Railway line three-dimensional modeling and automatic system based on BIM and WebGIS technologies

Abstract

The invention discloses a BIM (Building Information Modeling) and WebGIS (Web Geographic Information System) technology-based railway line three-dimensional modeling and automatic system, which relates to the technical field of railway line planning systems, and is technically characterized in that the system generates a three-dimensional center line of a railway line through GIS data, and automatically creates a BIM model of the railway line in combination with RLIMI equipment management data; the system comprises a data input module, a three-dimensional line center line calculation module, a BIM model generation module, a multi-source data fusion module and a WebGIS platform. According to the method, the coordinate conversion problem of multi-source data is solved through a unified projection coordinate system, and seamless fusion of GIS, BIM and RLIMI data is realized; the system can display a three-dimensional railway line model on a WebGIS platform, and provides equipment query, spatial analysis and fault prediction functions. According to the method, the BIM modeling efficiency of the railway line is greatly improved, the modeling cost is reduced, real-time data updating and intelligent operation and maintenance management are supported, and the method is suitable for daily management, maintenance and planning of the railway line.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of railway line planning systems, and in particular to a railway line three-dimensional modeling and automatic system based on BIM and WebGIS technologies. Background Art

[0002] Railway lines, as a complex linear infrastructure, are widely used in the transportation sector of the national economy. However, due to their long length, wide coverage, and complex terrain, the operation and maintenance of railway lines are complex and costly. In recent years, with the increasing demand for railway infrastructure construction and maintenance, how to improve the maintenance efficiency of railway lines and reduce operation and maintenance costs has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] The operating and maintenance costs of existing railway lines are extremely high. For example, the European Union spent about 20.6 billion euros on railway maintenance in 2018, and the US railway industry spent more than 780 billion US dollars on infrastructure and equipment maintenance from 1980 to 2022. On the one hand, this is because railway lines span diverse terrains and complex climate environments, and maintenance involves a lot of labor, equipment and time costs; on the other hand, railway facilities themselves are of various types, including roadbeds, bridges, tunnels and other infrastructure, and the management of these facilities relies on a large amount of operation and maintenance data and real-time monitoring.

[0004] Technical bottlenecks in railway line management:

[0005] Current railway line maintenance usually relies on traditional two-dimensional maps and table-based management data, which makes it difficult to intuitively express the complex spatial relationship between railway lines and their components. Although geographic information systems (GIS) can display topographic information along the line, in the process of railway operation and maintenance, the information provided by GIS is relatively limited and cannot show the three-dimensional spatial structure and management information of railway facilities in detail. At the same time, the existing three-dimensional GIS software lacks high-precision three-dimensional modeling tools, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of refined modeling of railway line components.

[0006] BIM technology is not widely used in the railway field:

[0007] Although Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has been widely used in the construction industry, it is relatively less used in the field of railway operation management, especially the lack of effective BIM integrated application in the comprehensive management of the entire railway line. The current BIM modeling of railway lines mainly relies on manual modeling or the use of expensive 3D laser scanning equipment to obtain point cloud data. These methods are not only costly, but also inefficient in the BIM reconstruction of existing lines. Especially for existing lines that are not designed using BIM technology, manual modeling is time-consuming and prone to errors, resulting in data inconsistency and difficulty in maintenance and updating.

[0008] Data integration and multi-source data fusion are difficult:

[0009] At present, the management data sources of railway lines are complex, including multi-source heterogeneous data from GIS, BIM and RLIMI (railway line infrastructure management information). How to effectively integrate data from these different sources, especially solving the conversion problem between different coordinate systems, is a major challenge in existing technologies. The inconsistency of data not only affects the daily operation and maintenance management of railway lines, but also increases the complexity of management.

[0010] Integration requirements of railway BIM and WebGIS:

[0011] In order to effectively deal with the above challenges, the need to integrate BIM and WebGIS technology has gradually emerged. As a technology that accurately describes the three-dimensional structure of buildings and infrastructure, BIM can provide higher accuracy and visualization capabilities for the three-dimensional modeling of railway lines. WebGIS technology can display the geographical environment around the line in real time and realize collaborative management of multiple users through the network.

[0012] The combination of BIM and GIS can provide the following advantages for railway line management:

[0013] More intuitive 3D visualization: Integrate the 3D model of the railway line with the surrounding geographic information, allowing managers to intuitively understand the relationship between the railway line and the geographical environment.

[0014] Accurate spatial analysis and equipment query: The integrated platform can provide accurate equipment positioning and status query, and support spatial measurement, equipment management and operation and maintenance history analysis.

[0015] Automated modeling and updating: Generate route centerlines through GIS data and combine existing railway management information to automatically create BIM models. The model can also be automatically updated as management information is updated.

[0016] Deficiencies of existing technology:

[0017] (1) Manual modeling is inefficient and automation costs are high;

[0018] (2) Manually creating a railway line BIM model is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also prone to data inconsistency and difficulty in updating. Although the existing point cloud data modeling method can improve the modeling accuracy to a certain extent, its acquisition cost is high. The use of 3D laser scanning equipment is not only costly, but also requires professional operation.

[0019] (3) Insufficient integration of BIM and GIS for railway lines:

[0020] Although BIM and GIS each have certain advantages, their integrated application in railway line management is relatively rare. Especially in the management of the overall railway line, there is still a lack of mature solutions for how to effectively integrate the 3D BIM model with the GIS geographic information system.

[0021] (4) The level of intelligence and informatization of railway operation and maintenance management is low:

[0022] Existing technologies rely on traditional management models and lack a unified 3D visualization platform. For railway lines that cross complex terrain, existing 2D management methods are difficult to provide comprehensive management support, especially in terms of intelligent management needs such as equipment query, spatial analysis and fault prediction. Summary of the invention

[0023] The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a railway line three-dimensional modeling and automatic system based on BIM and WebGIS technology to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0024] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0025] A railway line three-dimensional modeling and automatic system based on BIM and WebGIS technology, the system comprising:

[0026] Data input module: receiving GIS vector data, remote sensing images and RLIMI (railway line infrastructure management information) data;

[0027] 3D line centerline calculation module: Calculate the 3D line centerline based on GIS data and RLIMI data;

[0028] 3D BIM model generation module: Automatically generate railway line BIM model based on line centerline and equipment location information Coordinate conversion module: Ensure conversion between different coordinate systems (CRS, LRS, local coordinate system), the formula is as follows:

[0029] P PCRS =P LCS (m i )·R z ·R y ·R x ·T

[0030] Among them, R z ,R y ,R x are the rotation matrices along the Z, Y and X axes respectively, and T is the translation matrix.

[0031] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the step of calculating the center line of the three-dimensional line is:

[0032] Extract the track centerline point from the GIS vector data of the up and down track centerlines of the double-track railway, denoted as P Ltrack and P Rtrack , they are all two-dimensional points, represented by (x, y) i In addition, the control point coordinates P are extracted from the uplink and downlink control point GIS vector data. Lcon and P Rcon (x,y) k , which is also a two-dimensional point; since the control point is the starting and ending point of the bridge or tunnel, the mileage value m corresponding to the starting and ending point of the bridge or tunnel can be obtained from the RLIMI data i , so the coordinates of the control points can be expressed as

[0033] Use the mileage of the control point to calculate the mileage value of the track centerline point: According to the distance formula:

[0034]

[0035] Calculate the distance from the control point to the track centerline point, and use the spatial insertion sort algorithm to insert each control point into the track centerline point sequence by row. Lcon Insert into P Ltrack , P Rcon Insert into P Rtrack , the obtained point coordinates are partly (x,y) i , part of At this time, only linear interpolation can be used to calculate the mileage value m. i Calculate the remaining points without mileage values. Finally, all points have mileage values ​​and two-dimensional projection coordinates, expressed as

[0036] Extract the two-dimensional projection coordinates of the track centerline points (with mileage values) from the track centerline points in both the up and down directions. The calculation method is as follows: Figure 2 As shown in (b), take one up track centerline point (P Ltrack ), create a circular buffer zone O with this point as the center, and the circle intersects with the downlink track centerline vector data at point P C Calculate the line centerline point P according to the following formula Crailway The two-dimensional projection coordinates of :

[0037]

[0038] The last step: use the slope table to calculate the elevation z of the centerline point of the line. (Explanation: In RLIMI data, mileage is used to record location information. Therefore, in the second step above, the mileage of the control point is used to calculate the mileage of the track centerline point.) With the z value, the coordinates of the centerline point of the line are three-dimensional, and can be used express.

[0039] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the elevation calculation method of the centerline point of the three-dimensional line is based on a slope table, and the specific steps include:

[0040] Read the start point, end point and slope values ​​from the RLIMI slope table and calculate the elevation of the line centerline point according to the following formula:

[0041] z i =z s +λ×(m i -ξ s )

[0042] Among them, z i is the elevation of the ith point, z s is the starting point elevation, and λ is the slope.

[0043] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the BIM model for calculating linear components uses a geometric scanning method based on the track centerline, specifically including:

[0044] Generate a linear component BIM model using track centerline points and component templates;

[0045] The three-dimensional coordinates of the track centerline point are calculated as follows:

[0046]

[0047] Among them, P Ltrack and P Rtrack They are the centerline points of the left and right tracks respectively.

[0048] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the BIM model generation of nonlinear components is completed by translation and rotation of the local coordinate system, and the specific steps include:

[0049] Calculate the rotation angle of the component in the local coordinate system:

[0050]

[0051] After the rotation is completed, the BIM model of the nonlinear object is generated based on the projected coordinate system.

[0052] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the multi-source data fusion method specifically includes:

[0053] Multi-source data collection and preprocessing: including GIS data import, RLIMI data association and BIM model creation;

[0054] Perform unified pre-processing operations on information from different data sources, such as data format conversion and data cleaning, to ensure data integrity and consistency;

[0055] Data fusion rules: By matching the globally unique identifier (GUID) in the BIM model with the RLIMI data, various facilities in the model are associated with the corresponding management information, ensuring unified management and operation of heterogeneous metadata in railway line management;

[0056] Geographic information integration: through integration with the Geographic Reference System (CRS), the 3D model of the railway line is aligned with the actual geographical location;

[0057] Use GIS technology to visualize the railway line and its surrounding environment in three dimensions, integrate terrain, images and other spatial data, and achieve multi-level spatial analysis and decision support.

[0058] Query and display of integrated data: Based on the integrated multi-source data, it supports 3D visualization, interactive query and maintenance of railway facilities, provides status information and management data of facilities including track equipment, bridges, tunnels, etc., and improves the intelligent level of railway line management.

[0059] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the system provides a three-dimensional visualization platform for railway lines based on WebGIS, which integrates BIM and GIS data and provides the following functions:

[0060] 3D visualization display: including railway lines and surrounding geographical information;

[0061] Device information query: supports device positioning and status management based on three-dimensional scenes;

[0062] Spatial analysis functions: such as distance measurement and buffer analysis.

[0063] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the creation of a three-dimensional BIM model of a railway line is achieved by the following steps:

[0064] Automatically obtain component position and spatial offset through RLIMI data and line mileage information;

[0065] The projection coordinates of the device are calculated using the following formula:

[0066]

[0067] Among them, x i ,y i,z i is the projection coordinate, and T is the translation matrix.

[0068] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the BIM model automatic generation algorithm of the system includes:

[0069] Using predefined templates of linear objects (such as tracks and bridges), a 3D model is generated based on the trajectory of the centerline. The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0070] Algorithm2: CreatingLinearBIM

[0071] Input: track centerline point, template;

[0072] Output: Linear BIM model;

[0073] Steps: Generate 3D curves using the rail centerline points and generate the model using the Sweep modifier.

[0074] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the creation of the BIM model of nonlinear objects (such as bridge piers and contact network pillars) is realized by a replication algorithm based on local coordinates. The specific pseudo code is as follows:

[0075] Algorithm3: CreatingNonlinearBIM

[0076] Input: device information table, projection coordinate system point set, template object;

[0077] Output: nonlinear BIM model, steps: read center mileage value, obtain projection coordinates, copy template object and complete rotation, add semantic information.

[0078] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0079] The present invention proposes a railway line three-dimensional modeling and operation and maintenance management system based on BIM (Building Information Model) and WebGIS (Web Geographic Information System), which overcomes many limitations of the prior art and specifically embodies the following beneficial effects:

[0080] 1. Automated modeling improves modeling efficiency and reduces costs:

[0081] The creation of existing railway line BIM models mainly relies on manual operation or expensive 3D laser scanning equipment, which is inefficient and costly. The present invention automatically generates a 3D BIM model of the railway line by introducing line centerline calculation based on GIS data and equipment location information based on RLIMI data. This automated modeling process not only reduces manual operation, but also greatly shortens modeling time:

[0082] Improved modeling efficiency: Compared with the manual BIM modeling method, the present invention automatically calculates the line centerline and generates a three-dimensional model through an algorithm, saving more than 90% of the modeling time. The use of RLIMI data to automatically calculate the component position eliminates the process of manual data input and improves data consistency.

[0083] Cost reduction: No need to rely on expensive 3D scanning equipment, high-precision BIM models can be generated based on existing GIS and railway management information, greatly reducing the cost of railway line BIM modeling.

[0084] 2. The integration of multi-source data achieves data consistency and improves management efficiency:

[0085] Railway line management involves multiple data sources, including GIS geographic information, BIM three-dimensional models, and RLIMI management information. In the prior art, the integration of different data sources often leads to complex management due to problems such as inconsistent coordinate systems and incompatible data. The present invention achieves seamless integration of multi-source data through a data fusion module:

[0086] Coordinate system conversion and data consistency: Through a unified projection coordinate system (CRS), the difficulty of converting GIS, BIM and RLIMI data between different coordinate systems is solved, ensuring the accuracy of data georeferencing. Based on precise coordinate conversion algorithms, the consistency of each component of the railway line with the actual geographical location is guaranteed.

[0087] Comprehensive management of multi-dimensional information: This invention realizes the deep integration of GIS and BIM models, and integrates RLIMI equipment management information into the three-dimensional scene. Users can directly view the location information, historical records and maintenance status of the equipment on the three-dimensional visualization platform, which greatly improves the management efficiency of railway operation and maintenance.

[0088] 3. 3D visualization and spatial analysis functions improve the intelligence level of railway operation and maintenance:

[0089] The existing railway line management system mainly relies on two-dimensional maps and traditional management tables, which makes it difficult to intuitively express complex geographic information and facility structures. This invention introduces the WebGIS platform to achieve three-dimensional visualization of railway lines and surrounding geographical environments, and supports spatial analysis and equipment management:

[0090] Intuitive 3D visualization: The system integrates the 3D BIM model of the railway line and GIS geographic information, allowing users to intuitively view the overall picture of the line and the spatial distribution of its components in a 3D scene. Especially in complex terrain environments, users can view the relationship between the line and the terrain in real time, and optimize and adjust the line according to actual needs.

[0091] Spatial analysis and equipment management functions: The platform supports functions such as 3D visualization query, spatial measurement and buffer zone analysis of equipment. Users can click on a specific equipment in the 3D scene to view its detailed information and use the spatial analysis function to comprehensively evaluate the operation of the line and equipment. For example, users can warn of potential risk areas by measuring the distance between tracks or analyzing the environment around the tracks.

[0092] 4. Real-time data update and dynamic maintenance support improve management accuracy:

[0093] The management and maintenance of railway lines requires real-time knowledge of equipment status and update information. Traditional maintenance systems often rely on offline data, which is not updated in a timely manner, resulting in data failure or inconsistency. The present invention supports real-time update and dynamic maintenance of equipment management data through the integration of BIM and RLIMI:

[0094] Real-time data synchronization and update: The system can dynamically receive and process the latest data from the daily operation and maintenance of the railway line. Users can check the current status of the railway line and equipment at any time. By analyzing maintenance records and historical fault data, the system can provide early warning of possible equipment failures, thereby improving the safety and maintenance efficiency of the railway line.

[0095] Intelligent fault prediction and maintenance optimization: Based on the integration of multi-source data and the accumulation of historical data, the system can intelligently predict potential fault problems by analyzing the operating conditions and historical fault records of the equipment, and provide optimized maintenance suggestions to help managers effectively formulate maintenance plans.

[0096] 5. Flexible WebGIS platform improves data sharing and collaborative work capabilities:

[0097] The management and maintenance of railway lines usually involve multiple departments and collaborative work. Traditional management methods often lead to low work efficiency due to inconsistent data and lack of information sharing. The present invention uses the WebGIS platform to achieve flexible data publishing and sharing:

[0098] Multi-user collaboration and authority management: Based on the WebGIS platform, multiple users can view the 3D model of the railway line and equipment status information at different locations at the same time. The system provides a flexible authority management mechanism, and users from different departments can access the corresponding data according to their authority and work together through the platform.

[0099] Cross-platform data sharing: The system supports access on different devices (such as PC, tablet, mobile phone, etc.). Users can view the latest information of railway lines anytime and anywhere, making it convenient for managers at all levels to make timely decisions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0100] Figure 1 It is the process of calculating the center line of three-dimensional line;

[0101] Figure 2 To obtain the coordinates of the track centerline nodes;

[0102] Figure 3 Prototype templates created for railway line structures, (a) railway bridge structure; (b) tunnel cross section; (c) cutting roadbed cross section; (d) embankment roadbed cross section; (e) bridge cross section; (f) rail cross section; (g) rail entity. (h) and (i) two types of sleepers; (j) inserted catenary support; (k) suspended catenary support; (l) bridge pier; (m) bridge abutment; (n) tunnel entrance.

[0103] Figure 4 Coordinate axis settings for nonlinear objects;

[0104] Figure 5 BIM / GIS integration solution process based on SuperMap platform;

[0105] Figure 6 The 3D railway scene display of the prototype system, (a) is the railway embankment scene; (b) is the tunnel scene; (c) is the bridge scene; (d) is the overall scene including the embankment, bridge and tunnel

[0106] Figure 7 System functions in the prototype system

[0107] (a) 3D visualization and query interface; (b) object-level management example; (c) & (d) analysis function; (e) train operation simulation; (f) track status management. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0108] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0109] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and multiple embodiments.

[0110] Implementation 1: Infrastructure of Railway Line 3D Modeling System

[0111] This implementation demonstrates a railway line 3D modeling and management system based on BIM and WebGIS technology. The basic architecture of the system includes a data input module, a 3D line centerline calculation module, a BIM model generation module, a multi-source data fusion module and a WebGIS visualization platform. The main function of the architecture is to provide efficient and accurate 3D visualization and operation and maintenance support for railway line management.

[0112] 1. Data input module

[0113] GIS data import: Draw GIS data of railway lines from public maps or based on high-resolution remote sensing image data. GIS data includes the centerline, control points, image data and terrain data of railway tracks. Figure 2 As shown, the track centerline node information is extracted from the double-track railway and three-dimensional calculation is performed in combination with the control points.

[0114] RLIMI data import: Import RLIMI data from the Railway Engineering Management Information Database (PWMIS). Table 3 lists the detailed parameters of equipment such as slope, roadbed, bridge, tunnel, etc., which are used to assist in the calculation of the 3D line centerline and the determination of equipment location.

[0115] 2. Calculation of the centerline of a three-dimensional line

[0116] Extract track centerline points: The system extracts the two-dimensional projection coordinates of the track centerline points and control points from the GIS data. The calculation method of the track centerline is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the mileage and coordinate information of the control points are used to establish the conversion between LRS and CRS.

[0117] Insertion sort and mileage update: In order to associate control points with track centerline points, the system uses an insertion sort algorithm to insert control points into the track centerline point set and update their mileage values.

[0118] 3D centerline generation: The system calculates the elevation of the 3D centerline point based on the slope table. The formula is as follows:

[0119] z i =z s +λ×(m i -ξ s )

[0120] Among them, z i is the elevation of the i-th point on the line centerline, z s is the starting point elevation, λ is the slope, m i is the mileage value of the point. With the slope information, the system can generate an accurate three-dimensional line centerline.

[0121] 3. Generation of BIM Model

[0122] Generation of linear components: Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the system designs standard cross-section templates for linear components such as embankment roadbeds, bridges, and tunnels. The system generates a 3D model of the linear component by performing cross-section scanning based on the centerline of the railway line. The specific generation steps are: extracting the start and end mileage from the management information table, generating a 3D curve in combination with the centerline points, and using the scan modifier to combine the curve and the cross-section template to generate a complete BIM model.

[0123] Figure 3 (b)-(f) show the cross-sectional design and generation effects of different types of components, including roadbed, bridge, and rail.

[0124] Generation of nonlinear components: Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the generation of nonlinear components such as piers, sleepers and contact network pillars is transformed into projection coordinates through the local coordinate system. The generation of nonlinear components depends on the accuracy of the position. The system converts the local coordinate system to the projection coordinate system through the following formula:

[0125] P PCRS =P LCS (m i )·R z ·R y ·R x ·T

[0126] R z ,R y ,R x are the rotation matrices along the Z, Y and X axes respectively, and T is the translation matrix.

[0127] 4. Multi-source data fusion

[0128] Data fusion and registration: The system integrates BIM, GIS and RLIMI data to ensure that multi-source data is processed under the same projection coordinate system (CRS). Figure 7 As shown, the BIM model and GIS terrain data were Boolean operated to achieve accurate terrain correction and ensure that facilities such as tunnels and bridges match the terrain height.

[0129] RLIMI equipment information integration: The system associates the equipment data in RLIMI with the generated BIM model, and uses the Globally Unique Identifier (GUID) to interconnect the equipment management information with the 3D model, ensuring that each component has detailed management information in the 3D scene.

[0130] 5. WebGIS platform display

[0131] 3D visualization: Through the WebGIS platform, users can view the railway line and its surrounding geographical environment in a 3D scene. Figure 6Different types of 3D scenes are displayed, and the system supports the display of complete 3D models of facilities such as roadbeds, bridges, and tunnels.

[0132] Functional modules: The WebGIS platform also supports functions such as equipment query, spatial measurement, buffer analysis, etc. Users can directly locate equipment through three-dimensional scenes and view its historical maintenance records and status information, greatly improving management efficiency.

[0133] Implementation Method 2: Automated Railway Line BIM Modeling Method

[0134] This embodiment provides a specific method for automatically generating a railway line BIM model, covering the complete process from data input, line centerline calculation, BIM generation to 3D visualization. The specific steps are as follows:

[0135] 1. Input GIS data and RLIMI data of railway lines

[0136] GIS data import: The system obtains the geometric information of the railway line from GIS data, including track centerline, control points, terrain and image data.

[0137] RLIMI data import: The system obtains the equipment's location information, mileage information, and equipment type, size, and elevation from the RLIMI data.

[0138] 2. Calculation of the centerline of a three-dimensional line

[0139] The steps of calculating the center line of the three-dimensional line are:

[0140] Extract the track centerline point from the GIS vector data of the up and down track centerlines of the double-track railway, denoted as P Ltrack and P Rtrack , they are all two-dimensional points, represented by (x, y) i In addition, the control point coordinates P are extracted from the uplink and downlink control point GIS vector data. Lcon and P Rcon (x,y) k , which is also a two-dimensional point; since the control point is the starting and ending point of the bridge or tunnel, the mileage value m corresponding to the starting and ending point of the bridge or tunnel can be obtained from the RLIMI data i , so the coordinates of the control points can be expressed as

[0141] Use the mileage of the control point to calculate the mileage value of the track centerline point: According to the distance formula:

[0142]

[0143] Calculate the distance from the control point to the track centerline point, and use the spatial insertion sort algorithm to insert each control point into the track centerline point sequence by row. Lcon Insert into P Ltrack , P Rcon Insert into P Rtrack , the obtained point coordinates are partly (x,y) i , part of At this time, only linear interpolation can be used to calculate the mileage value m. i Calculate the remaining points without mileage values. Finally, all points have mileage values ​​and two-dimensional projection coordinates, expressed as

[0144] Extract the two-dimensional projection coordinates of the track centerline points (with mileage values) from the track centerline points in both the up and down directions. The calculation method is as follows: Figure 2 As shown in (b), take one up track centerline point (P Ltrack ), create a circular buffer zone O with this point as the center, and the circle intersects with the downlink track centerline vector data at point P C , calculate the line centerline point P according to the following formula Crailway The two-dimensional projection coordinates of :

[0145]

[0146] The last step: Use the slope table to calculate the elevation z of the center line point of the line. With the z value, the coordinates of the center line point of the line are three-dimensional, recorded as

[0147] 3. Generate railway line BIM model

[0148] Linear component generation: Figure 3 As shown, the system generates BIM models of linear components such as roadbeds, tunnels and bridges based on the line centerline scanning template. The BIM creation of linear objects is completed by combining 3D curves with cross-section templates. The system uses the following algorithm:

[0149] Algorithm2: CreatingLinearBIM

[0150] Get the start and end mileage from the management information table;

[0151] Generate 3D curves through centerline points;

[0152] Generate a 3D model by combining cross-section templates.

[0153] Table 3 Some parameters of railway line management data table

[0154]

[0155] Nonlinear component generation: Figure 4 As shown in Figure 1, the system uses the local coordinate transformation method to generate nonlinear component BIM models (such as bridge piers, sleepers, and catenary pillars). The BIM generation process of nonlinear objects is completed by copying the prototype template and rotating and translating it.

[0156] 4. Generate 3D scene

[0157] Application of WebGIS platform: Through the WebGIS platform, the system can display the three-dimensional scene of the entire railway line and support users to conduct spatial analysis, equipment query and measurement. Figure 6 It shows the overall effect of the three-dimensional scene including bridges, tunnels and tracks.

[0158] Implementation method 3: Railway operation and maintenance management system based on WebGIS

[0159] This implementation introduces a railway operation and maintenance management system based on WebGIS, which combines three-dimensional models and multi-source data to provide equipment management, query and maintenance functions.

[0160] 1. Data integration and processing

[0161] Multi-source data fusion: The system automatically imports GIS, BIM and RLIMI data, and converts the data format into a unified UDB format through the SuperMap platform, such as Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the server side completes data publishing and management through Tomcat and SuperMap iServer.

[0162] 2. Railway equipment query and management

[0163] Device information query: Figure 7 As shown in (a), users can click on a device in the 3D scene to view its management information, including status, maintenance history, and fault records. Each device is associated with its management information through a GUID.

[0164] 3. Spatial analysis and train operation simulation

[0165] Spatial measurement: The system supports spatial analysis functions, including measuring distance, area and slope. Figure 7 (c) and (d) show the user interface for buffer analysis and spatial measurement.

[0166] Train operation simulation: Figure 7As shown in (e), the system uses the three-dimensional line centerline to simulate the train running trajectory. Users can observe the running status of the train in real time in the virtual scene and evaluate and analyze the railway line.

[0167] Implementation method 4: Multi-source data fusion and equipment maintenance

[0168] This implementation further describes the specific application of multi-source data fusion and equipment maintenance management functions.

[0169] 1. Multi-source data fusion

[0170] BIM and GIS integration: Through projection coordinate conversion, the system integrates the BIM model with the GIS terrain data and displays them in a unified three-dimensional scene. Figure 7 The process of multi-source data fusion is demonstrated, and the system can ensure the accurate alignment of the BIM model with the actual terrain.

[0171] 2. Equipment maintenance management

[0172] Track status management: Figure 7 As shown in (f), users can view the track quality index (TQI) through the WebGIS platform and monitor the status of the railway line in real time. The system supports historical data analysis and fault prediction, helping managers to detect potential problems in advance and perform maintenance.

[0173] Through the above detailed implementation methods, it is demonstrated how to combine BIM and WebGIS technology to realize the automatic modeling, multi-source data fusion and operation and maintenance management of railway lines. These embodiments and technical steps describe each link of the system in detail, and combined with the diagrams in the document, intuitively demonstrate the technical advantages of the system.

[0174] The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A railway line 3D modeling and automation system based on BIM and WebGIS technology, characterized in that: The system comprises: Data input module: receiving GIS vector data, remote sensing images and RLIMI data; 3D line centerline calculation module: Calculate the 3D line centerline based on GIS data and RLIMI data; 3D BIM model generation module: Automatically generates railway line BIM model based on line centerline and equipment location information Coordinate conversion module: Ensures conversion between different coordinate systems. The formula is as follows: P PCRS =P LCS (m i )·R z ·R y ·R x ·T Among them, R z , R y , R x are the rotation matrices along the Z, Y and X axes respectively, and T is the translation matrix.

2. The railway line three-dimensional modeling and automatic system based on BIM and WebGIS technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of calculating the center line of the three-dimensional line are: Extract the track centerline point from the GIS vector data of the up and down track centerlines of the double-track railway, denoted as P Ltrack and P Rtrack , they are all two-dimensional points, represented by (x, y) i In addition, the control point coordinates P are extracted from the uplink and downlink control point GIS vector data. Lcon and P Rcon (x, y) k , which is also a two-dimensional point; since the control point is the starting and ending point of the bridge or tunnel, the mileage value m corresponding to the starting and ending point of the bridge or tunnel can be obtained from the RLIMI data i , so the coordinates of the control points can be expressed as Use the mileage of the control point to calculate the mileage value of the track centerline point: According to the distance formula: Calculate the distance from the control point to the track centerline point, and use the spatial insertion sort algorithm to insert each control point into the track centerline point sequence by row. L con is inserted into P Ltrack , p R con is inserted into P Rtrack , the obtained point coordinates are partly (x, y) i , part of At this time, only linear interpolation can be used to calculate the mileage value m. i Calculate the remaining points without mileage values. Finally, all points have mileage values ​​and two-dimensional projection coordinates, expressed as Extract the two-dimensional projection coordinates of the track centerline points (with mileage values) from the track centerline points in both the up and down directions. The calculation method is shown in Figure 2(b), where one up track centerline point (P Ltrack ), create a circular buffer zone O with this point as the center, and the circle intersects with the downlink track centerline vector data at point P C , calculate the line centerline point P according to the following formula C The two-dimensional projection coordinates of railway: The last step: Use the slope table to calculate the elevation z of the center line point of the line. With the z value, the coordinates of the center line point of the line are three-dimensional, recorded as 3. The railway line three-dimensional modeling and automatic system based on BIM and WebGIS technology as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The elevation calculation method of the center line point of the three-dimensional line is based on the slope table, and the specific steps include: Read the start point, end point and slope values ​​from the RLIMI slope table and calculate the elevation of the line centerline point according to the following formula: With i =from s +λ×(m i -ξ s ) Among them, z i is the elevation of the ith point, z s is the starting point elevation, and λ is the slope.

4. The railway line three-dimensional modeling and automatic system based on BIM and WebGIS technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The BIM model for calculating linear components uses a geometric scanning method based on the track centerline, including: Generate a linear component BIM model using track centerline points and component templates; The three-dimensional coordinates of the track centerline point are calculated as follows: Among them, P Ltrack and P Rtrack They are the centerline points of the left and right tracks respectively.

5. The railway line three-dimensional modeling and automatic system based on BIM and WebGIS technology as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The BIM model generation of nonlinear components is completed through the translation and rotation of the local coordinate system. The specific steps include: Calculate the rotation angle of the component in the local coordinate system: After the rotation is completed, the BIM model of the nonlinear object is generated based on the projected coordinate system.

6. The railway line three-dimensional modeling and automatic system based on BIM and WebGIS technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-source data fusion method specifically includes: Multi-source data collection and preprocessing: including GIS data import, RLIMI data association and BIM model creation; Perform unified pre-processing operations on information from different data sources, such as data format conversion and data cleaning; Data fusion rules: By matching the globally unique identifiers in the BIM model with the RLIMI data, various facilities in the model are associated with the corresponding management information; Geographic information integration: through integration with geographic reference systems; Use GIS technology to visualize the railway line and its surrounding environment in three dimensions, integrate terrain, images and other spatial data, and achieve multi-level spatial analysis and decision support. Query and display of integrated data: Based on the integrated multi-source data, it supports 3D visualization, interactive query and maintenance of railway facilities, provides status information and management data of facilities including track equipment, bridges, tunnels, etc., and improves the intelligent level of railway line management.

7. The railway line three-dimensional modeling and automatic system based on BIM and WebGIS technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The system provides a WebGIS-based 3D railway line visualization platform that integrates BIM and GIS data and provides the following: 3D visualization display: including railway lines and surrounding geographical information; Device information query: supports device positioning and status management based on three-dimensional scenes; Spatial analysis functions: such as distance measurement and buffer analysis.

8. The railway line three-dimensional modeling and automatic system based on BIM and WebGIS technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The creation of the 3D BIM model of the railway line is achieved by the following steps: Automatically obtain component position and spatial offset through RLIMI data and line mileage information; The projection coordinates of the device are calculated using the following formula: Among them, x i ,y i ,z i is the projection coordinate, and T is the translation matrix.

9. The railway line three-dimensional modeling and automatic system based on BIM and WebGIS technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The BIM model automatic generation algorithm of the system includes: Using the predefined template of the linear object, a 3D model is generated based on the trajectory of the centerline. The specific algorithm is as follows: Algorithm2: CreatingLinearBIM Input: track centerline point, template; Output: Linear BIM model; Steps: Generate 3D curves using the rail centerline points and generate the model using the Sweep modifier.

10. The railway line three-dimensional modeling and automatic system based on BIM and WebGIS technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The BIM model creation of nonlinear objects is realized through a replication algorithm based on local coordinates. The specific pseudo code is as follows: Algorithm3: CreatingNonlinearBIM Input: device information table, projection coordinate system point set, template object; Output: nonlinear BIM model, steps: read center mileage value, obtain projection coordinates, copy template object and complete rotation, add semantic information.

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