Fuel composition with low impact on co2 emissions and in particular its use in new vehicles

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuel composition comprising: (i) 85 to 98% by weight of a hydrocarbon mixture comprising: a) 8 to 40% by weight of an aromatic compound; b) 50 to 90% by weight of a non-cyclic alkane containing at least 4 carbon atoms; and c) 2 to 15% by weight of a naphthenic hydrocarbon; and (ii) from 2 to 15% by weight of ethanol, the composition having a density at 15 DEG C in the range of from 720 to 745 kg / m3 as measured according to standard EN ISO 12185. The composition is used to power spark-ignition engines, and in particular as an "OEM" fuel for vehicles equipped with new engines.

Description

[0001] An object of the present invention is a fuel composition for a vehicle comprising a spark-ignition engine (or gasoline engine), said fuel composition having specific properties.

[0002] Another object of the invention is the use of such a composition for powering spark-ignition engines both in conventional vehicles, in particular automotive vehicles, and in racing vehicles. The invention more particularly relates to the use of the composition as a first fuel in new engines.

[0003] Gasoline-type fuels sold in Europe for use in spark-ignition engines, in particular those used in automotive vehicles, must meet the specifications of standard EN 228, which defines a number of criteria, such as a motor octane number (MON) of greater than 85 and a research octane number (RON) of at least 95. In a manner known per se, the octane number measures the resistance of a fuel used in spark-ignition engines to auto-ignition.

[0004] These fuels are suitable for use in most vehicle engines.

[0005] However, when the gasoline fuel is a so-called "first fill fuel" (ie, the fuel used to power a new engine, such as is typically provided with a new car), special requirements apply.

[0006] A new engine is an engine that has not been used since it was manufactured.

[0007] In particular, at the end of an automotive vehicle assembly line, the fuel tank in a new vehicle is fully or partially filled with a first fill of fuel, which corresponds to the very first fuel that powers the engine when the vehicle is put into service.

[0008] These first fuellings must meet very specific technical requirements.

[0009] The first set of requirements is caused by the numerous starts and stops of the vehicle without the vehicle rolling off the assembly line and should be implemented without any engine fouling. Under these conditions, the first fuel fill must protect the new engine, guaranteeing its cleanliness and proper functioning until the vehicle is delivered to the first customer.

[0010] Furthermore, after having been manufactured, automotive vehicles are typically stored and transported around the world before being put into service for the first time. Thus, the first fill fuel is stored in the vehicle for a long time, often several months, before being consumed by the vehicle's end user. Therefore, the first fill fuel should have excellent long-term storage stability, especially oxidation stability.

[0011] Furthermore, vehicles are often put into service at a point of sale very far from where they were manufactured: this could be on a different continent with fundamentally different climatic conditions. However, starting the vehicle should not present difficulties for the end user. For this reason, the first refuelling should enable the vehicle to start immediately and run smoothly, regardless of whether it is sold in a hot region or in a very cold country.

[0012] Finally, the operators working on the assembly line are particularly exposed to the emissions resulting from the combustion of the fuel, since the engines are started and stopped several times on the assembly line until their final sale. For this reason, it is also important that the first refueling has a high level of safety. In particular, the health, safety and environmental restrictions imposed by some car manufacturers can be stringent in order to avoid any toxicity of the fuel for the operators who have to handle it regularly.

[0013] First-time refueling is therefore subject to much higher technical, logistical and environmental requirements than conventional fuels sold at service stations.

[0014] In addition, for all vehicles, especially those intended for consumer applications, there is a growing trend towards the use of fuels formulated from plant-based bases, and especially so-called "bio-derived" bases, in order to meet environmental concerns and limit the use of fossil resources. Current environmental concerns are therefore prompting users to look for more environmentally friendly fuels.

[0015] However, the use of fuel compositions derived from bio-derived substrates must not compromise fuel performance.

[0016] Therefore, there is a need to develop new fuel compositions for powering spark-ignition engines which meet the requirements of modern vehicles while being formulated from substrates and / or compounds of renewable origin, also referred to as bio-derived compounds.

[0017] There is also a need to formulate fuels that meet the specific requirements of first-time fueling, which can also be formulated from bio-derived matrices.

[0018] As is well known in the art, octane improver additives (or octane boosters) are typically added to gasoline type fuel compositions. In particular, organometallic compounds containing iron, lead or manganese are well known octane improvers.

[0019] Therefore, tetraethyl lead (TEL) has been widely used as a highly effective octane improver. However, in most parts of the world, TEL and other organometallic compounds can now be used in fuels only in very small amounts, if at all, because they can be toxic, damage engines and are harmful to the environment.

[0020] Non-metal based octane improvers include oxygenates (e.g., ethers and alcohols) and aromatic amines. However, these additives also have a number of disadvantages. For example, N-methylaniline (NMA), which is an aromatic amine, must be used at a relatively high treatment rate (1.5 to 2% additive mass / fuel matrix mass) to have a significant effect on the octane number of the fuel. NMA can also be toxic.

[0021] By way of example, document US Pat. No. 4,812,146 describes an unleaded gasoline fuel composition for racing engines comprising at least four components selected from butane, isopentane, toluene, MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) and alkylates.

[0022] Document WO 2010 / 014501 describes an unleaded gasoline fuel composition comprising at least 45% by volume of branched paraffins, up to 34% by volume of one or more mono- and di-alkylated benzenes, 5 to 6% by volume of at least one linear paraffin having 3 to 5 carbon atoms (expressed as C3-C5), one or more alkanols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms (expressed as C2-C4) in an amount sufficient to increase the AKI (i.e. Antiknock Index) (i.e. (RON+MON) / 2) to at least 93. These compositions are said to have high torque and maximum power.

[0023] Therefore, fuel compositions are sought that have good inherent properties, ie, do not necessitate the addition of octane improver additives such as those described above.

[0024] Continuing its research into the development of fuel formulations for gasoline engines, the Applicant has now found a composition making it possible to meet the above objectives.

[0025] One object of the present invention is therefore a fuel composition comprising:

[0026] (i) 85 to 98% by weight of a hydrocarbon mixture comprising:

[0027] a) 8 to 40% by weight of aromatic compounds;

[0028] b) 50 to 90% by weight of acyclic alkanes containing at least 4 carbon atoms; and

[0029] c) 2 to 15% by weight of naphthenes; and

[0030] (ii) 2 to 15% by weight of ethanol,

[0031] The composition has a relative humidity of 720 to 745 kg / m2, measured at 15°C according to standard EN ISO 12185. 3 density within the range of .

[0032] These compositions are intended for use in powering spark ignition engines (or gasoline engines). These engines can be found in any vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine (ICE), including conventional vehicles as well as rechargeable and non-rechargeable hybrid electric vehicles and dual fuel vehicles. The compositions according to the invention are also used to power dual fuel compression ignition engines.

[0033] The fuel composition according to the invention complies with the specifications of standard EN 228. In particular, it has high RON and MON octane numbers.

[0034] The compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in applications where restrictions and requirements are extremely high, such as in vehicles equipped with new engines. The compositions according to the invention therefore constitute in particular high-performance so-called first-fill fuels.

[0035] They are extremely storage stable and can withstand very wide temperature variations. They can be used in a wide range of climatic conditions from hot to very cold regions. They do not foul engines and have good safety properties.

[0036] The composition according to the invention also offers significant advantages for uses other than in vehicles equipped with new engines, for example, so-called user uses, in particular for light-duty vehicles (or LDVs). If necessary, it should comply with the specifications of standard EN 228.

[0037] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the composition according to the invention may be prepared entirely or partly from biomass and in particular from substrates and / or compounds of plant origin. In particular, the composition according to the invention may contain at least 30% by weight of one or more substrates of biological origin, preferably at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, and even better at least 90% by weight of one or more substrates of biological origin. According to a specific embodiment, the composition according to the invention consists entirely of compounds of biological origin (content greater than 99.9% by weight).

[0038] Thus, compared to fossil substrates, it provides a very large gain in carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents, on the order of at least 20% compared to conventional fuels that do not contain hydrocarbons derived from biomass, such as hydrocarbon-based fuels of fossil (petroleum) origin.

[0039] This gain in CO2 equivalent is calculated over the entire life cycle of the fuel composition, from production to use. It corresponds to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and can be determined by a life cycle analysis according to standard ISO 14040-44.

[0040] Another subject of the invention is the use of the fuel composition defined above to power a spark-ignition engine.

[0041] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the composition according to the invention is used as a fuel for the first filling of a new engine, ie as a "first fill" fuel. In other words, the composition is used to power a new engine in an automotive vehicle.

[0042] Other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly upon reading the following description and examples.

[0043] In the following, and unless otherwise indicated, the limits of the range of values ​​are included in the range, especially in the following expressions: “between… and…”, “in the range of… to…” and “ranging from… to…”.

[0044] Furthermore, the expressions “at least one” and “at least” used in the present specification are equivalent to the expressions “one or more” and “higher than or equal to”, respectively.

[0045] Finally, in a manner known per se, C N A compound refers to a chemical compound containing N carbon atoms in its chemical structure.

[0046] Fuel composition

[0047] The composition according to the invention comprises a hydrocarbon mixture (i) containing:

[0048] a) 8 to 40% by weight of aromatic compounds;

[0049] b) 50 to 90% by weight of acyclic alkanes containing at least 4 carbon atoms; and

[0050] c) 2 to 15% by weight of cycloparaffins.

[0051] These contents are expressed by weight, relative to the weight of said hydrocarbon mixture (i).

[0052] The hydrocarbon mixture (i) represents 85 to 98% by weight relative to the total weight of the fuel composition, preferably 88 to 95% by weight relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.

[0053] The aromatic compound(s) (i)a) are preferably chosen from alkylbenzenes containing 7 to 12 carbon atoms.Alkylbenzenes, in a manner known per se, are benzene derivatives in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or more alkyl groups.

[0054] The aromatic compound(s) may be chosen in particular from toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (and especially 1,2-dimethylbenzene or o-xylene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene or m-xylene and 1,4-dimethylbenzene or p-xylene), 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene), 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene, and mixtures thereof.

[0055] Mixtures of aromatic compounds are particularly preferred, and more particularly mixtures of alkylbenzenes containing 8 to 10 carbon atoms, for example ethylbenzene, xylene (and especially 1,2-dimethylbenzene or o-xylene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene or m-xylene and 1,4-dimethylbenzene or p-xylene), 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) and 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene.

[0056] The content of the aromatic compound (i)a) is from 8 to 40% by weight, preferably from 10 to 30% by weight and better still from 12 to 25% by weight relative to the weight of the hydrocarbon mixture (i).

[0057] The composition according to the invention further comprises an acyclic alkane (i)b) containing at least 4 carbon atoms.

[0058] “Paraffins” refer, in a manner known per se, to branched alkanes (also called isoparaffins or isoalkanes) and to unbranched alkanes (also called normal paraffins or n-alkanes).

[0059] The alkanes are preferably selected from those comprising 5 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 9 carbon atoms.

[0060] The paraffins may be selected from normal paraffins (or normal paraffins, ie linear alkanes) and isoparaffins (ie branched alkanes).

[0061] Mixtures of normal and isoparaffins chosen from those mentioned above are particularly preferred, preferably containing a major proportion of isoparaffins, wherein the weight ratio of the amount of isoparaffins to the amount of normal paraffins is greater than or equal to 6, preferably greater than or equal to 8 and better still greater than or equal to 10. According to a preferred embodiment, this ratio is in the range of 8 to 20, preferably from 10 to 18 and better still from 12 to 15.

[0062] The hydrocarbon mixture (i) advantageously contains from 3 to 10% by weight of n-paraffins and from 40 to 87% by weight of isoparaffins.

[0063] Preferably, the content of paraffins (i) b) ranges from 60 to 90% by weight, more preferably from 70 to 85% by weight, relative to the weight of the hydrocarbon mixture (i).

[0064] The composition according to the invention further comprises cycloparaffins (i)c).

[0065] “Naphthene”, in a manner known per se, refers to cyclic alkane (or cycloalkane) containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms. Preferably, the cycloalkane is chosen from cyclic alkanes containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms and more preferably 6 to 9 carbon atoms.

[0066] Preferably, the content of cycloparaffins (i)c) ranges from 2 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 3 to 6% by weight, relative to the weight of the hydrocarbon mixture (i).

[0067] According to a preferred embodiment, at least 20% by weight of the hydrocarbon mixture (i) is derived from the processing of plant raw materials. Therefore, the mixture (i) is advantageously composed entirely or partly of hydrocarbons of biological origin, and preferably, completely of hydrocarbons of biological origin. Plant-based raw materials can be selected, for example, from cereals (wheat, corn), rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, palm oil, sugar cane, beet, plant waste such as wood waste, straw, bagasse, wine residues, used cooking vegetable oils, algae and lignocellulosic materials.

[0068] The composition according to the invention also contains ethanol.

[0069] According to a preferred embodiment, ethanol of plant origin (also called bioethanol) is used.

[0070] For example, bioethanol can be produced by fermentation of sugars (primarily glucose) using conventional or genetically modified yeast strains.Different plant raw materials can be used to produce bioethanol, including sugar cane, corn, barley, potato waste, sugar beets and wine residue such as grape marc.

[0071] The composition has an ethanol content ranging from 2 to 15% by weight, preferably from 5 to 12% by weight, relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.

[0072] According to an advantageous embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises at most 2% by weight of olefins, preferably at most 1.5% by weight of olefins, more preferably at most 1% by weight of olefins, even more preferably at most 0.5% by weight of olefins relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.

[0073] According to a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises at most 0.1% by weight of benzene. In other words, its benzene content is less than or equal to 0.1% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0074] The composition according to the invention may further comprise one or more ethers.Ethers (also called ether oxides or alkoxyalkyls) are compounds of formula RO-R', wherein R and R' may be the same or different and represent an alkyl group, typically a C1 to C5 group.

[0075] Particular mention will be made of the following ethers which are frequently incorporated into fuel compositions: methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), tert-amyl ethyl ether (TAEE), and mixtures thereof.

[0076] The composition has a relative humidity of 720 to 745 kg / m2, measured at 15°C according to standard EN ISO 12185. 3 Preferably, the density is between 720 and 730 kg / m 3 within the range.

[0077] According to a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention has a final distillation point measured according to standard EN ISO 3405 of greater than 190° C., preferably greater than or equal to 195° C.

[0078] The composition as described above generally has a Research Octane Number (RON), measured according to standard EN ISO 5164, of greater than or equal to 95, preferably greater than or equal to 99 and more preferably greater than or equal to 100.

[0079] It generally has a motor octane number (MON) greater than or equal to 85, preferably greater than or equal to 88 and more preferably greater than or equal to 90, said MON being measured according to standard EN ISO 5163.

[0080] The abovementioned values ​​relate to the intrinsic octane number of the composition in question, ie without the addition of supplementary compounds such as, in particular, octane boosting additives.

[0081] In addition to the above-mentioned base compound, the fuel composition according to the present invention may also contain one or more additives selected from those generally used in gasoline fuels.

[0082] In particular, the composition according to the invention may contain at least one detergent additive that ensures the cleanliness of the intake circuit. For example, such additives may be chosen from succinimides, polyetheramines, betaines, Mannich bases and quaternary ammonium salts optionally substituted with polyisobutylene (polyisobutylene) groups, such as those described in documents US4171959 and WO2006135881.

[0083] The composition may also contain at least one lubricity additive or antiwear agent, in particular (but not limited to) selected from fatty acids and their esters or amide derivatives, in particular glycerol monooleate and monocyclic and polycyclic carboxylic acid derivatives. Examples of such additives are given in the following documents: EP680506, EP860494, WO98 / 04656, EP915944, FR2772783, FR2772784.

[0084] Other additives may also be incorporated into the fuel compositions according to the present invention, for example, anti-valve recession additives and antioxidant additives, octane improving additives if desired.

[0085] The above additives may each be added in an amount of 10 to 5000 ppm by weight, preferably 50 to 1000 ppm by weight in the fuel composition.

[0086] According to a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises an additive package, i.e. a combination of at least two different additives, the additive being advantageously selected from detergent additives, lubricity additives, valve anti-recession additives and antioxidant additives. These additives are advantageously selected from those listed above.

[0087] The fuel composition according to the invention has a lead content (eg in the form of tetraethyl lead) generally less than or equal to 5 mg / L and is preferably lead-free, ie it contains no lead or lead-containing compounds.

[0088] Preparation of fuel compositions

[0089] The composition according to the invention can be prepared by simply mixing its components.

[0090] A non-limiting embodiment includes the following steps:

[0091] 1) preparing a hydrocarbon mixture (i) comprising 8 to 40% by weight of aromatic compounds, 50 to 90% by weight of non-cyclic paraffins containing at least 4 carbon atoms, and 2 to 15% by weight of cycloparaffins; and then

[0092] 2) 85 to 98 wt % of the mixture (i) is mixed with 2 to 15 wt % of ethanol.

[0093] The hydrocarbon mixture (i) preferably comprises at least 20% by weight of one or more substrates of biological origin, i.e. at least 20% by weight of the hydrocarbons have been obtained from vegetable raw materials. More preferably, the hydrocarbon mixture (i) comprises at least 30% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight and even better still at least 70% by weight of one or more substrates of biological origin. These amounts are expressed relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon mixture (i).

[0094] The hydrocarbon mixture (i) may further comprise hydrocarbons of non-biological origin, such as hydrocarbons of fossil (petroleum) origin, preferably in a minor amount, typically less than 80 wt. %, preferably less than 70 wt. %, more preferably less than 50 wt. %, better less than 30 wt. %. These amounts are expressed relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon mixture (i).

[0095] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the hydrocarbon mixture (i) consists entirely of one or more substrates of biological origin.

[0096] As preferred substrates of biological origin, use may be made in particular of those produced from biomass which are converted to biohydrocarbons by known catalytic conversion processes.

[0097] Similarly, the ethanol is preferably bioethanol.

[0098] The compositions according to the invention can therefore be prepared entirely from plant raw materials.

[0099] use

[0100] Another object of the invention is the use of a composition as described above to power a spark-ignition engine. The engine may be of the direct injection type or of the indirect injection type.

[0101] The fuel composition can advantageously be used to power both conventional automotive vehicle engines (so-called "consumers") and high-power spark-ignition engines (e.g. automotive racing vehicle engines). This may in particular be naturally aspirated or turbocharged engines used in racing vehicles (circuits or rallies), or hybrid engines, i.e. an internal combustion engine coupled to a rechargeable (or PHEV, for "plug-in hybrid electric vehicle") or non-rechargeable (or HEV, for "hybrid electric vehicle") electric motor.

[0102] According to a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention is used as a "first fill" fuel, i.e. as a fuel for the first fill in a vehicle comprising a new engine. In other words, the composition is used to power a new engine of a vehicle, in particular an automotive vehicle or other vehicle (heavy goods vehicle, public transport vehicle or other), preferably an automotive vehicle.

[0103] Another object of the invention is the use of a composition as described above to reduce equivalent carbon dioxide emissions measured by life cycle analysis according to standard ISO 14040-44. The reduction is typically determined relative to a fossil reference, in particular an equivalent petroleum-based fuel composition.

[0104] The examples below are intended only to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope thereof. Example

[0105] The examples hereinafter have been carried out using a matrix B comprising 22% by weight of hydrocarbons of biological origin derived from the processing of bioalcohols derived from the processing of biomass.

[0106] Matrix B has the following composition:

[0107] [Table 1]

[0108] Compound Content (weight %) Olefins 0.40 C6-C11 aromatic compounds 15.2 C5-C9 normal paraffin 5.2 C5-C11 Isoparaffin 75.5 Cycloalkanes 3.7

[0109] Fuel composition C has been prepared by mixing:

[0110] - 89.58% by weight of matrix B, and

[0111] - 10.42 wt% bioethanol.

[0112] The composition has a thermal conductivity of 722 kg / m2 measured at 15°C according to standard EN ISO 12185. 3 density.

[0113] Its final distillation point, measured according to standard EN ISO 3405, is 195°C.

[0114] It has a research octane number (RON, measured according to standard EN ISO 5164) of 100.4 and a motor octane number (MON, measured according to standard EN ISO 5163) of 91.5.

[0115] Compared to an equivalent fuel composition of petroleum origin (ie comprising 89.58% by weight of fossil hydrocarbons and 10.42% by weight of bioethanol), composition C as described above results in a gain of 21% in CO2 equivalent. This gain has been calculated by a life cycle analysis according to standard ISO 14040-44.

Claims

1. A fuel composition comprising: (i) 85 to 98% by weight of a hydrocarbon mixture comprising: a) 8 to 40% by weight of aromatic compounds; b) 50 to 90% by weight of acyclic paraffins containing at least 4 carbon atoms; and c) 2 to 15 wt % cycloparaffins; and (ii) 2 to 15% by weight of ethanol, The composition has a relative humidity of 720 to 745 kg / m2, measured at 15°C according to standard EN ISO 12185. 3 density within the range of .

2. The composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that The hydrocarbon mixture (i) represents 88 to 95% by weight relative to the total mass of the fuel composition.

3. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The aromatic compound (i) a) is chosen from alkylbenzenes containing from 7 to 12 carbon atoms and preferably, from a mixture of alkylbenzenes containing from 8 to 10 carbon atoms.

4. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The content of aromatic compounds (i)a) ranges from 10 to 30% by weight, preferably from 12 to 25% by weight, relative to the mass of the hydrocarbon mixture (i).

5. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The acyclic paraffins (i) b) consist of a mixture of n-paraffins and iso-paraffins, wherein the mass ratio of the amount of iso-paraffins to the amount of n-paraffins is greater than or equal to 6, preferably greater than or equal to 8 and better still greater than or equal to 10.

6. Composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that The mass ratio of the amount of isoparaffins to the amount of normal paraffins ranges from 8 to 20, preferably from 10 to 18, and better still from 12 to 15.

7. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The content of paraffins (i) b) ranges from 60 to 90% by weight, preferably from 70 to 85% by weight, relative to the mass of the hydrocarbon mixture (i).

8. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The cycloparaffins (i)c) are selected from cycloalkanes containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably 6 to 9 carbon atoms.

9. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The content of cycloparaffins (i)c) ranges from 2 to 10% by weight, preferably from 3 to 6% by weight, relative to the mass of the hydrocarbon mixture (i).

10. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The ethanol content of the fuel composition ranges from 5 to 12% by weight relative to the total mass of the fuel composition.

11. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that It comprises at most 2 wt% olefins, preferably at most 1.5 wt% olefins, more preferably at most 1 wt% olefins and still more preferably at most 0.5 wt% olefins, relative to the total mass of the fuel composition.

12. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that The benzene content of the fuel composition is less than or equal to 0.1 wt % relative to the total mass of the fuel composition.

13. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that At least 20% by weight of the hydrocarbon mixture (i) is derived from the processing of plant raw materials.

14. Use of a composition as defined in any one of the preceding claims for powering a spark ignition engine.

15. Use of a composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13 as first fill in a vehicle, preferably an automotive vehicle, comprising a new engine.

16. Use of a composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13 for reducing equivalent carbon dioxide emissions measured by life cycle analysis according to standard ISO 14040-44.