Fault dislocation test device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a fault dislocation test device and method.The fault dislocation test device comprises a vibration table, a model box is arranged on the vibration table, an inclined sliding rail is arranged on the inner wall of the model box, and a first soil body containing space and a second soil body containing space which are communicated with each other are formed in the model box; the first soil body containing space is provided with a dislocation disc in sliding fit with the inclined sliding rail, the bottom of the dislocation disc is provided with an inflation expansion mechanism, and the inflation expansion mechanism is used for pushing the dislocation disc to slide along the inclined sliding rail, so that the soil body on the dislocation disc ascends and descends relative to the soil body in the second soil body containing space, and the fault dislocation effect is achieved. According to the invention, the dislocation of a normal fault and a reverse fault at a certain distance during vibration can be well simulated, and the problem that the dislocation of a fault in a cross-fault slope during vibration cannot be simulated in a conventional slope seismic oscillation response vibration table test is solved. The structure is simple, and a new solution is provided for fault vibration research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and in particular relates to a fault dislocation test device and method. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, strong earthquakes have occurred frequently, especially on the eastern and southern edges of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There have been many strong earthquakes in succession, such as Wenchuan in 2008, Yushu in 2010, Lushan in 2013, Ludian in 2014, Nepal in 2015, and Jiuzhaigou in 2017, causing heavy casualties and property losses. Strong earthquakes can not only induce a large number of co-seismic geological disasters, but also often lead to loosening and cracking of the mountain, thus producing a delayed landslide and debris flow disaster chain effect. During an earthquake, the response of the slope to ground motion determines the formation of co-seismic landslides. Studies have shown that the terrain has a significant amplification effect on ground motion, such as the elevation effect, the surface effect, and the input wave type have a significant impact on the acceleration response of the slope model. At the same time, the ground motion response of the slope is also related to the seismogenic fault, slope structure, and rock mass structure. Different types of seismogenic faults and combinations of slope structures, such as forward slopes, transverse slopes, and reverse slopes, have obvious differences in the refraction and projection of seismic waves, thus showing different response characteristics. When seismic waves pass through different rock types and rock strata, they will also show different acceleration response laws due to changes in the damping coefficient.

[0003] In the test of simulating faults, the displacement of faults cannot be combined with the input of seismic waves. There are two types of traditional fault tests. One is to apply internal stress to the soil through horizontal mechanical pressure to make it displace along the fault, so as to simulate the start-up mechanism of the seismic fault. The other is to put the slope model into the model box and simulate the input of seismic waves through the shaking table test to study the acceleration response law. These two test methods conduct fault displacement and vibration independently, and there is no effective measure to combine the two. There are certain limitations for the vibration research of faults. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fault dislocation test device and method for solving the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, on the one hand, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a fault dislocation test device, including a vibration table, a model box is provided on the vibration table, an inner wall of the model box is provided with an inclined slide rail, a first soil accommodating space and a second soil accommodating space which are interconnected are provided inside the model box, the first soil accommodating space is provided with a dislocation disk which slides with the inclined slide rail, an inflation mechanism is provided at the bottom of the dislocation disk, the inflation mechanism is used to push the dislocation disk to slide along the inclined slide rail, so that the soil on the dislocation disk can be lifted and lowered relative to the soil in the second soil accommodating space to achieve the fault dislocation effect; sliders are provided on both side outer walls of the dislocation disk, and inclined slide rails are provided on both side inner walls of the model box which are adapted to the sliders.

[0006] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the inflation mechanism includes a lifting air cushion, which is arranged at the bottom of the shift plate and is connected to an air supply device.

[0007] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the gas supply device includes a high-pressure gas cylinder, the high-pressure gas cylinder is provided with a gas cylinder valve, a high-pressure hose is connected between the high-pressure gas cylinder and the lifting air cushion, and the high-pressure hose is provided with a pressure reducer and a control valve.

[0008] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the high-pressure hose is connected to the lifting air cushion via a quick connector.

[0009] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the lifting air cushion includes a plurality of air cushion units, and each air cushion unit is connected to an air supply device.

[0010] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the air cushion units are arranged side by side or overlapping.

[0011] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, a retaining plate is provided between the first soil accommodating space and the second soil accommodating space, and a guiding inclined surface slidingly matched with the displaced disk is provided on the retaining plate, and the guiding inclined surface is parallel to the inclined slide rail.

[0012] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the shift plate includes a bottom plate, a left side plate, a right side plate and a rear side plate, the left side plate and the right side plate are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the bottom plate, the rear side plate is arranged on the rear side of the bottom plate, the earth retaining plate is located on the front side of the bottom plate, and the guide slope of the earth retaining plate is slidably matched with the bottom plate.

[0013] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, the model box includes a rectangular frame, which is fixed on a vibration table. A transparent baffle and a slide rail baffle are provided in the side cavity of the rectangular frame, and the oblique slide rail is installed on the slide rail baffle.

[0014] As an optional implementation of the above technical solution, a reinforcing triangular brace is provided between the rectangular frame and the vibration table; and a hanging ring is provided on the top of the rectangular frame.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a fault dislocation test method, using the above-mentioned fault dislocation test device, comprising the following steps:

[0016] S1. Select the slope prototype and determine its physical model size and similar material ratio according to the similarity ratio;

[0017] S2, mixing similar materials in similar ratios, and compacting the materials in layers by controlling the density to obtain a soil model;

[0018] S3, burying detection sensors in the soil model, connecting the detection sensors to the data acquisition system, drilling holes and burying the detection sensors after the soil model is piled up and backfilling the holes, or burying the detection sensors while piling up the soil model;

[0019] S4, prepare for the test, debug and detect sensor signals;

[0020] S5. Input seismic waves to the model box step by step through the vibration table according to the seismic motion scheme, and collect the signals of the detection sensors. At a certain stage of the seismic motion input, start the inflation mechanism to inflate it. The inflation mechanism pushes the dislocation plate to slide along the inclined slide rail, so that the soil on the dislocation plate moves up and down relative to the soil in the second soil accommodating space to achieve the fault dislocation effect. When the dislocation plate moves to the required position of the test, the inflation mechanism is closed, and the vibration table continues to input seismic waves to the model box step by step.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] In view of the problem that the existing indoor model test cannot simulate how the fault moves during vibration, the present invention proposes a test device and method that can simulate the displacement of a cross-fault slope fault. The test device and method can perform both conventional slope earthquake response vibration table tests and simulate fault displacement vibration table tests. The test device and method can better simulate the displacement of a normal fault and a reverse fault during vibration over a certain distance, thus solving the problem that the conventional slope earthquake response vibration table tests cannot simulate the displacement of a cross-fault slope fault during vibration. The present invention has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and is easy to implement, and provides a new solution for the vibration research of faults. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a fault dislocation test device in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2is a schematic structural diagram of an oblique slide rail and a slider in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an inflation mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a staggered disk in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a model box in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1-vibration table; 2-model box; 3-inclined slide rail; 4-shift plate; 5-lifting air cushion; 6-air supply device; 7-high-pressure gas cylinder; 8-gas cylinder valve; 9-high-pressure hose; 10-pressure reducer; 11-control valve; 12-quick connector; 13-slider; 14-soil retaining plate; 15-bottom plate; 16-left side plate; 17-right side plate; 18-rear side plate; 19-rectangular frame; 20-transparent baffle; 21-slide rail baffle; 22-reinforced triangular support; 23-lifting ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a fault displacement test device, including a vibration table 1, on which a model box 2 is provided. The vibration table 1 has a vibration function, and can input seismic waves to the model box 2 step by step according to the seismic scheme, so that the model box 2 generates seismic vibrations. The inner wall of the model box 2 is provided with an inclined slide rail 3, and the interior of the model box 2 is provided with a first soil body accommodating space and a second soil body accommodating space that are interconnected. The first soil body accommodating space is provided with a displacement plate 4 that slides with the inclined slide rail 3. Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, both outer walls of the shifting plate 4 are provided with sliders 13 , and both inner walls of the model box 2 are provided with inclined slide rails 3 matched with the sliders 13 .

[0030] According to the slope prototype, the physical model size and similar material ratio are determined according to the similarity ratio, the similar materials are mixed evenly according to the similarity ratio, and the soil material is compacted layer by layer in the model box 2 by controlling the density to obtain the soil model. A part of the soil model is located on the dislocation plate 4 of the first soil accommodating space, and the other part of the soil is located in the second soil accommodating space, and the two parts are combined to form the soil model. The dislocation plate 4 can slide along the inclined slide rail 3, so that the soil on the dislocation plate 4 can slide relative to the soil in the second soil accommodating space to form a fault effect.

[0031] The bottom of the displacement plate 4 is provided with an inflation mechanism, which is used to push the displacement plate 4 to slide along the inclined slide rail 3, so that the soil on the displacement plate 4 can be lifted and lowered relative to the soil in the second soil accommodating space to achieve the fault displacement effect. The inflation mechanism has an inflation function, which can drive the displacement plate 4 to lift and lower, and combine with the vibration function of the vibration table 1 to perform a fault displacement test.

[0032] During the specific test process, the vibration table 1 inputs seismic waves to the model box 2 step by step according to the seismic motion scheme, and starts the inflation mechanism to inflate it at a certain stage of the seismic motion input. The inflation mechanism pushes the dislocation plate 4 to slide upward along the inclined slide rail 3, so that the soil on the dislocation plate 4 rises parallel to the soil in the second soil accommodating space to achieve the fault dislocation effect; when the dislocation plate 4 rises to the required position of the test, the inflation mechanism is closed, and the vibration table 1 continues to input seismic waves to the model box 2 step by step.

[0033] The present invention aims at the problem that the existing indoor model test cannot simulate how the fault displaces during vibration, and proposes a test device that can simulate the dislocation of the cross-fault slope fault. The test device can perform both the conventional slope earthquake response vibration table 1 test and the fault dislocation vibration table 1 test, and can better simulate the displacement of the normal fault and the reverse fault during vibration by a certain distance, thus solving the problem that the conventional slope earthquake response vibration table 1 test cannot simulate the displacement of the fault in the cross-fault slope during vibration. The present invention has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and is easy to implement, and provides a new solution for the vibration research of faults.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the inflation mechanism includes a lifting air cushion 5, and the lifting air cushion 5 is arranged at the bottom of the offset disk 4, and the lifting air cushion 5 is connected to an air supply device 6. The lifting air cushion 5 is laid at the bottom of the model box 2, and the offset disk 4 is located on the top of the lifting air cushion 5. The air supply device 6 supplies air to the lifting air cushion 5. When the lifting air cushion 5 is inflated, the lifting air cushion 5 expands rapidly, thereby pushing the offset disk 4 to slide obliquely upward. Among them, the air supply device 6 includes a high-pressure gas cylinder 7, and the high-pressure gas cylinder 7 is provided with a gas cylinder valve 8. A high-pressure hose 9 is connected between the high-pressure gas cylinder 7 and the lifting air cushion 5, and a pressure reducer 10 and a control valve 11 are provided on the high-pressure hose 9. In order to improve the convenience of operation, the high-pressure hose 9 is connected to the lifting air cushion 5 through a quick connector 12. The lifting air cushion 5 is located below the shifting plate 4. The gas cylinder valve 8 of the high-pressure gas cylinder 7 is opened, and the control valve 11 is rotated to allow gas to be filled into the lifting air cushion 5. The lifting air cushion 5 expands and pushes the shifting plate 4 upward to slide along the inclined slide rail 3 to achieve a fault shifting effect.

[0035] The working principle of the lifting air cushion 5 is to lift by volume expansion after inflation, and the heavy object will be slowly lifted by inflating it through the pressure reducing valve and the high pressure hose 9. According to the specific situation, multiple lifting air cushions 5 can be overlapped and used to meet the lifting height requirement.

[0036] According to the weight of the test model and the distance of fault displacement, the model of lifting air cushion 5 can be selected according to the specifications, as shown in the following table.

[0037]

[0038] The present invention utilizes the lifting air cushion 5 to promote the lifting and lowering of the shifting plate 4, and has the following characteristics:

[0039] ①Fast lifting speed: lifting only takes 20 seconds;

[0040] ②Easy to use: can be used in any tilted position;

[0041] ③Safe and reliable: All lifting air cushions 5 have undergone overpressure tests;

[0042] ④ There is no noise or collision during lifting, and the lifting height can be accurately adjusted regardless of stages.

[0043] In one embodiment, the lifting air cushion 5 includes multiple air cushion units, each of which is connected to the air supply device 6. The air cushion units are arranged side by side or overlapping, which can achieve accurate control of the lifting height of the dislocation plate 4, which is conducive to accurately controlling the width of the fault dislocation zone.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, a retaining plate 14 is provided between the first soil accommodating space and the second soil accommodating space, and a guiding inclined surface that slides with the dislocation plate 4 is provided on the retaining plate 14, and the guiding inclined surface is parallel to the inclined slide rail 3. When the dislocation plate 4 is raised or lowered, one end of the dislocation plate 4 slides with the guiding inclined surface, and the retaining plate 14 can prevent the soil overlying the dislocation plate 4 from collapsing during the sliding process, thereby improving the test accuracy.

[0045] like Figure 4As shown, specifically, the shift plate 4 includes a bottom plate 15, a left side plate 16, a right side plate 17 and a rear side plate 18, the left side plate 16 and the right side plate 17 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the bottom plate 15, the rear side plate 18 is arranged on the rear side of the bottom plate 15, the retaining plate 14 is located at the front side of the bottom plate 15, and the guide slope of the retaining plate 14 is slidably matched with the bottom plate 15. The left side plate 16 and the right side plate 17 are both L-shaped, the left side plate 16, the right side plate 17 and the rear side plate 18 are all fixedly connected to the bottom plate 15, and the outer walls of the left side plate 16 and the right side plate 17 are both provided with a slider 13 to realize the lifting function of the shift plate 4, and the left side plate 16, the right side plate 17, the rear side plate 18 and the retaining plate 14 have a blocking function for the soil on the bottom plate 15, which can effectively prevent the soil on the bottom plate 15 from collapsing during the sliding process of the shift plate 4.

[0046] like Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the model box 2 includes a rectangular frame 19, and the rectangular frame 19 is fixed on the vibration table 1. A reinforcing triangular support 22 is provided between the rectangular frame 19 and the vibration table 1 to improve the connection stability between the rectangular frame 19 and the vibration table 1. A lifting ring 23 is provided on the top of the rectangular frame 19 to facilitate the lifting and movement of the entire test device. A transparent baffle 20 and a slide rail baffle 21 are provided in the side cavity of the rectangular frame 19, and the oblique slide rail 3 is installed on the slide rail baffle 21. The transparent baffle 20 is made of an acrylic plate, which is a transparent material, which is convenient for observing the fault dislocation of the soil in the model box 2.

[0047] It should be noted that the size of the model box 2, the inclination angle of the inclined slide rail 3, the length of the inclined slide rail 3 (fault displacement height), the lifting air cushion 5 with different lifting masses, etc. in the present invention can be adjusted according to experimental requirements, and the present invention is not limited to this.

[0048] This embodiment also provides a fault displacement test method, which uses the above-mentioned fault displacement test device and includes the following steps:

[0049] S1. Select the slope prototype and determine its physical model size and similar material ratio according to the similarity ratio;

[0050] S2, mixing similar materials in similar ratios, and compacting the materials in layers by controlling the density to obtain a soil model;

[0051] S3, burying detection sensors in the soil model, connecting the detection sensors to the data acquisition system, drilling holes and burying the detection sensors after the soil model is piled up and backfilling the holes, or burying the detection sensors while piling up the soil model;

[0052] S4, prepare for the test, debug and detect sensor signals;

[0053] S5. Input seismic waves to the model box 2 step by step through the vibration table 1 according to the seismic scheme, and collect the signal of the detection sensor. At a certain stage of the seismic input, open the control valve 11 to inflate the lifting air cushion 5. The lifting air cushion 5 quickly pushes the displacement plate 4 to slide along the inclined slide rail 3, so that the soil on the displacement plate 4 moves obliquely upward relative to the soil in the second soil accommodating space to achieve the fault displacement effect. When the displacement plate 4 rises to the required position of the test, close the control valve 11, the displacement plate 4 stops rising, and the vibration table 1 continues to apply seismic vibration to the model box 2 step by step. By controlling the rising height of the displacement plate 4, the function of controlling the width of the fault displacement zone can be achieved.

[0054] The present invention adds a set of fault displacement equipment on the basis of the conventional vibration table 1 test model box 2, establishes a fault displacement test with clear principle and convenient operation, fills the blank of fault displacement simulation test in the vibration table 1 test, and the device can better simulate the displacement of a normal fault and a reverse fault over a certain distance during vibration, providing more reasonable technical support and theoretical support for the influence of earthquake motion on slopes.

[0055] In the description of the present invention, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, may be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood. In addition, the specific features, structures, etc. described in the embodiments are included in at least one embodiment. Under the condition that there is no contradiction, those skilled in the art may combine the features of different embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments. According to the basic technical concept of the present invention, the embodiments that can be associated with by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fault displacement test device, comprising a vibration table (1), on which a model box (2) is provided, characterized in that: The inner wall of the model box (2) is provided with an inclined slide rail (3), and the interior of the model box (2) is provided with a first soil accommodating space and a second soil accommodating space that are interconnected. The first soil accommodating space is provided with a displaceable plate (4) that slidably cooperates with the inclined slide rail (3), and the bottom of the displaceable plate (4) is provided with an inflation mechanism, which is used to push the displaceable plate (4) to slide along the inclined slide rail (3), so that the soil on the displaceable plate (4) moves up and down relative to the soil in the second soil accommodating space to achieve a fault dislocation effect; the outer walls on both sides of the displaceable plate (4) are provided with sliders (13), and the inner walls on both sides of the model box (2) are provided with inclined slide rails (3) that are compatible with the sliders (13).

2. The fault displacement test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inflation mechanism comprises a lifting air cushion (5), the lifting air cushion (5) is arranged at the bottom of the shifting plate (4), and the lifting air cushion (5) is connected to an air supply device (6).

3. The fault displacement test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gas supply device (6) comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder (7), the high-pressure gas cylinder (7) is provided with a gas cylinder valve (8), a high-pressure hose (9) is connected between the high-pressure gas cylinder (7) and the lifting air cushion (5), and a pressure reducer (10) and a control valve (11) are provided on the high-pressure hose (9); the high-pressure hose (9) and the lifting air cushion (5) are connected via a quick connector (12).

4. The fault displacement test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lifting air cushion (5) comprises a plurality of air cushion units, each of which is connected to an air supply device (6).

5. The fault displacement test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air cushion units are arranged side by side or overlapped.

6. The fault displacement test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A retaining plate (14) is provided between the first soil body accommodating space and the second soil body accommodating space, and a guiding inclined surface that is slidably matched with the shifting plate (4) is provided on the retaining plate (14), and the guiding inclined surface and the inclined slide rail (3) are parallel to each other.

7. The fault displacement test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shift plate (4) comprises a bottom plate (15), a left side plate (16), a right side plate (17) and a rear side plate (18); the left side plate (16) and the right side plate (17) are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the bottom plate (15); the rear side plate (18) is arranged on the rear side of the bottom plate (15); the earth retaining plate (14) is located on the front side of the bottom plate (15); and the guide inclined surface of the earth retaining plate (14) is slidably matched with the bottom plate (15).

8. The fault displacement test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model box (2) comprises a rectangular frame (19), the rectangular frame (19) is fixed on the vibration table (1), a transparent baffle (20) and a slide rail baffle (21) are provided in the side cavity of the rectangular frame (19), and the inclined slide rail (3) is installed on the slide rail baffle (21).

9. The fault displacement test device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A reinforcing triangular support (22) is provided between the rectangular frame (19) and the vibration table (1); and a hanging ring (23) is provided on the top of the rectangular frame (19).

10. A fault dislocation test method, characterized in that: The fault dislocation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: S1. Select the slope prototype and determine its physical model size and similar material ratio according to the similarity ratio; S2, mixing similar materials in similar ratios, and compacting the materials in layers by controlling the density to obtain a soil model; S3, burying detection sensors in the soil model, connecting the detection sensors to the data acquisition system, drilling holes and burying the detection sensors after the soil model is piled up and backfilling the holes, or burying the detection sensors while piling up the soil model; S4, prepare for the test, debug and detect sensor signals; S5. Seismic waves are input step by step into the model box (2) through the vibration table (1) according to the seismic motion scheme, and the signal of the detection sensor is collected. At a certain stage of the seismic motion input, the inflation mechanism is started to inflate the model box (2). The inflation mechanism pushes the displacement plate (4) to slide along the inclined slide rail (3), so that the soil on the displacement plate (4) moves up and down relative to the soil in the second soil accommodating space to achieve the fault displacement effect. When the displacement plate (4) moves to the required test position, the inflation mechanism is closed, and the vibration table (1) continues to input seismic waves step by step into the model box (2).

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