Calcareous purple soil improver and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a calcareous purple soil modifier and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soil modifiers, the calcareous purple soil modifier comprises the following components by weight: 15-35 parts of rape straw, 10-30 parts of pleurotus eryngii straw, 10-30 parts of hypsizygus marmoreus residue, 10-25 parts of humic acid, 12-15 parts of activated clay mineral, 5-10 parts of cow dung, 2-4 parts of plant ash, 2-4 parts of tobacco powder, and 1-2 parts of flue ash. 2-3 parts of amino acid powder, 1-2 parts of borax, 1-2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of amino acid chelated iron and 2-3 parts of a compound microbial agent. Compared with existing substances, the modifier can delay the degradation rate of organic matters and improve the supplement effect of the organic matters in the soil, the problem of heavy metal enrichment is avoided, and the problems existing in existing modifiers are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil conditioners, and in particular relates to a calcareous purple soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sichuan Province is a major agricultural development and grain production area in my country. Calcareous purple soil is its typical soil type. Calcareous purple soil is developed from purple sandstone shale. It has a short development time, shallow soil layer, loose texture, and is easily eroded due to climatic factors.

[0003] The organic matter content is low and nutrient loss is serious. According to the China Soil Database, the content of a large number of nutrients in calcareous purple soil is generally low, the soil fertility is low, and the content of some trace elements is low and the effectiveness is poor, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of agriculture. How to improve the fertility of calcareous purple soil and ensure crop yields is a problem that we urgently need to solve.

[0004] At present, most soil conditioners use feces as raw materials, but feces have a high content of heavy metals. Long-term application may lead to the enrichment of heavy metals in the soil, further causing heavy metal pollution in the soil and endangering the green production of the land. Moreover, as an organic soil conditioner, feces also have the problem of rapid decomposition of organic matter and the insignificant effect of improving organic matter in the soil. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a calcareous purple soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. Compared with existing substances, the conditioner can slow down the degradation rate of organic matter, improve the effect of organic matter supplementation in the soil, and has no problem of heavy metal enrichment, thereby effectively solving the problems existing in existing conditioners.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is:

[0007] A calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-35 parts of rape straw, 10-30 parts of king oyster mushroom straw, 10-30 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 10-25 parts of humic acid, 12-15 parts of activated clay minerals, 5-10 parts of cow dung, 2-4 parts of plant ash, 2-4 parts of tobacco dust, 1-2 parts of flue ash, 2-3 parts of amino acid powder, 1-2 parts of borax, 1-2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of amino acid chelated iron and 2-3 parts of composite microbial agent.

[0008] Further, the activated clay mineral is prepared by the following method:

[0009] (1) grinding clay mineral to obtain clay mineral powder;

[0010] (2) Acid solution is added to clay mineral powder, and the mixture is reacted under stirring and heating conditions, and then filtered, washed to neutrality, and dried to obtain activated clay mineral.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (1), the mesh size of the clay mineral powder is 80-100 meshes.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (2), the mass concentration of the acid solution is 8%-12%, the solid-liquid ratio of the clay mineral powder to the acid solution is 1:9-12, the heating reaction temperature is 80-90° C., and the reaction time is 1-3 hours.

[0013] Furthermore, the acid solution in step (2) includes at least one of a sulfuric acid solution, a hydrochloric acid solution and a phosphoric acid solution.

[0014] Further, the activated clay mineral includes at least one of activated attapulgite, activated kaolin, activated bentonite, activated sepiolite and activated diatomaceous earth.

[0015] Furthermore, amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: prepare amino acid aqueous solution and ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, the molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion is 2-3:1, mix well, adjust the pH value to neutral, then react at 60-70°C with stirring for 2-3h, cool and concentrate to obtain.

[0016] Furthermore, the composite microbial agent includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 1-2 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 2-3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective live bacteria count is greater than 20 billion cfu / g.

[0017] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0018] (1) Rapeseed straw, Pleurotus eryngii residue, Pleurotus ostreatus residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0019] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, activated clay mineral and composite microbial agent to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 25-30:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50%-55%, and subjecting the mixture to pile fermentation;

[0020] (3) When the temperature of the pile rises to above 55°C, keep it for 2-3 days, then turn the pile over. When the temperature of the pile is 56-70°C, keep it for more than 7 days.

[0021] (4) lowering the temperature of the pile to 40-50° C., stacking again, and then covering the surface of the pile with a shielding material to keep the moisture content of the pile at 30%-40%, aging for 12-15 days to obtain the product.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (2), the height of the pile is 1.2-1.5 m, and the width of the pile is 2-4 m; in step (4), the height of the pile is 0.8-1.5 m, and the width of the pile is 1.5-2.5 m.

[0023] The beneficial effects produced by the present invention are:

[0024] 1. The improver in the present invention has comprehensive nutrients, readily available materials, and low prices. It fully utilizes agricultural organic waste resources and is suitable for large-scale production and application, thus realizing the circulation of organic nutrients.

[0025] 2. Compared with the existing manure compost, the modifier in the present invention avoids the accumulation of heavy metals and can improve the edible safety of crops; the modifier in the present invention is specially designed for the nutrient status of calcareous purple soil, and is targeted at improving the problems of high pH, ​​low organic matter and nitrogen content, poor phosphorus effectiveness, and insufficient content and effectiveness of some trace elements in calcareous purple soil. Specifically, activated clay minerals are added to the modifier, which is an important bridge for the formation of mineral-bound organic matter. Mineral-bound organic matter is an important component of stable organic matter in the soil. It has strong stability and long turnover time. It is generally difficult to decompose in the soil, and has a positive effect on the improvement of soil organic matter. Compared with traditional products, the addition of activated clay minerals can improve the stability of soil organic carbon, thereby increasing the soil organic carbon content and maintaining it for a longer time.

[0026] The addition of activated clay minerals can provide an environment for microbial colonization, improve the colonization effect of microorganisms, and enhance microbial activity and survival rate; at the same time, clay minerals can also improve the utilization rate of microbial carbon and promote the accumulation of microbial source carbon.

[0027] Activated clay minerals can provide a large number of active adsorption sites, have a good mineral fixation effect on ammonium nitrogen, and can effectively increase the retention time of nitrogen. When applied together with chemical fertilizers, they can reduce nutrient losses, enhance nutrient effectiveness, and improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0028] After being activated, the clay mineral in the present invention has more wrinkles and a rougher surface, which increases a large number of active sites, and at the same time, impurities such as quartz, albite, aluminum, magnesium, etc. in the clay mineral are dissolved.

[0029] 3. The improver of the present invention is added with a composite microbial agent, among which the round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria has a strong nitrogen-fixing ability, can fix the nitrogen element in the air and convert it into the nitrogen form required for growth, and can also secrete auxin to promote plant growth and fruit development; Bacillus subtilis can regulate the soil microenvironment, kill pathogens in the soil, increase the accumulation and decomposition of organic matter, promote soil loosening, improve crop immunity, enhance disease resistance, and promote crop growth; Bacillus licheniformis can inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens by secreting antibacterial metabolites such as surfactant, and produce It can produce gibberellic acid, cytokinin-like substances to promote crop growth. Moreover, it can also fix nitrogen and phosphorus in the atmosphere, increase root nutrient absorption and promote plant growth. Bacillus megaterium can produce a large amount of organic acid, decompose or dissolve the insoluble phosphorus-containing substances in the soil, and convert them into phosphorus that is easily absorbed by plants, thereby improving the utilization rate of phosphorus. It also secretes highly active decomposition enzymes and promoting factors during its growth, thereby increasing the utilization rate of fertilizers and the absorption of nutrients. The combined application of the above-mentioned microorganisms and the synergistic effect between different microorganisms can fully improve the effect of the improver.

[0030] 4. Various trace elements such as boron, molybdenum, and zinc are also added in the present invention to supplement the lack of nutrition in the calcareous purple soil and increase the trace element content of the soil; the addition of amino acid chelated iron is not easy to be fixed and precipitated in the soil, which reduces the reaction with phosphate and hydroxide ions in the soil, improves the stability and effectiveness of iron fertilizer in the soil, and enables it to play a role for a long time. In alkaline soils, iron fertilizers such as ordinary ferrous sulfate easily form iron hydroxide precipitation, which reduces effectiveness; while amino acid chelated iron can maintain good stability and solubility, and amino acid chelated iron is more easily absorbed by plants. Because amino acids are organic molecules that can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, when iron forms a chelate with amino acids, it can enter the plant body with the help of the absorption pathway of amino acids, which improves the absorption efficiency and transport speed of iron. Amino acid chelated iron is less irritating to plants, has a wide range of concentrations, and is not easy to cause fertilizer damage. And because of its high stability, it is not easy to accumulate excessively and cause poisoning to plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The actual pictures are before (left) and after (right) activation of attapulgite;

[0032] Figure 2 The electronic scanning images of attapulgite before (left) and after (right) activation;

[0033] Figure 3 XRD patterns of attapulgite before (upper) and after (lower) activation;

[0034] Figure 4 This is the percentage of element content before and after attapulgite activation;

[0035] Figure 5 The statistical diagram of specific surface area, pore volume and pore diameter of attapulgite before and after activation;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a physical picture of the improver;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the ammonia volatilization device;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a physical picture of the ammonia volatile gas collection device;

[0039] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of an ammonia elution device;

[0040] Fig.10 This is a physical picture of the ammonia eluent receiving device;

[0041] Fig.11 This is the process diagram for determining ammonium nitrogen;

[0042] Fig.12 This is a statistical chart of the total amount of ammonia volatilization accumulated during the growth period of wheat under different treatments;

[0043] Fig.13 Different treatments for wheat NO 3 - (Left) and NH 4 + (Right) Statistical chart of total leaching loss. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention, that is, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0045] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0047] The features and performance of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] A calcareous purple soil conditioner is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of rape straw, 20 parts of Pleurotus eryngii straw, 20 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 20 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of activated attapulgite, 8 parts of cow dung, 3 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of cigarette dust, 2 parts of flue ash, 3 parts of amino acid powder, 1.5 parts of borax, 1.5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts of amino acid chelated iron and 3 parts of composite microbial agent.

[0050] Wherein, the activated attapulgite is prepared by the following method:

[0051] (1) grinding attapulgite to obtain 100 mesh clay mineral powder;

[0052] (2) Add a sulfuric acid solution with a mass concentration of 10% to the attapulgite powder, and the solid-liquid ratio of the attapulgite powder to the sulfuric acid solution is 1:10. Then, react the mixture under stirring and heating conditions. The heating reaction temperature is 85°C and the reaction time is 2 hours. Then, filter, add baking soda to wash until neutral, and dry to obtain activated attapulgite.

[0053] Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: prepare amino acid aqueous solution and ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, the molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion is 2.5:1, mix them, adjust the pH value to neutral, then react at 65° C. with stirring for 3 hours, cool and concentrate to obtain the product.

[0054] The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective live bacteria count is greater than 20 billion cfu / g.

[0055] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0056] (1) Rapeseed straw, Pleurotus eryngii residue, Pleurotus ostreatus residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0057] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, activated attapulgite and composite microbial agent to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 28:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 53%, and fermenting the mixture in a pile with a height of 1.4 m and a width of 3 m;

[0058] (3) When the pile temperature rises to 57°C, keep it for 3 days and then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature reaches 65°C, keep it for 10 days.

[0059] (4) lowering the temperature of the pile to 45° C. and stacking again with a pile height of 1 meter and a pile width of 2 meters. Then, covering the surface of the pile with plastic sheeting to keep the moisture content of the pile at 35%, aging the pile for 14 days, and obtaining the product.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] A calcareous purple soil conditioner is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of rape straw, 30 parts of king oyster mushroom straw, 10 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 25 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of activated bentonite, 10 parts of cow dung, 2 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of cigarette dust, 2 parts of flue ash, 3 parts of amino acid powder, 2 parts of borax, 1 part of ammonium molybdate, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of amino acid chelated iron and 2 parts of composite microbial agent.

[0062] Wherein, the activated bentonite is prepared by the following method:

[0063] (1) grinding bentonite to obtain 100 mesh bentonite powder;

[0064] (2) adding a sulfuric acid solution with a mass concentration of 8% to the bentonite powder, with a solid-liquid ratio of the bentonite powder to the sulfuric acid solution of 1:12, and then reacting the mixture under stirring and heating conditions, the heating reaction temperature is 80° C., the reaction time is 3 h, and then filtering, adding baking soda to wash until neutral, and drying to obtain activated bentonite.

[0065] Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: prepare amino acid aqueous solution and ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, the molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion is 3:1, mix them, adjust the pH value to neutral, then react at 70°C with stirring for 2h, cool and concentrate to obtain the product.

[0066] The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 1 part of Bacillus licheniformis and 3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective live bacteria count is greater than 20 billion cfu / g.

[0067] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0068] (1) Rapeseed straw, Pleurotus eryngii residue, Pleurotus ostreatus residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0069] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, activated bentonite and composite microbial agent to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 25:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50%, and fermenting the mixture in a pile with a height of 1.2 m and a width of 4 m;

[0070] (3) When the pile temperature rises to 55°C, keep it for 3 days, then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature reaches 58°C, keep it for 15 days.

[0071] (4) lowering the temperature of the pile to 40° C. and stacking again with a pile height of 0.8 m and a pile width of 2.5 m. Then, covering the surface of the pile with plastic sheeting to keep the moisture content of the pile at 30%, aging the pile for 12 days, and obtaining the product.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] A calcareous purple soil conditioner is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of rape straw, 10 parts of king oyster mushroom straw, 30 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 10 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of activated kaolin, 10 parts of cow dung, 4 parts of plant ash, 4 parts of tobacco dust, 1 part of flue ash, 2 parts of amino acid powder, 1 part of borax, 1 part of ammonium molybdate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of amino acid chelated iron and 3 parts of composite microbial agent.

[0074] Wherein, activated kaolin is prepared by the following method:

[0075] (1) grinding kaolin to obtain 100 mesh kaolin powder;

[0076] (2) Adding a hydrochloric acid solution with a mass concentration of 12% to the kaolin powder, the solid-liquid ratio of the kaolin powder to the hydrochloric acid solution is 1:9, and then reacting the mixture under stirring and heating conditions, the heating reaction temperature is 90° C., the reaction time is 1 hour, and then filtering, adding baking soda to wash until neutral, and drying to obtain activated clay mineral.

[0077] Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: prepare amino acid aqueous solution and ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, the molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion is 2:1, mix them, adjust the pH value to neutral, then react at 60°C with stirring for 3 hours, cool and concentrate to obtain the product.

[0078] The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 2 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective live bacteria count is greater than 20 billion cfu / g.

[0079] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0080] (1) Rapeseed straw, Pleurotus eryngii residue, Pleurotus ostreatus residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0081] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, activated kaolin and composite microbial agent to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 30:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 55%, and fermenting the mixture in a pile with a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2 m;

[0082] (3) When the pile temperature rises to 56°C, keep it for 3 days, then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature reaches 70°C, keep it for 8 days.

[0083] (4) lowering the temperature of the pile to 50° C. and stacking again with a pile height of 1.5 m and a pile width of 1.5 m. Then, covering the surface of the pile with plastic sheeting to keep the moisture content of the pile at 40%, aging the pile for 15 days, and obtaining the product.

[0084] Example 4

[0085] A calcareous purple soil conditioner is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of rape straw, 15 parts of king oyster mushroom straw, 25 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 20 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of activated attapulgite, 7 parts of cow dung, 3 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of cigarette dust, 2 parts of flue ash, 3 parts of amino acid powder, 1 part of borax, 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of amino acid chelated iron and 3 parts of composite microbial agent.

[0086] Wherein, the activated attapulgite is prepared by the following method:

[0087] (1) grinding attapulgite to obtain 100-mesh attapulgite powder;

[0088] (2) Add a sulfuric acid solution with a mass concentration of 9% to the attapulgite powder, and the solid-liquid ratio of the attapulgite powder to the sulfuric acid solution is 1:11. Then, react the mixture under stirring and heating conditions. The heating reaction temperature is 88° C. and the reaction time is 1 hour. Then, filter, add baking soda to wash until neutral, and dry to obtain activated clay mineral.

[0089] Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: prepare amino acid aqueous solution and ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, the molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion is 2:1, mix them, adjust the pH value to neutral, then react at 64° C. under stirring conditions for 3 hours, cool and concentrate to obtain the product.

[0090] The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective live bacteria count is greater than 20 billion cfu / g.

[0091] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0092] (1) Rapeseed straw, Pleurotus eryngii residue, Pleurotus ostreatus residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0093] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, activated attapulgite and composite microbial agent to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 28:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 53%, and fermenting the mixture in a pile with a height of 1.4 m and a width of 2.5 m;

[0094] (3) When the pile temperature rises to 57°C, keep it for 3 days and then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature reaches 65°C, keep it for 9 days.

[0095] (4) lowering the pile temperature to 42° C. and stacking again with a pile height of 1.2 m and a pile width of 1.8 m. Then, covering the pile surface with plastic sheeting to keep the moisture content of the pile at 35%, aging the pile for 15 days, and obtaining the product.

[0096] Comparative Example 1

[0097] A calcareous purple soil conditioner is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of rape straw, 20 parts of Pleurotus eryngii straw, 20 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 20 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of attapulgite, 8 parts of cow dung, 3 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of tobacco dust, 2 parts of flue ash, 3 parts of amino acid powder, 1.5 parts of borax, 1.5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts of amino acid chelated iron and 3 parts of composite microbial agent.

[0098] Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: prepare amino acid aqueous solution and ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, the molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion is 2.5:1, mix them, adjust the pH value to neutral, then react at 65° C. with stirring for 3 hours, cool and concentrate to obtain the product.

[0099] The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective live bacteria count is greater than 20 billion cfu / g.

[0100] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0101] (1) Rapeseed straw, Pleurotus eryngii residue, Pleurotus ostreatus residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0102] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, attapulgite and composite microbial agent to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 28:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 53%, and fermenting the mixture in a pile with a height of 1.4 m and a width of 3 m;

[0103] (3) When the pile temperature rises to 57°C, keep it for 3 days and then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature reaches 65°C, keep it for 10 days.

[0104] (4) lowering the temperature of the pile to 45° C. and stacking again with a pile height of 1 meter and a pile width of 2 meters. Then, covering the surface of the pile with plastic sheeting to keep the moisture content of the pile at 35%, aging the pile for 14 days, and obtaining the product.

[0105] Comparative Example 2

[0106] A calcareous purple soil conditioner is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of rape straw, 20 parts of king oyster mushroom straw, 20 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 20 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of cow dung, 3 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of tobacco dust, 2 parts of flue ash, 3 parts of amino acid powder, 1.5 parts of borax, 1.5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts of amino acid chelated iron and 3 parts of composite microbial agent.

[0107] Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: prepare amino acid aqueous solution and ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, the molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion is 2.5:1, mix them, adjust the pH value to neutral, then react at 65° C. with stirring for 3 hours, cool and concentrate to obtain the product.

[0108] The composite microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective live bacteria count is greater than 20 billion cfu / g.

[0109] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0110] (1) Rapeseed straw, Pleurotus eryngii residue, Pleurotus ostreatus residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0111] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron and composite microbial agent to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 28:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 53%, and fermenting the mixture in a pile with a height of 1.4 m and a width of 3 m;

[0112] (3) When the pile temperature rises to 57°C, keep it for 3 days and then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature reaches 65°C, keep it for 10 days.

[0113] (4) lowering the temperature of the pile to 45° C. and stacking again with a pile height of 1 meter and a pile width of 2 meters. Then, covering the surface of the pile with plastic sheeting to keep the moisture content of the pile at 35%, aging the pile for 14 days, and obtaining the product.

[0114] Comparative Example 3

[0115] A calcareous purple soil conditioner is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of rape straw, 20 parts of Pleurotus eryngii straw, 20 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 20 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of activated attapulgite, 8 parts of cow dung, 3 parts of plant ash, 3 parts of tobacco dust, 2 parts of flue ash, 3 parts of amino acid powder, 1.5 parts of borax, 1.5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts of amino acid chelated iron and 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis inoculant.

[0116] Wherein, the activated attapulgite is prepared by the following method:

[0117] (1) grinding attapulgite to obtain 100 mesh clay mineral powder;

[0118] (2) Add a sulfuric acid solution with a mass concentration of 10% to the attapulgite powder, and the solid-liquid ratio of the attapulgite powder to the sulfuric acid solution is 1:10. Then, react the mixture under stirring and heating conditions. The heating reaction temperature is 85°C and the reaction time is 2 hours. Then, filter, add baking soda to wash until neutral, and dry to obtain activated attapulgite.

[0119] Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: prepare amino acid aqueous solution and ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, the molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion is 2.5:1, mix them, adjust the pH value to neutral, then react at 65° C. with stirring for 3 hours, cool and concentrate to obtain the product.

[0120] The preparation method of the above-mentioned calcareous purple soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0121] (1) Rapeseed straw, Pleurotus eryngii residue, Pleurotus ostreatus residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0122] (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, activated attapulgite and Bacillus subtilis to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 28:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 53%, and fermenting the mixture in a pile with a height of 1.4 m and a width of 3 m;

[0123] (3) When the pile temperature rises to 57°C, keep it for 3 days and then turn the pile over. When the pile temperature reaches 65°C, keep it for 10 days.

[0124] (4) lowering the temperature of the pile to 45° C. and stacking again with a pile height of 1 meter and a pile width of 2 meters. Then, covering the surface of the pile with plastic sheeting to keep the moisture content of the pile at 35%, aging the pile for 14 days, and obtaining the product.

[0125] Figure 1 The pictures are of the attapulgite before (left) and after (right) activation. The results show that the activated attapulgite changes from light yellow to white, showing an obvious color change.

[0126] Figure 2 The electronic scanning images of attapulgite before (left) and after (right) activation show that the attapulgite flakes before activation are scattered and piled up, and no large number of pores and holes are found. However, the surface of the attapulgite after activation has obvious wrinkles and rough layers, and the layer structure is more broken, and some holes are dissolved.

[0127] Figure 3 The XRD diagrams of attapulgite before (upper) and after (lower) activation show that the main mineral component of attapulgite is montmorillonite. After acid activation, the interlayer structure of montmorillonite is partially destroyed, but the basic crystal framework is still retained, and impurities such as quartz and albite are dissolved.

[0128] Figure 4 The figure shows the percentage of element contents before and after activation of attapulgite. The results show that after activation, the contents of aluminum and magnesium elements decreased significantly, indicating that part of the aluminum and magnesium ions between the layers were dissolved.

[0129] Figure 5 The above is a statistical chart of specific surface area, pore volume and pore size of attapulgite before and after activation; the results show that the specific surface area and pore volume of the activated attapulgite are expanded, indicating that the activated clay minerals have further enhanced their ability to absorb organic matter and nitrogen nutrients.

[0130] Figure 6 This is a physical picture of the improver.

[0131] Test example

[0132] Calcareous purple soil - brown purple sand soil from typical sloping farmland in Sichuan was collected for a potted wheat experiment. The potted experiment was set up with seven treatments, including CK (no fertilization), conventional fertilization (HF), conventional organic fertilizer product application (OM), application of the improver in Example 1 (GM), application of the improver in Comparative Example 1, application of the improver in Comparative Example 2 and application of the improver in Comparative Example 3, with a total of four replicates, and 4 wheat plants were planted in each pot.

[0133] Urea is used as nitrogen fertilizer, superphosphate is used as phosphate fertilizer, and potassium chloride is used as potash fertilizer. The nutrient content of conventional organic fertilizer products is: organic matter 33.01%, total nitrogen 1.28%, P 2 O 5

[0134] 1.42%, K 2 O 2.33%, pH 7.36, moisture content 27.6%.

[0135] Table 1 shows the fertilizer dosage for each treatment:

[0136]

[0137]

[0138] During the wheat planting process, the nitrogen loss of wheat was dynamically monitored, mainly monitoring its ammonia volatilization loss and nitrogen leaching loss. The method is as follows:

[0139] Ammonia volatilization: Use closed chamber-intermittent exhaust method. Monitor NH 3 When volatilizing, record the air temperature and soil temperature at the same time, NH 3 Volatilization was collected from the second day after fertilization, once a day within one week after fertilization, and once every 2-3 days after one week until the NH 3 The volatile amount was reduced to a small amount and had no significant difference with the CK treatment. Figure 7-8 .

[0140] Nitrogen elution: The soil filtrate was collected by opening the three-way valve at the bottom of the pot. The collected soil filtrate was brought back to the laboratory, filtered and stored in a 4°C refrigerator. The NH 4 + -N, NO3 - -N. Take it regularly once a week; see the measurement device Figure 9-11 ;

[0141] The monitoring results of wheat ammonia volatilization are as follows:

[0142] Fig.12 The figure is a statistical chart of the total cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization of wheat under different treatments during the growth period. The results show that compared with conventional fertilization, conventional organic fertilizer, the improver in Example 1 and the improvers in Comparative Examples 1-3 can significantly reduce the ammonia volatilization loss of nitrogen. Among them, the improver in Example 1 has a better nitrogen retention effect. Compared with conventional fertilization, the improver in Example 1 reduces the ammonia volatilization loss by 14.81%, which is 2.77% lower than that of conventional organic fertilizer products.

[0143] Fig.13 Different treatments for wheat NO 3 - (Left) and NH 4 + (Right) Statistical chart of total leaching loss. The results show that compared with conventional fertilization, conventional organic fertilizer, Example 1 and the modifiers in Comparative Examples 1-3 can significantly reduce nitrogen leaching losses. Nitrogen leaching losses are mainly nitrate nitrogen leaching. The nitrate nitrogen loss of conventional fertilization through nitrogen leaching is 1.57 kg / hm 2 , the loss of ammonium nitrogen is only 0.79g / hm 2 Among them, the improver in Example 1 has a better nitrogen retention effect. Compared with conventional fertilization, the improver in Example 1 reduces the loss of nitrate nitrogen by 40.8%, and compared with conventional organic fertilizer products, it reduces it by 3.90%.

[0144] The aboveground biomass, yield components and nitrogen utilization efficiency of wheat are shown in Table 2-4:

[0145] Table 2: Biomass (dry weight) of various aboveground parts of wheat under different treatments

[0146]

[0147] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column represent significant differences among different treatments of the same soil type (P<0.05).

[0148] The results showed that conventional fertilization, conventional organic fertilizer application, and the application of the modifiers in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 all significantly increased the biomass of various aboveground parts of wheat; compared with conventional fertilization, conventional organic fertilizer products only increased the accumulation of stem biomass, while the biomass of leaves, husks, cobs, and grains decreased; compared with conventional fertilization and conventional organic fertilizer products, the modifier in Example 1 significantly increased the accumulation of biomass of various aboveground parts of wheat, indicating that the application of the modifier promoted the aboveground growth of wheat.

[0149] Table 3: Yield components and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat under different treatments

[0150]

[0151] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column represent significant differences among different treatments of the same soil type (P<0.05).

[0152] The results showed that under the conditions of the potted test, compared with the no-fertilization treatment, the three fertilization treatments significantly increased the various yield components of wheat; compared with conventional fertilization, the conventional organic fertilizer product and the improver of Example 1 significantly increased the number of wheat grains per ear, but both decreased in 100-grain weight, among which the improver of Example 1 had the highest number of grains per ear, which increased by 23.85% compared with conventional fertilization, but the 100-grain weight decreased by 11.38%, both of which are important factors affecting wheat yield, and in practical life, there is a certain negative correlation between the two; in all treatments, under the condition of the application of the new improver, the wheat yield, nitrogen agronomic utilization rate and nitrogen fertilizer apparent utilization rate were significantly improved, which were increased by 14.15% and 18.92%, 19.22% and 25.96%, 3.64% and 4.88% respectively compared with conventional fertilization and conventional organic fertilizer products, indicating that the application of the improver of Example 1 can effectively promote wheat yield, improve the utilization efficiency of wheat nitrogen fertilizer, and promote efficient utilization of nitrogen.

[0153] The changes in soil nutrient content are shown in Table 4;

[0154] Table 4 Changes in soil nutrient content under different wheat treatments

[0155]

[0156] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column represent significant differences among different treatments of the same soil type (P<0.05).

[0157] The results showed that under the conditions of the potted test, compared with the no-fertilization treatment, the three fertilization treatments significantly reduced the soil pH, among which the organic fertilizer and the modifier of Example 1 had the most obvious regulating effect. Originally, too high soil pH would lead to poor effectiveness of soil nutrients; compared with conventional fertilization, conventional organic fertilizer products and the modifier of Example 1 significantly increased the levels of soil total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, organic carbon, total phosphorus and available phosphorus, among which the modifier of Example 1 had the most significant effect on increasing soil ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus. Nitrate nitrogen is the main nitrogen form absorbed and utilized by dryland wheat. Although conventional organic fertilizers have the best improvement effect, in the determination of wheat nitrogen utilization efficiency In the experiment, it was proved that the new improver promoted nitrogen accumulation in wheat and improved nitrogen utilization efficiency, which may also be the reason why the nitrate nitrogen content after treatment with the new improver was lower than that of conventional organic fertilizer products. In addition, compared with the treatment without fertilization, the total potassium content of conventional fertilization and conventional organic fertilizer output decreased slightly, while the improver product of Example 1 was significantly improved compared with both; the soil available potassium content was the highest under conventional fertilization treatment, and the conventional organic fertilizer product and the improver of Example 1 decreased slightly, but both were higher than the treatment without fertilization. This may be because the application of organic fertilizer increases the activity of microorganisms, resulting in more potassium being utilized by microorganisms and stored in the microorganisms.

[0158] On the whole, the improver of Example 1 has better improvement effects than conventional fertilization, conventional organic fertilizer and the improver products of Comparative Examples 1-3 in terms of increasing crop yield, efficient nitrogen utilization and soil nutrient fertilization; although the conventional organic fertilizer product is better than the improver of Example 1 in improving some soil nutrients, it is not as effective as the improver of Example 1 in increasing crop yield and promoting crop nutrient absorption, and may even cause crop yield reduction. This also shows that the quality of some organic fertilizer products on the market is uneven, or they are not suitable for certain soil types and crop types.

Claims

1. A calcareous purple soil conditioner, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-35 parts of rape straw, 10-30 parts of king oyster mushroom straw, 10-30 parts of seafood mushroom residue, 10-25 parts of humic acid, 12-15 parts of activated clay minerals, 5-10 parts of cow dung, 2-4 parts of plant ash, 2-4 parts of tobacco powder, 1-2 parts of flue ash, 2-3 parts of amino acid powder, 1-2 parts of borax, 1-2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of amino acid chelated iron and 2-3 parts of composite microbial agent.

2. The calcareous purple soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that The activated clay mineral is prepared by the following method: (1) grinding clay mineral to obtain clay mineral powder; (2) Acid solution is added to clay mineral powder, and the mixture is reacted under stirring and heating conditions, and then filtered, washed to neutrality, and dried to obtain activated clay mineral.

3. The calcareous purple soil conditioner according to claim 2, characterized in that The mesh size of the clay mineral powder in step (1) is 80-100 meshes.

4. The calcareous purple soil conditioner according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (2), the mass concentration of the acid solution is 8%-12%, the solid-liquid ratio of the clay mineral powder to the acid solution is 1:9-12, the heating reaction temperature is 80-90° C., and the reaction time is 1-3 hours.

5. The calcareous purple soil conditioner according to claim 2, characterized in that: The acid solution in step (2) includes at least one of a sulfuric acid solution, a hydrochloric acid solution and a phosphoric acid solution.

6. The calcareous purple soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The activated clay mineral includes at least one of activated attapulgite, activated kaolin, activated bentonite, activated sepiolite and activated diatomaceous earth.

7. The calcareous purple soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: Amino acid chelated iron is prepared by the following method: prepare amino acid aqueous solution and ferrous sulfate aqueous solution respectively, the molar ratio of amino acid to iron ion is 2-3:1, mix well, adjust the pH value to neutral, then react at 60-70°C with stirring for 2-3h, cool and concentrate to obtain the product.

8. The calcareous purple soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite microbial inoculant comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2-3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 1-2 parts of Bacillus licheniformis and 2-3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, wherein the effective live bacteria count is greater than 20 billion cfu / g.

9. The method for preparing the calcareous purple soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Rapeseed straw, Pleurotus eryngii residue, Pleurotus ostreatus residue, humic acid, distiller's grains, cow dung, plant ash, amino acid powder, cigarette dust, and flue ash are mixed and crushed according to a proportion, and stirred evenly to obtain a mixture; (2) adding borax, ammonium molybdate, amino acid chelated iron, activated clay mineral and composite microbial agent to the mixture, mixing well, adjusting the C / N ratio to 25-30:1, adjusting the water content of the mixture to 50%-55%, and subjecting the mixture to pile fermentation; (3) When the temperature of the pile rises to above 55°C, keep it for 2-3 days, then turn the pile over. When the temperature of the pile is 56-70°C, keep it for more than 7 days. (4) lowering the temperature of the pile to 40-50° C., stacking again, and then covering the surface of the pile with a shielding material to keep the moisture content of the pile at 30%-40%, aging for 12-15 days to obtain the product.

10. The method for preparing the calcareous purple soil conditioner according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step (2), the height of the pile is 1.2-1.5 m, and the width of the pile is 2-4 m; in step (4), the height of the pile is 0.8-1.5 m, and the width of the pile is 1.5-2.5 m.

Images