Capillary seepage material for collecting fracture water of rock slope and preparation method of capillary seepage material

Abstract

The invention provides a capillary seepage material for rock slope fissure water collection and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and water resource management. The capillary seepage material is a cylinder made of natural bamboo fibers, coconut fibers, vermiculite, gardening perlite and bamboo shoot shells. The material can be split into a three-layer structure, balls made of vermiculite and gardening perlite in a mixed mode are arranged in the three-layer structure and can effectively absorb, store and release surrounding water, natural bamboo fibers and coir fibers are woven and stacked in a staggered mode to form the middle, and bamboo shoot shells with water collecting and guiding functions are arranged on the outer portion of the three-layer structure. When the weather is dry, water is introduced into the water storage device, and the material can slowly release water under the action of osmotic pressure of water. The natural bamboo fibers and coconut fibers are adopted, natural resources of waste coconut barks and bamboo shoot shells are fully utilized, and the used raw materials are low in cost, easy to obtain and free of pollution to the environment. The method is simple in process, low in production cost, environment-friendly and low in maintenance cost, and has a good industrial prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection and water resource management, and in particular to a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Rock slope greening is an important ecological governance measure that helps prevent soil erosion, improve slope stability and improve the ecological environment. Rock slope greening can cover vegetation to reduce surface runoff, enhance soil stability, and reduce risks such as landslides. Greening can also improve biodiversity, improve microclimate, promote water infiltration, and improve water resource utilization efficiency. In terms of beautifying the environment, rock slope greening improves landscape value, enhances community identity, reduces maintenance costs, and promotes tourism and economic development. Slope greening is a key measure to achieve environmental protection and economic sustainable development, with significant ecological, social and economic benefits.

[0003] The stability of rock slopes is greatly affected by fissure water. In the prior art, there are various methods for collecting and removing fissure water, but most of them have problems such as complex construction, high cost, and unstable effect. In particular, the existing capillary seepage materials still have room for improvement in water absorption performance and water storage capacity.

[0004] Bamboo resources are mainly concentrated in tropical and subtropical areas. They are an important part of forest resources and have the characteristics of regeneration and sustainable utilization. Bamboo grows fast, has strong reproductive capacity, high yield, is easy to renew, and has wide adaptability. After a successful afforestation, bamboo forests can produce bamboo shoots every year, providing long-term benefits, so they have extensive comprehensive utilization value. The bamboo forest area in my country is 7.5627 million hectares, accounting for 3.31% of the total forest area, distributed in 20 provinces across the country, and bamboo resources are very rich. The development, protection, processing and utilization of bamboo resources are becoming increasingly important. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the shortcomings of the prior art of collecting and removing fissure water in rock slopes, such as poor seepage effect, complex raw materials, long process flow, and the need for regular replacement or maintenance.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The invention provides a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes. The capillary seepage material is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 41-81 parts of vermiculite, 37-85 parts of horticultural perlite, 11-22 parts of bamboo fiber, 10-28 parts of coconut fiber and 47-95 parts of bamboo shoot shells.

[0008] Furthermore, the particle size of the vermiculite is 0.5-2 mm, and the particle size of the horticultural perlite is 1-3 mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the bamboo fiber is spindle-shaped, the length of the bamboo fiber is ≥100 mm, and the diameter is <3 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the coconut fiber is spindle-shaped, and the length of the coconut fiber is ≥110 mm and the diameter is <4 mm.

[0011] The present invention provides a method for preparing a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in a rock slope, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step 1): interweave bamboo fiber and coconut fiber into a grid;

[0013] Step 2): washing and drying the vermiculite and horticultural perlite in sequence, and then mixing and pressing them into balls;

[0014] Step 3): Place the spheres prepared in step 2) into the grid prepared in step 1) and wrap them tightly, then wrap them with bamboo shoot shells, place them in a mold and press them to obtain a capillary seepage material.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 2), the pressing pressure is 0.5-2 MPa, and the pressing time is 20-30 s;

[0016] The diameter of the sphere is 6 to 10 mm.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 2), the washing is performed 2 to 5 times, and the washing time is 3 to 7 minutes per time;

[0018] The drying process is carried out at a temperature of 55 to 65° C. and for a time of 18 to 24 hours.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 3), the pressing pressure is 0.2-0.8 MPa, and the pressing time is 20-30 s.

[0020] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0021] 1. Multi-structure water absorption, water retention and water transfer capacity

[0022] First, the cross section of bamboo fiber is full of oval pores of various sizes. The exposed bamboo fiber can instantly absorb a large amount of water from the rock slope cracks and infiltrate into the internal structure through capillary action. Then, horticultural perlite and vermiculite have porous structures of different particle sizes. The two materials with different pore structures are wrapped together, so that the water in the material can be relatively maintained and moved freely, which can fully absorb the surrounding water and retain water for a long time, and slowly infiltrate water when the weather is dry. The external bamboo shoot shell can receive the water seeping from the upper part and guide the water into the water storage device, realizing the material's multiple functions of water absorption, water retention and water delivery.

[0023] 2. Good water seepage effect

[0024] The material has a capillary water permeability network structure composed of bamboo fibers and coconut fibers interlaced together. This structure not only enhances the physical properties of the material, but also releases and absorbs moisture, and has good water permeability.

[0025] 3. Light weight

[0026] The invention selects bamboo fiber, coconut fiber, vermiculite, horticultural perlite and bamboo shoot shell as raw materials. These materials are small in size and light in weight and can be used in rock slopes at high altitudes.

[0027] 4. Simple process

[0028] The material adopted by the invention is simply cleaned, exposed to the sun, wrapped and pressed, the process flow is simple and easy to operate, and the production cost is reduced.

[0029] 5. Natural and environmentally friendly

[0030] The invention adopts bamboo fiber, coconut fiber natural materials, discarded coconut skin and bamboo shoot shell as raw materials, which are cheap and easy to obtain, naturally pollution-free to the environment, effectively utilize natural resources, protect the ecological environment, and have certain economic benefits.

[0031] 6. Low maintenance cost

[0032] Because the material is durable and has a certain degree of self-regulation, the need for subsequent maintenance can be greatly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the capillary permeation material of Example 1;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a planar development diagram of the capillary seepage material of Example 1;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the capillary seepage material of Example 1.

[0036] The reference numerals in the attached drawings are: 1. bamboo fiber; 2. coconut fiber; 3. bamboo shoot shell; 4. horticultural perlite; 5. vermiculite; 6. branch pipe; 7. main pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The invention provides a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes. The capillary seepage material is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 41-81 parts of vermiculite, 37-85 parts of horticultural perlite, 11-22 parts of bamboo fiber, 10-28 parts of coconut fiber and 47-95 parts of bamboo shoot shells.

[0038] In the present invention, according to the mass percentage, the vermiculite is preferably 50-70 parts, more preferably 60 parts; the horticultural perlite is preferably 45-65 parts, more preferably 55 parts; the bamboo fiber is preferably 15-20 parts, more preferably 18 parts; the coconut fiber is preferably 15-25 parts, more preferably 20 parts; the bamboo shoot shell is preferably 50-90 parts, more preferably 60-80 parts, more preferably 70 parts.

[0039] In the present invention, the particle size of the vermiculite is 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably 1 to 1.5 mm; the particle size of the horticultural perlite is 1 to 3 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2 mm.

[0040] In the present invention, the vermiculite is composed of hydrated silicate minerals and plays an important role in collecting water on rock slopes. It has excellent water retention capacity and can effectively absorb and store surrounding moisture, thereby storing moisture in the cracks of rock slopes. The porous structure of vermiculite promotes air circulation, can effectively seep excess moisture, and helps prevent excessive accumulation of moisture. In addition, vermiculite has a high CEC, which enables it to retain and slowly release nutrients essential to agricultural plants. Finally, on the slope, vermiculite can slow down the flow of water, help moisture penetrate into other layers, and reduce surface runoff and erosion. Vermiculite plays a key supporting and optimizing role in the water collection system of rock slopes.

[0041] In the present invention, the horticultural perlite, as a light and porous material, can effectively promote the penetration of water and help the water to be quickly dispersed to the surroundings, thereby improving the water utilization efficiency. Secondly, the structure of the horticultural perlite can slow down the water flow rate, so that the water has more time to be absorbed during the infiltration process, thereby reducing the risk of surface runoff.

[0042] In the present invention, the bamboo fiber is spindle-shaped, the length of the bamboo fiber is ≥100 mm, preferably ≥105 mm, more preferably ≥110 mm, and the diameter is <3 mm, preferably <2 mm.

[0043] In the present invention, the coconut fiber is spindle-shaped, the length of the coconut fiber is ≥110 mm, preferably ≥115 mm, more preferably ≥120 mm, and the diameter is <4 mm, preferably <3 mm.

[0044] In the present invention, the bamboo fiber can effectively absorb and guide the fissure water through capillary action due to its good water absorption and air permeability. This property allows water to quickly penetrate into the material, thereby improving the water collection efficiency. Coconut fiber is known for its corrosion resistance and toughness, and its structure can provide additional physical performance support and enhance the stability of the entire material.

[0045] In the present invention, the bamboo shoot shells are obtained by stacking fresh bamboo shoot shells on a horizontal surface, pressing and shaping them, exposing them to the sun and cutting them. The purpose of the exposure to the sun is to reduce the moisture, protein and sugar in the bamboo shoot shells and the fine hairs on the surface, thereby improving durability.

[0046] In the present invention, the exposure time is preferably 18 to 21 days.

[0047] The present invention provides a method for preparing a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in a rock slope, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Step 1): interweave bamboo fiber and coconut fiber into a grid;

[0049] Step 2): washing and drying the vermiculite and horticultural perlite in sequence, and then mixing and pressing them into balls;

[0050] Step 3): Place the spheres prepared in step 2) into the grid prepared in step 1) and wrap them tightly, then wrap them with bamboo shoot shells, place them in a mold and press them to obtain a capillary seepage material.

[0051] In the present invention, the dense network formed by the interlaced connection of the coconut fiber and the bamboo fiber not only improves the strength of the material, but also ensures good air permeability, which helps to maintain the penetration of water.

[0052] In the present invention, the bamboo shoot shell mainly plays the role of conveying and collecting water, receiving the water seeping from the surrounding and guiding it to the internal water storage structure. This function, combined with the internal bamboo fiber and coconut fiber, improves the physical properties of the overall material, making it more efficient in collecting water from rock slope fissures.

[0053] In the present invention, in step 2), the pressing pressure is 0.5-2 MPa, preferably 1-1.5 MPa, more preferably 1.3 MPa, and the pressing time is 20-30 s, preferably 25 s;

[0054] The diameter of the sphere is 6-10 mm, preferably 8 mm.

[0055] In the present invention, the spheres are formed by mixing and pressing vermiculite and horticultural perlite of different particle sizes, and the original structures of the vermiculite and horticultural perlite are retained as much as possible.

[0056] In the present invention, in step 2), the washing is performed 2 to 5 times, preferably 3 times, and the washing time is 3 to 7 minutes per time, preferably 5 minutes per time;

[0057] The drying process is carried out at a temperature of 55 to 65° C., preferably 58 to 62° C., more preferably 60° C., and for a time of 18 to 24 hours, preferably 20 to 23 hours, more preferably 22 hours.

[0058] In the present invention, the bamboo shoot shells are trimmed so that the bamboo fibers and coconut fibers in the capillary seepage material are partially exposed, thereby increasing the contact area between the bamboo shoot shells and rainwater, and can better collect water when placed at an angle.

[0059] In the present invention, in step 3), the pressing pressure is 0.2-0.8 MPa, preferably 0.5 MPa, and the pressing time is 20-30 s, preferably 25 s.

[0060] In the present invention, if Figure 3 As shown, the material is composed of a mixed sphere of bamboo fiber 1 and coconut fiber 2 interlaced and wrapped with vermiculite 5 and horticultural perlite 4, and the outside is wrapped with bamboo shoot shell 3 with water receiving and water conducting function. The excellent hygroscopicity of natural bamboo fiber 1 can easily absorb the water in the cracks of rock slopes, and then add coconut fiber 2, and the strip-shaped fibers are closely combined by interlaced weaving to form a layer of mesh structure, which can effectively enhance the physical strength of the material and ensure high permeability. The internal vermiculite 5 and horticultural perlite 4 are mixed to form a good moisture storage and permeation layer to absorb and store the surrounding moisture. The external bamboo shoot shell 3 is then used to collect moisture. The capillary seepage material of the present invention can be inserted into the branch pipe 6 of the main pipe 7 to collect moisture.

[0061] In the present invention, the capillary seepage material is directly inserted into the inclined pipeline for use, and the diameter can be adjusted according to different pipelines.

[0062] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] Separate bamboo fiber and coconut fiber into filaments and straighten them, select bamboo fiber with a length of ≥100 mm and a diameter of <1 mm and coconut fiber with a length of ≥110 mm and a diameter of <1 mm, take 15 parts of each, interlace and weave and stack them into a rectangular grid with a bottom length of 65 mm, a height of 130 mm, and a thickness of 6 mm;

[0065] Take 50 parts of vermiculite with a particle size of 0.5 mm and horticultural perlite with a particle size of 1 mm, mix them and put them into an ultrasonic cleaner with a frequency of 40 Hz for cleaning, replace the clean water every 4 minutes, and wash them 3 times in total, then spread the vermiculite and horticultural perlite flat, use an electric blower to dry them at 55°C for 24 hours, then mix the treated vermiculite and horticultural perlite and put them into a spherical mold with a diameter of 8 mm, and press them at a pressure of 1 MPa for 30 seconds to form them;

[0066] Fold the bamboo shoot shell in half and cut it into a rectangle with a base length of 35mm and a height of 90mm. Then cut off an isosceles triangle with a side length of 35mm on the top.

[0067] The sphere is placed flat on the grid from bottom to top and wrapped tightly, then wrapped with bamboo shoot shells, placed in a cylindrical mold and pressed at a pressure of 0.5 MPa for 30 seconds to obtain a cylinder with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 90 mm, that is, the capillary seepage material.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] Separate bamboo fiber and coconut fiber into filaments and straighten them, select 20 parts of bamboo fiber with a length of ≥105 mm and a diameter of <1 mm and 10 parts of coconut fiber with a length of ≥115 mm and a diameter of <1 mm, interweave and stack them into a rectangular grid with a bottom length of 65 mm, a height of 130 mm and a thickness of 6 mm;

[0070] Take 42 parts of vermiculite with a particle size of 0.5 mm and 84 parts of horticultural perlite with a particle size of 1 mm, mix them and put them into an ultrasonic cleaner with a frequency of 40 Hz for cleaning, replace the clean water every 5 minutes, and wash them twice in total, then spread the vermiculite and horticultural perlite flat, use an electric blower to dry them at 65° C. for 18 hours, then mix the treated vermiculite and horticultural perlite and put them into a spherical mold with a diameter of 8 mm, and press them at a pressure of 1.5 MPa for 20 seconds to form them;

[0071] Fold the bamboo shoot shell in half and cut it into a rectangle with a base length of 35mm and a height of 90mm. Then cut off an isosceles triangle with a side length of 35mm on the top.

[0072] The sphere is placed flat on the grid from bottom to top and wrapped tightly, then wrapped with bamboo shoot shells, placed in a cylindrical mold and pressed at a pressure of 0.8 MPa for 20 seconds to obtain a cylinder with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 90 mm, that is, the capillary seepage material.

[0073] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the present invention provides a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes and a preparation method thereof. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the capillary permeation material of Example 1, Figure 2 is a planar development diagram of the capillary seepage material of Example 1, Figure 3 The capillary seepage material installation schematic diagram of embodiment 1. As can be seen from the figure, the material can be divided into a three-layer structure, the inside is a sphere made of vermiculite and horticultural perlite mixed and pressed, the middle is a net made of bamboo fiber and coconut fiber interlaced and woven, and the outside is a bamboo shoot shell with water collection and water conduction function. The strip-shaped bamboo fiber and coconut fiber are interlaced and woven and superimposed to form a layer of mesh structure, which can effectively enhance the physical strength of the material and ensure high permeability. Utilizing the excellent hygroscopicity of natural bamboo fiber, the bamboo fiber and coconut fiber exposed on the upper part can easily absorb the water in the cracks of the rock slope and seep into the interior through the capillary structure of the fiber. Vermiculite and horticultural perlite are combined to form a good water storage and permeation layer to absorb and store the surrounding water. Because horticultural perlite and vermiculite have porous structures with different particle sizes, the two materials with different pore structures are wrapped together, so that the water in the material is relatively maintained and can move freely. The function of fully absorbing the crack water of the rock slope and retaining water for a long time can be achieved. The outer bamboo shoot shell can receive the water that seeps out and conduct it to the water storage device. When the weather is dry, water is passed through the water storage device, and the material can slowly release water under the osmotic pressure of water. The present invention has simple process, low production cost, environmental friendliness, low maintenance cost, and good industrial prospects. It overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art that the water seepage effect of the material is poor, the raw materials are complex, the process flow is long, and regular replacement or maintenance is required.

[0074] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 41-81 parts of vermiculite, 37-85 parts of horticultural perlite, 11-22 parts of bamboo fiber, 10-28 parts of coconut fiber and 47-95 parts of bamboo shoot shell.

2. The capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the vermiculite is 0.5-2 mm, and the particle size of the horticultural perlite is 1-3 mm.

3. A capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The bamboo fiber is spindle-shaped, with a length of ≥100 mm and a diameter of <3 mm.

4. The capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The coconut fiber is spindle-shaped, has a length of ≥110 mm, and a diameter of <4 mm.

5. The method for preparing the capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1): interweave bamboo fiber and coconut fiber into a grid; Step 2): washing and drying the vermiculite and horticultural perlite in sequence, and then mixing and pressing them into balls; Step 3): Place the spheres prepared in step 2) into the grid prepared in step 1) and wrap them tightly, then wrap them with bamboo shoot shells, place them in a mold and press them to obtain a capillary seepage material.

6. The method for preparing a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 2), the pressing pressure is 0.5-2 MPa, and the pressing time is 20-30 s; The diameter of the sphere is 6 to 10 mm.

7. The method for preparing a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 2), the washing is performed 2 to 5 times, and the washing time is 3 to 7 minutes per time; The drying process is carried out at a temperature of 55 to 65° C. and for a time of 18 to 24 hours.

8. The method for preparing a capillary seepage material for collecting fissure water in rock slopes according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: In step 3), the pressing pressure is 0.2-0.8 MPa, and the pressing time is 20-30 s.

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