A tea garden annual management method for effectively preventing and controlling tea cake disease

Abstract

The present application relates to tea tree planting technical field, especially effective control tea cake disease occurrence's tea garden annual management method, the present application provides a kind of effective control tea cake disease occurrence's tea garden annual management method, respectively in March, May, July spray compound probiotic agent;In November, base fertilizer is applied.The tea garden annual management method provided by the present application has obvious growth promotion effect on tea tree, compared with other control groups, the color of tender leaf is more tender green, bud is more neat, and the length of tender leaf and the number of bud are obviously improved.The method also has obvious prevention and treatment effect on tea cake disease, and the prevention and treatment effect is obviously better than that of the existing technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tea tree cultivation technology, and in particular to a year-round management method for tea gardens that effectively prevents the occurrence of tea cake disease. Background Technology

[0002] Tea cake disease is a disease of tea trees caused by fungi of the Basidiomycota phylum. It mainly affects young leaves and stems. Initially, infected leaves develop pale yellow, water-soaked lesions that are circular and sunken, with corresponding dome-shaped lesions on the underside. The surface is covered with white powdery mildew, later turning dark brown, causing the leaves to become deformed and twisted. Buds and shoots are also affected, swelling and developing into tumor-like growths, producing a grayish-white powdery substance.

[0003] Tea cake disease occurs in tea gardens in various regions. The incidence rate in general tea gardens is 20-30%, while in severely affected tea gardens it can reach 60-80%. The entire tender tissue of the tea garden is covered with white cystic lesions, which seriously affects the yield. Tea made from diseased leaves is bitter and cloudy, with mixed leaf patterns and many fragments. The total amount of tea polyphenols and amino acids in the water extract is also reduced.

[0004] The pathogen overwinters as mycelium in diseased leaves. The following spring or autumn, the mycelium germinates and forms new lesions. Under humid conditions, with an average temperature of 5–20°C and relative humidity exceeding 80%, a white powdery substance forms on the surface of the lesions—the hymenium composed of basidiospores—becoming the primary source of infection. After maturing, the basidiospores are spread by wind and rain, invading new shoots and tender leaves, causing new lesions. Therefore, if tea cake disease is not controlled promptly, it will occur annually, becoming a common disease in tea gardens and significantly impacting tea yield and quality.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide an effective year-round management method for tea gardens to prevent and control tea cake disease, in order to solve the technical problem of frequent occurrence and poor control effect of tea cake disease, is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an effective year-round management method for tea gardens to prevent and control tea cake disease.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention provides an effective year-round management method for tea gardens to prevent and control tea cake disease, which involves spraying a compound probiotic agent in March, May, and July, and applying base fertilizer in November.

[0009] The compound probiotic agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.4-0.6 parts of Bacillus cereus, 0.4-0.6 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.5-0.7 parts of Bacillus belyssus, 0.3-0.7 parts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.4-0.8 parts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10-16 parts of 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, 20-30 parts of potassium humate, 6-10 parts of polyglutamic acid, 2-4 parts of dispersant, and 1-2 parts of emulsifier.

[0010] Preferably, the dispersant is sodium lignosulfonate; and the emulsifier is Tween 80.

[0011] Preferably, the spraying is performed 2 to 3 times, with an interval of 7 to 10 days between each application.

[0012] Preferably, the bacterial concentrations of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus belyceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are all 500 million to 700 million / g.

[0013] Preferably, the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts earthworm castings, 90-110 parts cow manure, 5-7 parts compound fertilizer, 20-30 parts mushroom residue, and 6-10 parts soybean cake.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation method of the base fertilizer is as follows: the compound enzyme, earthworm castings and water are mixed and enzymatically hydrolyzed to obtain material 1; material 1, cow manure, compound fertilizer, mushroom residue and soybean cake are mixed and composted to obtain base fertilizer.

[0015] Preferably, the complex enzyme comprises papain, ligninase, cellulase, amylase, and peptidase in a mass ratio of 3–7:6–10:4–8:5–9:3–7; the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 2–4 hours; and the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 30–40°C.

[0016] Preferably, the ratio of N, P, and K in the compound fertilizer is 10:1.5-2.5:3-5.

[0017] Preferably, the composting time is 7 to 9 days.

[0018] Preferably, the application rate of the base fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg / mu.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The compound probiotic agent used in this invention has a dual function of promoting growth and preventing tea bud disease. The *Bacillus subtilis*, *Bacillus cereus*, *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens*, and *Bacillus belycera* in the compound probiotic agent exhibit antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria and are characterized by rapid reproduction and high sporulation, thus demonstrating excellent control over tea bud disease. *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* and *Pseudomonas pseudoalteromonas* are chitinase-producing bacteria; chitin is an antimicrobial protein that inhibits fungal spore germination and hyphal growth. The addition of these two components provides good control over exobasidiomycetes.

[0021] Sodium lignosulfonate has a certain viscosity and adsorption properties, as well as strong dispersibility. Polyglutamic acid has the functions of water absorption, moisturizing and plant growth regulation. When these two components are used together as components of a compound probiotic agent, the agent can adhere better to the tea leaves and form a protective film, thereby prolonging the effect and duration of the agent.

[0022] The 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid added to the compound probiotic agent is a plant immune inducer that can enhance plant disease resistance, activate the plant's systemic acquired resistance response, and provide broad-spectrum disease resistance. Potassium humate is a foliar fertilizer component that can enhance crop photosynthesis, increase crop yield and quality, promote the absorption of nutrients by crops, and improve crop stress resistance.

[0023] The base fertilizer prepared in this invention contains many unused biological macromolecules and other nutrients in the original earthworm castings, such as undigested substrates and crude protein. This invention mixes earthworm castings with a compound enzyme preparation and decomposes macromolecular nutrients through enzymatic hydrolysis, making them usable as raw material components of fertilizer. This has an excellent promoting effect on the growth of tea trees, helps to enhance tree vigor, and improves the stress resistance of tea trees.

[0024] The year-round tea garden management method provided by this invention has a significant growth-promoting effect on tea trees. Compared with other control groups, the young leaves are greener, the buds are more uniform, and the length and number of young leaves are significantly improved. This method has a significant control effect on tea cake disease and is significantly superior to existing pesticides. Detailed Implementation

[0025] This invention provides an effective year-round management method for tea gardens to prevent and control tea cake disease, which involves spraying a compound probiotic agent in March, May, and July, and applying base fertilizer in November.

[0026] The compound probiotic agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.4-0.6 parts of Bacillus cereus, 0.4-0.6 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.5-0.7 parts of Bacillus belyssus, 0.3-0.7 parts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.4-0.8 parts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10-16 parts of 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, 20-30 parts of potassium humate, 6-10 parts of polyglutamic acid, 2-4 parts of dispersant, and 1-2 parts of emulsifier; preferably, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.5 parts of Bacillus cereus, 0.5 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.6 parts of Bacillus belyssus, 0.4-0.6 parts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.5-0.7 parts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11-15 parts of 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, and humic acid. The composition comprises 22-28 parts potassium, 7-9 parts polyglutamic acid, 3 parts dispersant, and 2 parts emulsifier; more preferably, it comprises 2 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.5 parts Bacillus cereus, 0.5 parts Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.6 parts Bacillus belyssus, 0.5 parts Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.6 parts Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 12-14 parts 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, 24-26 parts potassium humate, 8 parts polyglutamic acid, 3 parts dispersant, and 2 parts emulsifier; more preferably, it comprises 2 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.5 parts Bacillus cereus, 0.5 parts Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.6 parts Bacillus belyssus, 0.5 parts Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.6 parts Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 13 parts 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, 25 parts potassium humate, 8 parts polyglutamic acid, 3 parts dispersant, and 2 parts emulsifier.

[0027] In this invention, the dispersant is sodium lignosulfonate; the emulsifier is Tween 80.

[0028] In this invention, the spraying is performed 2 to 3 times, with an interval of 7 to 10 days between each application; preferably, the spraying is performed 3 times, with an interval of 7 days between each application.

[0029] In this invention, the bacterial concentrations of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus belyceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are all 500 million to 700 million / g; preferably 600 million / g.

[0030] In this invention, the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts earthworm castings, 90-110 parts cow dung, 5-7 parts compound fertilizer, 20-30 parts mushroom residue, and 6-10 parts soybean cake; preferably 22-28 parts earthworm castings, 94-106 parts cow dung, 6 parts compound fertilizer, 22-28 parts mushroom residue, and 7-9 parts soybean cake; more preferably 24-26 parts earthworm castings, 98-102 parts cow dung, 6 parts compound fertilizer, 24-26 parts mushroom residue, and 8 parts soybean cake; even more preferably 25 parts earthworm castings, 100 parts cow dung, 6 parts compound fertilizer, 25 parts mushroom residue, and 8 parts soybean cake.

[0031] In this invention, the preparation method of the base fertilizer is as follows: the compound enzyme, earthworm castings and water are mixed and enzymatically hydrolyzed to obtain material 1; material 1, cow manure, compound fertilizer, mushroom residue and soybean cake are mixed and composted to obtain base fertilizer.

[0032] In this invention, the complex enzyme comprises papain, ligninase, cellulase, amylase and peptidase, in a mass ratio of 3-7:6-10:4-8:5-9:3-7; preferably 4-6:7-9:5-7:6-8:4-6; more preferably 5:8:6:7:5.

[0033] In this invention, the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 2 to 4 hours; preferably 3 hours.

[0034] In this invention, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 30–40°C; preferably 32–38°C; more preferably 34–36°C; and even more preferably 35°C.

[0035] In this invention, the ratio of N, P, and K in the compound fertilizer is 10:1.5-2.5:3-5; preferably 10:1.7-2.3:4; and more preferably 10:2:4.

[0036] In this invention, the composting time is 7 to 9 days; preferably 8 days.

[0037] In this invention, the application rate of the base fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg / mu; preferably 1600-1900 kg / mu; and more preferably 1800 kg / mu.

[0038] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] An effective year-round management method for tea gardens to prevent and control tea cake disease includes the following steps:

[0041] (1) Mix 1 part of Bacillus subtilis, 0.4 parts of Bacillus cereus, 0.4 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.5 parts of Bacillus vesicles, 0.3 parts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.4 parts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10 parts of 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, 20 parts of potassium humate, 6 parts of polyglutamic acid, 2 parts of sodium lignosulfonate and 1 part of Tween 80 to obtain a compound probiotic agent; the bacterial concentration of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus vesicles, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 500 million / g.

[0042] (2) Spray the compound probiotic agent twice in March, May and July, with an interval of 7 days between each application. The application method is to dilute the compound probiotic agent 25 times and spray it until the leaves are just dripping with water.

[0043] (3) Apply base fertilizer in November; the application rate is 1500 kg / mu.

[0044] The base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts earthworm castings, 90 parts cow manure, 5 parts compound fertilizer, 20 parts mushroom residue, and 6 parts soybean cake; the N, P, and K ratio in the compound fertilizer is 10:1.5:3.

[0045] The preparation method of the base fertilizer is as follows: the compound enzyme, earthworm castings and water are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:40:20 and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 30℃ for 2 hours to obtain material 1; material 1, cow manure, compound fertilizer, mushroom residue and soybean cake are mixed and composted for 7 days to obtain base fertilizer; the compound enzyme includes papain, ligninase, cellulase, amylase and peptidase, with a mass ratio of 3:6:4:5:3.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] An effective year-round management method for tea gardens to prevent and control tea cake disease includes the following steps:

[0048] (1) Mix 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.6 parts of Bacillus cereus, 0.6 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.7 parts of Bacillus vesicles, 0.7 parts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.8 parts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 16 parts of 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, 30 parts of potassium humate, 10 parts of polyglutamic acid, 4 parts of sodium lignosulfonate and 2 parts of Tween 80 to obtain a compound probiotic agent; the bacterial concentration of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus vesicles, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 700 million / g.

[0049] (2) Spray the compound probiotic agent three times in March, May and July, with an interval of 10 days between each application. The application method is to dilute the compound probiotic agent 30 times and spray it until the leaves are just dripping with water.

[0050] (3) Apply base fertilizer in November; the application rate is 2000 kg / mu.

[0051] The base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts earthworm castings, 110 parts cow manure, 7 parts compound fertilizer, 30 parts mushroom residue, and 10 parts soybean cake; the N, P, and K ratio in the compound fertilizer is 10:2.5:5.

[0052] The preparation method of the base fertilizer is as follows: the compound enzyme, earthworm castings and water are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:50:30 and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 40℃ for 4 hours to obtain material 1; material 1, cow manure, compound fertilizer, mushroom residue and soybean cake are mixed and composted for 9 days to obtain base fertilizer; the compound enzyme includes papain, ligninase, cellulase, amylase and peptidase, with a mass ratio of 7:10:8:9:7.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] An effective year-round management method for tea gardens to prevent and control tea cake disease includes the following steps:

[0055] (1) Mix 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.5 parts of Bacillus cereus, 0.5 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.6 parts of Bacillus vesicles, 0.5 parts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.6 parts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 13 parts of 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, 25 parts of potassium humate, 8 parts of polyglutamic acid, 3 parts of sodium lignosulfonate and 2 parts of Tween 80 to obtain a compound probiotic agent; the bacterial concentration of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus vesicles, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 600 million / g.

[0056] (2) Spray the compound probiotic agent three times in March, May and July, with an interval of 7 days between each application. The application method is to dilute the compound probiotic agent 28 times and spray it until the leaves are just dripping with water.

[0057] (3) Apply base fertilizer in November; the application rate is 1800 kg / mu.

[0058] The base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts earthworm castings, 100 parts cow manure, 6 parts compound fertilizer, 25 parts mushroom residue, and 8 parts soybean cake; the N, P, and K ratio in the compound fertilizer is 10:2:4.

[0059] The preparation method of the base fertilizer is as follows: the compound enzyme, earthworm castings and water are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:45:25 and enzymatically hydrolyzed at 35℃ for 3 hours to obtain material 1; material 1, cow manure, compound fertilizer, mushroom residue and soybean cake are mixed and composted for 8 days to obtain base fertilizer; the compound enzyme includes papain, ligninase, cellulase, amylase and peptidase, with a mass ratio of 5:8:6:7:5.

[0060] Experimental Example 1

[0061] A tea garden in Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province, was selected for a planting experiment. The tea variety was Qingyuan Green Tea, and the trees were 8 years old. After the experimental area was divided into equal parts, three areas were randomly selected from each experimental group for treatment.

[0062] The method of Example 3 was used as the experimental group.

[0063] Control group 1 followed the same methods as in Example 3, except that the earthworm castings in the base fertilizer were not enzymatically hydrolyzed.

[0064] Control group 2 followed the same methods as in Example 3, except that the papain and peptidase in the complex enzyme were replaced with an equal amount of distilled water.

[0065] Control group 3 followed the same methods as in Example 3, except that the compound probiotic agent was replaced with Aipuda Photodynamic Tea Special Ecological Photocarbon Nutrition Conditioner (used according to the instructions); Pest control: During the peak period of pests, spray 1000 times dilution of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, spray 3 times, with an interval of 7 days between each spray, until the leaves are just dripping with water.

[0066] Control group 4 followed the same methods as in Example 3, except that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were replaced with equal amounts of Bacillus megaterium and Trichoderma.

[0067] Control group 5 followed the same methods as in Example 3, except that the base fertilizer was replaced with: 1800 kg of poultry and livestock manure, 130 kg of rapeseed cake, 15 kg of urea, 30 kg of superphosphate, and 20 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0068] The water control group was formed by replacing the compound probiotic agent in the experimental group with an equal amount of water, and replacing the base fertilizer with the same base fertilizer as control group 5.

[0069] Two years after the implementation of the experimental group, 10 days after the third application of the drug in May of the third year (at the end of May), a 5-point random sampling method was used, with 1m samples taken at each point. 2 The number of tea buds, bud length, and fresh weight of 100 buds were investigated separately, and the average value of the results was taken. As shown in Table 2.

[0070] Ten days after the third application of the pesticide (at the end of May), the occurrence of tea cake disease in tea trees was investigated. Referring to the GB / T17980.82-2004 standard, the third leaf below the bud of each new shoot was randomly selected from each experimental group, and the disease severity of 100 leaves was randomly investigated. The control efficacy of each treatment was calculated, and the grading standards and calculation formulas are shown in Table 1. The investigation results are shown in Table 3.

[0071] Table 1 Grading Standards

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] Disease index (%) = 100 × ∑(number of diseased leaves at each level × corresponding disease level) / (total number of plants surveyed × 9 highest representative value)

[0075] Prevention efficacy (%) = [(Disease index of water control area - Disease index of drug-treated area) / Disease index of water control area] × 100%.

[0076] Table 2 Germination Status Survey Form

[0077]

[0078] Table 3. Survey on the prevention and control efficacy of tea cake disease.

[0079] Group Disease index Prevention and control effect experimental group 3.34％ 86.89％ Control group 1 8.87％ 68.17％ Control group 2 7.36％ 71.10％ Control group 3 5.41％ 78.76％ Control group 4 10.23％ 51.98％ Control group 5 9.20％ 59.84％ Water control group 25.47％ /

[0080] The data obtained from Tables 2 and 3 show that the fertilization method provided by this invention has a significant growth-promoting effect on tea trees. Compared with other control groups, the tender leaves are greener, the buds are more uniform, and the length and number of tender leaves are significantly improved. This management method also has a significant control effect on tea cake disease, and its control effect is significantly better than that of existing chemical agents.

[0081] The data from control groups 1 and 2 show that proper processing methods are required to maximize the effectiveness of native earthworm castings. Failure to perform enzymatic hydrolysis, or the use of different types of enzymes, significantly impacts fertilizer efficiency. This is due to the incomplete decomposition and release of nutrients in the native earthworm castings. The data from control group 5 show that replacing the base fertilizer provided by this invention with other types of base fertilizers will have a significant impact on tea tree growth.

[0082] The data from control groups 3 and 4 show that the compound probiotic agent provided by this invention has the dual effects of promoting tea tree growth and preventing tea cake disease. However, if some of the bacterial strains are replaced with other types of bacterial strains, the efficacy of the agent will be significantly affected.

[0083] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tea garden annual management method for effectively preventing and controlling the occurrence of tea cake disease, characterized by, Spraying compound probiotic agent in March, May and July respectively; applying base fertilizer in November; The compound probiotic agent comprises the following components in mass fraction: 1-2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.4-0.6 parts of Bacillus cereus, 0.4-0.6 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.5-0.7 parts of Bacillus velezensis, 0.3-0.7 parts of Pseudomonas alternanans, 0.4-0.8 parts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10-16 parts of 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid, 20-30 parts of potassium humate, 6-10 parts of polyglutamic acid, 2-4 parts of dispersant and 1-2 parts of emulsifier; The preparation method of the base fertilizer is as follows: mixing compound enzyme, earthworm manure and water for enzymolysis to obtain material 1; mixing the material 1, cow dung, compound fertilizer, mushroom residue and bean cake for composting to obtain the base fertilizer; The compound enzyme comprises papain, ligninase, cellulase, amylase and peptidase, and the mass ratio is 3-7:6-10:4-8:5-9:3-7; the enzymolysis time is 2-4 h; and the enzymolysis temperature is 30-40 DEG C.

2. The tea garden annual management method for effectively preventing and controlling the occurrence of tea cake disease according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dispersant is sodium lignosulfonate; and the emulsifier is Tween 80.

3. The tea garden annual management method for effectively preventing and controlling the occurrence of tea cake disease according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying frequency is 2-3 times, and the interval is 7-10 days.

4. The tea garden annual management method for effectively preventing and controlling the occurrence of tea cake disease according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bacterial concentration of the Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velezensis, Pseudomonas alternanans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is 5-7 billion / g.

5. The tea garden annual management method for effectively preventing and controlling the occurrence of tea cake disease according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of N, P and K in the compound fertilizer is 10:1.5-2.5:3-5.

6. The tea garden annual management method for effectively preventing and controlling the occurrence of tea cake disease according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composting time is 7-9 days.

7. The tea garden annual management method for effectively preventing and controlling the occurrence of tea cake disease according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application amount of the base fertilizer is 1000-2000 kg / mu.

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