Method for establishing channel element spatial database and channel element data acquisition system

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for establishing a channel element spatial database, which comprises the following steps of: determining a data object of channel element data acquisition so as to extract feature information to establish a channel element data model; based on the channel element data model, determining spatial geometric information of the data object, and establishing a channel element spatial data model; analyzing the logic relation between the data objects on a model level to establish a channel element spatial data logic model; and on the basis of a Geodatabase spatial database, carrying out physical conversion on the channel element spatial data logic model, and establishing a channel element spatial database so as to realize the same standard for channel element data and facilitate maintenance of related data. The invention also discloses a navigation channel element data acquisition system, which is based on the navigation channel element spatial database, develops the navigation channel element data acquisition system integrating data acquisition, data quality inspection and result display by adopting a B / S architecture, and realizes standardization, digitization and spatialization of data acquisition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of big data processing, and in particular to a method for establishing a waterway element spatial database and a waterway element data acquisition system. Background Art

[0002] Inland waterways are an important part of the country's water transport infrastructure. Inland waterway data provides key support for governments and enterprises to formulate development plans and investment decisions, and also provides an important basis for cargo transportation and ship navigation.

[0003] The collection of waterway data follows the principle of "unified census form format, unified data processing standards, unified data processing software, and unified transmission and reporting of census data", and adopts a hierarchical aggregation and reporting method.

[0004] The basic information of waterway data is collected, summarized and plotted mainly through investigation, mapping and statistics. However, no unified and scientific data model has been established, and no data specification standard has been formed.

[0005] The collection of waterway data in some areas has begun to use information technology. For example, in the fourth inland waterway census in Jiangsu Province in 2020, all waterway data were collected using an online system, which enabled online entry and review of census data, and further realized the visualization of waterway data query and statistical analysis.

[0006] Although this data collection method achieved the expected goals at the time, it still remained at the stage of simple data storage and intuitive visual display; the subjectivity of manual operations would lead to data inconsistency; the manpower and time costs were high, data updating and maintenance were difficult, and it was unable to timely reflect the geographic spatiotemporal changes of waterway data; there was a lack of acquisition and processing of spatial information and relationships of waterway-related facilities, making it difficult to conduct spatial-level analysis and application of geographic spatial data. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for establishing a spatial database of waterway elements and a waterway element data acquisition system, to unify data standards, to achieve timely updating of data, and to perform spatial analysis on data, so as to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention specifically provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for establishing a spatial database of waterway elements comprises the following steps:

[0010] S001, Analyze waterway element data

[0011] Determine the data objects for waterway element data collection, and analyze the data objects to extract characteristic information and establish a waterway element data model;

[0012] S002, establish a spatial database of waterway elements

[0013] S021, based on the waterway element data model established in step S001, confirm the spatial geometric information of the data object and establish a waterway element spatial data model;

[0014] S022, combining the spatial geometric information of the data objects, analyzing the logical connections between the data objects at the model level to establish a spatial data logical model of waterway elements;

[0015] S023, based on the Geodatabase spatial database, physically transform the spatial data logical model of the waterway element to establish a spatial database of the waterway element.

[0016] Furthermore, the data objects include waterways, navigation structures, river-crossing structures, riverside facilities, river-blocking structures and navigation marks, maintenance forces of waterway management agencies and other buildings.

[0017] Furthermore, the feature information includes geometric features and attribute features, individual features and relationship features, current temporal features and historical temporal features, entity data features and metadata features of the data object.

[0018] Furthermore, in the step S021, the attribute fields and constraints in the data model are designed based on the spatial geometric information of the data object, and a mapping is established from the spatial geometric information of the data object to the feature information of the data object in the waterway element data model, thereby establishing a waterway element spatial data model.

[0019] Furthermore, in the step S022, the logical connections between the data objects are divided into spatial topological relationships, business connection relationships and update statistical relationships in combination with the geometric types and business characteristics of the spatial geometric information of the data objects.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S023, the established spatial database of waterway elements satisfies the requirements of real-time data updating and historical data tracing.

[0021] Furthermore, in the step S002, for the waterway element spatial database, the data objects are divided into three layers in a tree-like hierarchical structure using XML format: dataset-level metadata, feature class-level metadata and object-level metadata, so as to establish a waterway data metadata model so that users can understand its settings and limitations and evaluate the applicability of data alignment application requirements.

[0022] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention further provides the following technical solutions:

[0023] A waterway element data collection system, developed based on B / S architecture, including:

[0024] A data acquisition module is used for online acquisition of channel element data; a data quality inspection module is used for performing quality inspection on the channel element data collected by the data acquisition module according to the quality inspection rules for the channel element acquisition results; according to the channel element spatial database according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the channel element data that pass the quality inspection are stored in the channel element spatial database, and the characteristic information of the channel element data is automatically associated; a data display module is used for mining the spatial geometric information of the data objects in the channel element spatial database using GIS technology based on the channel data metadata model and the data multi-dimensional organizational structure, and displaying it in the form of charts.

[0025] Furthermore, the quality inspection rules for the waterway element collection results data target various types of data structures contained in the waterway element data and conduct quality inspections from six aspects: results data integrity check, spatial data check, attribute data check, metadata check, data consistency check and results data consistency check.

[0026] Furthermore, based on the spatial database of waterway elements, an automatic quality inspection model for waterway data is established according to four aspects: quality inspection rules, quality inspection standard library, quality inspection plan and quality inspection tasks; the data quality inspection module performs quality inspection on the waterway element data based on the automatic quality inspection model for waterway data.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The method for establishing a spatial database of channel elements provided by the present invention establishes a unified channel element data standard, expands the channel element data into the spatial geometric information of the channel element data, so that the channel element data can be expressed more intuitively; and establishes a logical connection between the spatial geometric information of the channel element data to solve the problem of unified organization between the channel element data; its real-time update feature not only realizes a complete description of the collected data, but also lays the foundation for realizing a complete description of the channel information resource system on a larger scale.

[0029] The waterway element data collection system provided by the present invention covers data collection, data quality inspection, and results display, and can complete the online data collection of various waterway element objects in one stop, realizing the standardization, digitization, and spatialization of data collection. It effectively ensures the relative independence between data resource storage, organization, maintenance and multi-objective upper-layer applications. The waterway element spatial database can support the unified description of other types of port and shipping water transport infrastructure data to be expanded in the future, and on this basis, provide a unified data access interface to support new applications, realize the unified organization, storage and management of all waterway element information, and lay a solid technical foundation for the construction of a national port and shipping geographic spatial information system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 This is the framework diagram of the waterway element data acquisition system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an implementation of a method for establishing a waterway element spatial database, comprising the following steps:

[0034] S001, Analyze waterway element data

[0035] Determine the data objects for waterway element data collection, including the following six categories:

[0036] Channel (channel sections, boundary river sections, bifurcated auxiliary sections, bottleneck sections, shoals, repeated sections, etc.);

[0037] Navigation structures (hubs, locks, ship lifts, etc. that have been built, are under construction, or are planned on inland waterways);

[0038] River crossing structures (bridges, pipelines, tunnels, etc. that have been built, are under construction, or are planned on inland waterways);

[0039] Riverside facilities (water service areas, gas stations, gas filling stations, water intakes and drainage outlets, culverts, sluice gates and pumping stations, etc.);

[0040] River-blocking structures (groins, overflow dams, rubber dams);

[0041] Maintenance forces of navigation aids, waterway management agencies and other buildings.

[0042] The above data objects are analyzed and feature information of different forms of data objects are extracted to establish a waterway element data model; the feature information includes the geometric features and attribute features of the data objects, individual features and relationship features, current temporal features and historical temporal features, entity data features and metadata features, which is conducive to the orderly management of data and can effectively meet the dual needs of convenience and flexibility.

[0043] S002, establish a spatial database of waterway elements

[0044] S021, based on the waterway element data model established in step S001, determine the spatial geometric information of the data object and establish the waterway element spatial data model.

[0045] Among them, the attribute fields and constraints in the data model are designed according to the spatial geometric information of the data object, and a mapping is established from the spatial geometric information of the data object to the characteristic information of the data object in the waterway element data model, so as to establish the spatial data model of the waterway element.

[0046] For example, if the data object is a waterway, the waterway segments are first divided into five element types: waterway segments, boundary river segments, forked auxiliary navigation segments, bottleneck area segments, and shoals, and the spatial geometric information of each element type is established.

[0047] The spatial geometric information shall be based on the spatial geometric type of the data object that best expresses its spatial geometric information, for example:

[0048] The point type expresses the central location characteristics of an object and is suitable for expressing independent features regardless of scale.

[0049] Line types mostly represent geographical objects that extend in a linear or strip shape, and can express the direction, length, straightness, and other characteristics of the features.

[0050] The surface type represents a continuously or discontinuously distributed surface feature, which can express the features of the object such as area and shape;

[0051] Based on the spatial geometric information of the data object, design the attribute fields in the data model, including field type, field constraints, whether it is nullable, etc. For enumeration fields, the dictionary contents must be accurately listed item by item.

[0052] S022. Analyze the logical connections between data objects at the model level in combination with the spatial geometric information of the data objects to establish a spatial data logical model of waterway elements.

[0053] Among them, the relationship between data objects is established by combining the geometric type and business characteristics of the spatial geometric information of the data objects to form a logical connection.

[0054] Relationships include spatial topological relationships, business connection relationships, and update statistics relationships.

[0055] The data objects are based on the constraint relationships of their respective spatial positions, including: dependency relationships, inclusion relationships, spanning relationships, overlapping relationships, flow direction relationships, connection relationships, etc., to form a spatial topological relationship table.

[0056] If there is a business association between data objects, it is necessary to establish a business connection relationship, including one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many, to form a business connection relationship table, and implement the constraints of this business relationship at the data model level by establishing primary and foreign keys on the attribute fields.

[0057] Updating statistical relations means that when the attribute information of a certain type of data object changes, the attribute information of other data objects also needs to be updated synchronously. It is necessary to establish corresponding automatic monitoring mechanisms and trigger inspection mechanisms at the data model level.

[0058] S023, based on the Geodatabase spatial database, physically transform the logical model of the spatial data of the waterway elements and establish a spatial database of the waterway elements; the established spatial database of the waterway elements satisfies the requirements of real-time data update and historical data tracing.

[0059] Under the guidance of geographic data warehouse construction methods, the Geodatabase spatial data model is used to form a physical database model of waterway elements.

[0060] First, on the basis of following the general provisions of the physical database, formulate naming rules for the spatial feature class names, attribute table names, relationship table names and field names of data objects, as well as the types and length description methods of field types and lengths.

[0061] Secondly, in view of the high requirements for data timeliness of various application systems built on the basis of the spatial database of waterway elements in the future, it is necessary to establish temporal data that meets the requirements of real-time data update and historical data traceability, so as to effectively preserve spatial data of different tenses and versions and minimize data redundancy, so that the entire spatial database becomes a true reflection of the change process of waterway element data and the change of database status.

[0062] Specifically, through the version management of Geodatabase, the long transaction processing of GIS is mapped to the short transaction processing of relational database, thereby providing support for various complex GIS editing environments such as multi-user editing, spatial database replication (including offline editing), and historical data management.

[0063] Furthermore, in order to enable the wide sharing and application of waterway element data, the settings and restrictions that affect the production, use, and distribution of data must be fully explained so that users can understand the settings and restrictions and evaluate the applicability of data alignment application requirements.

[0064] Therefore, for the spatial database of waterway elements, the XML format is used to divide the data objects into three layers according to the tree-like hierarchical structure: dataset-level metadata, feature class-level metadata and object-level metadata, so as to establish a waterway data metadata model so that users can understand its settings and limitations and evaluate the applicability of data alignment application requirements.

[0065] Object-level metadata is only modified during editing operations. The method for creating new object-level metadata is as follows: define and create a table to store object metadata after supplementing or importing a feature class; the creation of feature class and dataset metadata is completed in the process of generating an intermediate results library; and the value of each field is filled in by automatically extracting it from the underlying element database.

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention also provides an implementation method of a waterway element data acquisition system, which utilizes increasingly mature remote sensing technology, GIS technology, and cloud computing technology, takes the waterway element spatial database as the basis, and adopts a B / S architecture to develop an integrated waterway element data acquisition system covering data acquisition, data quality inspection, and results display, which completes the online data acquisition of various waterway element objects in one stop, and realizes the standardization, digitization, and spatialization of data acquisition.

[0067] The waterway element data collection system includes a data collection module, a data quality inspection module, a waterway element spatial database and a data display module.

[0068] The data acquisition module is used to collect waterway element data online.

[0069] The data quality inspection module conducts quality inspection on the waterway element data collected by the data collection module according to the quality inspection rules of the waterway element collection results, so as to ensure the integrity, accuracy and standardization of the results data. With the goal of flexible customization of waterway element data quality inspection scheme, automatic batch inspection of data and zero-coding customization of quality inspection rules, rapid quality inspection and error report generation of waterway element data results are achieved, which facilitates users to quickly locate errors and modify data according to quality inspection results.

[0070] The quality inspection rules for the data of waterway element collection results are aimed at the data structures of various forms contained in the waterway element data, including vector data, attribute data, raster data, maps, text reports, summary tables, etc.; quality inspection is carried out from six aspects: result data integrity check, spatial data check, attribute data check, metadata check, data consistency check and result data consistency check.

[0071] Based on the spatial database of waterway elements, an automatic quality inspection model for waterway data is established according to four aspects: quality inspection rules, quality inspection standard library, quality inspection plan and quality inspection tasks. Based on this model, a fully automatic quality inspection process system can be established to complete automatic, batch and task-based data inspection without human intervention.

[0072] The channel element data that passes the quality inspection is stored in the channel element spatial database, and the characteristic information of the channel element data is automatically associated.

[0073] The spatial database of waterway elements covers multiple management levels such as physical storage, logical organization and business association, which effectively solves the problem of unified organization of spatial geometric information and logical relationships of waterway element data. Its orderly and scalable characteristics not only realize the complete description of collected data, but also lay the foundation for realizing the complete description of waterway information resource system on a larger scale.

[0074] The relationship between spatial data and tabular data is fully represented in the waterway element spatial database. At the same time, table partitions and primary and foreign key constraints are established to ensure the consistency between the waterway element spatial database and the waterway element data model. By making full use of the versatility and scalability of the model, not only can new feature classes be designed or feature class characteristics be improved according to model rules as needed, but the physical storage in the model can also be dynamically adjusted to achieve continuous optimization of the database.

[0075] By utilizing the scalability of the model itself, we ensure that the spatial database of waterway elements established based on it can support the unified description of other types of port and shipping infrastructure data that will be expanded in the future, and on this basis provide a unified data access interface to support new applications, thereby achieving unified collection, storage and management of all waterway element information, and effectively ensuring the relative independence of data resource storage, organization, association and multi-objective upper-level applications.

[0076] The waterway element data collection system realizes the automatic association and real-time aggregation of the collected data based on the intrinsic relationship of multi-dimensional data in the established waterway element spatial database, avoids the tediousness and errors of subsequent data statistics, and greatly improves the accuracy and consistency of the waterway element collection results database.

[0077] For data updating and maintenance, a version control design is reserved in the waterway element data collection system, which can quickly form a digital results library of different years and periods, and realize comparative analysis, multi-dimensional analysis and correlation analysis between multiple versions of the results library.

[0078] The data display module mines the spatial geometric information of data objects in the waterway element spatial database based on the waterway data metadata model and data multi-dimensional organizational structure, and displays it in the form of charts using GIS technology.

[0079] The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. The protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the present application within the essence and protection scope of the present application, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions shall also be deemed to fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for establishing a spatial database of waterway elements, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S001, Analyze waterway element data Determine the data objects for waterway element data collection, and analyze the data objects to extract characteristic information and establish a waterway element data model; S002, establish a spatial database of waterway elements S021, based on the waterway element data model established in step S001, confirm the spatial geometric information of the data object and establish a waterway element spatial data model; S022, combining the spatial geometric information of the data objects, analyzing the logical connections between the data objects at the model level to establish a spatial data logical model of waterway elements; S023, based on the Geodatabase spatial database, physically transform the spatial data logical model of the waterway element to establish a spatial database of the waterway element.

2. The method for establishing a spatial database of waterway elements according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data objects include waterways, navigation structures, river-crossing structures, riverside facilities, river-blocking structures and navigation marks, maintenance forces of waterway management agencies and other buildings.

3. The method for establishing a spatial database of waterway elements according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The feature information includes the geometric features and attribute features, individual features and relationship features, current temporal features and historical temporal features, entity data features and metadata features of the data object.

4. The method for establishing a spatial database of waterway elements according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step S021, the attribute fields and constraints in the data model are designed based on the spatial geometric information of the data object, and a mapping is established from the spatial geometric information of the data object to the feature information of the data object in the waterway element data model, thereby establishing a waterway element spatial data model.

5. The method for establishing a spatial database of waterway elements according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step S022, the logical connections between the data objects are divided into spatial topological relationships, business connection relationships and update statistical relationships in combination with the geometric types and business characteristics of the spatial geometric information of the data objects.

6. The method for establishing a spatial database of waterway elements according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S023, the established spatial database of waterway elements satisfies the requirements of real-time data updating and historical data tracing.

7. The method for establishing a spatial database of waterway elements according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step S002, for the waterway element spatial database, the data objects are divided into three layers in a tree-like hierarchical structure using XML format: dataset-level metadata, feature class-level metadata and object-level metadata, so as to establish a waterway data metadata model so that users can understand its settings and limitations and evaluate the applicability of data alignment application requirements.

8. A waterway element data collection system, characterized in that: Developed based on B / S architecture, including: Data collection module, used for online collection of waterway element data; A data quality inspection module performs quality inspection on the waterway element data collected by the data collection module according to the waterway element collection result data quality inspection rules; According to the waterway element spatial database according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the waterway element data that has passed the quality inspection is stored in the waterway element spatial database, and the characteristic information of the waterway element data is automatically associated; The data display module mines the spatial geometric information of the data objects in the waterway element spatial database using GIS technology based on the waterway data metadata model and the data multi-dimensional organizational structure, and displays it in the form of charts.

9. The waterway element data acquisition system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The quality inspection rules for the waterway element collection results data are aimed at various types of data structures contained in the waterway element data, and perform quality inspections from six aspects: results data integrity check, spatial data check, attribute data check, metadata check, data consistency check and results data consistency check.

10. The waterway element data acquisition system according to claim 9, characterized in that: Based on the spatial database of waterway elements, an automatic quality inspection model for waterway data is established according to four aspects: quality inspection rules, quality inspection standard library, quality inspection plan and quality inspection tasks. The data quality inspection module performs quality inspection on the waterway element data based on the waterway data automatic quality inspection model.

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