 70°C to obtain the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves.

[0038] Among them, the preparation method of eucommia leaf extract includes the following steps:

[0039] The Eucommia ulmoides leaves are crushed, added with water 9 times the mass of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, the pH is adjusted to 5.0, added with 1.2% of the mass of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves of hemicellulase with an enzyme activity of 100,000 U / g, and enzymolysis is carried out at 52 °C for 3.5 h. Then the pH is adjusted to 7.2, added with 1.2% of the mass of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves of bromelain with an enzyme activity of 300,000 U / g, and enzymolysis is carried out at 52 °C for 65 min. The enzyme is inactivated at 82 °C for 15 min. After cooling to room temperature, the pH is adjusted to 8.2, added with 0.8% of the mass of the base material of nattokinase with an enzyme activity of 100,000 U / g, and enzymolysis is carried out at 50 °C for 80 min. The pH is adjusted to 7.0, and sieved through a 150-mesh sieve. The material under the sieve is taken, centrifuged at 4000 r / min for 30 min, the solid is taken, and dried at 70 °C to obtain the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract.

[0040] The preparation method of the above-mentioned swine immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts includes the following steps:

[0041] S1: According to parts by mass, the composite extract of plantain and prunella vulgaris, the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract and calcium hydrogen phosphate are pre-mixed evenly to obtain mixture A;

[0042] S2: According to parts by mass, corn flour, soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, fish meal and whey powder are pre-mixed evenly to obtain mixture B;

[0043] S3: Mixture A and mixture B are evenly mixed to obtain the feed.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] A swine immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts, the feed includes the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.5 part of the composite extract of plantain and prunella vulgaris, 0.5 part of the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, 0.1 part of the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract, 60 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of soybean meal powder, 3 parts of wheat bran powder, 0.2 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of whey powder.

[0046] Among them, the preparation method of the composite extract of plantain and prunella vulgaris includes the following steps:

[0047] By mass ratio, plantain: selfheal = 10:5. Mix the whole plant of plantain and the whole plant of selfheal, and pulverize to obtain a base material. Add water with a mass 15 times that of the base material to the base material, add glucose accounting for 5% of the mass of the base material, peptone accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the base material, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.05% of the mass of the base material. Adjust the pH to 6.4. Add Lactobacillus cellobiose with a viable count of 5 billion CFU / g accounting for 2.5% of the mass of the base material and Pediococcus acidilactici with a viable count of 5 billion CFU / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material. Spray-ferment at 35°C for 30 h, adjust the pH to 8.5, add trypsin with an enzyme activity of 500,000 U / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 37°C for 60 min. Then add nattokinase with an enzyme activity of 100,000 U / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 55°C for 90 min. Adjust the pH to 7.5, sieve through a 200-mesh sieve, take the material under the sieve, centrifuge at 6000 r / min for 40 min, take the solid, and dry at 75°C to obtain the composite extract of plantain and selfheal.

[0048] Among them, the preparation method of the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves includes the following steps:

[0049] By mass ratio, purslane: sweet potato vine leaves = 3:15. Mix the whole plant of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, and pulverize to obtain a base material. Add water with a mass 15 times that of the base material to the base material, add glucose accounting for 5% of the mass of the base material, peptone accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the base material, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.05% of the mass of the base material. Adjust the pH to 6.4. Add Lactobacillus cellobiose with a viable count of 3 billion CFU / g accounting for 2.5% of the mass of the base material. Spray-ferment at 35°C for 24 h, adjust the pH to 7.0, add Bacteroides ruminicola with a viable count of 5 billion CFU / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material, and carry out anaerobic fermentation at 41°C for 20 h. Adjust the pH to 6.5, add snail protease with an enzyme activity of 10,000 U / g accounting for 1.5% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 40°C for 80 min. Then adjust the pH to 8.5, add trypsin with an enzyme activity of 300,000 U / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 37°C for 60 min. Adjust the pH to 7.5, sieve through a 200-mesh sieve, take the material under the sieve, centrifuge at 6000 r / min for 40 min, take the solid, and dry at 75°C to obtain the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves.

[0050] Among them, the preparation method of eucommia ulmoides leaf extract includes the following steps:

[0051] Take Eucommia ulmoides leaves, crush them, add water with a mass 10 times that of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, adjust the pH to 5.5, add hemicellulase with an enzyme activity of 100,000 U / g and a mass of 2% of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 55 °C for 4 h, adjust the pH to 8.0, add bromelain with an enzyme activity of 500,000 U / g and a mass of 2% of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 55 °C for 80 min, inactivate the enzyme at 85 °C for 15 min, after cooling to room temperature, adjust the pH to 8.5, add nattokinase with an enzyme activity of 100,000 U / g and a mass of 1% of the base material, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 55 °C for 90 min, adjust the pH to 7.5, sieve through a 200-mesh sieve, take the material under the sieve, centrifuge and separate at 6000 r / min for 40 min, take the solid, dry at 75 °C to obtain Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract.

[0052] The preparation method of the above-mentioned swine immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts comprises the following steps:

[0053] S1: According to parts by mass, premix the composite extract of plantain and Prunella vulgaris, the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract and calcium hydrogen phosphate evenly to obtain mixture A;

[0054] S2: According to parts by mass, premix corn flour, soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, fish meal and whey powder evenly to obtain mixture B;

[0055] S3: Mix mixture A and mixture B evenly to obtain the feed.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] A swine immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1.5 parts of the composite extract of plantain and Prunella vulgaris, 1.5 parts of the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, 0.3 part of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract, 65 parts of corn flour, 25 parts of soybean meal powder, 17 parts of wheat bran powder, 5 parts of fish meal. The feed also comprises 2 parts of premix, and the premix comprises 0.4 part of vitamins, 0.5 part of minerals (calcium carbonate), 0.05 part of antioxidant (tea polyphenols), 0.05 part of mold inhibitor (potassium sorbate), 1 part of flavoring agent (salt).

[0058] Among them, the preparation method of the composite extract of plantain and Prunella vulgaris comprises the following steps:

[0059] By mass ratio, plantain: selfheal = 5:3. Mix the whole plant of plantain and the whole plant of selfheal, and crush them to obtain a base material. Add water with a mass 10 times that of the base material to the base material, add glucose accounting for 3% of the mass of the base material, peptone accounting for 0.3% of the mass of the base material, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.03% of the mass of the base material. Adjust the pH to 6.0. Add Lactobacillus cellobiose with a viable count of 1 billion CFU / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material and Pediococcus acidilactici with a viable count of 1 billion CFU / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material. Spray-ferment at 30 °C for 25 h, adjust the pH to 8, add trypsin with an enzyme activity of 100,000 U / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 35 °C for 40 min. Then add nattokinase with an enzyme activity of 10,000 U / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 45 °C for 60 min. Adjust the pH to 6.5, sieve through a 100-mesh sieve, take the material under the sieve, centrifuge at 3000 r / min for 20 min, take the solid, and dry at 65 °C to obtain the composite extract of plantain and selfheal.

[0060] Among them, the preparation method of the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves includes the following steps:

[0061] By mass ratio, purslane: sweet potato vine leaves = 1:5. Mix the whole plant of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, and crush them to obtain a base material. Add water with a mass 10 times that of the base material to the base material, add glucose accounting for 3% of the mass of the base material, peptone accounting for 0.3% of the mass of the base material, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.03% of the mass of the base material. Adjust the pH to 6.0. Add Lactobacillus cellobiose with a viable count of 1 billion CFU / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material. Spray-ferment at 30 °C for 20 h, adjust the pH to 6.0, add Bacteroides ruminicola with a viable count of 1 billion CFU / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material, and carry out anaerobic fermentation at 39 °C for 15 h. Adjust the pH to 5.5, add snail protease with an enzyme activity of 5000 U / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 35 °C for 50 min. Then adjust the pH to 8, add trypsin with an enzyme activity of 100,000 U / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 35 °C for 40 min. Adjust the pH to 6.5, sieve through a 100-mesh sieve, take the material under the sieve, centrifuge at 3000 r / min for 20 min, take the solid, and dry at 65 °C to obtain the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves.

[0062] Among them, the preparation method of eucommia ulmoides leaf extract includes the following steps:

[0063] Take Eucommia ulmoides leaves, crush them, add water with a mass 8 times that of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, adjust the pH to 4.5, add hemicellulase with an enzyme activity of 50,000 U / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 50 °C for 3 h, adjust the pH to 6.5, add bromelain with an enzyme activity of 100,000 U / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 50 °C for 50 min, inactivate the enzyme at 80 °C for 10 min, after cooling to room temperature, adjust the pH to 8, add nattokinase with an enzyme activity of 20,000 U / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 45 °C for 60 min, adjust the pH to 6.5, sieve through a 100-mesh sieve, take the material under the sieve, centrifuge and separate at 3000 r / min for 20 min, take the solid, and dry it at 65 °C to obtain Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract.

[0064] The preparation method of the above-mentioned swine immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts comprises the following steps:

[0065] S1: According to parts by mass, premix the composite extract of plantain and Prunella vulgaris, the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract and calcium hydrogen phosphate evenly to obtain mixture A;

[0066] S2: According to parts by mass, premix corn flour, soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, fish meal and whey powder evenly to obtain mixture B;

[0067] S3: Uniformly mix mixture A and mixture B to obtain the feed.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] A swine immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.5 part of the composite extract of plantain and Prunella vulgaris, 1.5 parts of the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, 0.1 part of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract, 65 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of soybean meal powder, 17 parts of wheat bran powder, 1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of whey powder.

[0070] Among them, the preparation method of the composite extract of plantain and Prunella vulgaris comprises the following steps:

[0071] By mass ratio, plantain: selfheal = 6.5:3.5. Mix the whole plant of plantain and the whole plant of selfheal, and pulverize to obtain a base material. Add water with a mass 10 times that of the base material to the base material, add glucose accounting for 5% of the mass of the base material, peptone accounting for 0.3% of the mass of the base material, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.05% of the mass of the base material. Adjust the pH to 6.0, add Lactobacillus cellobiose with a viable count of 1 billion CFU / g accounting for 2.5% of the mass of the base material, and Pediococcus acidilactici with a viable count of 1 billion CFU / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material. Spray-ferment at 35°C for 25 h, adjust the pH to 8.5, add trypsin with an enzyme activity of 500,000 U / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 35°C for 60 min. Then add nattokinase with an enzyme activity of 100,000 U / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 45°C for 90 min. Adjust the pH to 6.5, sieve through a 200-mesh sieve, take the material passing through the sieve, centrifuge at 3000 r / min for 40 min, take the solid, and dry at 65°C to obtain the composite extract of plantain and selfheal.

[0072] Among them, the preparation method of the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves includes the following steps:

[0073] By mass ratio, purslane: sweet potato vine leaves = 3:5. Mix the whole plant of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, and pulverize to obtain a base material. Add water with a mass 15 times that of the base material to the base material, add glucose accounting for 3% of the mass of the base material, peptone accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the base material, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.03% of the mass of the base material. Adjust the pH to 6.4, add Lactobacillus cellobiose with a viable count of 3 billion CFU / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material, and carry out spray-fermentation at 30°C for 24 h. Adjust the pH to 6.0, add Bacteroides ruminicola with a viable count of 1 billion CFU / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material, and carry out anaerobic fermentation at 41°C for 15 h. Adjust the pH to 6.5, add snail protease with an enzyme activity of 10,000 U / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 35°C for 80 min. Then adjust the pH to 8, add trypsin with an enzyme activity of 100,000 U / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 37°C for 40 min. Adjust the pH to 7.5, sieve through a 100-mesh sieve, take the material passing through the sieve, centrifuge at 6000 r / min for 20 min, take the solid, and dry at 75°C to obtain the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves.

[0074] Among them, the preparation method of eucommia ulmoides leaf extract includes the following steps:

[0075] Take Eucommia ulmoides leaves, crush them, add water with a mass 8 times that of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, adjust the pH to 5.5, add hemicellulase with an enzyme activity of 100,000 U / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 50 °C for 4 h, adjust the pH to 6.5, add bromelain with an enzyme activity of 100,000 U / g accounting for 2% of the mass of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 55 °C for 50 min, inactivate the enzyme at 85 °C for 15 min. After cooling to room temperature, adjust the pH to 8.5, add nattokinase with an enzyme activity of 100,000 U / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 45 °C for 90 min, adjust the pH to 6.5, sieve through a 200-mesh sieve, take the material under the sieve, centrifuge and separate at 3000 r / min for 40 min, take the solid, and dry it at 65 °C to obtain the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract.

[0076] The preparation method of the above-mentioned swine immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts comprises the following steps:

[0077] S1: By mass, premix the composite extract of plantain and Prunella vulgaris, the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract and calcium hydrogen phosphate evenly to obtain mixture A;

[0078] S2: By mass, premix corn flour, soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, fish meal and whey powder evenly to obtain mixture B;

[0079] S3: Homogeneously mix mixture A and mixture B to obtain the feed.

[0080] Example 5

[0081] A swine immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts, the feed comprises the following raw materials by mass: 1.5 parts of the composite extract of plantain and Prunella vulgaris, 0.5 part of the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, 0.3 part of the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract, 60 parts of corn flour, 25 parts of soybean meal powder, 3 parts of wheat bran powder. The feed further comprises 4 parts of premix, and the premix comprises 0.8 part of vitamins, 1 part of minerals (calcium carbonate), 0.15 part of antioxidant (tea polyphenols), 0.05 part of mold inhibitor (potassium sorbate), 2 parts of flavoring agent (salt).

[0082] Among them, the preparation method of the composite extract of plantain and Prunella vulgaris comprises the following steps:

[0083] By mass ratio, plantain: selfheal = 10:3. Mix the whole plant of plantain and the whole plant of selfheal, and pulverize to obtain a base material. Add water with a mass 15 times that of the base material to the base material, add glucose accounting for 3% of the mass of the base material, peptone accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the base material, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.03% of the mass of the base material. Adjust the pH to 6.4. Add Lactobacillus cellobiose with a viable count of 1 billion CFU / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material and Pediococcus acidilactici with a viable count of 1 billion CFU / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material. Spray ferment at 35°C for 25 h, adjust the pH to 8, add trypsin with an enzyme activity of 500,000 U / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 37°C for 40 min. Then add nattokinase with an enzyme activity of 10,000 U / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 55°C for 90 min. Adjust the pH to 7.5, sieve through a 100-mesh sieve, take the material under the sieve, centrifuge at 5000 r / min for 40 min, take the solid, and dry at 75°C to obtain the composite extract of plantain and selfheal.

[0084] Among them, the preparation method of the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves includes the following steps:

[0085] By mass ratio, purslane: sweet potato vine leaves = 1:15. Mix the whole plant of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, and pulverize to obtain a base material. Add water with a mass 10 times that of the base material to the base material, add glucose accounting for 5% of the mass of the base material, peptone accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the base material, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate accounting for 0.05% of the mass of the base material. Adjust the pH to 6.0. Add Lactobacillus cellobiose with a viable count of 3 billion CFU / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material, and carry out spray fermentation at 30°C for 20 h. Adjust the pH to 6.4, add Ruminobacter with a viable count of 5 billion CFU / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material, and carry out anaerobic fermentation at 40°C for 15 h. Adjust the pH to 6.2, add snail protease with an enzyme activity of 5000 U / g accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 35°C for 50 min. Then adjust the pH to 8.4, add trypsin with an enzyme activity of 100,000 U / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material, and carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 37°C for 60 min. Adjust the pH to 7.2, sieve through a 200-mesh sieve, take the material under the sieve, centrifuge at 5000 r / min for 40 min, take the solid, and dry at 72°C to obtain the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves.

[0086] Among them, the preparation method of eucommia ulmoides leaf extract includes the following steps:

[0087] Take Eucommia ulmoides leaves, crush them, add water with a mass 10 times that of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, adjust the pH to 4.8, add hemicellulase with an enzyme activity of 50,000 U / g accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 52 °C for 4 h, adjust the pH to 7.2, add bromelain with an enzyme activity of 500,000 U / g accounting for 0.8% of the mass of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 50 °C for 70 min, inactivate the enzyme at 82 °C for 10 min, after cooling to room temperature, adjust the pH to 8.1, add nattokinase with an enzyme activity of 50,000 U / g accounting for 1% of the mass of the base material, carry out enzymatic hydrolysis at 52 °C for 70 min, adjust the pH to 7.2, sieve through a 200-mesh sieve, take the material under the sieve, centrifuge and separate at 5000 r / min for 30 min, take the solid, and dry at 72 °C to obtain Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract.

[0088] The preparation method of the above-mentioned swine immune-enhancing feed containing natural plant extracts comprises the following steps:

[0089] S1: According to parts by mass, pre-mix the composite extract of plantain and Prunella vulgaris, the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract and calcium hydrogen phosphate evenly to obtain mixture A;

[0090] S2: According to parts by mass, pre-mix corn flour, soybean meal powder, wheat bran powder, fish meal and whey powder evenly to obtain mixture B;

[0091] S3: Uniformly mix mixture A and mixture B to obtain the feed.

[0092] Comparative Example 1

[0093] The composite extract of plantain and Prunella vulgaris is not added to the feed, and the content of the composite extract of plantain and Prunella vulgaris is replaced with corn flour; other methods and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0094] Comparative Example 2

[0095] The composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves is not added to the feed, and the content of the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves is replaced with corn flour; other methods and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0096] Comparative Example 3

[0097] The Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract is not added to the feed, and the content of the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract is replaced with corn flour; other methods and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0098] Comparative Example 4

[0099] The composite extract of plantain and Prunella vulgaris is not added to the feed, nor is the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract added; the content of the composite extract of plantain and Prunella vulgaris and the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract is replaced with corn flour; other methods and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0100] Comparative Example 5

[0101] In the preparation method of the composite extract of Plantago asiatica and Prunella vulgaris, cellobiose lactobacillus is not added during fermentation, and nattokinase is not used for enzymatic hydrolysis; other methods and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0102] Comparative Example 6

[0103] In the preparation method of the composite extract of Portulaca oleracea and sweet potato vine leaves, fermentation with Bacteroides ruminicola is not used, and snail protease is not used for enzymatic hydrolysis; other methods and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0104] Comparative Example 7

[0105] In the preparation method of Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract, nattokinase is not used for enzymatic hydrolysis; other methods and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0106] Experiment 1: Mouse immunity experiments were conducted on the composite extracts of Plantago asiatica and Prunella vulgaris, the composite extracts of Portulaca oleracea and sweet potato vine leaves, and the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extracts prepared in the above examples and Comparative Examples 5, 6, and 7.

[0107] Test samples: Combinations of the composite extracts of Plantago asiatica and Prunella vulgaris, the composite extracts of Portulaca oleracea and sweet potato vine leaves, and the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extracts prepared in the above examples and Comparative Examples 5, 6, and 7, with a mass ratio of composite extract of Plantago asiatica and Prunella vulgaris: composite extract of Portulaca oleracea and sweet potato vine leaves: Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract = 1:1:0.2.

[0108] Preparation of the sample solution: Weigh the above test samples and prepare sample solutions containing the test samples at a concentration of 700 mg / mL using distilled water respectively.

[0109] A number of healthy SPS - level mice were selected; after one - week adaptive feeding, the mice were randomly divided into 13 groups, with 10 mice in each group. Among them, 12 groups of mice were intragastrically administered with each test sample solution at a dose of 2 mL / kg body weight of the mice each time; another 1 group was the blank group, and the mice were intragastrically administered with sterile water at a dose of 2 mL / kg body weight of the mice each time. Each group was intragastrically administered three times a day. After 30 consecutive days of administration, 12 h after the last administration of the mice, the spleens of the mice were taken and placed in a petri dish containing sterile Hank's solution. The spleens of the mice were ground to make single - cell suspensions; each spleen cell suspension was added to two wells of a 24 - well culture plate, 1 mL per well. 75 μL of ConA solution was added to one well, and the other well was used as a control. The cells were cultured in an incubator with 5% CO₂ at 37 °C for 72 h. 4 h before the end of the culture, 0.7 mL of the supernatant was gently aspirated from each well, 0.7 mL of RPMI1640 culture medium without calf serum was added, and at the same time, 50 μL / well of MTT (5 mg / mL) was added, and the culture was continued for 4 h. After the culture was completed, 1 mL of acidic isopropanol was added to each well, and the mixture was pipetted and mixed evenly to completely dissolve the purple crystals. Then, it was aliquoted into a 96 - well culture plate, and each well was made into 3 parallel wells. The optical density value (OD) was measured at 570 nm with an enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay instrument. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0110] Table 1 Lymphocyte proliferation ability (average OD value)

[0111]

[0112] From the above results, it can be seen that the compositions of Examples 1 to 5 have a good effect of promoting lymphocyte proliferation and are helpful for improving immunity. From the results of Comparative Examples 5 to 7, it can be seen that by changing the preparation methods of the composite extracts of plantain and prunella vulgaris, the composite extracts of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, and eucommia ulmoides leaf extract respectively, with different components, the effect on lymphocyte proliferation significantly decreases, affecting the immune function.

[0113] Experiment 2: Conduct an experiment on the effect of the feeds prepared in the above - mentioned examples and comparative examples on the immune function of piglets

[0114] Basic feed: 64.2 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of soybean meal powder, 10 parts of wheat bran powder, 2.5 parts of fish meal, 0.5 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of whey powder.

[0115] Test subjects: 65 pregnant sows and their piglets. The pregnant sows were divided into 13 groups, with 5 sows in each group.

[0116] One month before the expected delivery date, each group of sows was fed with the basic feed until delivery. After delivery, 1 group of sows was continued to be fed with the basic feed as the blank control group; the remaining 12 groups were respectively fed with the feeds of each example and each comparative example to feed the sows as the test groups. During the test period, the temperature, ventilation, light and other conditions of each group were kept consistent, and free access to food and water was provided.

[0117] Detection of test indicators:

[0118] On the 14th day and 21st day after the piglets were born, 5 piglets were selected to collect 5 mL of blood from the anterior vena cava on an empty stomach. The blood was centrifuged at 3000 r / min for 5 min at 4°C, and the upper serum was taken. ELISA kits were used to detect the levels of serum antibodies (serum immunoglobulins) IgG, IgA, and IgM respectively. The test results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0119] Table 2 Test results of the content of serum immunoglobulins in piglets (average value g / L)

[0120]

[0121] From the above results, it can be seen that the feeds of Examples 1 to 5 can effectively increase the content of serum immunoglobulins and promote the improvement of immunity. From the results of Comparative Examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that the composite extract of plantain and prunella vulgaris, the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, and the eucommia ulmoides leaf extract all have a good effect on promoting the production of serum immunoglobulins. The combined use of the composite extract of plantain and prunella vulgaris and the eucommia ulmoides leaf extract can greatly promote the production of immunoglobulins. From the results of Comparative Examples 5 to 7, it can be seen that changing the preparation methods of the composite extract of plantain and prunella vulgaris, the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, and the eucommia ulmoides leaf extract respectively will change the product components and have almost no effect on promoting the production of serum immunoglobulins.

[0122] Experiment 3: During the process of Experiment 2, observe the diarrhea rates of sows and piglets:

[0123] Diarrhea rate = total number of diarrhea times / total number of fecal excretion times × 100%; The test results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0124] Table 3 Statistical results of diarrhea rates

[0125]

[0126] From the above results, it can be seen that the feeds of Examples 1 to 5 can enhance immunity, improve intestinal health, and reduce diarrhea. From the results of Comparative Examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that the composite extract of plantain and prunella vulgaris, the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, and the eucommia ulmoides leaf extract all have a good effect on enhancing immunity, improving intestinal health, and reducing diarrhea. From the results of Comparative Examples 5 to 7, it can be seen that changing the preparation methods of the composite extract of plantain and prunella vulgaris, the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, and the eucommia ulmoides leaf extract respectively will change the product components, the immune enhancement ability will decline, it is easy to be affected by harmful bacteria, and the anti-diarrhea ability is poor.

Claims

1. An immune enhancing feed for pigs containing natural plant extracts, characterized in that: The feed includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5 to 1.5 parts of plantain and selfheal compound extract, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of purslane and sweet potato vine leaf compound extract, 0.1 to 0.3 parts of eucommia leaf extract, 60 to 65 parts of corn flour, 15 to 25 parts of soybean meal, 3 to 17 parts of wheat bran powder, 2.5 to 5 parts of fish meal, 0.2 to 1 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and 0.5 to 5 parts of whey powder; The preparation method of the composite extract of plantain and selfheal comprises: mixing and crushing according to the mass ratio of plantain:selfheal=(5-10):(3-5) to obtain a base material, adding water 10-15 times the mass of the base material, adding glucose, peptone and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, adjusting the pH to 6.0-6.4, adding 1%-2.5% of cellobiose lactobacillus and 0.5%-1% of the mass of the base material by Pediococcus acidilactici, spraying and fermenting at 30°C-35°C for 25h-30h, adjusting the pH to 8-8.5, adding 0.5%-1% of trypsin by mass of the base material, enzymolysis at 35°C-37°C for 40min-60min, adding 0.5%-1% of nattokinase by mass of the base material, enzymolysis at 45°C-55°C for 60min-90min, adjusting the pH to 6.5-7.5, sieving, taking the sieve, centrifuging, taking the solid, and drying; The preparation method of the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves comprises: mixing and crushing according to the mass ratio of purslane: sweet potato vine leaves = (1-3): (5-15) to obtain a base material, adding water 10 to 15 times the mass of the base material, adding glucose, peptone, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, adjusting the pH to 6.0 to 6.4, adding 1% to 2.5% of cellobiose lactobacillus by mass of the base material, spraying and fermenting at 30°C to 35°C for 20h to 24h, adjusting the pH to 6.0 to 7.0, adding 0.5% of the mass of the base material ~1% of rumen Bacteroides, anaerobic fermentation at 39℃~41℃ for 15h~20h, adjust pH5.5~6.5, add snail protease at 0.5%~1.5% of the base material weight, enzymolysis at 35℃~40℃ for 50min~80min, adjust pH8~8.5, add trypsin at 0.5%~1% of the base material weight, enzymolysis at 35℃~37℃ for 40min~60min, adjust pH6.5~7.5, sieve, take the sieve, centrifuge, take the solid, and dry; The eucommia leaf extract is a product obtained by sequentially enzymolyzing the eucommia leaves with hemicellulase, bromelain and nattokinase.

2. The immune enhancing feed for pigs containing natural plant extracts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed also includes 0 to 4 parts of premix, and the premix includes vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, mildew inhibitors, and flavoring agents.

3. The immune enhancing feed for pigs containing natural plant extracts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the plantain and selfheal composite extract comprises the following steps: According to the mass ratio, plantain: selfheal = (5-10): (3-5), the whole plant of plantain and the whole plant of selfheal are mixed and crushed to obtain a base material, and water 10 to 15 times the mass of the base material is added to the base material, 3% to 5% of glucose by mass of the base material, 0.3% to 0.8% of peptone by mass of the base material, and 0.03% to 0.05% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate by mass of the base material are added to adjust the pH to 6.0 to 6.4, and 1% to 2.5% of Lactobacillus cellobiose by mass of the base material and 0.5% to 1% of Pediococcus acidilactici is sprayed and fermented at 30℃-35℃ for 25h-30h, the pH is adjusted to 8-8.5, 0.5%-1% of trypsin by weight of the base material is added, and enzymolysis is carried out at 35℃-37℃ for 40min-60min, then 0.5%-1% of nattokinase by weight of the base material is added, and enzymolysis is carried out at 45℃-55℃ for 60min-90min, the pH is adjusted to 6.5-7.5, and the material is sieved. The material under the sieve is taken, centrifuged, the solid is taken, and dried to obtain a composite extract of plantain and selfhealing grass.

4. The immune enhancing feed for pigs containing natural plant extracts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves comprises the following steps: According to the mass ratio, purslane: sweet potato vine leaves = (1-3): (5-15), the whole plant of purslane and the sweet potato vine leaves are mixed and crushed to obtain a base material, 10 to 15 times the mass of water of the base material is added to the base material, 3% to 5% of glucose by mass of the base material, 0.3% to 0.8% of peptone by mass of the base material, 0.03% to 0.05% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate by mass of the base material are added, the pH value is adjusted to 6.0-6.4, 1% to 2.5% of Lactobacillus cellobiose by mass of the base material is added, and the fermentation is carried out by spraying at 30°C to 35°C for 20h to 24h, the pH value is adjusted to 6.0-7.0, and the base is added. The rumen bacteria with an amount of 0.5% to 1% by weight of the base material are anaerobically fermented at 39°C to 41°C for 15h to 20h, the pH is adjusted to 5.5-6.5, 0.5% to 1.5% by weight of the base material of snail protease are added, and the enzyme hydrolysis is carried out at 35°C to 40°C for 50min to 80min, then the pH is adjusted to 8-8.5, 0.5% to 1% by weight of the base material of trypsin are added, and the enzyme hydrolysis is carried out at 35°C to 37°C for 40min to 60min, the pH is adjusted to 6.5-7.5, sieved, the sieve is taken, centrifuged, the solid is taken, and dried to obtain a composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves.

5. The immune enhancing feed for pigs containing natural plant extracts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract comprises the following steps: Take eucommia leaves and grind them, add water 8 to 10 times the mass of the eucommia leaves, adjust the pH to 4.5 to 5.5, add hemicellulase in an amount of 0.5% to 2% by mass of the eucommia leaves, perform enzymolysis at 50 to 55° C. for 3 h to 4 h, adjust the pH to 6.5 to 8.0, add bromelain in an amount of 0.5% to 2% by mass of the eucommia leaves, perform enzymolysis at 50 to 55° C. for 50 to 80 min, inactivate the enzyme at 80 to 85° C. for 10 to 15 min, cool to room temperature, adjust the pH to 8 to 8.5, add nattokinase in an amount of 0.5% to 1% by mass of the base material, perform enzymolysis at 45 to 55° C. for 60 to 90 min, adjust the pH to 6.5 to 7.5, sieve, take the sieve, centrifuge, take the solid, and dry to obtain the eucommia leaf extract.

6. The immune enhancing feed for pigs containing natural plant extracts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bacterial activity of the cellobiose Lactobacillus is 1 billion CFU / g to 5 billion CFU / g; the bacterial activity of the acidilactic Pediococcus is 1 billion CFU / g to 5 billion CFU / g; the enzyme activity of the trypsin is 100,000 U / g to 500,000 U / g; and the enzyme activity of the nattokinase is 10,000 U / g to 100,000 U / g.

7. The immune enhancing feed for pigs containing natural plant extracts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bacterial activity of the cellobiose Lactobacillus is 1 billion CFU / g to 3 billion CFU / g; the bacterial activity of the rumen Bacteroides is 1 billion CFU / g to 5 billion CFU / g; the enzymatic activity of the snail protease is 5,000 U / g to 10,000 U / g; and the enzymatic activity of the trypsin is 100,000 U / g to 300,000 U / g.

8. The immune enhancing feed for pigs containing natural plant extracts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The enzymatic activity of the hemicellulase is 50,000 U / g to 100,000 U / g; the enzymatic activity of the bromelain is 100,000 U / g to 500,000 U / g; and the enzymatic activity of the nattokinase is 20,000 U / g to 100,000 U / g.

9. The immune enhancing feed for pigs containing natural plant extracts according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that: The mesh number of the sieving sieve is 100-200 mesh; the rotation speed of the centrifugal separation is 3000r / min-6000r / min, and the time of the centrifugal separation is 20min-40min; the drying temperature is 65°C-75°C.

10. The method for preparing the immune enhancing feed for pigs containing natural plant extracts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the feed comprises the following steps: S1: pre-mix the composite extract of plantain and selfheal, the composite extract of purslane and sweet potato vine leaves, the extract of eucommia leaves and calcium hydrogen phosphate in parts by mass to obtain a mixture A; S2: premix corn flour, soybean meal, wheat bran powder, fish meal and whey powder in parts by mass to obtain a mixture B; S3: Mix the mixture A and the mixture B uniformly to obtain feed.

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