Geological data sharing platform and method based on block chain technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological data management, in particular to a geological data sharing platform and method based on a block chain technology. The system comprises a data acquisition module, a data classification and preprocessing module, a block chain network, an intelligent contract management module, a data access control module and a decentralized data exchange module. The invention provides a geological data sharing platform and method based on a block chain technology so as to realize security and transparency in a data sharing process. Data sharing rules and processes are managed by using an intelligent contract, the legality and compliance of data sharing are ensured, a decentralized data exchange mechanism is designed, single-point faults are prevented, and the reliability and safety of the system are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological data management, and in particular to a geological data sharing platform and method based on blockchain technology. Background Art

[0002] At present, the sharing and management of geological data face problems of security, transparency and reliability. Traditional data sharing methods have the risk of data tampering and opacity, and cannot effectively guarantee the security of data. At the same time, existing geological data management systems usually rely on centralized servers, which have the hidden danger of single point failure and reduce the reliability of the system. The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to deepen the understanding of the overall background technology of the present invention, and should not be regarded as an admission or in any form of implication that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a geological data sharing platform and method based on blockchain technology to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a geological data sharing method based on blockchain technology, which comprises the following steps: S1. Data collection and classification, including: S11. Collect geological data; S12. Classify and pre-process the collected geological data and upload them to the blockchain network; S2, data on-chain and storage, including: S21, data encryption; S22, data is packaged into blocks; S23, record in the blockchain network; S3, smart contract authorization, including: S31. When a user needs to share data, he submits a data sharing request through a smart contract; S32, the user submits a sharing request; S33, smart contract verification and authorization; S34, authorization record; S35, data access; S4. Data access control, including: S41. Allocate different levels of access rights according to user identity and authority; S42. Use multi-factor authentication mechanism to authenticate user identities and ensure the security of data access; S5. Decentralized data exchange; S51. Decentralized data storage and management, including: S52, data exchange process; S53. Data update and recording.

[0005] Preferably, in step S1: S11. Collect geological data, including: S111, collect drilling data, geological profile data, soil sample data and groundwater level data; S12. Classify and pre-process the collected geological data in preparation for uploading to the blockchain network, including: S121, the classification includes marking according to data type, collection time, and geographical location; S122. The preprocessing includes data cleaning, format conversion and consistency checking to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data.

[0006] Preferably, in step S2: S21, data encryption, wherein the classified geological data is encrypted by using the AES encryption algorithm, including: S211, generating a random encryption key (128 bits, 192 bits or 256 bits) for encrypting data; S212, encrypting the geological data using the generated encryption key and AES algorithm to generate ciphertext data; S213, the encrypted data includes a hash value of the original data (for integrity verification), an encryption key (encrypted using an asymmetric encryption algorithm such as RSA) and the encrypted geological data; S22, data is packaged into blocks, wherein the encrypted data is packaged to form blocks, each block containing the following contents: S221, data hash value: used to verify the integrity of data; S222, timestamp: records the time when data is packaged; S223, hash value of the previous block: ensures the chain structure of the blockchain and prevents data tampering; S224, encrypted geological data: data encrypted using the AES algorithm; S225, encryption key: the key used to decrypt data, encrypted using the RSA algorithm to ensure secure transmission of the key; S23, record in the blockchain network; wherein, after the block is generated, it is broadcast through the blockchain network, and all nodes verify it. After the verification is passed, the block is added to the blockchain, including: S231. The verification process uses the Byzantine Fault Tolerance algorithm (PBFT) to ensure that the entire blockchain system can still operate normally even if some nodes fail; S232. Each node in the blockchain network retains a complete copy of the blockchain to ensure decentralized storage and management of data.

[0007] Preferably, in step S3: S31. When a user needs to share data, he submits a data sharing request through a smart contract. The definition and deployment of the smart contract include: S311. Smart contracts are automated programs running on blockchains that are used to execute predefined sharing rules. The smart contract code contains specific conditions and operations for data sharing. S312. When deploying a smart contract, the contract code needs to be uploaded to the blockchain network, and all nodes verify and record the contract to ensure the transparency and immutability of the contract; S32. The user submits a sharing request, including: S321. The user submits a data sharing request to the smart contract through a blockchain client or application; S322, the sharing request includes user identity information, the type and scope of the data requested for access, and the sharing time; S33, smart contract verification and authorization; S331, Identity Verification: Use the user's digital signature and public key for identity authentication to ensure that the request comes from a legitimate user. The digital signature is generated using an asymmetric encryption algorithm (such as RSA or ECDSA). The verification process ensures the uniqueness and immutability of the signature. S332, Multi-factor Authentication: To improve security, smart contracts require users to perform multi-factor authentication, including password verification, fingerprint recognition, and facial recognition. The results of multi-factor authentication are recorded on the blockchain to ensure the transparency and traceability of the verification process. S333, condition check: Smart contracts check the user’s permissions and request conditions to ensure compliance with sharing rules; For example, verifying whether the user has permission to access specific data, checking whether the time range of the request is within the allowed range, etc.

[0008] S34, authorization record; S341. The authorization process is recorded on the blockchain, including authorization time, user identity, and access rights; S342. Authorization records are tamper-proof and traceable, ensuring the legality and compliance of the sharing process; S35, data access; S351. After authorization is passed, the user obtains the right to access the data; S352. When a user accesses data, the system will verify the user's identity and authority again to ensure the security of data access; Preferably, in step S4: S41. Assign different levels of access rights based on user identity and authority, including; S411. When a user accesses data, the system first verifies the user's identity and authority. Users with different identities have different access rights. For example, an administrator can access all data, while ordinary users can only access specific data.

[0009] S42. Use multi-factor authentication mechanisms to authenticate users and ensure data access security, including: S421. Multi-factor authentication includes password, fingerprint, and facial recognition to increase access security; S422. After the system user passes the multi-factor authentication, the corresponding data access rights are granted; Preferably, in step S5: S51. Decentralized data storage and management, including: S511. Data is distributed and stored on multiple nodes of the blockchain network. Each node has a complete copy of the blockchain, ensuring decentralized storage and management of data. S512. Data storage and management are carried out through the consensus mechanism of the blockchain (such as PBFT). Every time new data is added to the blockchain, all nodes will participate in the consensus process to ensure the consistency and integrity of the data. The PBFT algorithm allows the system to operate normally even if up to one-third of the nodes fail, ensuring the high availability and fault tolerance of the system. S513. Data storage uses distributed storage technology (such as IPFS), which divides data into blocks and stores them on different nodes. Each data block has a unique hash value as its address identifier to ensure fast data location and retrieval. At the same time, IPFS ensures data deduplication and version control through content addressing, further enhancing data security and reliability. S52, data exchange process, including: S521. When a user initiates a data exchange request, he first needs to submit a request to the network through a blockchain client or application. The request includes user identity information, data type, data volume, and exchange time. S522. After receiving the data exchange request, each node first verifies the legitimacy of the request. The verification process includes: user identity verification: using the user's digital signature and public key to authenticate the request to ensure that the request comes from a legitimate user; data authority verification: checking whether the user has the authority to access and exchange the requested data; request content verification: ensuring that the request content complies with the system's security and operating specifications; S523: After verification, the node packages the data. The data packaging includes the following steps: Data encryption: Use the AES algorithm to encrypt data to ensure the security of data during transmission; Data hash: Generate a hash value of the data as a check code for data integrity and authenticity; Data tagging: Add data tagging information, including data source, destination, timestamp, and transaction ID; S524. The encrypted data is transmitted between nodes through an encrypted communication protocol (such as TLS / SSL). The TLS / SSL protocol ensures the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of the data during transmission, and prevents man-in-the-middle attacks and data tampering. S525. After receiving the data, the receiving node decrypts and verifies the data. The verification process includes: Data decryption: Use the corresponding key to decrypt the data and restore the original data; Data hash verification: Calculate the hash value of the data and compare it with the hash value of the transmitted data to ensure that the data has not been tampered with; Data tag verification: Check data tag information to ensure the correctness of data source, destination and transaction ID; S53, data updating and recording, including: S531. After the data exchange is completed, the receiving node records the data update on the blockchain. The update record includes: Data hash value: used to verify the integrity of data; Exchange time: record the specific time of data exchange; Participating nodes: sending nodes and receiving nodes that record data exchange; Transaction ID: uniquely identifies each data exchange operation for easy tracking and auditing; S532. The updated record is broadcasted through the blockchain network, and all nodes verify and record it. After verification, the record is added to the blockchain to ensure data consistency and transparency. S533. The immutability and traceability of data update records ensure the security and reliability of the system; each data exchange operation forms a complete transaction record chain, which is convenient for subsequent auditing and tracking.

[0010] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a geological data sharing platform based on blockchain technology, including: a data acquisition module, a data classification and preprocessing module, a blockchain network, a smart contract management module, a data access control module and a decentralized data exchange module; the data acquisition module is used to collect geological data; the data classification and preprocessing module is used to classify and preprocess the collected geological data, and upload it to the blockchain network; the blockchain network is used to store and manage geological data, and encrypt the classified geological data, and package the encrypted data into blocks and record them in the blockchain network; the smart contract management module is used to manage the rules and processes of data sharing. Before sharing data, users need to authorize through smart contracts to ensure the legality and compliance of data sharing; the data access control module is used to allocate different levels of access rights according to user identity and authority, and use a multi-factor authentication mechanism to authenticate user identity to ensure the security of data access; the decentralized data exchange module is used for decentralized data storage and management, and designs a decentralized data exchange mechanism as well as data update and recording.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a geological data sharing platform and method based on blockchain technology to achieve security and transparency in the data sharing process. By using smart contracts to manage the rules and processes of data sharing, the legality and compliance of data sharing are ensured, and a decentralized data exchange mechanism is designed to prevent single point failures and enhance the reliability and security of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0013] Figure 1 A system architecture diagram of a geological data sharing platform based on blockchain technology provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A flowchart of data encryption and uploading to the chain provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A flowchart of smart contract authorization provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A data access control flow chart provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A flowchart of decentralized data exchange provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0015] Combination Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a geological data sharing method based on blockchain technology, which includes the following steps: S1. Data collection and classification, including: S11. Collect geological data; S12. Classify and pre-process the collected geological data and upload them to the blockchain network; S2, data on-chain and storage, including: S21, data encryption; S22, data is packaged into blocks; S23, record in the blockchain network; S3, smart contract authorization, including: S31. When a user needs to share data, he submits a data sharing request through a smart contract; S32, the user submits a sharing request; S33, smart contract verification and authorization; S34, authorization record; S35, data access; S4. Data access control, including: S41. Allocate different levels of access rights according to user identity and authority; S42. Use multi-factor authentication mechanism to authenticate user identities and ensure the security of data access; S5. Decentralized data exchange; S51. Decentralized data storage and management, including: S52, data exchange process; S53. Data update and recording.

[0016] In this embodiment, preferably, in step S1: S11. Collect geological data, including: S111, collect drilling data, geological profile data, soil sample data and groundwater level data; S12. Classify and pre-process the collected geological data in preparation for uploading to the blockchain network, including: S121, the classification includes marking according to data type, collection time, and geographical location; S122. The preprocessing includes data cleaning, format conversion and consistency checking to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data.

[0017] In this embodiment, preferably, in step S2: S21, data encryption, wherein the classified geological data is encrypted by using the AES encryption algorithm, including: S211, generating a random encryption key (128 bits, 192 bits or 256 bits) for encrypting data; S212, encrypting the geological data using the generated encryption key and AES algorithm to generate ciphertext data; S213, the encrypted data includes a hash value of the original data (for integrity verification), an encryption key (encrypted using an asymmetric encryption algorithm such as RSA) and the encrypted geological data; S22, data is packaged into blocks, wherein the encrypted data is packaged to form blocks, each block containing the following contents: S221, data hash value: used to verify the integrity of data; S222, timestamp: records the time when data is packaged; S223, hash value of the previous block: ensures the chain structure of the blockchain and prevents data tampering; S224, encrypted geological data: data encrypted using the AES algorithm; S225, encryption key: the key used to decrypt data, encrypted using the RSA algorithm to ensure secure transmission of the key; S23, record in the blockchain network; wherein, after the block is generated, it is broadcast through the blockchain network, and all nodes verify it. After the verification is passed, the block is added to the blockchain, including: S231. The verification process uses the Byzantine Fault Tolerance algorithm (PBFT) to ensure that the entire blockchain system can still operate normally even if some nodes fail; S232. Each node in the blockchain network retains a complete copy of the blockchain to ensure decentralized storage and management of data.

[0018] In this embodiment, preferably, in step S3: S31. When a user needs to share data, he submits a data sharing request through a smart contract. The definition and deployment of the smart contract include: S311. Smart contracts are automated programs running on blockchains that are used to execute predefined sharing rules. The smart contract code contains specific conditions and operations for data sharing. S312. When deploying a smart contract, the contract code needs to be uploaded to the blockchain network, and all nodes verify and record the contract to ensure the transparency and immutability of the contract; S32. The user submits a sharing request, including: S321. The user submits a data sharing request to the smart contract through a blockchain client or application; S322, the sharing request includes user identity information, the type and scope of the data requested for access, and the sharing time; S33, smart contract verification and authorization; S331, Identity Verification: Use the user's digital signature and public key for identity authentication to ensure that the request comes from a legitimate user. The digital signature is generated using an asymmetric encryption algorithm (such as RSA or ECDSA). The verification process ensures the uniqueness and immutability of the signature. S332, Multi-factor Authentication: To improve security, smart contracts require users to perform multi-factor authentication, including password verification, fingerprint recognition, and facial recognition. The results of multi-factor authentication are recorded on the blockchain to ensure the transparency and traceability of the verification process. S333, condition check: Smart contracts check the user’s permissions and request conditions to ensure compliance with sharing rules; For example, verifying whether the user has permission to access specific data, checking whether the time range of the request is within the allowed range, etc.

[0019] S34, authorization record; S341. The authorization process is recorded on the blockchain, including authorization time, user identity, and access rights; S342. Authorization records are tamper-proof and traceable, ensuring the legality and compliance of the sharing process; S35, data access; S351. After authorization is passed, the user obtains the right to access the data; S352. When a user accesses data, the system will verify the user's identity and authority again to ensure the security of data access; In this embodiment, preferably, in step S4: S41. Assign different levels of access rights based on user identity and authority, including; S411. When a user accesses data, the system first verifies the user's identity and authority. Users with different identities have different access rights. For example, an administrator can access all data, while ordinary users can only access specific data.

[0020] S42. Use multi-factor authentication mechanisms to authenticate users and ensure data access security, including: S421. Multi-factor authentication includes password, fingerprint, and facial recognition to increase access security; S422. After the system user passes the multi-factor authentication, the corresponding data access rights are granted; In this embodiment, preferably, in step S5: S51. Decentralized data storage and management, including: S511. Data is distributed and stored on multiple nodes of the blockchain network. Each node has a complete copy of the blockchain, ensuring decentralized storage and management of data. S512. Data storage and management are carried out through the consensus mechanism of the blockchain (such as PBFT). Every time new data is added to the blockchain, all nodes will participate in the consensus process to ensure the consistency and integrity of the data. The PBFT algorithm allows the system to operate normally even if up to one-third of the nodes fail, ensuring the high availability and fault tolerance of the system. S513. Data storage uses distributed storage technology (such as IPFS), which divides data into blocks and stores them on different nodes. Each data block has a unique hash value as its address identifier to ensure fast data location and retrieval. At the same time, IPFS ensures data deduplication and version control through content addressing, further enhancing data security and reliability. S52, data exchange process, including: S521. When a user initiates a data exchange request, he first needs to submit a request to the network through a blockchain client or application. The request includes user identity information, data type, data volume, and exchange time. S522. After receiving the data exchange request, each node first verifies the legitimacy of the request. The verification process includes: user identity verification: using the user's digital signature and public key to authenticate the request to ensure that the request comes from a legitimate user; data authority verification: checking whether the user has the authority to access and exchange the requested data; request content verification: ensuring that the request content complies with the system's security and operating specifications; S523: After verification, the node packages the data. The data packaging includes the following steps: Data encryption: Use the AES algorithm to encrypt data to ensure the security of data during transmission; Data hash: Generate a hash value of the data as a check code for data integrity and authenticity; Data tagging: Add data tagging information, including data source, destination, timestamp, and transaction ID; S524. The encrypted data is transmitted between nodes through an encrypted communication protocol (such as TLS / SSL). The TLS / SSL protocol ensures the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of the data during transmission, and prevents man-in-the-middle attacks and data tampering. S525. After receiving the data, the receiving node decrypts and verifies the data. The verification process includes: Data decryption: Use the corresponding key to decrypt the data and restore the original data; Data hash verification: Calculate the hash value of the data and compare it with the hash value of the transmitted data to ensure that the data has not been tampered with; Data tag verification: Check data tag information to ensure the correctness of data source, destination and transaction ID; S53, data updating and recording, including: S531. After the data exchange is completed, the receiving node records the data update on the blockchain. The update record includes: Data hash value: used to verify the integrity of data; Exchange time: record the specific time of data exchange; Participating nodes: sending nodes and receiving nodes that record data exchange; Transaction ID: uniquely identifies each data exchange operation for easy tracking and auditing; S532. The updated record is broadcasted through the blockchain network, and all nodes verify and record it. After verification, the record is added to the blockchain to ensure data consistency and transparency. S533. The immutability and traceability of data update records ensure the security and reliability of the system; each data exchange operation forms a complete transaction record chain, which is convenient for subsequent auditing and tracking.

[0021] In summary, the beneficial effects of this embodiment are mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. Technical Effects: (1) Data security is significantly improved: The present invention uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to encrypt geological data to ensure the security of data during transmission and storage. AES is a symmetric encryption algorithm with high efficiency and strong security, which can effectively prevent data leakage and unauthorized access. Compared with traditional encryption methods, the present invention has significant advantages in the speed and security of data encryption and decryption.

[0022] (2) Data immutability and transparency: By using blockchain technology, the present invention realizes the immutability and transparency of geological data. The chain structure and consensus mechanism of blockchain ensure that once the data is on the chain, it cannot be tampered with. At the same time, all data operations are recorded on the blockchain, which is transparent and traceable. This effectively solves the problems of data tampering and opacity in the prior art.

[0023] (3) Automated management of smart contracts: The present invention introduces smart contract technology to realize the automated management of data sharing through predefined data sharing rules and processes. Smart contracts automatically perform user identity authentication and permission checks to ensure the legality and compliance of the data sharing process. Compared with traditional manual management methods, smart contracts improve the efficiency and security of data sharing and reduce human errors and operational risks.

[0024] (4) Multi-factor authentication enhances data access control: The present invention adopts a multi-factor authentication mechanism, including password, fingerprint recognition and facial recognition, to ensure that only users with strict identity verification can access the data. Multi-factor authentication provides multiple security guarantees, effectively prevents unauthorized access, and improves the security and reliability of the system.

[0025] (5) Decentralized data exchange improves system reliability: Through the decentralized data storage and exchange mechanism, the present invention avoids the single point failure problem. Data is distributed, stored and managed on multiple nodes. Even if some nodes fail, the entire system can still operate normally. Distributed storage and computing further enhance the fault tolerance and reliability of the system.

[0026] 2. Economic Effects: (1) Improving geological data management efficiency: Through blockchain technology and smart contracts, the present invention simplifies the management and sharing process of geological data. The process of data encryption, chain uploading, sharing and access is automated and efficient, which improves the efficiency of geological data management and saves manpower and time costs.

[0027] (2) Reduce the risk of data leakage and related costs: The present invention significantly reduces the risk of geological data leakage through multi-level security measures. Data leakage can bring serious economic losses and legal risks. The present invention effectively prevents data leakage and reduces related costs and risks.

[0028] (3) Support a wide range of engineering applications: The present invention has broad application prospects in the fields of highway engineering geological data management, geological disaster monitoring, etc. Through the safe management and efficient sharing of geological data, the present invention supports a wide range of engineering applications and improves the management level of engineering projects and data utilization efficiency.

[0029] 3. Social Effects: (1) Improving data security awareness: The present invention improves the security level of geological data management through advanced encryption technology and multi-factor authentication mechanism, and enhances the attention paid by users and the industry to data security. A safe and reliable data management system helps to establish and improve the standards and specifications for geological data management.

[0030] (2) Promoting technological progress and innovation: The innovation of the present invention in data encryption, identity authentication, authority management and data exchange has promoted the application and development of information security technology in geological data management. The technical solution of the present invention has promoted the progress and application innovation of information security technology, playing an important demonstration and leading role.

[0031] (3) Enhance public trust and satisfaction: Through an efficient and secure geological data management system, the present invention effectively improves the transparency and reliability of data management, and enhances the public's trust and satisfaction with geological data management. A reliable geological data management system not only ensures the security of data, but also provides better services and support for the public and the industry. Example

[0032] Combination Figures 1 to 5As shown, this embodiment also provides a geological data sharing platform based on blockchain technology. This embodiment can execute the geological data sharing method based on blockchain technology of the above-mentioned embodiment 1, specifically, including: a data acquisition module, a data classification and preprocessing module, a blockchain network, a smart contract management module, a data access control module and a decentralized data exchange module; the data acquisition module is used to collect geological data; the data classification and preprocessing module is used to classify and preprocess the collected geological data, and upload it to the blockchain network; the blockchain network is used to store and manage geological data, and encrypt the classified geological data, and package the encrypted data into blocks and record them in the blockchain network; the smart contract management module is used to manage the rules and processes of data sharing. Before sharing data, users need to authorize through smart contracts to ensure the legality and compliance of data sharing; the data access control module is used to allocate different levels of access rights according to user identity and authority, and use a multi-factor authentication mechanism to authenticate user identity to ensure the security of data access; the decentralized data exchange module is used for decentralized data storage and management, and designs a decentralized data exchange mechanism as well as data update and recording.

[0033] The specific method for sharing geological data based on blockchain technology has been described in detail in the first embodiment above, and will not be repeated here. The innovations and advantages of this embodiment are reflected in the following aspects: 1. Application of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES): The present invention uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to encrypt geological data, ensuring the security and integrity of data during the collection, transmission and storage of geological data, which is of great significance for engineering projects and data management. Compared with traditional encryption methods, AES has higher encryption strength and efficiency, and can effectively prevent data leakage and unauthorized access.

[0034] 2. Application of blockchain technology: Blockchain technology is used to achieve the immutability and transparency of geological data. The chain structure and consensus mechanism of blockchain ensure that once the data is on the chain, it cannot be tampered with. At the same time, all data operations are recorded on the blockchain, which is transparent and traceable. Compared with traditional centralized data management systems, blockchain technology can effectively prevent data tampering and single point failures, improve system reliability and data credibility. In the process of geological data management and sharing, ensuring data transparency and credibility enhances data security and system reliability, which plays an important role in various engineering projects and scientific research.

[0035] 3. Application of smart contracts: Smart contracts manage the rules and processes of data sharing and realize automated management of data sharing. Smart contracts automatically perform user identity authentication and permission checks to ensure the legality and compliance of the data sharing process. Compared with traditional manual management methods, smart contracts improve the efficiency and security of data sharing and reduce human errors and operational risks. In the process of data sharing and collaboration, smart contracts provide automated and efficient solutions, improve the efficiency and security of data management, and are suitable for a variety of application scenarios.

[0036] 4. Multi-factor authentication mechanism: The present invention adopts a multi-factor authentication mechanism, including passwords, fingerprint recognition, and facial recognition, to ensure that only users who have undergone strict identity verification can access the data. Compared with single-factor authentication, multi-factor authentication provides multiple security guarantees, effectively prevents unauthorized access, and improves the security and reliability of the system. In the process of accessing and managing geological data, the multi-factor authentication mechanism can effectively protect sensitive data, ensure that only legitimate users can access it, and enhance the security of the data.

[0037] 5. Decentralized data storage and exchange: Through decentralized data storage and exchange mechanisms, single point failure problems are avoided. Data is distributed, stored and managed on multiple nodes. Even if some nodes fail, the entire system can still operate normally. Compared with traditional centralized data management systems, decentralized data storage and exchange mechanisms improve the fault tolerance and reliability of the system. In the process of storing and exchanging geological data, the security and reliability of data are ensured, which is suitable for application scenarios of large-scale data management and distributed computing.

[0038] 6. Detailed access records and traceability: The present invention designs a detailed access record function to record the time of each data access, user identity, type of data accessed, decryption key and other information, so as to achieve traceability and security audit of data access. Compared with traditional data management methods, detailed access records provide higher transparency and traceability, and can effectively discover and prevent potential security threats. In the process of geological data management and security audit, detailed access records can provide comprehensive operation records, facilitate data tracking and auditing, and enhance the security and reliability of the system. Example

[0039] This embodiment is described in detail with highway engineering geological data management. It should be understood that the specific implementation methods described here are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0040] 1. Data collection: In highway engineering projects, construction teams use drilling equipment, geological mapping instruments, sampling equipment and water level gauges to collect geological data along the road in real time.

[0041] For example, drilling equipment is used to obtain drilling data, including drilling depth, soil thickness, etc.; geological surveying instruments are used to obtain geological profile data, including geological strata, rock types, etc.; sampling equipment is used to obtain soil sample data, including soil composition, soil density, etc.; water level meters are used to obtain groundwater level data.

[0042] 2. Data classification and preprocessing: The collected data are processed through data classification and preprocessing modules.

[0043] Data classification includes labeling by data type (such as borehole data, geological profile data, soil sample data, and groundwater level data), collection time, and geographic location.

[0044] Preprocessing includes data cleaning (removing noise and erroneous data), format conversion (ensuring data format consistency) and consistency checking (ensuring data integrity).

[0045] 3. Data encryption and blockchain: The preprocessed geological data is encrypted using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to generate ciphertext data.

[0046] For example, drilling data is encrypted using a randomly generated 256-bit AES key, and the encrypted data contains the hash value of the original data, the encryption key (encrypted using RSA), and the encrypted geological data.

[0047] The encrypted data is packaged into blocks, which contain the data hash value, timestamp, hash value of the previous block, encrypted geological data and encryption key.

[0048] The block is broadcast through the blockchain network and verified by all nodes. After the verification is passed, the block is added to the blockchain to ensure the immutability of the data.

[0049] 4. Smart Contract Authorization: When the construction team needs to share data, they submit a data sharing request to the smart contract through the blockchain client. For example, a construction team member submits a sharing request through the blockchain client to request access to specific drilling data. The submitted request includes user identity information, requested data type, sharing time, etc.

[0050] After receiving the request, the smart contract automatically performs identity authentication and condition checks to verify the legitimacy of the user's identity (such as digital signature verification and multi-factor authentication) and check the request conditions (such as user permissions and sharing time range).

[0051] After verification, the smart contract records the authorization process and generates data sharing authorization on the blockchain to ensure the transparency and legality of the sharing process.

[0052] 5. Data access control: When construction team members access authorized data through the blockchain client, the system first performs identity authentication and permission checks.

[0053] For example, when construction team members access drilling data, the system requires them to enter a password and perform fingerprint recognition. After passing multi-factor authentication, the corresponding data access rights are granted.

[0054] The system assigns different levels of access rights based on user identity and permissions to ensure secure access to data.

[0055] 6. Decentralized Data Exchange: When construction team members access data, it is transmitted and exchanged through multiple nodes of the blockchain network.

[0056] During the transmission process, data is protected by AES encryption and TLS / SSL encryption communication protocols to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data during transmission.

[0057] After receiving the data, each node decrypts and verifies the data to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the data.

[0058] After the data exchange is completed, the receiving node will record the data update on the blockchain, including the data hash value, exchange time, participating nodes and transaction ID, etc., to ensure the transparency and traceability of the data exchange.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A geological data sharing method based on blockchain technology, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Data collection and classification, including: S11. Collect geological data; S12. Classify and pre-process the collected geological data and upload them to the blockchain network; S2, data on-chain and storage, including: S21, data encryption; S22, data is packaged into blocks; S23, record in the blockchain network; S3, smart contract authorization, including: S31. When a user needs to share data, he submits a data sharing request through a smart contract; S32, the user submits a sharing request; S33, smart contract verification and authorization; S34, authorization record; S35, data access; S4. Data access control, including: S41. Allocate different levels of access rights according to user identity and authority; S42. Use multi-factor authentication mechanism to authenticate user identities and ensure the security of data access; S5. Decentralized data exchange; S51. Decentralized data storage and management, including: S52, data exchange process; S53. Data update and recording.

2. The method for sharing geological data based on blockchain technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1: S11. Collect geological data, including: S111, collect drilling data, geological profile data, soil sample data and groundwater level data; S12. Classify and pre-process the collected geological data in preparation for uploading to the blockchain network, including: S121, the classification includes marking according to data type, collection time, and geographical location; S122. The preprocessing includes data cleaning, format conversion and consistency checking to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data.

3. The method for sharing geological data based on blockchain technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2: S21, data encryption, wherein the classified geological data is encrypted by using the AES encryption algorithm, including: S211, generating a random encryption key for encrypting data; S212, encrypting the geological data using the generated encryption key and AES algorithm to generate ciphertext data; S213, the encrypted data includes a hash value of the original data, an encryption key, and the encrypted geological data; S22, data is packaged into blocks, wherein the encrypted data is packaged to form blocks, each block containing the following contents: S221, data hash value: used to verify the integrity of data; S222, timestamp: records the time when data is packaged; S223, hash value of the previous block: ensures the chain structure of the blockchain and prevents data tampering; S224, encrypted geological data: data encrypted using the AES algorithm; S225, encryption key: the key used to decrypt data, encrypted using the RSA algorithm to ensure secure transmission of the key; S23, record in the blockchain network; wherein, after the block is generated, it is broadcast through the blockchain network, and all nodes verify it. After the verification is passed, the block is added to the blockchain, including: S231. The verification process uses the Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm to ensure that the entire blockchain system can still operate normally even if some nodes fail; S232. Each node in the blockchain network retains a complete copy of the blockchain to ensure decentralized storage and management of data.

4. The method for sharing geological data based on blockchain technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3: S31. When a user needs to share data, he submits a data sharing request through a smart contract. The definition and deployment of the smart contract include: S311. Smart contracts are automated programs running on blockchains that are used to execute predefined sharing rules. The smart contract code contains specific conditions and operations for data sharing. S312. When deploying a smart contract, the contract code needs to be uploaded to the blockchain network, and all nodes verify and record the contract to ensure the transparency and immutability of the contract; S32. The user submits a sharing request, including: S321. The user submits a data sharing request to the smart contract through a blockchain client or application; S322, the sharing request includes user identity information, the type and scope of the data requested for access, and the sharing time; S33, smart contract verification and authorization; S331, Identity Verification: Use the user's digital signature and public key for identity authentication to ensure that the request comes from a legitimate user. The digital signature is generated through an asymmetric encryption algorithm, and the verification process ensures the uniqueness and immutability of the signature; S332, Multi-factor Authentication: To improve security, smart contracts require users to perform multi-factor authentication, including password verification, fingerprint recognition, and facial recognition. The results of multi-factor authentication are recorded on the blockchain to ensure the transparency and traceability of the verification process. S333, condition check: Smart contracts check the user’s permissions and request conditions to ensure compliance with sharing rules; S34, authorization record; S341. The authorization process is recorded on the blockchain, including authorization time, user identity, and access rights; S342. Authorization records are tamper-proof and traceable, ensuring the legality and compliance of the sharing process; S35, data access; S351. After authorization is passed, the user obtains the right to access the data; S352. When a user accesses data, the system will verify the user's identity and authority again to ensure the security of data access.

5. The method for sharing geological data based on blockchain technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4: S41. Assign different levels of access rights based on user identity and authority, including; S411. When a user accesses data, the system first verifies the user's identity and authority. Users with different identities have different access rights. S42. Use multi-factor authentication mechanisms to authenticate users and ensure data access security, including: S421. Multi-factor authentication includes password, fingerprint, and facial recognition to increase access security; S422. After the system user passes the multi-factor authentication, the corresponding data access rights are granted.

6. The method for sharing geological data based on blockchain technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5: S51. Decentralized data storage and management, including: S511. Data is distributed and stored on multiple nodes of the blockchain network. Each node has a complete copy of the blockchain, ensuring decentralized storage and management of data. S512. Data storage and management are carried out through the consensus mechanism of the blockchain. Every time new data is added to the blockchain, all nodes will participate in the consensus process to ensure the consistency and integrity of the data. The PBFT algorithm allows the system to operate normally even when up to one-third of the nodes fail, ensuring the high availability and fault tolerance of the system. S513. Data storage uses distributed storage technology to store data in blocks on different nodes. Each data block has a unique hash value as its address identifier to ensure fast data location and retrieval. At the same time, IPFS ensures data deduplication and version control through content addressing, further enhancing data security and reliability. S52, data exchange process, including: S521. When a user initiates a data exchange request, he first needs to submit a request to the network through a blockchain client or application. The request includes user identity information, data type, data volume, and exchange time. S522. After receiving the data exchange request, each node first verifies the legitimacy of the request. The verification process includes: user identity verification: using the user's digital signature and public key to authenticate the request to ensure that the request comes from a legitimate user; data authority verification: checking whether the user has the authority to access and exchange the requested data; request content verification: ensuring that the request content complies with the system's security and operating specifications; S523: After verification, the node packages the data. The data packaging includes the following steps: Data encryption: Use the AES algorithm to encrypt data to ensure the security of data during transmission; Data hash: Generate a hash value of the data as a check code for data integrity and authenticity; Data tagging: Add data tagging information, including data source, destination, timestamp, and transaction ID; S524. The encrypted data is transmitted between nodes through an encrypted communication protocol; the TLS / SSL protocol ensures the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of the data during transmission, and prevents man-in-the-middle attacks and data tampering; S525. After receiving the data, the receiving node decrypts and verifies the data. The verification process includes: Data decryption: Use the corresponding key to decrypt the data and restore the original data; Data hash verification: Calculate the hash value of the data and compare it with the hash value of the transmitted data to ensure that the data has not been tampered with; Data tag verification: Check data tag information to ensure the correctness of data source, destination and transaction ID; S53, data updating and recording, including: S531. After the data exchange is completed, the receiving node records the data update on the blockchain. The update record includes: Data hash value: used to verify the integrity of data; Exchange time: record the specific time of data exchange; Participating nodes: sending nodes and receiving nodes that record data exchange; Transaction ID: uniquely identifies each data exchange operation for easy tracking and auditing; S532. The updated record is broadcasted through the blockchain network, and all nodes verify and record it. After verification, the record is added to the blockchain to ensure data consistency and transparency. S533. The immutability and traceability of data update records ensure the security and reliability of the system; each data exchange operation forms a complete transaction record chain, which is convenient for subsequent auditing and tracking.

7. A geological data sharing platform based on blockchain technology, characterized in that: include: Data collection module, data classification and preprocessing module, blockchain network, smart contract management module, data access control module and decentralized data exchange module; The data acquisition module is used to collect geological data; The data classification and preprocessing module is used to classify and preprocess the collected geological data and upload it to the blockchain network; The blockchain network is used to store and manage geological data, encrypt the classified geological data, and package the encrypted data into blocks and record them in the blockchain network; The smart contract management module is used to manage the rules and processes of data sharing. Before sharing data, users need to authorize through smart contracts to ensure the legality and compliance of data sharing; The data access control module is used to assign different levels of access rights according to user identity and authority, and use a multi-factor authentication mechanism to authenticate user identities to ensure the security of data access; The decentralized data exchange module is used for decentralized data storage and management, and designs a decentralized data exchange mechanism as well as data updating and recording.

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