Acid soil improvement type organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an acid soil improvement type organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of microorganisms. The organic fertilizer is prepared from chicken manure, urea, a microbial agent, nicotine biochar, a synergist, silicon-calcium powder, biochemical potassium fulvate, alkaline residues, a modifier, turpentine and plant ash. The nicotine biochar is synergized by using a synergist, the alkaline residues are subjected to hydrophobic selective modification by using a modifier, and the alkaline residues, the microbial agent, biochemical potassium fulvate, silicon-calcium powder and plant ash synergistically play a role in improving the acid soil. The modified nicotine biochar contains a large amount of nicotine, and has strong heavy metal adsorbability and enhanced fertilizer efficiency under the action of a synergist; after the alkaline residues are modified by the modifier, the structure is decomposed into fine fragments, the degree of generating precipitates by aluminum ions and alkaline substances in the alkaline residues is promoted, after hydrophobic treatment, aluminum precipitates are more stable, aluminum toxicity can be effectively relieved, meanwhile, the slow release performance is achieved, acid soil is improved, and fertility is provided for the acid soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and in particular relates to an acidic soil improving organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Soil acidification refers to the loss of a large amount of alkaline base ions in the soil due to the soil accepting a certain amount of exchangeable hydrogen ions and aluminum ions. The causes of soil acidification include the large-scale use of acidic fertilizers; the low use of organic fertilizers; the alternating tillage and rotary tillage farming methods for consecutive years, which leads to the shallowing of the tillage layer, the thickening and hardening of the plow bottom layer, the serious compaction of the sub-tillage layer, the poor permeability, the accumulation of a large number of acidic ions on the surface of the cultivated land, and the decrease of the pH value of the soil surface.

[0003] Soil acidification can cause various hazards. Aluminum minerals in the soil dissolve more aluminum ions to form "aluminum poisoning", reduce the cation exchange capacity and basic calcium, magnesium, and potassium saturation, increase leaching, cause a large loss of nutrients, enhance the fixation of phosphate and molybdate, and reduce the effective phosphorus and molybdenum elements in the soil, leading to soil impoverishment and heavy metal activation, which affects the activity of microbial flora and the decomposition of organic matter.

[0004] Every year, farmers grow flue-cured tobacco and dry tobacco. High-quality tobacco leaves are used as cash crops, which provide economic benefits for farmers. However, in addition to high-quality tobacco leaves, there will be a large amount of discarded tobacco roots, stems, and leaves left in the tobacco fields after the tobacco leaves are harvested every year. Especially the tobacco roots are rooted in the soil. If the tobacco roots are not dug out in the soil, it will affect the cultivation of the farmland next year. The main way to deal with the large amount of dug out tobacco roots is to pile them up and burn them in the fields, which not only wastes resources but also causes serious air pollution.

[0005] Alkali slag is mainly waste discharged from the ammonia evaporation process during the ammonia-soda process. It has a high pH value, is strongly alkaline, and contains a large amount of active calcium ions. Currently, the main treatment method for alkali slag is to pile it up in open spaces or discharge it directly into the sea, causing serious pollution to the ecological environment.

[0006] Patent CN101704691B discloses a bamboo residue organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. With bamboo residue, feces and microorganisms as raw materials, the organic fertilizer can improve the nutrients such as silicon, calcium, magnesium, and iron, improve the water absorption and water retention capacity of the organic fertilizer and improve the effect of acidic soil. However, this invention has no passivation effect on the "aluminum poisoning" that is very easy to occur in acidic soil, and the calcium, magnesium and trace element content lost in the acidic soil are less, and the soil quality of the acidic soil cannot be effectively improved, and the quality and quality of crops cannot be improved. Therefore, with the discarded roots, stems, leaves and alkali residues of flue-cured tobacco and dry tobacco as raw materials, a method is prepared that can improve the pH of acidic soil for a long time and effectively, provide basic calcium, magnesium, potassium ions and trace element content, and improve the utilization rate of organic fertilizer, which is of great significance for the production of organic fertilizer. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and discloses an acidic soil improving organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Nicotine biochar is enhanced with a synergist, alkali residue is hydrophobically modified with a modifier, and a microbial agent, biochemical potassium humate, calcium silicate powder, and plant ash are synergistically used to prepare an acidic soil improving organic fertilizer.

[0008] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0009] An acidic soil improving organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of chicken manure, 10-15 parts of urea, 6-10 parts of microbial agent, 50-70 parts of nicotine biochar, 25-28 parts of synergist, 18-26 parts of calcium silicate powder, 22-30 parts of biochemical potassium humate, 80-120 parts of alkali residue, 4-8 parts of modifier, 15-20 parts of turpentine and 35-55 parts of plant ash.

[0010] Furthermore, the microbial agent is Trichoderma koningii, Bacillus subtilis, Catenulisporaacidiphila, and Sporosarcina pasteurii in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0011] Furthermore, the deposit number of the Trichoderma koningii is CGMCC3.17875, and the original deposit time is December 15, 2015; the deposit number of the Bacillus subtilis is CGMCC1.12938, and the original deposit time is May 30, 2014; the deposit number of the Acidophilus microsporidium is CGMCC4.5515, and the original deposit time is September 5, 2008; the deposit number of the Sporosarcina pasteurii is CGMCC1.3687, and the original deposit time is June 18, 2004. The above four selected strains can be purchased through the China General Microorganism Collection Center without the need for repeated biological deposits.

[0012] Furthermore, the nicotine biochar is prepared by carbonizing tobacco roots.

[0013] Furthermore, the synergist is polyacrylamide and ammonia water in a mass ratio of 1:10.

[0014] Furthermore, the ammonia water is an ammonia water solution with a mass fraction of 5-8%.

[0015] Furthermore, the modifier is calcium stearate and sodium borohydride in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0016] A method for preparing an acidic soil improving organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0017] (1) Preparation of microbial agents:

[0018] Corning Trichoderma, Bacillus subtilis, Acidophilus microsporidium, and Sporosarcina pasteurii were cultured in liquid seed culture medium at 25°C, 37°C, 28°C, and 30°C for 36 h, respectively, and inoculated into LB culture medium at 8% inoculation rate, respectively, and cultured under shaking conditions at 25°C, 37°C, 28°C, and 30°C until the bacterial concentration was .

[0019] OD600≈2.0, mix evenly in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and freeze-dry into freeze-dried powder to obtain a microbial agent;

[0020] (2) Chicken manure fermentation:

[0021] The biochemical potassium humate is spread on the bottom of the fermentation tank, the water content of the chicken manure is adjusted to 55%, added to the fermentation tank, urea is added, the microbial agent prepared in step (1) is added, and the fermentation substrate is ventilated and cultured for 2 days, sealed with a plastic film, covered with soil, fermented for 7 days, opened the plastic film, stirred and turned the fermentation substrate, water is added to adjust the water content to 60%, and the coating film is continued to be sealed, covered with soil, and fermented for 7 days, and then ventilated and dried to a water content of ≤3%, crushed and ground through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a fermented chicken manure mixture;

[0022] (3) Enhanced nicotine biochar:

[0023] Wash the dirt and impurities on the surface of the cigarette, crush it into small pieces of 3-5cm, soak it in ammonia solution for 6h, add polyacrylamide, stir it for 2h, ventilate and dry it until the moisture content is ≤8%, add it to the reactor, pass nitrogen to exhaust the air, and control the nitrogen flow rate to 80cm 3 / min, heated at 550℃ for 5h, cooled to room temperature, and obtained nicotine-enhanced biochar;

[0024] (4) Modified alkali slag powder:

[0025] Wash the surface sludge of the alkali residue with clean water, dry it with ventilation until the moisture content is ≤10%, grind it through a 120-mesh sieve, add it to the reactor, dissolve calcium stearate in turpentine, add it to the reactor, mix and stir evenly, add sodium borohydride, shake it at 35°C for 5h, and shake it at a speed of 200r / min to obtain modified alkali residue powder;

[0026] (5) Granulation

[0027] The nicotine-enhanced biochar prepared in step (3) is ventilated and dried to a moisture content of ≤10%, crushed and ground through a 120-mesh sieve, and the fermented chicken manure mixture, calcium silicate powder, and plant ash prepared in step (2) are added in sequence, stirred and mixed evenly, and the modified alkali residue powder prepared in step (4) is added, stirred and mixed evenly, and dried to a moisture content of ≤15%.

[0028] The particles are screened out to obtain an acidic soil improving organic fertilizer.

[0029] Chicken manure as organic fertilizer can loosen the soil and promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. The pH value is ≥8, which can effectively improve acidic soil. In the mixed fermentation process with microbial agents, urea serves as a nitrogen source for microbial proliferation nutrients. At the same time, chicken manure provides the microorganisms with the required nutrients. The fermentation of chicken manure is completed while the microorganisms proliferate. The mass ratio of 1:1:1:1 of Trichoderma corningii, Bacillus subtilis, Acidophilic Neurospora, and Sporosarcina pasteurianum work synergistically, are acidophilic and produce alkali, degrade nitrogen and phosphorus elements fixed in the soil, improve soil fertility, and enhance crop resistance.

[0030] Nicotine biochar is mainly made from tobacco roots, tobacco leaves and tobacco stems discarded from farmland under anaerobic and high temperature conditions. Its main components are nicotine, total sugar, starch, potassium and chlorine. It can increase the beneficial microbial flora, promote the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, quickly decompose soil nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements iron, manganese, copper, zinc, etc.), revitalize the soil, and promote the absorption of nutrients by crop roots; it contains a large amount of alkaline substances, improves acidic soil, and has insecticidal and bactericidal effects; polyacrylamide (PAM) is a linear organic macromolecular polymer, and also a macromolecular water treatment flocculant product, which can absorb water The suspended particles act as links and bridges between the particles. A large number of bubbles will be produced when tobacco roots, stems and leaves are immersed in 5-8% ammonia solution, which increases the number of pores and specific surface area of ​​tobacco roots, stems and leaves. After adding polyacrylamide, the heavy metal adsorption performance of nicotine biochar is significantly improved, and the alkalinity of nicotine biochar is increased; at the same time, the addition of modified nicotine biochar greatly improves the utilization rate of effective nutrient components, especially nitrogen increases by 2-3 times, and potassium increases by 5-8 times. It can be used as an organic potassium and phosphate fertilizer and has the ability to provide potassium and phosphorus for a long time. This is important for reducing the use of chemical potassium and phosphate fertilizers and improving soils deficient in potassium and phosphorus.

[0031] Calcium silicate powder is a slightly alkaline composite mineral mainly composed of silicon and calcium, in which effective silicon accounts for 20-25% and calcium oxide content is 35-45%. It can supplement silicon and calcium elements to the soil, promote crop photosynthesis, and has good lasting effect in improving the acidity of tobacco field soil.

[0032] Biochemical potassium humate is made from plant residues as raw materials. Through biological fermentation, a coal-like humic acid substance is successfully produced - highly active biochemical potassium humate. It is not a pure molecular compound, but a mixture of an inhomogeneous, complex macromolecular structure and extremely complex components. In addition to high content of fulvic acid, it is also rich in almost all the nutrients needed for plant growth, such as amino acids, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, various enzymes, carbohydrates (oligosaccharides, fructose, etc.), proteins, nucleic acids, humic acid, VC, VE and a large amount of B vitamins, etc. It is a green biological fertilizer. Biochemical potassium fulvic acid has a high content of total amino acids and active groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, and has oxygen-containing functional groups. There are many organic chelating sites and complexing sites in its structure. These coordination groups can react with insoluble trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, molybdenum, copper, zinc, boron, etc. to form complexes or chelate reactions, and can also react with phosphorus at other sites, thus forming a biochemical fulvic acid molecule as an intermediary carrier, while coordinating and promoting the absorption and circulation of trace elements and phosphorus in the body by plant roots or leaves, thereby increasing the stress resistance of crops.

[0033] Plant ash is the ashes left after various plants are burned, so almost all the mineral elements contained in plants are contained in plant ash. The most abundant element is potassium, which generally contains 6-12% potassium; followed by phosphorus, which generally contains 1.5-3%; it also contains trace nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, and iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, and molybdenum. The nutrient content of the ash of different plants is different. When the same amount of potassium is applied, the fertilizer effect is better than that of chemical potassium fertilizer.

[0034] Alkali residue is the waste residue produced by the ammonia-alkali process, which contains nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, silicon, zinc, etc., and also contains a large amount of alkaline substances, which can effectively improve the pH of acidic soil. After the alkali residue is modified by calcium stearate and sodium borohydride in a mass ratio of 1:1, the alkali residue is divided into small fragments and a porous structure, which promotes the degree of precipitation of aluminum ions and alkaline substances in the alkali residue. After hydrophobic treatment, the aluminum precipitation is more stable, which can effectively alleviate "aluminum poisoning". The organic fertilizer has a slow-release property, slowly and continuously releasing alkalinity and nutrients into the soil, improving acidic soil and providing fertility for acidic soil.

[0035] Beneficial Effects

[0036] The organic fertilizer prepared by the present invention enhances the nicotine biochar with a synergist, and hydrophobically modifies the alkali residue with a modifier, and works synergistically with the microbial agent to improve the acidic soil. Compared with the prior art, the modified nicotine biochar used in the present invention contains a large amount of nicotine and alkaline substances. After the synergist acts, the heavy metal adsorption is strong, the fertilizer alkalinity is enhanced, and the fertilizer effect is enhanced; at the same time, the modified nicotine biochar contains a large amount of nutrients such as phosphorus and potassium elements; the carbon content is high and it is not easily decomposed. After the alkali residue is modified by the modifier, the structure is decomposed into small fragments, presenting a lamellar porous structure, which promotes the degree of precipitation of aluminum ions and alkaline substances in the alkali residue. After hydrophobic treatment, the aluminum precipitation is more stable, which can effectively alleviate "aluminum poisoning", and the organic fertilizer has a slow-release performance, slowly and continuously releasing alkalinity and nutrients into the soil, improving acidic soil, and providing fertility for acidic soil. The pH value of the chicken manure used is ≥8. While improving the fertility of acidic soil, it also provides a living environment for microbial agents, promotes the proliferation of microorganisms, and the microorganisms work synergistically, are acidophilic, produce alkali, degrade nitrogen and phosphorus elements fixed in the soil, improve soil fertility, and improve crop resistance. Biochemical potassium humate, while supplementing potassium ions in the soil, complexes insoluble nutrients and provides fertility for the soil. Plant ash and calcium silicate powder provide a large amount of silicon, calcium and potassium elements in the soil while improving the quality of acidic soil. The nicotine, discarded tobacco roots, stems, and leaves used in the present invention are reused, and the various substances used in the preparation of organic fertilizers in the present invention work synergistically to effectively improve the quality of acidic soil, improve soil fertility, and improve the quality and quality of crops. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 The 3000-fold scanning electron microscope images are of the nicotine biochar after adding the synergist in Example 3 and the nicotine biochar in Comparative Example 1 without adding the synergist. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but is not limited thereto.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] An acidic soil improving organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of urea, 6 parts of microbial agent, 50 parts of nicotine biochar, 25 parts of synergist, 18 parts of calcium silicate powder, 22 parts of biochemical potassium humate, 80 parts of alkali residue, 4 parts of modifier, 15 parts of turpentine and 35 parts of wood ash.

[0041] The microbial agent is Trichoderma koningii, Bacillus subtilis, Neurospora acidophilus and Sporosarcina pasteurii in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0042] The deposit number of the Trichoderma corningii is CGMCC3.17875; the deposit number of the Bacillus subtilis is CGMCC1.12938; the deposit number of the Acidophilus microsporidium is CGMCC4.5515; and the deposit number of the Sporosarcina pasteurii is CGMCC1.3687.

[0043] The nicotine biochar is prepared by carbonizing tobacco roots.

[0044] The synergist is polyacrylamide and ammonia water in a mass ratio of 1:10.

[0045] The ammonia water is an ammonia water solution with a mass fraction of 5%.

[0046] The modifier is calcium stearate and sodium borohydride in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0047] A method for preparing an acidic soil improving organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0048] (1) Preparation of microbial agents:

[0049] Trichoderma koningii, Bacillus subtilis, Neurospora acidophilus, and Sarcina pasteurii were cultured in liquid seed culture medium at 25°C, 37°C, 28°C, and 30°C for 36 h, respectively, and inoculated into LB at 8% inoculation rate.

[0050] The culture medium was shaken and cultured at 25°C, 37°C, 28°C, and 30°C until the bacterial concentration was

[0051] OD600≈2.0, mix evenly in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and freeze-dry into freeze-dried powder to obtain a microbial agent;

[0052] (2) Chicken manure fermentation:

[0053] The biochemical potassium humate is spread on the bottom of the fermentation tank, the water content of the chicken manure is adjusted to 55%, added to the fermentation tank, urea is added, the microbial agent prepared in step (1) is added, and the fermentation substrate is ventilated and cultured for 2 days, sealed with a plastic film, covered with soil, fermented for 7 days, opened the plastic film, stirred and turned the fermentation substrate, water is added to adjust the water content to 60%, and the coating film is continued to be sealed, covered with soil, and fermented for 7 days, and then ventilated and dried to a water content of ≤3%, crushed and ground through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a fermented chicken manure mixture;

[0054] (3) Enhanced nicotine biochar:

[0055] Clean the dirt and impurities on the surface of the cigarette, crush it into small pieces of 3 cm, soak it in ammonia solution for 6 hours, add polyacrylamide, stir it for 2 hours, ventilate and dry it until the moisture content is ≤8%, add it to the reactor, pass nitrogen to exhaust the air, and control the nitrogen flow rate to 80 cm3 / min, heated at 550℃ for 5h, cooled to room temperature, and obtained nicotine-enhanced biochar;

[0056] (4) Modified alkali slag powder:

[0057] Wash the surface sludge of the alkali residue with clean water, dry it with ventilation until the moisture content is ≤10%, grind it through a 120-mesh sieve, add it to the reactor, dissolve calcium stearate in turpentine, add it to the reactor, mix and stir evenly, add sodium borohydride, shake it at 35°C for 5h, and shake it at a speed of 200r / min to obtain modified alkali residue powder;

[0058] (5) Granulation

[0059] The nicotine-enhanced biochar prepared in step (3) is ventilated and dried to a moisture content of ≤10%, crushed and ground through a 120-mesh sieve, and the fermented chicken manure mixture, calcium silicate powder, and plant ash prepared in step (2) are added in sequence, stirred and mixed evenly, and the modified alkali residue powder prepared in step (4) is added, stirred and mixed evenly, and dried to a moisture content of ≤15%, granulated by a granulator, and screened out.

[0060] 3-5mm particles, an acidic soil improving organic fertilizer is obtained.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] An acidic soil improving organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of chicken manure, 12 parts of urea, 8 parts of microbial agent, 60 parts of nicotine biochar, 26 parts of synergist, 20 parts of calcium silicate powder, 26 parts of biochemical potassium humate, 100 parts of alkali residue, 6 parts of modifier, 17 parts of turpentine and 45 parts of wood ash.

[0063] The microbial agent is Trichoderma koningii, Bacillus subtilis, Neurospora acidophilus and Sporosarcina pasteurii in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0064] The deposit number of the Trichoderma corningii is CGMCC3.17875; the deposit number of the Bacillus subtilis is CGMCC1.12938; the deposit number of the Acidophilus microsporidium is CGMCC4.5515; and the deposit number of the Sporosarcina pasteurii is CGMCC1.3687.

[0065] The nicotine biochar is prepared by carbonizing tobacco roots.

[0066] The synergist is polyacrylamide and ammonia water in a mass ratio of 1:10.

[0067] The ammonia water is an ammonia water solution with a mass fraction of 6%.

[0068] The modifier is calcium stearate and sodium borohydride in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0069] A method for preparing an acidic soil improving organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0070] (1) Preparation of microbial agents:

[0071] Trichoderma koningii, Bacillus subtilis, Neurospora acidophilus, and Sarcina pasteurii were cultured in liquid seed culture medium at 25°C, 37°C, 28°C, and 30°C for 36 h, respectively, and inoculated into LB at 8% inoculation rate.

[0072] In the culture medium, shaking culture is performed at 25°C, 37°C, 28°C, and 30°C respectively until the bacterial concentration reaches OD600≈2.0, the mixture is evenly mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and freeze-dried into freeze-dried powder to obtain a microbial agent;

[0073] (2) Chicken manure fermentation:

[0074] The biochemical potassium humate is spread on the bottom of the fermentation tank, the water content of the chicken manure is adjusted to 55%, added to the fermentation tank, urea is added, the microbial agent prepared in step (1) is added, and the fermentation substrate is ventilated and cultured for 2 days, sealed with a plastic film, covered with soil, fermented for 7 days, opened the plastic film, stirred and turned the fermentation substrate, water is added to adjust the water content to 60%, and the coating film is continued to be sealed, covered with soil, and fermented for 7 days, and then ventilated and dried to a water content of ≤3%, crushed and ground through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a fermented chicken manure mixture;

[0075] (3) Enhanced nicotine biochar:

[0076] Clean the dirt and impurities on the surface of the cigarette, crush it into small pieces of 4 cm, soak it in ammonia solution for 6 hours, add polyacrylamide, stir it for 2 hours, ventilate and dry it until the moisture content is ≤8%, add it to the reactor, pass nitrogen to exhaust the air, and control the nitrogen flow rate to 80 cm 3 / min, heated at 550℃ for 5h, cooled to room temperature, and obtained nicotine-enhanced biochar;

[0077] (4) Modified alkali slag powder:

[0078] Wash the surface sludge of the alkali residue with clean water, dry it with ventilation until the moisture content is ≤10%, grind it through a 120-mesh sieve, add it to the reactor, dissolve calcium stearate in turpentine, add it to the reactor, mix and stir evenly, add sodium borohydride, shake it at 35°C for 5h, and shake it at a speed of 200r / min to obtain modified alkali residue powder;

[0079] (5) Granulation

[0080] The nicotine-enhanced biochar prepared in step (3) is ventilated and dried to a moisture content of ≤10%, crushed and ground through a 120-mesh sieve, and the fermented chicken manure mixture, calcium silicate powder, and plant ash prepared in step (2) are added in sequence, stirred and mixed evenly, and the modified alkali residue powder prepared in step (4) is added, stirred and mixed evenly, and dried to a moisture content of ≤15%, granulated by a granulator, and screened out.

[0081] 3-5mm particles, an acidic soil improving organic fertilizer is obtained.

[0082] Example 3

[0083] An acidic soil improving organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of chicken manure, 15 parts of urea, 10 parts of microbial agent, 70 parts of nicotine biochar, 28 parts of synergist, 26 parts of calcium silicate powder, 30 parts of biochemical potassium humate, 120 parts of alkali residue, 8 parts of modifier, 20 parts of turpentine and 55 parts of plant ash.

[0084] The microbial agent is Trichoderma koningii, Bacillus subtilis, Neurospora acidophilus and Sporosarcina pasteurii in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0085] The deposit number of the Trichoderma corningii is CGMCC3.17875; the deposit number of the Bacillus subtilis is CGMCC1.12938; the deposit number of the Acidophilus microsporidium is CGMCC4.5515; and the deposit number of the Sporosarcina pasteurii is CGMCC1.3687.

[0086] The nicotine biochar is prepared by carbonizing tobacco roots.

[0087] The synergist is polyacrylamide and ammonia water in a mass ratio of 1:10.

[0088] The ammonia water is an ammonia water solution with a mass fraction of 8%.

[0089] The modifier is calcium stearate and sodium borohydride in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0090] A method for preparing an acidic soil improving organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0091] (1) Preparation of microbial agents:

[0092] Trichoderma koningii, Bacillus subtilis, Neurospora acidophilus, and Sarcina pasteurii were cultured in liquid seed culture medium at 25°C, 37°C, 28°C, and 30°C for 36 h, respectively, and inoculated into LB at 8% inoculation rate.

[0093] The culture medium was shaken and cultured at 25°C, 37°C, 28°C, and 30°C until the bacterial concentration was

[0094] OD600≈2.0, mix evenly in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and freeze-dry into freeze-dried powder to obtain a microbial agent;

[0095] (2) Chicken manure fermentation:

[0096] The biochemical potassium humate is spread on the bottom of the fermentation tank, the water content of the chicken manure is adjusted to 55%, added to the fermentation tank, urea is added, the microbial agent prepared in step (1) is added, and the fermentation substrate is ventilated and cultured for 2 days, sealed with a plastic film, covered with soil, fermented for 7 days, opened the plastic film, stirred and turned the fermentation substrate, water is added to adjust the water content to 60%, and the coating film is continued to be sealed, covered with soil, and fermented for 7 days, and then ventilated and dried to a water content of ≤3%, crushed and ground through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a fermented chicken manure mixture;

[0097] (3) Enhanced nicotine biochar:

[0098] Clean the dirt and impurities on the surface of the cigarette, crush it into 5cm small pieces, soak it in ammonia solution for 6h, add polyacrylamide, stir it for 2h, ventilate and dry it until the moisture content is ≤8%, add it to the reactor, pass nitrogen to exhaust the air, and control the nitrogen flow rate to 80cm 3 / min, heated at 550℃ for 5h, cooled to room temperature, and obtained nicotine-enhanced biochar;

[0099] (4) Modified alkali slag powder:

[0100] Wash the surface sludge of the alkali residue with clean water, dry it with ventilation until the moisture content is ≤10%, grind it through a 120-mesh sieve, add it to the reactor, dissolve calcium stearate in turpentine, add it to the reactor, mix and stir evenly, add sodium borohydride, shake it at 35°C for 5h, and shake it at a speed of 200r / min to obtain modified alkali residue powder;

[0101] (5) Granulation

[0102] The nicotine-enhanced biochar prepared in step (3) is ventilated and dried to a moisture content of ≤10%, crushed and ground through a 120-mesh sieve, and the fermented chicken manure mixture, calcium silicate powder, and plant ash prepared in step (2) are added in sequence, stirred and mixed evenly, and the modified alkali residue powder prepared in step (4) is added, stirred and mixed evenly, and dried to a moisture content of ≤15%, granulated by a granulator, and screened out.

[0103] 3-5mm particles, an acidic soil improving organic fertilizer is obtained.

[0104] Comparative Example 1

[0105] Compared with Example 3, this comparative example does not use a synergist, and the rest of the operation process is exactly the same as that of Example 3.

[0106] Comparative Example 2

[0107] Compared with Example 3, the synergist used in this comparative example is only polyacrylamide, and the rest of the operation process is exactly the same as that of Example 3.

[0108] Comparative Example 3

[0109] Compared with Example 3, the synergist used in this comparative example is only 8% ammonia solution by mass, and the rest of the operation process is exactly the same as that of Example 3.

[0110] Comparative Example 4

[0111] Compared with Example 3, the synergist used in this comparative example is polyacrylamide and ammonia water in a mass ratio of 1:5, and the rest of the operation process is exactly the same as that of Example 3.

[0112] Comparative Example 5

[0113] Compared with Example 3, the synergist used in this comparative example is polyacrylamide and ammonia water in a mass ratio of 1:9, and the rest of the operation process is exactly the same as that of Example 3.

[0114] Comparative Example 6

[0115] Compared with Example 3, the synergist used in this comparative example is polyacrylamide and ammonia water in a mass ratio of 1:11, and the rest of the operation process is exactly the same as that of Example 3.

[0116] Comparative Example 7

[0117] Compared with Example 3, the synergist used in this comparative example is polyacrylamide and ammonia water in a mass ratio of 1:15, and the rest of the operation process is exactly the same as that of Example 3.

[0118] Comparative Example 8

[0119] Compared with Example 3, this comparative example does not use a modifier, and the rest of the operation process is exactly the same as Example 3.

[0120] Comparative Example 9

[0121] Compared with Example 3, the modifier used in this comparative example is calcium stearate, and the rest of the operation process is exactly the same as that of Example 3.

[0122] Comparative Example 10

[0123] Compared with Example 3, the modifier used in this comparative example is sodium borohydride, and the rest of the operation process is exactly the same as that of Example 3.

[0124] Detection experiment

[0125] Sampling location: Abapo Village, Changhu Town, Shilin County, Yunnan Province. The soil in the test site is mountain red soil and clay. Soil properties: pH 4.9, organic matter 16.5g / Kg, cracked nitrogen 146mg / Kg, available phosphorus 17.2mg / Kg, available potassium 56mg / Kg, available calcium 582mg / Kg, available magnesium 55mg / Kg, CEC13.5cmol / Kg, aluminum ion 3852mg / Kg, available cadmium 0.184mg / Kg, available lead 7.52mg / Kg, available mercury 0.0285mg / Kg. The perennial crop is flue-cured tobacco.

[0126] Sampling method: The experimental field was divided into 13 parts, and the fertilizers obtained from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-10 were applied respectively. One day before transplanting the flue-cured tobacco, the organic fertilizers of the examples and comparative examples were applied at a rate of 2000 kg / hm2. 2 Apply the dosage into the tobacco pond according to the corresponding treatment and mix it thoroughly with the soil.

[0127] Soil tests were carried out on the original soil before fertilization and on the test fields of each component 60 days after fertilization. Soil was randomly collected from 5 points in the 25 cm soil layer in each test field, and the soil pH, bulk density, density, organic matter, cracked nitrogen, available phosphorus, available calcium, available magnesium, CEC, aluminum ion, available cadmium, available lead, and available mercury content were tested, and the average value was calculated.

[0128] Detection method:

[0129] pH: measured by potentiometric method;

[0130] Bulk density: The testing standard refers to NY / T1121.4-2006 "Soil Testing Part 4: Determination of Soil Bulk Density";

[0131] Density: The testing standard refers to NY / T1121.23-2006 "Soil Testing Part 23: Determination of Soil Particle Density";

[0132] Organic matter: Determined by potassium dichromate volumetric method;

[0133] Decoding nitrogen: Determined by alkaline diffusion method;

[0134] Available phosphorus: Determined by sodium bicarbonate extraction spectrophotometry;

[0135] Available potassium: Determined by flame photometry using 1M ammonium acetate extraction solution;

[0136] Available calcium and magnesium: ammonium acetate is used as the soil exchange agent as recorded in NY / T1211.13.2006, and the exchangeable calcium and magnesium in the leachate are determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry;

[0137] CEC: Using the primary equilibrium method, the soil is leached with ammonium oxalate-ammonium chloride solution, so that the potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, hydrogen, aluminum and other cations adsorbed by the soil are replaced by NH4 + Replacement, excess NH4+ is distilled by nitrogen determination distillation method, the distilled ammonia is absorbed by boric acid solution, and the amount of ammonia is titrated with hydrochloric acid standard solution. Compare with blank to calculate the exchange capacity of soil cations;

[0138] Aluminum ion: Determination by potassium chloride exchange-neutralization titration method;

[0139] Effective cadmium and lead: Determined by atomic absorption spectrometry according to GB / T23739-2009, using DTPA to extract lead and cadmium from soil;

[0140] Effective mercury: Determined with reference to "Journal of Light Industry 2018 Issue 1: Rapid Detection of Effective Heavy Metal Mercury in Soil".

[0141] The specific test results are shown in Table 1-2:

[0142] Table 1 Soil property test table

[0143]

[0144]

[0145] Table 2 Soil property test table

[0146]

[0147]

[0148] Field trials

[0149] Rice was planted in 13 test fields of acidic red soil in Wunantang Village, Susong County, Anhui Province (rice was purchased from Jiangsu Ruihua Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.-Nangeng 518). On June 3, 2018, basal fertilizer (Stanley compound fertilizer-San'an, N-P2O5-K2O: 19-19-19, total nutrients ≥57%) was applied, 60Kg per mu, and then the acidic soil improved organic fertilizer prepared by Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-10 was applied to 13 test fields, 50Kg per mu, transplanted on June 6, transplanted rice plant spacing of 10cm, row spacing of 25cm, topdressed tillering fertilizer on June 15, urea (purchased from Anyang Zhongying Fertilizer Co., Ltd.-Zhongying: total nitrogen ≥46%) was applied, and rice was harvested on October 7, and the plant height, panicle number, grain number, thousand-grain weight, and per mu yield of each component of rice were counted respectively. The specific statistical results are shown in Table 3:

[0150] Table 3 Rice planting and harvesting

[0151]

[0152]

[0153] According to the rice harvesting conditions in Table 3, the application of the acidic soil improving organic fertilizer prepared in Examples 1-3 can increase the number of rice panicles and grains per plant, the grains are fuller, the average thousand-grain weight is 30.8 g, and the yield per mu reaches 655 kg. Compared with the application of the components of the acidic soil improving organic fertilizer of Comparative Examples 1-10, the present invention can fully improve the soil quality of acidic soil, reduce the number of withering and death of rice seedlings, improve the fertility of acidic soil and the absorption and utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients by rice crops, and improve the quality and yield of crops.

[0154] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only partial embodiments of the preferred methods of implementing the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Obviously, based on the above embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An acidic soil improving organic fertilizer, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of chicken manure, 10-15 parts of urea, 6-10 parts of microbial agent, 50-70 parts of nicotine biochar, 25-28 parts of synergist, 18-26 parts of calcium silicate powder, 22-30 parts of biochemical potassium humate, 80-120 parts of alkali residue, 4-8 parts of modifier, 15-20 parts of turpentine oil. parts, 35-55 parts of wood ash.

2. The acidic soil improving organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent is Trichoderma koningii and Bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:

1. subtilis, Catenulispora acidiphila, Sporosarcina pasteurii.

3. The acidic soil improving organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The deposit number of the Trichoderma corningii is CGMCC3.17875; the deposit number of the Bacillus subtilis is CGMCC1.12938; the deposit number of the Acidophilus microsporidium is CGMCC4.5515; and the deposit number of the Sporosarcina pasteurii is CGMCC1.3687.

4. The acidic soil improving organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nicotine biochar is prepared by carbonizing tobacco roots.

5. The acidic soil improving organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synergist is polyacrylamide and ammonia water in a mass ratio of 1:

10.

6. The acidic soil improving organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ammonia water is an ammonia water solution with a mass fraction of 5-8%.

7. The acidic soil improving organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modifier is calcium stearate and sodium borohydride in a mass ratio of 1:

1.

8. A method for preparing the acidic soil improving organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Here are the steps: (1) Preparation of microbial agents: The corn derma, Bacillus subtilis, acidophilic Neurospora, and pasteurian sporosarcina were cultured in a liquid seed culture medium at 25°C, 37°C, 28°C, and 30°C for 36 hours, respectively, inoculated into LB culture medium at an inoculum rate of 8%, respectively, and cultured under shaking conditions at 25°C, 37°C, 28°C, and 30°C until the bacterial concentration reached OD600≈2.0, mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and freeze-dried into freeze-dried powder to obtain a microbial agent; (2) Chicken manure fermentation: The biochemical potassium humate is spread on the bottom of the fermentation tank, the water content of the chicken manure is adjusted to 55%, added to the fermentation tank, urea is added, the microbial agent prepared in step (1) is added, and the fermentation substrate is ventilated and cultured for 2 days, sealed with a plastic film, covered with soil, fermented for 7 days, opened the plastic film, stirred and turned the fermentation substrate, water is added to adjust the water content to 60%, and the coating film is continued to be sealed, covered with soil, and fermented for 7 days, and then ventilated and dried to a water content of ≤3%, crushed and ground through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain a fermented chicken manure mixture; (3) Enhanced nicotine biochar: Wash the dirt and impurities on the surface of the cigarette, crush it into small pieces of 3-5cm, soak it in ammonia solution for 6h, add polyacrylamide, stir it for 2h, ventilate and dry it until the moisture content is ≤8%, add it to the reactor, pass nitrogen to exhaust the air, and control the nitrogen flow rate to 80cm 3 / min, heated at 550℃ for 5h, cooled to room temperature, and obtained nicotine-enhanced biochar; (4) Modified alkali slag powder: Wash the surface sludge of the alkali residue with clean water, dry it with ventilation until the moisture content is ≤10%, grind it through a 120-mesh sieve, add it to the reactor, dissolve calcium stearate in turpentine, add it to the reactor, mix and stir evenly, add sodium borohydride, shake it at 35°C for 5h, and shake it at a speed of 200r / min to obtain modified alkali residue powder; (5) Granulation The synergistic nicotine biochar prepared in step (3) is ventilated and dried to a moisture content of ≤10%, crushed and ground to pass through a 120-mesh sieve, and the fermented chicken manure mixture, calcium silicate powder, and wood ash prepared in step (2) are added in sequence, stirred and mixed evenly, and the modified alkali residue powder prepared in step (4) is added, stirred and mixed evenly, and dried to a moisture content of ≤15%. The biochar is granulated by a granulator, and 3-5 mm particles are screened out to obtain an acidic soil improving organic fertilizer.

Images