Superconducting magnetic suspension simulation technical method and superconducting magnetic suspension simulation system
The superconducting magnetic levitation phenomenon is simulated through cheap equipment, and the interaction between permanent magnets and electromagnets is used to solve the problems of high cost and complex technology of superconducting magnetic levitation technology, achieving cheap and simple magnetic levitation effect, which is suitable for large-scale promotion.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411305464.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-14
AI Technical Summary
The existing superconducting magnetic levitation technology is difficult to promote and apply on a large scale due to the high price of equipment, high maintenance costs, ultra-low temperature environment and complex technical support.
The superconducting magnetic levitation phenomenon is simulated by cheap equipment. Through the combination of floats and permanent magnets, the interaction between permanent magnets and electromagnets is used to achieve suspension and guidance, simplify the circuit structure and reduce equipment costs.
It realizes cheap simulation with the same effect as superconducting magnetic levitation, reduces equipment costs and operation difficulty, simplifies the circuit structure, and is suitable for large-scale promotion and application.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of magnetic suspension technology and engineering application, and is a simulation of superconducting magnetic suspension. Background Art
[0002] The most advanced magnetic levitation technology in the world today is superconducting magnetic levitation technology, but the equipment for superconducting magnetic levitation technology is expensive. For example, the complex manufacturing process of superconductors makes it expensive, and the maintenance cost is also high. In addition, since superconductors must work at ultra-low temperatures, they usually require cryogenic liquids such as liquid nitrogen to cool down, which will inevitably increase the cost of equipment and the difficulty of operation. In addition, the implementation of superconducting magnetic levitation technology requires a high degree of technical support and a professional maintenance team, which is a challenge for many regions. Therefore, superconducting magnetic levitation is difficult to promote and use on a large scale in reality. In addition, today's existing electromagnetic levitation circuits are very complex and are not conducive to large-scale promotion and application. Summary of the invention
[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing superconducting magnetic levitation technology, the present invention uses cheap equipment to simulate the superconducting magnetic levitation phenomenon, which can achieve the same effect as superconducting magnetic levitation and thus replace the superconducting magnetic levitation technology. The core of the superconducting magnetic levitation simulation technology method provided by the present invention is suspension and guidance.
[0004] First, suspension technology method
[0005] The present invention provides a superconducting magnetic levitation simulation system, which comprises a float and a permanent magnetic track. The float has up, down, left and right positions, and is equipped with a permanent magnet; the magnetic track has up, down, left and right positions, and the upper surfaces of the magnet groups on the magnetic track are all flush; the suspension characteristics of the system are that the magnet of the float can be suspended (suspended) between two magnet groups with the same magnetic poles in the same plane of the magnetic track and can move along the direction of the magnetic track; the magnet of the float can be suspended (suspended) between two magnet groups with different magnetic poles in the same plane of the magnetic track and can move along the direction of the magnetic track.
[0006] Second, guiding technical methods
[0007] The float has up, down, left and right sides. The circuit of the float contains an electromagnet with a shape (usually rectangular or cylindrical). Any one of the north and south magnetic poles of the electromagnet is used as the bottom surface of the float, and the front or back side of a Hall switch is attached to the bottom surface of the electromagnet for installation. The Hall switch is connected to the base of a transistor (or MOS tube, IGBT), a pull-up resistor, a potentiometer or a magnetoresistive element and a power supply. The transistor (or MOS tube, IGBT) is connected to the electromagnet and the power supply. The guiding feature of the system is that when the bottom surface of the float is placed in the middle of two magnet groups with different magnetic poles that are merged (or arranged in parallel) on the magnetic track, the alternating magnetic field of the electromagnet interacts with the magnetic field of the magnet group to generate a guiding force that prevents the float from derailing. However, the stability of the float when moving on the magnetic track is poor.
[0008] The float has up, down, left and right sides. The circuit of the float contains two (or more) electromagnets of the same shape (usually rectangular or cylindrical). The electromagnets are arranged side by side on the float in the longitudinal direction (i.e., the longitudinal direction of the magnetic track). The electromagnets are flush with each other and the magnetic poles of the bottom surfaces (i.e., the bottom surfaces of the floats) must be the same. The circuit contains Hall switches. The number of the Hall switches corresponds to the number of the electromagnets. The front or back side of each Hall switch is attached to the bottom surface of a corresponding electromagnet for installation. Each Hall switch is connected to the base of a corresponding transistor (or MOS tube, IGBT), a corresponding pull-up resistor, A potentiometer or a magnetoresistive element is connected to a power supply, and the collector of the transistor (or MOS tube, IGBT) is connected to a corresponding electromagnet and a power supply. For example, transistor 1 corresponds to electromagnet 1, and transistor 2 corresponds to electromagnet 2. The corresponding relationship is as follows; the guiding feature of the system is that when the bottom surface of the float is placed in the middle of two magnet groups with different magnetic poles that are merged (or parallel) together on the magnetic track, the alternating magnetic field of the electromagnet interacts with the magnetic field of the magnet group to generate a guiding force that prevents the float from derailing; the float has better stability when moving on the magnetic track.
[0009] Effect of the invention:
[0010] The equipment of the present invention is inexpensive, and the technical system is easy to operate, the circuit is simple, and almost maintenance-free. The present invention uses cheap equipment to simulate the superconducting magnetic levitation phenomenon, which can achieve the same effect as superconducting magnetic levitation, and then replace the superconducting magnetic levitation technology, thereby greatly reducing the cost and difficulty of existing superconducting magnetic levitation equipment, making magnetic levitation simpler and convenient for large-scale promotion and application. It can be seen that the advantages of the present invention are stronger and better than the existing superconducting magnetic levitation technology, and are very suitable for large-scale promotion and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] Figure 1 a and Figure 1 b are the top view and cross-sectional view of the first linear magnetic track, respectively;
[0012] Figure 2 a and Figure 2 b are the top view and cross-sectional view of the second linear magnetic track, respectively;
[0013] Figure 3 a and Figure 3 b are the bottom view and cross-sectional view of the float, respectively;
[0014] Figure 4 It is the circuit diagram of the float;
[0015] Figure 5 a is a cross-sectional view of the float suspended on the first magnetic track. Figure 5 b is a cross-sectional view of the float suspended on the second magnetic track;
[0016] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the float suspended under the first type of magnetic track; DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The present invention can simulate most superconducting magnetic levitation phenomena, and the most common and widely used levitation method of superconducting magnetic levitation is that the superconductor suspends on the magnetic track and moves, and the other is that the superconductor is suspended under the magnetic track and moves. The following is a simulation of these two levitation methods of superconducting magnetic levitation.
[0018] 1. Method for making a float suspended on a magnetic track
[0019] The simulation system of superconducting magnetic levitation consists of two parts: permanent magnetic track and float. First, the assembly technology of magnetic track. There are many types of magnetic tracks, such as curved magnetic tracks and linear magnetic tracks. The linear magnetic track is the simplest, and here we will use the linear magnetic track to describe the assembly technology of the magnetic track. The linear magnetic track is also divided into two types of magnetic tracks.
[0020] Figure 1 a and Figure 1 b are the top view and cross-sectional view of the first linear magnetic track. It can be seen from the figure that the order of the magnetic poles of the magnetic track from left to right is SSNN. The heights of all magnet groups should be equal. Each magnet group is composed of multiple permanent magnets of the same size. The permanent magnets are also required to have better manufacturing quality. Poor permanent magnets are not acceptable. The magnetic field strength of a single magnet should not be less than 800 Gauss. The size of the permanent magnet is closely related to the float, such as Figure 5As shown in a, the total width of the two sets of magnets in the middle of the magnetic track should be slightly larger than the width of the electromagnet of the float. For example, if the width of the square electromagnet on the float is 35 mm, then the width of each set of magnets in the magnetic track can be 25 mm and the thickness can be 20 mm. The distance between the magnet groups on the left and right sides of the magnetic track and the two magnet groups in the middle should be equal everywhere, such as Figure 5 As shown in a, the size of this spacing is also closely related to the float. The width of the neodymium magnet on the float is about 1 / 6 of this spacing. For example, the width of each group of magnets on the magnetic track is 25 mm, the thickness is 20 mm, the spacing between the magnet groups on the left and right sides of the magnetic track and the two magnet groups in the middle is 30 mm, and the width of the neodymium magnet on the float should be 5 mm. The magnet group on the magnetic track should be fixed on a hard plate, and this hard plate is preferably made of ferromagnetic material.
[0021] and Figure 2 a and Figure 2 b are the top view and cross-sectional view of the second linear magnetic track. The order of the magnetic poles of the magnetic track from left to right is SNSN. The upper magnet of the middle magnet group is wider than the lower magnet, but thinner than the lower magnet. In this way, there is a gap between the upper magnet and the hard plate below. The heights of all magnet groups should be equal. For example, the thickness of the magnet groups on the left and right sides of the magnetic track is 20 mm and the width is 30 mm, while the thickness of the lower magnet of the middle magnet group is 15 mm and the width is 25 mm. The width of the upper magnet is 60 mm and the thickness should be 5 mm, so the left and right spacing of the gap is 35 mm.
[0022] Second, the assembly technology of the float. The materials of the float are: two identical rectangular electromagnets, two identical rectangular neodymium magnets, two Hall switches A3144, two metal film resistors of the same 680 ohm, two TIP35C transistors, a lithium power battery of 12v or above, a single-turn potentiometer with a maximum resistance of 10K, and a hard plate. The two identical electromagnets can be rectangular or cylindrical, and it is best to have an iron core in the middle so that the magnetic force is stronger. The diameter of the enameled wire of the electromagnet coil is recommended to be 0.35 mm or above. The larger the number of turns of the coil, the stronger the magnetic force. For example, the coil diameter of a cylindrical electromagnet is 35 mm, the diameter of the through hole with the iron core in the middle is 10 mm, the height is 20 mm, the diameter of the enameled wire is 0.35 mm, and the number of turns is 1000. The length of the two identical rectangular neodymium magnets should be equal to or slightly greater than the length of the two rectangular electromagnets. For example Figure 3As shown in the bottom view of a float, the width of the neodymium magnet is related to the magnetic track as mentioned above. For specific details, please refer to the technical content of the magnetic track composition. Of course, the number of electromagnets of the float can also be one or more than two. If the number of electromagnets is one, then the number of Hall switches, resistors, and transistors associated with it is one; if the number of electromagnets is more than two, then the number of Hall switches, resistors, and transistors associated with it corresponds to the number of electromagnets; however, the float with only one electromagnet has poor stability in suspension and movement on the magnetic track, while the float with two or more electromagnets has better stability in suspension and movement on the magnetic track.
[0023] Press two identical rectangular electromagnets into Figure 3 a and Figure 3 As shown in b, it is fixed on the outer bottom surface of the box (the box cannot be made of ferromagnetic material) where the battery and transistor resistor are placed. The electromagnet on the fixed surface and the center line of the box must overlap, and the same surface of the electromagnet must be flush. The distance between the two electromagnets can be large or small, but the magnetic poles on the bottom surface of the electromagnet must be the same. Figure 3 As shown in a, place the backs of the two A3144 (the side without words) horizontally close to the bottom of the corresponding electromagnet and the fronts of the A3144 must be flush, the vertical center line of the A3144 (excluding the pins) overlaps with the vertical center lines of the two electromagnets, and the two A3144s slightly deviate from the center of the corresponding electromagnet upward and downward respectively, and the deviation distance is equal. The potentiometer can be fixed outside the box where the battery and transistor resistor are placed, where it is easy to adjust.
[0024] according to Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the circuit for connecting the float is a circuit diagram of a float containing two electromagnets. From this figure, it can be seen that the circuit connection of each electromagnet is the same, that is, one end of the electromagnet is connected to the C pole of the transistor, and the other end is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, while the B pole of the transistor is connected to the output end of the Hall switch, the E pole of the transistor is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, and the pull-up resistor is connected in parallel with the electromagnet. If the float has one electromagnet or more than two electromagnets, this diagram needs to be slightly modified. If the float has only one electromagnet, the circuit connection of electromagnet 2 in this figure can be removed; if the float has more than two electromagnets, the circuit connection of the corresponding electromagnets in this figure needs to be connected in parallel. The wiring rule of the electromagnet is that when the back of A3144 (the side without words) is close to the bottom of the electromagnet, the clockwise end of the electromagnet coil is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the counterclockwise end is connected to the collector C of the transistor when viewed from the bottom of the electromagnet. When the front of A3144 (the side with words) is close to the bottom of the electromagnet, the wiring of the coil is reversed when viewed from the bottom of the electromagnet.
[0025] After the float circuit is connected, fix the top of the box containing the battery and transistor resistor on the hard board. The center line of the fixed box and the hard board must overlap. The hard board cannot be made of ferromagnetic material. The middle of the two neodymium magnets are fixed on the hard boards on the left and right sides of the float, such as Figure 3 a and Figure 3 As shown in b, the bottom surfaces of the two neodymium magnets on the left and right must be flush and parallel to the bottom surface of the electromagnet, but slightly higher than the bottom surface of the electromagnet. The distance between the neodymium magnets on the left and right and the electromagnet must be equal; the magnetic pole of the neodymium magnet on the left is the S pole on the top and the N pole on the bottom, and the magnetic pole of the neodymium magnet on the right is just the opposite. At this time, the float has been assembled.
[0026] Third, the adjustment of the float. Turn on the circuit switch of the float and put the float on the magnetic track. Then how to place the float? There are two situations. First, put the float slightly to the left of the middle upper part of the gap of the first magnetic track, and then move the float to the right until the alternating magnetic field of the electromagnet of the float interacts with the magnetic field of the two magnet groups in the middle of the magnetic track to produce a guiding force to prevent the float from moving to the right. Figure 5 a. 2. Place the float slightly to the right of the middle upper part of the gap of the second magnetic track, and then move the float to the left until the alternating magnetic field of the float's electromagnet interacts with the magnetic fields of the two magnet groups in the middle of the magnetic track to produce a guiding force that prevents the float from moving to the left. Figure 5 b. If the float is too heavy and cannot float on the first magnetic track, a soft magnetic strip with the same width as the gap should be placed on the bottom of the gap between the left and right magnet groups of the first magnetic track, and the thickness of the two soft magnetic strips should also be equal; the magnetic pole of the soft magnetic strip on the left is N pole facing up and S pole facing down, and the magnetic pole of the soft magnetic strip on the right is just the opposite; but the magnetic field strength of the soft magnetic strip cannot be too large, otherwise the float is easy to flip over. Of course, the magnetic field strength of the neodymium magnets on both sides of the float can also be increased, that is, a neodymium magnet of the same width and length is superimposed on the neodymium magnet, but the strength of this neodymium magnet cannot be too large, because if it is too large, the magnetic field strength of the electromagnet needs to be increased to achieve the balance of the guiding force on both sides of the float. For example, if the width of each magnet group of the magnetic track is 25 mm and the thickness is 20 mm, and the distance between the magnet groups on the left and right sides of the magnetic track and the two magnet groups in the middle is 30 mm, then a soft magnetic strip with a width of 30 mm and a thickness of 10 mm is placed on the bottom of the left and right gaps respectively, and the width of the neodymium magnet on the float is 5 mm, which is more appropriate. If the float is too heavy and cannot float on the second magnetic track, the magnetic field strength of the neodymium magnets on both sides of the float can be increased, that is, a neodymium magnet of the same width and length is superimposed on the neodymium magnet, but the strength of the neodymium magnet cannot be increased too much, for the reasons mentioned above.
[0027] At this time, the float still cannot be completely suspended on the magnetic track. The complete suspension here refers to a state in which no other external force is required to be completely suspended by magnetic force. At this time, the potentiometer on the float or the float power supply voltage can be adjusted to achieve complete suspension. When the float is suspended on the first magnetic track, and the back of A3144 on the float is horizontally close to the bottom of the corresponding electromagnet, there is a rule between the left and right deviation of the float and the resistance of the float's potentiometer and the power supply voltage of the float: if the power supply voltage value of the float is constant, the resistance of the potentiometer is gradually reduced, and the float is gradually deflected to the right, and the resistance of the potentiometer is gradually increased, and the float is gradually deflected to the left. If the resistance of the potentiometer is constant, the power supply voltage of the float gradually increases, and the float gradually deflects to the right, and the voltage gradually decreases, and the float gradually deflects to the left. According to this rule, by adjusting the voltage of the potentiometer or the power supply, the float can achieve complete magnetic suspension on the first magnetic track and can move on the magnetic track. If the float is suspended on the first magnetic track and the front of A3144 on the float is horizontally close to the bottom of the corresponding electromagnet, the above rules are all opposite.
[0028] When the float is suspended on the second magnetic track, and the back of A3144 on the float is horizontally close to the bottom of the corresponding electromagnet, there is a rule between the left and right deviation of the float and the resistance of the float's potentiometer and the power supply voltage of the float: if the power supply voltage value of the float is constant, the float gradually deviates to the left when the resistance of the potentiometer is gradually reduced, and the float gradually deviates to the right when the resistance of the potentiometer is gradually increased. If the resistance of the potentiometer is constant, the float gradually deviates to the left when the power supply voltage of the float gradually increases, and the float gradually deviates to the right when the voltage gradually decreases. According to this rule, by adjusting the voltage of the potentiometer or the power supply, the float can be fully magnetically suspended on the second magnetic track and can move on the magnetic track. When the float is suspended on the second magnetic track and the front of A3144 on the float is horizontally close to the bottom of the corresponding electromagnet, the above rules are all opposite. Obviously, the two electromagnets of the float produce two alternating magnetic fields. The stronger the two magnetic fields, the more stable the float is, and the float will not easily derail when it moves quickly on the magnetic track.
[0029] There are some problems here. When the float is completely suspended on the magnetic track, if the float rises or falls, it will cause the float to deviate to the left or right, so that the float cannot be suspended on the magnetic track. At this time, if the voltage is constant and all other factors do not change, the balance of the float can only be achieved by adjusting the resistance value of the potentiometer. However, if the float is constantly moving on the magnetic track, it may be necessary to adjust the resistance value of the potentiometer in real time to balance the guiding forces on both sides of the float. Obviously, the potentiometer is not applicable at this time. The potentiometer can be replaced with a magnetoresistive element with a certain resistance value. Of course, the magnetoresistive element cannot be placed in the position of the potentiometer. The magnetoresistive element must be placed in a position that can sense the magnetic field of the magnetic track and can adjust the corresponding magnetic resistance through changes in position to achieve the balance of the guiding forces on both sides of the float. The AH3503 Hall element has been tested, but the effect is not good, which may be related to other factors such as resistance value.
[0030] 2. The method of making the float suspended under the magnetic track
[0031] The method of making the float suspended under the magnetic track is very simple. First, the magnetic track is the first type of magnetic track. Turn the magnetic track upside down, with the magnet facing down and the hard plate facing up. At this time, turn the float upside down and place it slightly to the left of the middle and lower part of the gap in the magnetic track, such as Figure 6 As shown, the magnetic poles of the left and right neodymium magnets of the float correspond to the magnetic poles of the magnet group on the magnetic track, and then the float is moved to the right until the alternating magnetic field of the float's electromagnet interacts with the magnetic fields of the two groups of magnets in the middle of the magnetic track below to produce a guiding force that prevents the float from moving to the right. If all factors are not intersecting, the float will easily fall due to the influence of gravity and will not be able to hang under the magnetic track. At this time, it is necessary to change the width of the gap in the magnetic track or the width of the neodymium magnet on the float so that the float can be suspended under the magnetic track. If the width of the left and right gaps on the magnetic track is not changed, the float can be suspended under the magnetic track by simply increasing the width of the neodymium magnet on the float to slightly less than half the width of the gap in the magnetic track, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown. For example, if the width of each magnet group of the magnetic track is 25 mm and the thickness is 20 mm, and the distance between the magnet groups on the left and right sides of the magnetic track and the two magnet groups in the middle is 13 mm, then the width of the neodymium magnet on the float is 5 mm. If the width of the neodymium magnet of the float is not changed, it is only necessary to reduce the width of the left and right gaps of the magnetic track to a position where the float can be suspended. The method of debugging the potentiometer of the float when the float is suspended under the magnetic track is the same as the method of debugging the float suspended on the first magnetic track. The purpose of debugging the potentiometer of the float is to prevent the float from derailing. Once the float passes the debugging, the float can be suspended under the magnetic track and move along the direction of the magnetic track.
Claims
1. The core of the superconducting magnetic levitation simulation technology method provided by the present invention is suspension and guidance; First, suspension technology method The present invention provides a superconducting magnetic levitation simulation system, which comprises a float and a permanent magnetic track (hereinafter collectively referred to as the magnetic track). The float has up, down, left, and right positions, and is equipped with a permanent magnet; the magnetic track has up, down, left, and right positions, and the upper surfaces of the magnet groups on the magnetic track are all flush; the suspension characteristics of the system are that the magnet of the float can be suspended (suspended) between two magnet groups with the same magnetic poles in the same plane of the magnetic track and can move along the direction of the magnetic track; the magnet of the float can be suspended (suspended) between two magnet groups with different magnetic poles in the same plane of the magnetic track and can move along the direction of the magnetic track; Second, guiding technical methods The float has up, down, left and right sides. The circuit of the float contains an electromagnet with a shape (usually rectangular or cylindrical). Any one of the north and south magnetic poles of the electromagnet is used as the bottom surface of the float, and the front or back side of a Hall switch is attached to the bottom surface of the electromagnet for installation. The Hall switch is connected to the base of a transistor (or MOS tube, IGBT), a pull-up resistor, a potentiometer or a magnetoresistive element and a power supply. The transistor (or MOS tube, IGBT) is connected to the electromagnet and the power supply. The guiding feature of the system is that when the bottom surface of the float is placed in the middle of two magnet groups with different magnetic poles that are merged (or arranged in parallel) on the magnetic track, the alternating magnetic field of the electromagnet interacts with the magnetic field of the magnet group to generate a guiding force that prevents the float from derailing. The float has up, down, left and right sides. The circuit of the float contains two (or more) electromagnets of the same shape (usually rectangular or cylindrical). The electromagnets are arranged side by side on the float in the longitudinal direction (i.e., the longitudinal direction of the magnetic track). The electromagnets are flush with each other and the magnetic poles of the bottom surfaces (i.e., the bottom surfaces of the floats) must be the same. The circuit contains Hall switches. The number of the Hall switches corresponds to the number of the electromagnets. The front or back of each Hall switch is attached to the bottom surface of a corresponding electromagnet for installation. Each Hall switch is connected to the base of a corresponding transistor (or MOS tube, IGBT). , a corresponding pull-up resistor, a potentiometer or a magnetoresistive resistor element and a power supply are connected, the collector of the transistor (or MOS tube, IGBT) is connected to a corresponding electromagnet and a power supply, for example, transistor 1 corresponds to electromagnet 1, and transistor 2 corresponds to electromagnet 2, which is the corresponding relationship; the guiding feature of the system is that when the bottom surface of the float is placed in the middle of two magnet groups with different magnetic poles that are merged (or parallel) together on the magnetic track, the alternating magnetic field of the electromagnet interacts with the magnetic field of the magnet group to generate a guiding force that prevents the float from derailing.