Flower-promoting cultivation method for multiple blooming of hybrid chimonanthus praecox

Abstract

The invention discloses a flower promoting cultivation method for multiple flowering of hybrid chimonanthus praecox, and belongs to the technical field of garden plant cultivation. The flower promoting cultivation method for multiple flowering of the hybrid chimonanthus praecox comprises the following steps: S1, applying an organic fertilizer and calcium superphosphate as a base fertilizer in October to November in autumn and winter; s2, performing updating pruning from December in winter to February in the next year; s3, applying a compound fertilizer after sprouting in spring, and immediately watering after applying the compound fertilizer; s4, pruning after flower bud differentiation and before flowering; and S5, in May to August, branches with flowers bloomed or thick and strong branches with lower branches with flowers bloomed are selected and pruned for 2-3 times in total, after pruning, compound fertilizer with high phosphorus and potassium element content is applied once every 10-15 days, and the concentration is 0.5-2%. According to the flower promoting cultivation method for multiple flowering of the hybrid chimonanthus praecox in one year, multiple flowering of the hybrid chimonanthus praecox can be achieved, the flowering phase can be directly continued from May to September, the flowering time of the hybrid chimonanthus praecox is prolonged, and the garden application landscape value is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of garden plant cultivation, and in particular belongs to a method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid calycanthus sinensis for multiple flowering. Background Art

[0002] Calycanthus chinensis (WC Cheng & S.Y. Chang) is a rare wild flower unique to China and a national second-level protected plant. It belongs to the genus Calycanthus (Calycanthus L.) of the family Calycanthaceae and is a deciduous shrub. The discovery of Calycanthus chinensis can be traced back to the 1960s, when it was first discovered and named by Mr. Zheng Wanjun, a famous botanist in my country, in Zhejiang Province. As the only species of the genus Calycanthus distributed in China, Calycanthus chinensis is famous for its large flowers and unique flower shape. It has extremely high ornamental value and is a famous garden ornamental flower.

[0003] Since its discovery, Chimonanthus chinensis has attracted widespread attention from the botanical and gardening communities at home and abroad. Many researchers have introduced and hybridized Sinocalycanthus raulstonii with Calycanthus floridus or Calycanthus occidentalis. For example, the Chinese invention patent application number 200810124350.3 has produced several new hybrid varieties of Sinocalycanthus raulstonii (Calycanthaceae): A new intergene rich brid between Sinocalycanthus chinensis and Calycanthus floridus[J]. Hort Science, 2001, 36(4):765-767; Yao Qingju, Xia Bing, Ren Quanjin, et al. The superiority of intergeneric hybridization between Sinocalycanthus raulstonii and Calycanthus floridus[J]. Jiangsu Forestry Science and Technology, 2007, 34(4): 24~27; Chen Xiangbo, et al. Yin Lijuan, Tian Qi. A new hybrid cultivar of Chimonanthus 'Hongxiao'[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2024, 51(S1): 205-206). The hybrid cultivar has large flowers and heteromorphic arrangement of tepals, similar to Chimonanthus chinensis, while the bright colors of pink, purple, and dark red are more similar to those of American Chimonanthus. Most of them are adapted to full-light environments, are heat-resistant, water-resistant, have strong growth, and bloom profusely, with higher ornamental value, making them excellent garden ornamental shrubs.

[0004] However, the natural flowering period of hybrid wintersweets is relatively short, mainly concentrated in late April to mid-to-late May. Although it is named "summer wintersweets", its flowering period is limited to early summer. The flowering period of the whole plant lasts less than a month, and there are basically no flowers after June. This limitation makes the viewing period of hybrid wintersweets relatively short, which cannot meet the viewing needs of summer and autumn, limits the application and viewing period of hybrid wintersweets in gardens, and also affects its economic value in the market. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problem of short flowering period of hybrid Chimonanthus summerensis, the present invention provides a hybrid Chimonanthus summerensis flower-promoting cultivation method for multiple flowering, which achieves the goal of extending the flowering period from the end of April to the end of September, and can achieve a flourishing landscape effect, greatly improving the garden ornamental value of Chimonanthus summerensis.

[0006] In order to achieve the flowering landscape effect of hybrid Chimonanthus chinensis with continuous flowering, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: The present invention provides a method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid calycanthus sinensis to bloom multiple times, comprising the following steps: S1. Apply basal fertilizer in autumn and winter: Apply organic fertilizer and superphosphate as basal fertilizer in October and November in autumn and winter; S2. Winter pruning: Renewal pruning is carried out from December to February of the following year; S3. Spring topdressing: Apply compound fertilizer after buds sprout in spring, and water immediately after application; S4, pruning before flowering: pruning is done after flower bud differentiation and before flowering; S5. Pruning and fertilizing after flowering: Choose branches that have already bloomed or the thick branches at the bottom that have bloomed for pruning. Immediately after pruning, apply compound fertilizer high in phosphorus and potassium content.

[0007] Preferably, the fertilization method in step S1 is strip ditch fertilization or ring ditch fertilization.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, the organic fertilizer is fully decomposed organic fertilizer.

[0009] Preferably, the amount of fertilizer applied in step S1 is 1-2 kg of organic fertilizer per plant and 50-100 g of superphosphate per plant.

[0010] The period from branch top withering to winter leaf fall is the critical period for the physiological differentiation of hybrid Chimonanthus in summer. In step S1, the method of applying fertilizer in winter and in autumn is adopted. The base fertilizer such as organic fertilizer that should be applied after the leaves fall in winter is applied before the leaves fall in autumn. This can enable the branches to reserve sufficient nutrients to meet the nutritional accumulation needs of the physiological differentiation of flower buds, and also prepare for the morphological differentiation of flower buds that starts with the bud germination in early spring.

[0011] Preferably, in step S2, the pruning is to retain thick and strong branches, and cut off weak old branches, overcrowded inner branches and overlapping branches.

[0012] Preferably, the fertilization in step S3 is performed 10 to 20 days after the buds germinate.

[0013] Preferably, the fertilization method in step S3 is annular ditch fertilization method.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, the compound fertilizer is N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=20:20:20 balanced compound fertilizer.

[0015] Preferably, the amount of fertilizer applied in step S3 is 20-30 g of compound fertilizer per plant.

[0016] In step S3, the flower bud differentiation of hybrid Chimonanthus chinensis starts from the bud sprouting in spring and lasts until late April. This is also the period of the year when vegetative growth is most vigorous. The simultaneous growth of branches and leaves and differentiation of flower buds requires a large amount of nutrition. Supplementing balanced fertilizers can take into account both vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and promote more flower bud differentiation and normal development.

[0017] Preferably, in step S4, the pruning time is late April.

[0018] Preferably, in step S4, the pruning specifically comprises: selecting robust, semi-lignified branches with terminal buds without flower buds, and performing top pruning 2 to 3 cm above the 2nd to 3rd pair of leaf nodes below the top.

[0019] In step S4, flower-promoting pruning is performed in late April before flowering. This is the critical period of flower bud differentiation during the natural flowering period. The robust, semi-lignified branches with no flower buds on the outer terminal buds of the upper part of the plant are pruned. On the one hand, vegetative growth can be controlled and more nutrients can be supplied to the flower buds for development. On the other hand, pruning is performed from the top of the 2nd to 3rd pair of leaf nodes below the top tip, and the tender shoots are cut off. Nutrition is accumulated in the 1st to 2nd pair of leaf axillary buds below the cut to differentiate the flower buds. If it is earlier than early April or earlier, it is still the period of flower bud morphological differentiation, and the differentiation of flower buds of most branches in late April has ended. Pruning at this time is more appropriate. Pruning too early will cause the branches to be too young and tender, and even if the flower buds are differentiated, they will stop developing midway and become aborted.

[0020] Preferably, in step S5, the pruning is specifically to select branches that have bloomed or thick branches whose lower branches have bloomed, and prune from the 2nd to 3rd pairs of leaves or opposite branches below the top.

[0021] Preferably, in step S5, during the period from late May to late August, pruning is performed once every 40 to 50 days, and pruning is performed 2 to 3 times.

[0022] In step S5, the 2nd to 3rd pairs of leaves or the positions above the opposite branches below the top are pruned every 40 to 50 days. Hybrid summer sweet is to differentiate flower buds in the current year, and is a continuous flower bud differentiation type, but requires certain "stimulation", and suitable pruning period and pruning position are extremely critical for flower bud differentiation and development. If pruning is not performed after the natural flowering period, the buds at the axils of leaves will not sprout, and only after the leaves fall in winter, it is possible to branch or sprout flower buds in the spring of the second year; when the natural flowering period ends in late May, select the sturdy branches that have bloomed or the lower branches have bloomed, and prune above the 2nd to 3rd pairs of leaves or the opposite branches below the top, which can promote the hybrid summer sweet axillary buds to change to flower buds and develop and bloom, and so on, each pruning is carried out near the end of the last flowering period, and new flower bud differentiation is promoted by pruning, and the last flowering period is continued. From May to June, the time from flower bud differentiation to flowering is about 30 to 40 days. When the temperature is higher from July to August, the time from flower bud differentiation to flowering is significantly shortened. Flower buds can be seen 7 to 10 days after pruning, and flowering occurs in about 20 days. One flowering period lasts about 10 to 15 days. To ensure multiple flowering, pruning is carried out every 40 to 50 days. Pruning 2 to 3 times from late May to late August can maintain a continuous flowering period of nearly 5 months, achieving a good flowering landscape effect.

[0023] Preferably, in step S5, the compound fertilizer with high phosphorus and potassium content has N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=10:30:20.

[0024] Preferably, in step S5, the fertilization is applied once every 10 to 15 days, and 2 to 3 times after each pruning.

[0025] Preferably, in step S5, the fertilizing is specifically to dissolve a compound fertilizer with high phosphorus and potassium content in water, prepare a solution with a concentration of 0.5wt% to 2wt%, and then apply it.

[0026] Further preferably, in step S5, when the maximum temperature of the day is higher than 35°C, no fertilizer is applied; when the maximum temperature of the day is 30-35°C, the fertilizer is applied at a concentration of 0.5wt%-1wt%, and is applied in the morning or evening when the temperature is lower; when the maximum temperature of the day is lower than 30°C, the fertilizer is applied at a concentration of 1wt%-2wt%.

[0027] In step S5, continuous high-phosphorus and high-potassium nutrient supply can prevent the "flowering reversal" of flower bud morphological differentiation when encountering high temperature weather, and prevent the flower buds from stopping development and aborting midway.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: 1. Through the method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid wintersweets for multiple flowering provided by the present invention, the hybrid wintersweets can achieve multiple flowering in non-traditional flowering periods, significantly prolonging the viewing period, meeting the continuous flower display needs of garden landscapes, and enhancing the aesthetic value of garden landscapes.

[0029] 2. The present invention provides a method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid Chimonanthus multiflorus for multiple flowering. The characteristic of promoting the hybrid Chimonanthus multiflorus for multiple flowering within a year not only increases the market appeal of the hybrid Chimonanthus multiflorus, but also brings higher economic returns to its growers and sellers, especially has broad application prospects in flower exhibitions, festival celebrations and the like.

[0030] 3. The present invention provides a method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid Chimonanthus multiflorus for multiple flowering, which takes into account the environmental changes in different seasons. Through timely pruning and fertilization, the hybrid Chimonanthus multiflorus can better adapt to environmental conditions and maintain a good growth state and flowering performance even in unfavorable climates.

[0031] 4. The present invention not only realizes the multiple flowering of hybrid Chimonanthus chinensis at the technical level, but also has a positive impact in multiple dimensions such as ecology, economy, and social culture. It is an innovative achievement with important practical value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The method in Example 1 is used to realize the flowering diagram of hybrid Chimonanthus chinensis during June.

[0033] Figure 2 The flower bud expansion diagram of hybrid Chimonanthus in August is achieved by using the method in Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with specific embodiments to clearly and in detail describe the technical solutions provided by the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, and other embodiments obtained by relevant personnel in the field without making creative improvements and labor premises all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. The raw materials used in the embodiments can be purchased commercially or prepared by conventional methods.

[0035] Example 1 A method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid calycanthus sinensis to bloom multiple times comprises the following steps: S1. In autumn and winter, in early October, apply fully decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and superphosphate in the ring ditch. Dig a ditch 20-25 cm outside the root system with a depth of 15-20 cm. Apply 1 kg of organic fertilizer and 60 g of superphosphate to each plant in the ring ditch, and spread evenly around. S2. Carry out winter pruning on January 20, and cut off the dense inner branches, overlapping branches, weak and old branches at the base; S3, in spring, on March 25, apply granular balanced compound fertilizer (N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=20:20:20), apply 20 g per plant and water immediately after application; S4. On April 24, select branches with budless apical buds on the upper part of the plant, prune them from the 2nd to 3rd leaf nodes below the top, and immediately apply 2wt% phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=10:30:20), about 10 days after pruning, the first pair of leaf axils below the cut can be seen to differentiate into flower buds, and the second phase of differentiated flower buds bloom successively from June 3 to June 10; S5. Perform the second pruning on June 15. Choose the thick branches with flowers on the lower branches for pruning. Immediately apply 2wt% phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=10:30:20), watering once every 10 days, flower buds begin to differentiate around July 1, and the third phase of flowers blooms on July 15; S6, then pruning was carried out on July 22 and August 25 respectively, the pruning method was the same as before, and phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=10:30:20), the concentration is reduced to 0.5%, and re-application is done after 10 days, so the flowering period will be connected between early August and early September.

[0036] Example 2 A method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid calycanthus sinensis to bloom multiple times comprises the following steps: S1. Apply organic fertilizer (organic matter content 40.57%) and superphosphate (available phosphorus ≥ 12%) in strip-furrow application on October 25 in the autumn and winter season; S2. On February 10th in winter, carry out renewal pruning, cut off old and weak branches, thin out overcrowded branches, and retain thick and strong branches; S3, after the spring buds sprout on March 20, apply granular balanced compound fertilizer (N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=20:20:20), 25 g per plant, water immediately after application; S4. In late April, cut off the shoots that sprout from the roots and top the outer branches on the upper part to control the shoots; S5. After that, on June 10 and July 22, prune the branches on the upper part of the plant that are well-lit and full of growth from the 2nd to 3rd leaf nodes below the top, or choose the thick branches on the lower branches that have bloomed and prune twice; apply phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=10:30:20) once, with an application concentration of 1wt%, and then applied once every 15 days, the flowering period will last from May to early August.

[0037] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid wintersweet for multiple flowering, It is characterized in that The steps include: S1. Apply basal fertilizer in autumn and winter: Apply organic fertilizer and superphosphate as basal fertilizer in October and November in autumn and winter; S2. Winter pruning: Renewal pruning is carried out from December to February of the following year; S3. Spring topdressing: Apply compound fertilizer after buds sprout in spring, and water immediately after application; S4, pruning before flowering: pruning is done after flower bud differentiation and before flowering; S5. Pruning and fertilizing after flowering: Choose branches that have already bloomed or the thick branches at the bottom that have bloomed for pruning. Immediately after pruning, apply compound fertilizer high in phosphorus and potassium content.

2. The method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid Chimonanthus chinensis to bloom multiple times according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The fertilization method in step S1 is strip ditch fertilization or ring ditch fertilization; in step S1, the organic fertilizer is fully decomposed organic fertilizer; the fertilization amount in step S1 is 1-2 kg of organic fertilizer per plant and 50-100 g of superphosphate per plant.

3. The method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid Chimonanthus chinensis for multiple flowering according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S2, the pruning is to retain thick and strong branches and cut off weak old branches, overcrowded inner branches and overlapping branches.

4. The method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid Chimonanthus chinensis for multiple flowering according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The fertilization in step S3 is performed 10 to 20 days after the buds germinate; the fertilization method in step S3 is the ring ditch fertilization method.

5. The method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid Chimonanthus chinensis for multiple flowering according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S3, the compound fertilizer is N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=20:20:20 balanced compound fertilizer; the amount of fertilizer applied in step S3 is 20-30 g of compound fertilizer per plant.

6. The method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid Chimonanthus chinensis for multiple flowering according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S4, the pruning time is late April; in step S4, the pruning is specifically as follows: selecting strong, semi-lignified branches with no flower buds on the outer terminal buds of the upper part of the plant, and performing top pruning 2 to 3 cm above the 2nd to 3rd pair of leaf nodes below the top.

7. The method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid Chimonanthus chinensis for multiple flowering according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S5, the pruning is specifically to select branches that have bloomed or thick branches on the lower branches that have bloomed, and prune from the 2nd to 3rd pairs of leaves or opposite branches below the top; in step S5, during the period from late May to late August, prune once every 40 to 50 days, and prune 2 to 3 times.

8. The method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid Chimonanthus chinensis for multiple flowering according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S5, the compound fertilizer with high phosphorus and potassium content has N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=10:30:20; in step S5, the fertilization is applied once every 10 to 15 days, and 2 to 3 times after each pruning.

9. The method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid Chimonanthus chinensis for multiple flowering according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S5, the fertilization is specifically to dissolve the compound fertilizer with high phosphorus and potassium content in water, prepare a solution with a concentration of 0.5wt%~2wt% and then apply it.

10. The method for promoting the cultivation of hybrid Chimonanthus chinensis for multiple flowering according to claim 9, It is characterized in that In step S5, when the maximum temperature of the day is higher than 35°C, no fertilizer is applied; when the maximum temperature of the day is 30-35°C, the fertilizer is applied at a concentration of 0.5wt%-1wt%, and is applied in the morning or evening when the temperature is lower; when the maximum temperature of the day is lower than 30°C, the fertilizer is applied at a concentration of 1wt%-2wt%.

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