Transmissive array antenna with high selectivity gain filtering characteristics

Abstract

The application discloses a transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics, which comprises a planar transmissive array as a transmissive surface and a horn antenna as a feed source; a 180-degree transmissive phase difference is realized by rotating a feed part of a magnetic electric dipole of the planar transmissive array by 0 degree or 180 degrees around a central axis; the planar transmissive array comprises a plurality of periodically and seamlessly distributed transmissive units, each of which generates a different compensation phase when subjected to a y-polarized incident wave, so as to form a required beam direction; the method is based on a magnetic electric dipole antenna loaded with split ring resonators, can realize higher selectivity under a planar structure, avoids the design of a complex filter part and a higher profile of a three-dimensional structure in an antenna-filter-antenna structure, can be widely applied to long-distance communication, and can more fully utilize limited electromagnetic spectrum.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of microwave and antenna technology, and relates to a transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics. BACKGROUND

[0002] In long-distance wireless communication, high-gain antennas are a very important part, and transmissive array and reflective array antennas have attracted widespread attention in high-gain antennas due to their simple feeding structure, easy manufacturing and low loss. High-gain antennas are often used as the first or last stage of a radio frequency communication system, and need to be cascaded with filters. In the 5G era, higher requirements are put forward for the small size and high integration of radio frequency communication systems, and the proposal of filtering antennas can integrate filters and antennas, effectively reduce the size of radio frequency communication systems, and avoid additional loss caused by cascading.

[0003] The integration of filters and reflective array antennas or transmissive array antennas can form filtering reflective array antennas and filtering transmissive array antennas, respectively. The filtering reflective array has a slight gain reduction due to the blocking of the feeding antenna, while the filtering transmissive array can avoid this problem and has received more attention. In the 5G era, more data needs to be transmitted, and full use of frequency spectrum resources can transmit more data in a limited frequency band. The transmissive array antenna with high selective filtering characteristics can meet this requirement.

[0004] Current main implementation methods of filtering transmissive array include using 3D structure, introducing a sub-reflector to adjust phase, using multi-layer frequency selection structure, and using antenna-filter-antenna method. Some of the methods using 3D structure and antenna-filter-antenna method can achieve high selectivity, but the 3D structure will result in a high profile thickness of the transmissive array surface, and the antenna-filter-antenna method introduces a filter structure in the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna to realize the filtering function and the phase adjustment function, but the filter structure needs a complex design process.

[0005] Therefore, how to realize a transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics with a low profile and a simple design process is a key problem. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and provides a transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics. The present application proposes a design method based on a loaded split-ring resonator magnetic electric dipole, which includes a set of magnetic electric dipoles symmetric about a metal ground plane except for a feed structure, which are respectively a receiving magnetic electric dipole and a transmitting magnetic electric dipole. By utilizing the characteristics of the magnetic electric dipole, a radiation zero point is introduced at a low frequency, and by the half-wave resonance characteristics of the split-ring resonator, a radiation zero point is introduced at a high frequency. Electromagnetic energy can be effectively transmitted within a center frequency band. By rotating the feed structure of the bottom transmitting magnetic electric dipole by 0° or 180° around the center, the transmission phase of the center frequency band is changed by 0° and 180°, and two units with a transmission phase difference of 180° are formed. By the transmissive array antenna composed of the units, high selectivity can be achieved while ensuring a low profile through a relatively simple design process.

[0007] The technical solution of the present application to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is:

[0008] A transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics, the main part comprising:

[0009] As a planar transmissive array, it includes a receiving magnetic electric (ME) dipole and a transmitting magnetic electric (ME) dipole.

[0010] As a feed source, the horn antenna is located directly above the planar transmissive array.

[0011] By rotating the feed part of the transmitting magnetic electric dipole of the planar transmissive array by 0° or 180° around the central axis, a 180° transmission phase difference is achieved.

[0012] The planar transmissive array includes a plurality of periodically and seamlessly distributed transmissive units. Each transmissive unit produces a different compensation phase when subjected to a y-polarized incident wave, thereby forming the required beam direction.

[0013] Each transmissive unit includes, from top to bottom, a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a second metal layer, a second dielectric layer, a third metal layer, a third dielectric layer, a fourth metal layer, a fourth dielectric layer, and a fifth metal layer.

[0014] The first metal layer, the first dielectric layer, the second metal layer, the second dielectric layer, and the third metal layer constitute the receiving magnetic electric dipole of the transmissive unit, and the third metal layer, the third dielectric layer, the fourth metal layer, the fourth dielectric layer, and the fifth metal layer constitute the transmitting magnetic electric dipole of the transmissive unit.

[0015] As preferred, the first metal layer comprises four top-layer metal open-ring patches and a first rectangular metal patch, the four top-layer metal open-ring patches are arranged in a central symmetry, and there is a gap between adjacent top-layer metal open-ring patches; the first rectangular metal patch is in a strip shape, and is located in the gap between the widths of the four top-layer metal open-ring patches and does not contact the top-layer metal open-ring patches.

[0016] The second metal layer comprises a second rectangular metal patch.

[0017] The third metal layer is a ground metal surface, which is provided with a cutout.

[0018] The fourth metal layer comprises a third rectangular metal patch.

[0019] The fifth metal layer adopts an axial symmetric structure of the first metal layer about the lengthwise central axis, and specifically comprises four bottom-layer metal open-ring patches and a fourth rectangular metal patch.

[0020] As preferred, each top-layer metal open-ring patch adopts a square open ring, the opening of the square open ring is located at a top corner position, and the opening of the square open ring is inwardly bent, and a rectangular metal patch is arranged at a position opposite to the opening in the space inside the square open ring; two adjacent sides of the rectangular metal patch are connected with the square open ring, and the other two adjacent sides face the space inside the square open ring.

[0021] As preferred, the openings of the four top-layer metal open-ring patches are respectively located at four diagonal positions of the first dielectric layer, and there is a distance from the openings to the edges of the first dielectric layer.

[0022] As preferred, the second metal layer and the first metal layer are connected through first metallized vias penetrating through the first dielectric layer.

[0023] The third rectangular metal patch and the fourth rectangular metal patch are connected through second metallized vias penetrating through the fourth dielectric layer;

[0024] The top-layer metal open-ring patch, the bottom-layer metal open-ring patch and the third metal layer are connected through metallized through holes penetrating through the first dielectric layer, the second metal layer, the second dielectric layer, the third dielectric layer, the fourth metal layer and the fourth dielectric layer.

[0025] As preferred, the first metallized via, the first rectangular metal patch and the second rectangular metal patch constitute a feed part for receiving a magnetic-electric dipole; the second metallized via, the third rectangular metal patch and the fourth rectangular metal patch constitute a feed part for emitting a magnetic-electric dipole; the feed part for receiving a magnetic-electric dipole and the feed part for emitting a magnetic-electric dipole are connected through a third metallized via.

[0026] The third metallized via penetrates the second dielectric layer, the third metal layer and the third dielectric layer, and is not in contact with the third metal layer by hole digging.

[0027] As a preference, the planar transmissive array is gapped from the horn antenna.

[0028] As a preference, the wide mouth of the horn antenna faces the planar transmissive array.

[0029] As a preference, the planar transmissive array is in a shape of quasi-circle; and the transmissive unit is in a shape of square.

[0030] As a preference, the feeding part of the magnetic electric dipole of all the transmissive units in the planar transmissive array is not completely the same in rotation angle.

[0031] The present application has the following advantages: the present application proposes a new method for designing a low-profile transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics, which is based on a magnetic electric dipole antenna loaded with split ring resonators, can realize a maximum gain of 20.07dBi, a corresponding aperture efficiency of 20.6%, a 3dB gain bandwidth of 12.3%, and a selectivity of 0.86, can realize high selectivity under a planar structure, avoids the design of a complex filter part and a high profile of a three-dimensional structure in an antenna-filter-antenna structure, and can be widely applied to long-distance communication, and can more fully utilize limited electromagnetic spectrum. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a side view of a reflective unit structure of the low-profile transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics according to the present application.

[0033] Figure 2 is an exploded view of a reflective unit structure of the low-profile transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics according to the present application.

[0034] Figure 3 Figs. (a)-(b) are respectively a first metal layer structure schematic view and a size marking view of a reflective unit of the low-profile transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics according to the present application.

[0035] Figure 4 is a second / third metal layer structure schematic view of a reflective unit of the low-profile transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics according to the present application.

[0036] Figure 5 is a third metal layer structure schematic view of a reflective unit of the low-profile transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics according to the present application.

[0037] Figure 6Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fourth metal layer structure in a reflective element of a low-profile transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics according to the present application.

[0038] Figure 7 Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fifth metal layer structure in a reflective element of a low-profile transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics according to the present application.

[0039] Figure 8 Fig. 6 is a graph of reflection amplitude and reflection phase curves of a 0° element and a 180° element of a low-profile transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics according to the present application under y-polarized electromagnetic wave incidence.

[0040] Figure 9 Fig. 7 is a graph of reflection amplitude and reflection phase curves of a 0° element of a low-profile transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics according to the present application under y-polarized electromagnetic wave incidence at different incidence angles θ.

[0041] Figure 10 Fig. 8 is a distribution diagram of a 0° element and a 180° element of a low-profile transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics according to the present application.

[0042] Figure 11 Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a low-profile transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics according to the present application.

[0043] Figure 12 Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a horn antenna according to the present application; wherein (a) is a bottom view, (b) is a side view, and (c) is a front view.

[0044] Figure 13 Fig. 11 is an E-plane normalized radiation pattern of a low-profile transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics according to the present application at 10.3 GHz.

[0045] Figure 14 Fig. 12 is an H-plane normalized radiation pattern of a low-profile transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics according to the present application at 10.3 GHz.

[0046] Figure 15 Fig. 13 is a simulation gain and aperture efficiency result diagram of a low-profile transmissive array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics according to the present application.

[0047] Marked in the figure: 1, receiving magneto-electric dipole; 2, transmitting magneto-electric dipole; 3, first metal layer; 31, top layer metal open loop patch; 311, square open loop; 312, rectangular metal patch; 32, first rectangular metal patch; 4, second metal layer; 41, second rectangular metal patch; 5, third metal layer; 51, hole; 6, fourth metal layer; 61, third rectangular metal patch; 7, fifth metal layer; 71, bottom layer metal open loop patch; 72, fourth rectangular metal patch; 8, first dielectric layer; 81, first metalized via; 9, second dielectric layer; 10, third dielectric layer; 11, fourth dielectric layer; 111, second metalized via; 12, metalized through hole; 13, third metalized via; 14, planar transmission array; 15, horn antenna; 1501, first metal sheet; 1502, second metal sheet; 1503, first metal column; 1504, second metal column; 1505, third metal column; 1506, fourth metal column; 1507, fifth metal column; 1508, sixth metal column; 1509, first metal surface; 1510, second metal surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The application will be further analyzed in combination with specific embodiments, but the specific examples here are only used to explain the application, and are not limited to the specific examples presented here.

[0049] A kind of transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics, as shown in Figure 11 The main part shown in the figure includes: planar transmission array 14, horn antenna 15, the aperture plane of horn antenna 15 is parallel to the aperture plane of planar transmission array 14 and the distance is 153mm, the long side of the aperture plane of feed horn antenna 15 is parallel to x axis (length direction).

[0050] As shown in Figure 12The horn antenna 15 adopts a broadband horn antenna, including a horn structure channel, a first metal sheet 1501, a second metal sheet 1502, a first metal surface 1509, a second metal surface 1510, and six metal columns (i.e., a first metal column 1503, a second metal column 1504, a third metal column 1505, a fourth metal column 1506, a fifth metal column 1507, and a sixth metal column 1508); the narrow opening of the horn structure channel is a closed opening, and the wide opening is an open end; the wide opening of the horn structure channel faces the planar transmission array 14; the symmetric two side edges of the wide opening of the horn structure channel are respectively provided with the first metal surface 1509 and the second metal surface 1510; the wide opening end of the horn structure channel is further provided with the first metal sheet 1501 and the second metal sheet 1502 which are symmetric around the central axis; the first metal sheet 1501 and the second metal sheet 1502 are located between the first metal surface 1509 and the second metal surface 1510, and one side edge of each is respectively connected with the first metal surface 1509 and the second metal surface 1510; there is a gap between the first metal sheet 1501 and the second metal sheet 1502; the other symmetric two side edges of the wide opening of the horn structure channel are respectively provided with three metal columns with equal intervals, and the two ends of the metal columns are distributed on the side edges connected with the first metal surface 1509 and the second metal surface 1510.

[0051] The planar transmission array 14 is in the shape of a circle, and as a transmission surface, it includes a plurality of periodically and seamlessly distributed transmission units; each transmission unit is in the shape of a square, and the transmission unit can generate a compensation phase of 0° and 180° when receiving a y-polarized incident wave, so as to form a required beam direction.

[0052] As shown in FIG. 1, the planar transmission array 14 is in the shape of a circle, and as a transmission surface, it includes a plurality of periodically and seamlessly distributed transmission units; each transmission unit is in the shape of a square, and the transmission unit can generate a compensation phase of 0° and 180° when receiving a y-polarized incident wave, so as to form a required beam direction. Figures 1-2 Each transmission unit includes a receiving ME dipole 1 and a transmitting magnetic electric dipole 2, and the receiving ME dipole 1 includes a first metal layer 3, a second metal layer 4, a third metal layer 5, a first dielectric layer 8, a second dielectric layer 9, and a partially metalized through-hole 12 penetrating through the first dielectric layer 8 and the second dielectric layer 9.

[0053] As shown in FIG. 1, the planar transmission array 14 is in the shape of a circle, and as a transmission surface, it includes a plurality of periodically and seamlessly distributed transmission units; each transmission unit is in the shape of a square, and the transmission unit can generate a compensation phase of 0° and 180° when receiving a y-polarized incident wave, so as to form a required beam direction. Figure 3 As shown in (a) of FIG. 1, the first metal layer 3 includes a top layer metal open ring patch 31 and a first rectangular metal patch 32; the top layer metal open ring patch 31 includes four open rings which are symmetrically distributed around the center of the unit and are in a 2×2 distribution; there is a gap between adjacent top layer metal open ring patches 31; the first rectangular metal patch 32 is in the shape of a strip, is located in the width direction gap between the four top layer metal open ring patches 31, and does not contact the top layer metal open ring patch 31.

[0054] Each top layer metal open loop patch 31 adopts a square open loop 311, the opening of the square open loop 311 is located at the top corner position, and the opening of the square open loop 311 is bent inward, and a rectangular metal patch 312 is arranged in the space inside the loop of the square open loop 311 opposite the opening; two adjacent edges of the rectangular metal patch 312 are connected with the square open loop 311, and the other two adjacent edges face the space inside the loop of the square open loop 311.

[0055] The open loop openings of the four top layer metal open loop patches 31 are respectively located at four diagonal positions of the first dielectric layer 8, and there is a distance between the open loop openings and the edge of the first dielectric layer 8.

[0056] As shown in FIG. 2(b), the shorter y-axis (width) length of the first rectangular metal patch 32 and the fourth rectangular metal patch 72 is Figure 3 2; the longest side length of the top layer metal open loop patch 31 and the bottom layer metal open loop patch 71 is 3, the width is w2, the second longest side length is 4, the width is w3, the shortest side length is 5, the width is w4, the distance from the center of the unit is g1, and there is a rectangular metal patch 312 with a width of w1 near the center of the unit connected with the metalized via hole 12, and the diameter of the metalized via hole 12 is r1. As shown in FIG. 2(b), the shorter y-axis (width) length of the first rectangular metal patch 32 and the fourth rectangular metal patch 72 is 2; the longest side length of the top layer metal open loop patch 31 and the bottom layer metal open loop patch 71 is

[0057] 3, the width is w2, the second longest side length is Figure 4 4, the width is w3, the shortest side length is 5, the width is w4, the distance from the center of the unit is g1, and there is a rectangular metal patch 312 with a width of w1 near the center of the unit connected with the metalized via hole 12, and the diameter of the metalized via hole 12 is r1.

[0058] Figure 5 The third metal layer 5 includes a ground metal surface provided with a circular cutout 51.

[0059] The second metal layer 4 and the first metal layer 3 are connected through the first metalized via hole 81 penetrating the first dielectric layer 8.

[0060] The first dielectric layer 8 includes the first metalized via hole 81.

[0061] The transmitting magnetic electric dipole includes the third metal layer 5, the fourth metal layer 6, the fifth metal layer 7, the third dielectric layer 10, the fourth dielectric layer 11, and part of the metalized via hole 12 penetrating the third dielectric layer 10 and the fourth dielectric layer 11.

[0062] As shown in FIG. 2(b), the shorter y-axis (width) length of the first rectangular metal patch 32 and the fourth rectangular metal patch 72 is Figure 6The fourth metal layer 6 comprises a third rectangular metal patch 61; the length and width of the third rectangular metal patch 61 meet the connection requirements of the second metallized via hole 111 penetrating the fourth dielectric layer 11 and the third metallized via hole 13 penetrating the second dielectric layer 9, the cutout 51 and the third dielectric layer 10; preferably, the length and width of the third rectangular metal patch 61 are the same as those of the second rectangular metal patch 41.

[0063] As Figure 7 The fifth metal layer 7 comprises a bottom metal open ring patch 71 and a fourth rectangular metal patch 72; the bottom metal open ring patch 71 comprises four open rings symmetrically distributed around the center of the unit.

[0064] The third rectangular metal patch 61 and the fourth rectangular metal patch 72 are connected through the second metallized via hole 111 penetrating the fourth dielectric layer 11.

[0065] Each top metal open ring patch 31, bottom metal open ring patch 71 and third metal layer 5 are connected through the metallized via hole 12 penetrating the first dielectric layer 8, the second metal layer 4, the second dielectric layer 9, the third dielectric layer 10, the fourth metal layer 6 and the fourth dielectric layer 11. The metallized via hole 12 is connected with the rectangular metal patch 312 of each top metal open ring patch 31.

[0066] The fourth dielectric layer 11 comprises a second metallized via hole 111.

[0067] The first rectangular metal patch 32, the second rectangular metal patch 41 and the first metallized via hole 81 constitute the feeding part of the receiving ME dipole 1; the third rectangular metal patch 61, the fourth rectangular metal patch 72 and the second metallized via hole 111 constitute the feeding part of the transmitting magnetic electric dipole 2; the feeding part of the receiving ME dipole 1 and the feeding part of the transmitting magnetic electric dipole 2 are connected through the third metallized via hole 13 penetrating the second dielectric layer 9, the cutout 51 and the third dielectric layer 10; the phase difference of 180° of transmission phase is realized by rotating the feeding part of the transmitting magnetic electric dipole 2 by 0° and 180° around the axis perpendicular to the unit and passing through the center of the unit; when the fourth rectangular metal patch 72 points to the negative direction of the y-axis (width direction), it is rotated by 0°; when the fourth rectangular metal patch 72 points to the positive direction of the y-axis (width direction), it is rotated by 180°.

[0068] The distance between the centers of adjacent transmitting units is p; p can be 7.9 mm.

[0069] The rotation angles of the feeding parts of the transmitting magnetic electric dipoles 2 of all transmitting units in the planar transmitting array 14 are not exactly the same.

[0070] The lengths of the second rectangular metal patch 41 and the third rectangular metal patch 61 are 6.

[0071] The dielectric substrate used in the first dielectric layer 8 and the fourth dielectric layer 11 is F4BTMS220, with a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, a loss tangent angle of 0.0009, and a thickness h1 of 0.6 mm.

[0072] The dielectric substrate used in the second dielectric layer 9 and the third dielectric layer 10 is F4BTMS220, with a relative dielectric constant of 2.2, a loss tangent angle of 0.0009, and a thickness h2 of 0.9 mm.

[0073] The first metal layer 3, the second metal layer 4, the third metal layer 5, the fourth metal layer 6, and the fifth metal layer 7 are copper materials with a thickness of 0.036 mm.

[0074] Rotating the feed part of the rotating transmitting magnetic electric dipole 2 by 0° and 180° can achieve a phase difference of a transmission phase of 180°, as shown in Figure 8 Rotating the feed part of the rotating transmitting magnetic electric dipole 2 by 0° and 180° can achieve a phase difference of a transmission phase of 180°, and the transmission amplitude can be stabilized at above -1.5 dB in the frequency range of 9.55 GHz-11 GHz, in combination with Figure 9 When the unit is incident at different incident angles θ, the transmission phase and amplitude can remain stable.

[0075] In summary, the preferred selection 1 = 0.6 mm, 2 = 3 mm, 3 = 3 mm, 4 = 2 mm, 5 = 1.2 mm, 6 = 1.5 mm, r1 = 0.4 mm, w1 = 1.2 mm, w2 = 0.5 mm, w3 = 0.35 mm, g1 = 0.5 mm, p = 7.9 mm, to form a transmission unit. The planar transmission array 14 has a diameter of 221.2 mm and includes 621 transmission units.

[0076] The embodiment also provides a phase control method for the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics, including the following steps:

[0077] Step 1: First, design a transmission unit that can produce a phase response to y-polarized incident waves. This transmission unit can switch the transmission phase to 0° or 180° when the transmission amplitude is greater than -1.5 dB.

[0078] Step 2: According to the required direction of the y-polarized wave beam and the distance from the feed antenna to the planar transmission array 14, calculate the phase compensation required for the y-polarized incident wave produced by the feed horn antenna.

[0079] Step 3, the required phase compensation is filled into the plane transmission array 14 corresponding to the designed 0° unit and 180° unit, and the 0° and 180° units are filled into the actual plane transmission array 14 (in the example, the designed y polarized wave beam points to 160°, and the corresponding unit distribution diagram is as shown in Figure 15

[0080] It can be seen from Figure 13 and 14 that the E-plane main beam direction of the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics is 160°, which is consistent with the expectation. The E-plane side lobe level and cross polarization are lower than -10dB and -41dB, respectively. The H-plane side lobe level and cross polarization are lower than -19dB and -41dB, respectively.

[0081] It can be seen from Figure 14 that when the maximum gain of the example is 20.07dBi, the corresponding aperture efficiency is 20.6%, the 3dB gain bandwidth is 12.3%, and the selectivity is 0.86, which is defined as (F -3dBmax –F -3dBmin ) / (F -10dBmax –F -10dBmin ).

[0082] In summary, the low-profile transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics of the present application has good radiation performance in the working frequency band and realizes high selectivity by utilizing the characteristics of the ME dipole to generate a radiation zero point at a low frequency and by utilizing the split ring resonator composed of the split ring to generate a radiation zero point at a high frequency.

[0083] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, several improvements and refinements can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.​

Claims

1. A transmission array antenna with high selective gain filtering characteristics, comprising: A planar transmission array (14) as a transmission surface, comprising a receiving magneto-electric dipole (1) and a transmitting magneto-electric dipole (2); A horn antenna (15) as a feed source, which is located directly above the planar transmission array (14); A transmission phase difference of 180 degrees is achieved by rotating the feeding portion of the transmitting magnetoelectric dipole (2) of the planar transmission array (14) by 0° or 180° around the central axis; The feature is that the planar transmission array (14) comprises a plurality of periodically seamlessly distributed transmission units, each transmission unit generating a different compensation phase when subjected to a y-polarized incident wave, thereby forming a required beam direction; Each transmission unit comprises, from top to bottom, a first metal layer (3), a first dielectric layer (8), a second metal layer (4), a second dielectric layer (9), a third metal layer (5), a third dielectric layer (10), a fourth metal layer (6), a fourth dielectric layer (11), and a fifth metal layer (7); The receiving magnetoelectric dipole (1) of the transmission unit comprises a first metal layer (3), a first dielectric layer (8), a second metal layer (4), a second dielectric layer (9), and a third metal layer (5); the transmitting magnetoelectric dipole (2) of the transmission unit comprises a third metal layer (5), a third dielectric layer (10), a fourth metal layer (6), a fourth dielectric layer (11), and a fifth metal layer (7); the first metal layer (3) comprises four top metal open ring patches (31) and a first rectangular metal patch (32); each top metal open ring patch (31) adopts a square open ring (311), and the opening of the square open ring (311) is located at a top corner.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The four top-layer metal open ring patches (31) are centrally symmetrically arranged, and gaps exist between adjacent top-layer metal open ring patches (31); the first rectangular metal patch (32) is strip-shaped, and is located between the widthwise gaps of the four top-layer metal open ring patches (31), and does not contact the top-layer metal open ring patches (31); The second metal layer (4) includes a second rectangular metal patch (41), the length and width of which meet the connection requirements of the first metallized via (81) penetrating the first dielectric layer (8) and the third metallized via (13); The third metal layer (5) is a grounded metal surface, which is provided with a hole (51); The third metalized via (13) penetrates the second dielectric layer (9), the third metal layer (5) and the third dielectric layer (10), and does not contact the third metal layer (5) through the hole (51); The fourth metal layer (6) includes a third rectangular metal patch (61), the length and width of which meet the connection requirements of the second metallized via (111) penetrating the fourth dielectric layer (11) and the third metallized via (13); The fifth metal layer (7) adopts the axisymmetric structure of the first metal layer (3) about the longitudinal center axis, and specifically comprises four bottom metal open ring patches (71) and a fourth rectangular metal patch (72).

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The opening of the square open ring (311) is bent inward, and a rectangular metal patch (312) is provided in the inner space of the square open ring (311) at a position opposite to the opening; two adjacent sides of the rectangular metal patch (312) are connected to the square open ring (311), and the other two adjacent sides face the inner space of the square open ring (311).

4. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The open ring openings of the four top metal open ring patches (31) are respectively located at four diagonal positions of the first dielectric layer (8) and are spaced apart from the edge of the first dielectric layer (8).

5. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second metal layer (4) and the first metal layer (3) are connected via a first metallized via (81) that penetrates the first dielectric layer (8); The third rectangular metal patch (61) and the fourth rectangular metal patch (72) are connected via a second metallized via (111) penetrating the fourth dielectric layer (11); The top metal open ring patch (31), the bottom metal open ring patch (71) and the third metal layer (5) are connected via a metallized through hole (12) that penetrates the first dielectric layer (8), the second metal layer (4), the second dielectric layer (9), the third dielectric layer (10), the fourth metal layer (6) and the fourth dielectric layer (11).

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first metallized via (81), the first rectangular metal patch (32) and the second rectangular metal patch (41) constitute the feeding part of the receiving magneto-electric dipole (1); the second metallized via (111), the third rectangular metal patch (61) and the fourth rectangular metal patch (72) constitute the feeding part of the transmitting magneto-electric dipole (2); the feeding part of the receiving magneto-electric dipole (1) and the feeding part of the transmitting magneto-electric dipole (2) are connected via the third metallized via (13).

7. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a gap between the planar transmission array (14) and the horn antenna (15).

8. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The wide mouth of the horn antenna (15) faces the planar transmission array (14).

9. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The shape of the planar transmission array (14) is quasi-circular; the shape of the transmission unit is square.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The rotation angles of the feeding parts of the transmitting magnetoelectric dipoles (2) of all transmission units in the planar transmission array (14) are not completely the same.

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