One-year two-season potato planting method for same plot in hilly and mountainous areas

Abstract

The invention discloses a one-year two-season potato planting method for the same land parcel in hilly and mountainous areas. The spring potato planting comprises the following planting steps: (1) spring planting land preparation, (2) spring potato seed selection, (3) spring potato seed disinfection, (4) spring potato seed sowing, (5) spring potato seed growth period management and (6) spring potato harvesting: after the spring potato harvesting in the step (6) is completed, the spring potato planting land is fallow for 30-50 days; autumn potato planting is conducted in the same land parcel, and autumn potato planting comprises the planting steps of (7) autumn planting land preparation, (8) autumn potato seed selection, (9) autumn potato seed disinfection, (10) autumn potato seed sowing, autumn potato seed growing period management and autumn potato harvesting; according to the method, the planting yield and the product quality of the autumn potatoes can be effectively improved, and the technical problem that the spring potatoes and the autumn potatoes can be planted in the same plot in one year is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of large-scale crop cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in a hilly or mountainous area. Background Art

[0002] Potato is one of the most important crops in the world and the fourth largest food crop in China. Potato is an important economic source for the hilly and mountainous areas in the southwest. It can also supply fresh potatoes for the whole country and even Southeast Asia all year round, and can also process high value-added products such as starch, potato chips, and French fries. Potatoes are widely planted. Yunnan is one of the important potato planting areas in my country. Since Yunnan is located in the subtropical climate zone, the climate is mild and the sunshine is sufficient, which is suitable for planting double-season potatoes. Generally speaking, potatoes planted in spring in Yunnan are harvested around June, and potatoes planted in autumn are harvested around December. However, in the existing potato planting process, in order to achieve high and stable yields of potatoes, after the potatoes planted in spring are sown, autumn potatoes will not be planted in the same plot again. Other crops will be planted in autumn to rotate the spring potato planting land, and then another non-repeated planting land will be found for autumn potato planting. If this replacement rotation method is used for the planting mode of spring potatoes and autumn potatoes, there will be idle planting land, resulting in waste of planting land. To a certain extent, it hinders the sustainable development of potato large-scale planting and is not conducive to the research and progress of current potato large-scale planting technology. Therefore, it is an objective need to develop a potato planting method for two seasons a year in the same plot in hilly and mountainous areas with advanced planting technology, low planting cost and high and stable yield. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in hilly and mountainous areas, which has advanced planting technology, low planting cost and can achieve high and stable yield.

[0004] The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in a hilly mountainous area of ​​the present invention comprises spring potato planting, wherein the planting of spring potatoes comprises the planting steps of ① land preparation for planting in spring, ② selection of seed potatoes in spring, ③ disinfection of seed potatoes in spring, ④ sowing of seed potatoes in spring, ⑤ management of the growth period of seed potatoes in spring and ⑥ harvesting of potatoes in spring, and is characterized in that: the method comprises spring potato planting, wherein the planting of spring potatoes comprises the planting steps of ① land preparation for planting in spring, ② selection of seed potatoes in spring, ③ disinfection of seed potatoes in spring, ④ sowing of seed potatoes in spring, ⑤ management of the growth period of seed potatoes in spring and ⑥ harvesting of potatoes in spring, and is characterized in that: The invention is characterized in that: after ⑥ spring potato harvesting is completed, autumn potato planting is carried out in the same plot, and the autumn potato planting includes the planting steps of ⑦ autumn planting land preparation, ⑧ autumn seed potato selection, ⑨ autumn seed potato disinfection, ⑩ autumn seed potato sowing, ⑪ autumn seed potato growth period management and ⑫ autumn potato harvesting, wherein the ⑦ autumn planting land preparation is to let the spring potato planting land fallow for 30 to 50 days after the spring potato harvest, and then carry out deep plowing, disinfection and leveling of the autumn potato planting land on the same plot; the autumn seed potato selection ⑧ should select varieties with good disease resistance.

[0005] Furthermore, the autumn seed potato disinfection is carried out by using a seed dressing agent, wherein the seed dressing agent is prepared by mixing 450-500g of 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder + 900-1000g of 3% sinomenine wettable powder + 550-700g of 70% propineb wettable powder with 100-150kg of talcum powder, and the mass ratio of the seed dressing agent to the autumn seed potato is 1:80-100.

[0006] Furthermore, ⑩ after sowing the seed potatoes in autumn, it is necessary to mix 1% avermectin GR 2-3kg / mu + 2% chlorpyrifos 3-4kg / mu + 3% phoxim GR 3-4kg / mu + 10% thiazolyl GR 1-2kg / mu and sow them together with the base fertilizer.

[0007] Furthermore, the management of autumn potato growth period is to irrigate autumn seed potatoes 5 times every 10 to 20 days by drip irrigation under the film after the autumn seed potatoes are sown and the amount of water each time is 15 to 20 m3. 3 / mu, the operation method of irrigating seed potatoes 5 times in autumn is: during the first irrigation, it is necessary to apply medium-element water-soluble fertilizer and 3.5% agricultural polyglutamic acid at the same time. The medium-element water-soluble fertilizer is a prior art water-soluble fertilizer mainly containing medium-amount nutrient elements such as calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. The dosage of the medium-element water-soluble fertilizer is 300-400mL / mu, and the dosage of mineral potassium humate is 900-1000 / mu; during the second irrigation, it is necessary to add a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 20-22:20-22:20-22, and the dosage of the large amount of water-soluble fertilizer is 5-6kg / mu; during the third irrigation, it is necessary to add a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 13-15:7-9:40-45. Fertilizer, the amount of macro-element water-soluble fertilizer is 3-4kg / mu; when the fourth irrigation, it is necessary to add a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 20-22:20-22:20-22, and the amount of water-soluble fertilizer is 3-4kg / mu; when the fifth irrigation, it is necessary to add a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 13-15:7-9:40-45, and the amount of water-soluble fertilizer is 5-6kg / mu; preferably, on the 5th day before the first irrigation, 687.5g / L fluopicolide·cymoxanil 100mL + 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 120g diluted with 40-50kg of water is sprayed on the leaves; on the 2nd day after the first irrigation, according to the ammonia For amino acid foliar fertilizer, add 60mL / mu + zinc fertilizer 80mL / mu + 0.004% brassinolide 30mL / mu and water 30-40kg, and use a manual backpack sprayer to spray the leaves. Alternatively, use a plant protection drone to add 2000mL / mu of amino acid foliar fertilizer + 2400mL of zinc fertilizer + 0.004% brassinolide 500mL to water 100-150kg, and spray the stems and leaves at a liquid volume of 1500-1600mL / mu. On the 5th day after the first irrigation, add 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 120g + 30% Jingjia·Methacin 20mL / mu to water 40-50kg, and use a manual backpack sprayer to spray the leaves. Spraying, or use a plant protection drone to spray 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 4000g + 30% Jingjia·Methacin 300mL diluted with 200-250kg of water + 1000mL of adjuvant, and spray the stems and leaves at a liquid volume of 1500-1600mL / mu; on the 5th day after the second irrigation, use 500g / L fluazinam 25mL / mu + 70% propineb 120g / mu + 687.5g / liter fluazinam·cymoxanil 100mL / mu diluted with 30-40kg of water and spray the leaves with a manual backpack sprayer, or use a plant protection drone to spray 500g / L fluazinam 600mL + 70% propineb 2000g + 687.5g / liter fluazinam·cymoxanil 100mL / mu diluted with 30-40kg of water.5g / L fluopicolide·cymoxanil 1500mL diluted with 100-150kg of water, spray on stems and leaves at a volume of 1500-1600mL / mu; 10-15 days after the third irrigation, use a backpack sprayer to spray on leaves at a volume of 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 120g + 10% Zengwei Yinglu dispersible oil 50g diluted with 40-50kg of water; On the 10th day after the 4th irrigation, spray the leaves with 70% propineb 120g + 0.004% brassinolide at 30mL diluted with 40-50kg of water using a manual backpack sprayer; 5 days after the 5th irrigation, spray the leaves with 687.5g / L fluopicolide · propamocarb diluted with 40-50kg of water using a manual backpack sprayer, or use a plant protection drone to use 687.5g / L fluopicolide · propamocarb 3000mL + 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 4000g diluted with 200-250kg of water, and spray the stems and leaves at a liquid volume of 1500-1600mL / mu.

[0008] Furthermore, the autumn seed potato selection described in claim ⑧ can select Lishu No. 6, Yunshu 902, or other early-maturing potato varieties that are purchased from late April to early May and then slowly stored in a normal temperature warehouse under diffuse light.

[0009] Furthermore, the spring seed potato disinfection is carried out by mixing with biological agents, wherein the biological agents have Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum as main species, and the mass ratio of the biological agents to the spring seed potatoes is 1:80-100.

[0010] Compared with the existing technology, the advantages of the present invention are: the present invention breaks the traditional technology of rotating potato planting in two seasons a year, and uses advanced autumn potato planting technology to realize the planting technology of spring potato and autumn potato in two consecutive seasons on the same plot of land. The technology adopted by the present invention is advanced. By leaving the spring planting land fallow and then adopting a reasonable land preparation method, the residual pathogens and insect pests in the spring planting land can be killed, and a healthy and good planting environment can be provided for the planting of autumn potatoes. By selecting varieties with good disease resistance and disinfecting autumn seed potatoes, the disease rate of autumn seed potatoes can be reduced, the disease resistance of autumn seed potatoes can be improved, and the emergence rate of autumn seed potatoes can be improved. Improving the emergence rate of autumn seed potatoes is the basis for achieving high yield of autumn seed potatoes. Through strict management of the growth period of seed potatoes, not only can sufficient nutrients be provided during the growth period of autumn seed potatoes, but also the occurrence of diseases and insect pests can be effectively reduced, which is conducive to improving the planting yield and product quality of autumn potatoes. In summary, after the application of this technology in the same plot of land where potatoes are planted in spring, it can not only effectively increase the planting yield of potatoes in autumn, but also make the yield of potatoes planted in autumn equivalent to that of potatoes planted in spring, with an yield of more than 3,800 kg per mu, and there is no occurrence of diseases and pests in potatoes planted in autumn, and the quality of potatoes planted in autumn is better. This technology solves the technical problem that spring potatoes and autumn potatoes can be planted in the same plot of land in one year, avoids the idleness of spring potato planting land due to crop rotation, effectively improves the utilization rate of continuous planting in the same plot of land, and can achieve high and stable yields of potatoes planted in two seasons on the same plot of land, which can bring good economic benefits to farmers and is easy to promote and use. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited in any way. Any changes or substitutions made based on the teachings of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Example 1

[0012] The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in a hilly mountainous area described in Example 1 includes planting potatoes in spring, and the planting of potatoes in spring includes the planting steps of ① land preparation in spring, ② selection of seed potatoes in spring, ③ disinfection of seed potatoes in spring, ④ sowing of seed potatoes in spring, ⑤ management of the growth period of seed potatoes in spring, and ⑥ harvesting of potatoes in spring, wherein ① Spring planting land preparation includes deep loosening and rotary tillage of the soil tillage layer. The deep loosening of the soil tillage layer uses tillage equipment to deep loosen and deep plow the soil. The tillage equipment can be selected from tractors with more than 120 horsepower, Dahua Bora 1S-270 deep loosening machine, Yaoao 1SZL-220 deep loosening and land preparation combined operation machine, etc. used in the existing technology. After that, in the deep loosening and deep plowing plots, use a mixture of 600 times of pentachloronitrobenzene·Thiram+1000 times of mancozeb to evenly cover the soil and spray it to sterilize the soil. If the previous crop is non-Solanaceae or root crops, this step can be subtracted. The rotary tillage can be selected according to the degree of soil compaction. Rotary tillage can be performed 1 to 2 times until the spring planting plot is flat, uniform and loose; ② Spring seed potato selection includes variety selection, spring seed potato cutting and digging, and spring and autumn seed potato seed mixing. Variety selection is mainly based on medium-early maturing varieties. Yellow-skinned and yellow-fleshed varieties can be selected, mainly Yunshu 902, Holland 15, V7, Huasong 7, Xisen 3, Deshu 7, Perfect 1, etc. White-skinned and white-fleshed varieties can be selected, mainly Lishu 6 and Huasong 56. The quality of variety selection for spring planting must be strictly controlled. The cost of seed potatoes accounts for about 20% of the total cost, and it is necessary to use complete procedures and traceable sources. Seed potatoes produced by trustworthy and reliable enterprises should be cut into pieces and dug out in spring. Spring seed potatoes with a size of less than 50g can be sown with a seeder without cutting. Spring seed potatoes with a size of 50-100g should be cut in half. Tubers with a size of more than 100g should be dug out, leaving only one bud on each tuber. The small buds on the umbilical cord should not be left, the large buds should be kept, and the rest should be discarded. Tubers with disease characteristics such as ulceration and spots should be discarded. ③ The disinfection of spring seed potatoes is carried out by using biological agents for seed dressing disinfection. The biological agents are mainly composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum. The mass ratio of biological agents to spring seed potatoes is 1:80-100. The biological agents can use commercial seed dressing agents such as potato seed dressing agent and all things seed dressing agent, etc., with 2 billion effective live bacteria per gram. Whether it is cut or not, spring seed potatoes need to be mixed with seeds. The seed potatoes can be sown after being treated, without waiting for the wound to heal completely; ④ Spring seed potato sowing includes single ridge sowing, film covering and drip irrigation laying a Single ridge sowing: adopt single ridge double row planting mode, the sowing width of single ridge is 1 meter, the plant spacing is 0.3 meters, the row spacing of 2 rows of potatoes is 0.3 meters, and the standardized planting density is 4447 plants / mu. The sowing of potatoes in spring can be mechanized. Different mechanized seeders will have fluctuations in the control of row spacing. In principle, fluctuations exceeding 0.05 meters can be regarded as unqualified operations. Mechanized seeders can choose wheeled tractors with a power output of 40 to 60 horsepower and a wheelbase of 0.9 to 1 meter, such as Dongfanghong ME505N, Dongfeng DF504-1, etc. When sowing in spring, use humic acid potato special fertilizer according to the soil testing formula standard. The recommended nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio is 10:8:9, and the total nutrients are 27%. Potato fertilizer, humic acid potato fertilizer has an organic matter content of 45%, a total humic acid content of 10%, a soluble humic acid content of 5%, and 200 million biological bacteria / kg. Humic acid potato fertilizer can be applied at 60-80kg / mu, which not only increases the yield but also improves the quality. Mechanized seeder fertilization has high requirements for fertilizer granulation, requiring the fertilizer to be hard, low in moisture, and uniform in particles. Powdered fertilizer is not allowed. When sowing seed potatoes in spring, considering the pests and diseases in the soil such as root-knot nematodes, grubs, and cutworms, 1% avermectin GR is mixed at 2kg / mu + 2% chlorpyrifos 3kg / mu + 3% phoxim GR 3kg / mu at the same time of sowing, and then sowed together with fertilizer or humic acid potato fertilizer. b. Film covering: After the spring seed potatoes are sown, leave them for about 10 days to allow the soil temperature to fully increase before covering the film. This technology should use a single-ridge film covering machine. It is not recommended to use medium and large-sized covering machines. Use a film covering machine and modify the rear suspension spray system through the vehicle power supply. The covering width is 1.5 meters. While covering the film, spray a closed pre-emergence herbicide. It is recommended to use dimethoate as a pre-emergence herbicide at a dosage of 65g / mu. The thickness of the film covering should not be less than 5cm. While covering the soil, turn on the rear suspension spray system to maximize the pre-emergence weeding and sealing effect. No more weeding during the growing season. c. Drip irrigation laying: For flat plots of land for spring planting, pipes are laid in a grid format. According to the size of the plot, the main water pipe can choose a decreasing mode of 110mm, 90mm, 75mm, and 63mm in diameter. Each control unit is controlled within 5 mu. For plots with relatively large slopes in spring planting, pipes are laid in one control unit for every two plots according to the specific situation. The drip irrigation belt under each water pipe should be basically controlled within 20 meters, and it can be disconnected in the middle with a tie, so that the irrigation is more uniform; ⑤ Spring seed potato growth management: When the emergence rate of spring seed potatoes reaches 75%, it is considered the emergence day. Under normal circumstances, seedlings will emerge in the field 20 days after sowing, and all seedlings can emerge in 30 days. The following time nodes are all calculated from the emergence day. a. On the fifth day after seed potatoes are sown in spring, the first irrigation is carried out to ensure that the potato seedlings emerge completely. The irrigation amount is 10-20m 3 / mu of water is used for irrigation. The irrigation is controlled by time and calculated according to the flow rate of the water pump. Generally, 15m 3 / Hour; b. On the 15th day after the spring seed potatoes emerge, the second irrigation is carried out at 15m 3 / mu of standard irrigation, and water-soluble fertilizer at the same time. The water-fertilizer integration technology has extremely precise time control and is carried out in the "20 minutes + 20 minutes + 20 minutes" mode, that is, first irrigate with water for 20 minutes, then irrigate with water-soluble fertilizer for 20 minutes, and then irrigate with water for 20 minutes. Water-soluble fertilizer uses high nitrogen fertilizer, or urea can be used directly at a dosage of 2 kg / mu. At the same time, 3.5% agricultural polyglutamic acid is added, and the dosage is used according to the standard dosage of 300 mL; c. On the 17th day after seed potatoes emerge in spring, spray amino acid foliar fertilizer + zinc fertilizer. The amino acid foliar fertilizer is used at a rate of 60 mL / mu, and the zinc fertilizer is used at a rate of 80 mL / mu to improve the photosynthesis of potato plants and promote growth. d. On the 25th day after the spring seed potatoes emerge, the third irrigation is carried out at 15m 3 / mu standard, add medium element water-soluble fertilizer, and use mineral potassium humate at the same time. The medium element water-soluble fertilizer is mainly magnesium, calcium and iron, and is used at the standard of 8kg / mu, and mineral potassium humate is used at the standard of 500g / mu; e. The fourth irrigation is carried out on the 35th day after the seed potatoes are sown in spring. The irrigation is carried out at 15m 3 m / mu standard, add balanced macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, the macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer should be a water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 20:20:20, and the dosage is 2kg / mu; f. On the 40th day after the seed potatoes are sown in spring, use mancozeb + oxazolidinone and oxazolidinone together to prevent late blight, black leg disease and root rot. Use the preventive medicine according to the dosage in the instructions; g. On the 45th day after seed potatoes emerge in spring, the fifth irrigation is carried out at 20m 3 / mu standard, no fertilizer; hOn the 55th day after the spring seed potatoes emerged, the sixth irrigation was carried out at 20m 3 / mu standard, release high potassium type macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, the best nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 13:7:40, or potassium fertilizer content is not less than 35, according to the dosage of 5kg / mu with water irrigation, this fertilization time is maintained at 40 minutes, and the irrigation time before and after fertilization is 20 minutes; iOn the 60th day after the seed potatoes are sown in spring, to prevent late blight, use a hand-push or airborne backpack motorized sprayer to spray the stems and leaves with 80g of 72% cymoxanil and manganese zinc per mu + 100g of 70% propineb, diluted with 45kg of water. Alternatively, use a plant protection drone, such as the DJI T20, and replace it with an S×110015vs nozzle. Use 150g of 72% cymoxanil and manganese zinc + 200g of 70% propineb + ​​150mL of adjuvant diluted with 20kg of water, and spray the stems and leaves at a dosage of 1500mL / mu; j. The last irrigation is carried out on the 65th day after the seed potatoes are sown in spring, at a rate of 20m 3 / mu standard, no fertilizer, k. On the 70th day after the emergence of seed potatoes in spring, prevent and control late blight by using hand-push or airborne backpack motorized sprayers, using 687.5g / L fluopicolide·cymoxanil 100mL + 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 120g diluted with 45kg of water per mu, spraying on the leaves or using plant protection drones. For example, using DJI T20, use 687.5g / L fluopicolide·cymoxanil 3000mL + 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 4000g diluted with 200kg of water, use S×110020vs nozzles for spraying, spraying on stems and leaves at a liquid volume of 1500mL / mu; l The spring potatoes mature on the 90th day after the spring seed potatoes are sown, which is around June 15, with a deviation of no more than 10 days; ⑥ Spring potato harvesting includes mechanized seedling killing and potato harvesting aMechanized seedling killing is to use a potato seedling killing machine to mechanized seedling beating, weeding and crushing before the potato harvest in spring. It can complete the cleaning of potato seedlings at one time, and the seedlings that have fallen in the ridges can also be sucked up and crushed. It is recommended to use small machines for single-ridge operations, and medium and large machines for multi-ridge operations are not recommended. The blade of the beating machine has a drop distance of 20-25 cm, and the power output is 540r / min. It is forbidden to hit the soil with the hammer claw during operation. If the hammer claw is found to hit the soil, the height of the ground wheel off the ground or the length of the suspension rod on the tractor should be adjusted; b. Spring potato harvesting is a key link in the whole mechanization technology of potato production in hilly and mountainous areas. It can complete the excavation of potatoes in one go. Small vibrating potato harvesters are suitable for northeastern Yunnan, which greatly improve the harvesting efficiency and reduce the potato damage rate. Small vibrating potato harvesters such as Hongzhu 4U-110D potato harvester have a matching power of 50-70 horsepower and a wheel base the same as that of the tractor used for sowing, both of which are narrow-wheeled tractors. Large harvesters with a harvesting width of more than 1.7 meters can be used, such as Hongzhu 4U-170D and Yinhe 4UG-1800 potato harvesters, which have a matching power of more than 90 horsepower narrow-wheeled tractors. The harvesters need to be equipped with cutting discs, moving knives and other components; After ⑥ spring potato harvesting is completed, autumn potato planting is carried out in the same plot, and the autumn potato planting includes the planting steps of ⑦ autumn planting land preparation, ⑧ autumn seed potato selection, ⑨ autumn seed potato disinfection, ⑩ autumn seed potato sowing, ⑪ autumn seed potato growth period management and ⑫ autumn potato harvesting, wherein the ⑦ autumn planting land preparation is to leave the spring potato planting land fallow for 30 days after the spring potato harvest, and then carry out deep plowing, disinfection and leveling of the autumn potato planting land on the same plot, by leaving the spring planting land fallow Treatment, and then adopting a reasonable land preparation method can kill the residual pathogens and pests in the spring planting field, and provide a healthy and good planting environment for the planting of autumn potatoes. The autumn seed potato selection⑧ should select varieties with good disease resistance. By selecting varieties with good disease resistance and disinfecting the autumn seed potatoes, the disease rate of autumn seed potatoes can be reduced, the disease resistance of autumn seed potatoes can be improved, and the emergence rate of autumn seed potatoes can be improved. Improving the emergence rate of autumn seed potatoes is the basis for achieving high yield of autumn seed potatoes. In the above-mentioned autumn potato planting process, among them: ⑦ Autumn planting land preparation After the spring potato harvest is completed, let the spring potato planting land fallow for 30 days, and then carry out autumn potato planting land preparation work on the same land according to the operation process of ① spring planting land preparation; ⑧ For autumn seed potato selection, the principle of proximity should be adopted. You can choose Lishu No. 6, Yunshu 902, or other early-maturing potato varieties that are purchased from late April to early May and then diffusely stored in a room temperature warehouse. The selection range of autumn seed potato varieties is relatively narrow, and the main recommended varieties are Lishu No. 6 (white skin and white flesh) and Yunshu 902 (yellow skin and yellow flesh). The quality control of autumn seed potato procurement is slightly weaker than that of spring seed potato selection, but the quality of autumn seed potatoes must also be strictly controlled. It is best to select them in person in the field, and choose varieties that do not have bacterial wilt, root knot nematode disease, powdery scab, and virus disease in the field and have good control of late blight. If virus testing can be done in advance, it is best to decide whether to use them after testing; ⑨ Autumn seed potato disinfection is to use a seed dressing agent to disinfect the autumn seed potatoes, the seed dressing agent is prepared by mixing 450g of 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder + 900g of 3% zhongshengmycin wettable powder + 550g of 70% propineb wettable powder with 100kg of talcum powder, and the mass ratio of the seed dressing agent to the autumn seed potatoes is 1:80; ⑩ For autumn seed potato sowing, the technical process of spring seed potato sowing can be repeated. However, in autumn seed potato sowing, considering that the pests and diseases in the soil such as root-knot nematodes, white grubs, and cutworms are at a high incidence, it is necessary to mix 1% avermectin GR 2kg / mu + 2% chlorpyrifos 3kg / mu + 3% phoxim GR 3kg / mu + 10% thiazolyl GR 1kg / mu and sow them together with the base fertilizer; ⑪ Management of autumn seed potatoes during the growing period: After the autumn seed potatoes are sown and the seedlings emerge, the autumn seed potatoes are irrigated 5 times every 10 to 20 days by drip irrigation under the film, with each irrigation amount of 15m 3 / mu. Under normal circumstances, autumn potato planting should be completed before August 10 each year. When the emergence rate of autumn seed potatoes reaches 75%, it is regarded as the emergence day. Under normal circumstances, seedlings will emerge in the field 15 days after sowing, and all seedlings can emerge in 20 days. There is more rain in autumn, and the amount of water and fertilizer is relatively small, but the prevention and control pressure of late blight and root-knot nematode disease is relatively high. The following irrigation and fertilization time nodes are all calculated from the emergence day of autumn seed potatoes; aOn the 10th day after the seed potatoes are sown and germination occurs in autumn, the first irrigation is carried out. During the first irrigation, medium-element water-soluble fertilizer and 3.5% agricultural polyglutamic acid need to be applied at the same time. The dosage of medium-element water-soluble fertilizer is 300mL / mu, and the dosage of mineral potassium humate is 900 / mu. On the 5th day before the first irrigation, 687.5g / L fluopicolide·fanocarb 100mL + 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 120g diluted with 40kg of water are sprayed on the leaves. On the 2nd day after the first irrigation, amino acid foliar fertilizer is 60mL / mu + zinc fertilizer 80mL / mu + 0.004% brassinolide 30mL / mu diluted with 30kg of water is sprayed on the leaves using a manual backpack sprayer. Alternatively, use a plant protection drone to apply 2000mL / mu of amino acid foliar fertilizer + 2400mL of zinc fertilizer + 0.004% brassinolide at a rate of 500mL diluted with 100kg of water, and spray the stems and leaves at a rate of 1500mL / mu; on the 5th day after the first irrigation, use a backpack sprayer to spray the leaves with 120g of 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder + 20mL of 30% Jingjia·Methacyl-methyl at a rate of 40kg of water, or use a plant protection drone to apply 4000g of 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder + 300mL of 30% Jingjia·Methacyl-methyl diluted with 200kg of water + 1000mL of adjuvant, and spray the stems and leaves at a rate of 1500mL / mu of liquid; b. On the 25th day after the seed potatoes are sown and germination occurs in autumn, the second irrigation is carried out. During the second irrigation, a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 20:20:20 needs to be applied, and the amount of water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements is 5kg / mu; on the 5th day after the second irrigation, 500g / L fluazinam 25mL / mu + 70% propineb 120g / mu + 687.5g / liter fluazinam·cymoxanil 100mL / mu diluted with 30kg of water is used for leaf spraying with a manual backpack sprayer, or a plant protection drone is used to spray the stems and leaves with 500g / L fluazinam 600mL + 70% propineb 2000g + 687.5g / liter fluazinam·cymoxanil 1500mL diluted with 100kg of water at a liquid volume of 1500mL / mu; c. On the 35th day after the seed potatoes are sown in autumn, the third irrigation is carried out. During the third irrigation, a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 13:7:40 needs to be applied, and the amount of the large amount of water-soluble fertilizer is 3kg / mu; on the 10th day after the third irrigation, 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 120g + 10% Zengwei Yinglu dispersible oil 50g diluted with 40kg of water is sprayed on the leaves using a manual backpack sprayer; d. On the 55th day after the seed potatoes were sown in autumn, the fourth irrigation was carried out. During the fourth irrigation, a large number of water-soluble fertilizers with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 20:20:20 should be added. The amount of water-soluble fertilizers for large amounts of elements is 3kg / mu. On the 10th day after the fourth irrigation, 70% propineb 120g + 0.004% brassinolide was sprayed on the leaves with a manual backpack sprayer according to 30mL of 70% propineb 120g + 0.004% brassinolide diluted with 40kg of water; e. On the 70th day after the seed potatoes are sown and germination occurs in autumn, the fifth irrigation is carried out. During the fifth irrigation, a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 13:7:40 needs to be applied, and the amount of water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements is 5kg / mu; 5 days after the fifth irrigation, 687.5g / L fluopicolide·cymoxanil diluted with 40kg of water is used for leaf spraying with a manual backpack sprayer, or 687.5g / L fluopicolide·cymoxanil 3000mL + 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 4000g diluted with 200kg of water is used by a plant protection drone to spray the stems and leaves at a liquid volume of 1500mL / mu; ⑫ Autumn potato harvesting: After the autumn seed potatoes are planted, they will mature normally around November 15, 90 days after planting, or die from frost. Under normal circumstances, they can be harvested at the end of December. The autumn potato harvesting can be carried out according to the procedures for ⑥ spring potato harvesting.

[0013] After the technology of this embodiment 1 is applied in the same plot of land where potatoes are planted in spring, it can not only effectively increase the planting yield of potatoes in autumn, but also make the yield of potatoes planted in autumn equivalent to that of potatoes planted in spring, and the yield per mu can reach about 3950kg. In addition, there is no occurrence of diseases and insect pests in potatoes planted in autumn, and the quality of potatoes planted in autumn is better. This technology solves the technical problem that spring potatoes and autumn potatoes can be planted in the same plot of land in one year, avoids the idleness of spring potato planting land due to crop rotation, effectively improves the utilization rate of continuous planting in the same plot of land, and achieves high and stable yield of potatoes planted in two seasons in the same plot of land, which can bring good economic benefits to farmers. Example 2

[0014] The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in a hilly mountainous area described in Example 2 includes planting potatoes in spring, and the planting of potatoes in spring includes the planting steps of ① land preparation for planting in spring, ② selection of seed potatoes in spring, ③ disinfection of seed potatoes in spring, ④ sowing of seed potatoes in spring, ⑤ management of the growth period of seed potatoes in spring, and ⑥ harvesting of potatoes in spring. The various steps of planting potatoes in spring in Example 2 are exactly the same as the operation flow in Example 1 and are not elaborated here. After the harvesting of potatoes in spring ⑥ is completed, autumn potato planting is carried out in the same plot, and the autumn potato planting includes the planting steps of ⑦ land preparation for planting in autumn, ⑧ selection of seed potatoes in autumn, ⑨ disinfection of seed potatoes in autumn, ⑩ sowing of seed potatoes in autumn, ⑪ management of the growth period of seed potatoes in autumn, and ⑫ harvesting of potatoes in autumn, wherein the ⑦ Autumn planting land preparation is to let the spring potato planting land fallow for 40 days after the spring potato is harvested, and then carry out deep plowing, disinfection and leveling of the autumn potato planting land on the same plot. By leaving the spring planting land fallow and adopting a reasonable land preparation method, the residual pathogens and pests in the spring planting land can be killed, providing a healthy and good planting environment for the planting of autumn potatoes. The autumn seed potato selection ⑧ should select varieties with good disease resistance. By selecting varieties with good disease resistance and disinfecting the autumn seed potatoes, the disease rate of the autumn seed potatoes can be reduced, the disease resistance of the autumn seed potatoes can be improved, and the emergence rate of the autumn seed potatoes can be improved. Improving the emergence rate of the autumn seed potatoes is the basis for achieving high yields of autumn seed potatoes. In the above-mentioned autumn potato planting process, among them: ⑦ Autumn planting land preparation After the spring potato harvest is completed, let the spring potato planting land fallow for 40 days, and then carry out autumn potato planting land preparation work on the same land according to the operating procedures of ① spring planting land preparation; ⑧ For autumn seed potato selection, the principle of proximity should be adopted. You can choose Lishu No. 6, Yunshu 902, or other early-maturing potato varieties that are purchased from late April to early May and then diffusely stored in a room temperature warehouse. The selection range of autumn seed potato varieties is relatively narrow, and the main recommended varieties are Lishu No. 6 (white skin and white flesh) and Yunshu 902 (yellow skin and yellow flesh). The quality control of autumn seed potato procurement is slightly weaker than that of spring seed potato selection, but the quality of autumn seed potatoes must also be strictly controlled. It is best to select them in person in the field, and choose varieties that do not have bacterial wilt, root knot nematode disease, powdery scab, and virus disease in the field and have good control of late blight. If virus testing can be done in advance, it is best to decide whether to use them after testing; ⑨ Autumn seed potato disinfection is to use a seed dressing agent to disinfect the autumn seed potatoes, the seed dressing agent is prepared by mixing 480g of 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder + 950g of 3% zhongshengmycin wettable powder + 600g of 70% propineb wettable powder with 120kg of talcum powder, and the mass ratio of the seed dressing agent to the autumn seed potatoes is 1:90; ⑩ For autumn seed potato sowing, the technical process of ④ spring seed potato sowing can be repeated. However, in autumn seed potato sowing, considering that the pests and diseases in the soil such as root-knot nematodes, white grubs, and cutworms are at a high incidence, it is necessary to mix 1% avermectin GR 2.5kg / mu + 2% chlorpyrifos 3.5kg / mu + 3% phoxim GR 3.5kg / mu + 10% thiazothion GR 1.5kg / mu and sow together with the base fertilizer; ⑪ Management of autumn seed potatoes during the growing period: After the autumn seed potatoes are sown and the seedlings emerge, the autumn seed potatoes are irrigated 5 times every 10 to 20 days by drip irrigation under the film, with each irrigation amount of 18m 3 / mu. Under normal circumstances, autumn potato planting should be completed before August 10 each year. When the emergence rate of autumn seed potatoes reaches 75%, it is regarded as the emergence day. Under normal circumstances, seedlings will emerge in the field 15 days after sowing, and all seedlings can emerge in 20 days. There is more rain in autumn, and the amount of water and fertilizer is relatively small, but the pressure of late blight and root-knot nematode prevention and control is relatively high. The following irrigation, fertilization and other time nodes are all calculated from the emergence day of autumn seed potatoes; specifically, the autumn seed potatoes are irrigated 5 times, aOn the 10th day after the seed potatoes are sown and germination occurs in autumn, the first irrigation is carried out. During the first irrigation, medium-element water-soluble fertilizer and 3.5% agricultural polyglutamic acid need to be applied at the same time. The dosage of medium-element water-soluble fertilizer is 300mL / mu, and the dosage of mineral potassium humate is 900 / mu. On the 5th day before the first irrigation, 687.5g / L fluopicolide·fanocarb 100mL + 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 120g diluted with 40kg of water are used for leaf spraying. On the 2nd day after the first irrigation, amino acid foliar fertilizer is 60mL / mu + zinc fertilizer 80mL / mu + 0.004% brassinolide 30mL / mu diluted with 35kg of water is used for leaf spraying using a manual backpack sprayer. Alternatively, use a plant protection drone to apply 2000mL / mu of amino acid foliar fertilizer + 2400mL of zinc fertilizer + 0.004% brassinolide at a rate of 500mL diluted with 125kg of water, and spray the stems and leaves at a rate of 1550mL / mu; on the 5th day after the first irrigation, use a backpack sprayer to spray the leaves with 120g of 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder + 20mL of 30% Jingjia·Methacyl-methyl at a rate of 45kg of water, or use a plant protection drone to apply 4000g of 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder + 300mL of 30% Jingjia·Methacyl-methyl diluted with 230kg of water + 1000mL of adjuvant, and spray the stems and leaves at a rate of 1550mL / mu of liquid; b. On the 20th day after the seed potatoes are sown and germinated in autumn, the second irrigation is carried out. During the second irrigation, it is necessary to add a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 21:21:21, and the amount of water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements is 5.5 kg / mu; on the 5th day after the second irrigation, use 500g / L fluazinam 25mL / mu + 70% propineb 120g / mu + 687.5g / liter fluazinam·cymoxanil 100mL / mu diluted with 35kg of water and sprayed on the leaves with a manual backpack sprayer, or use a plant protection drone to spray 500g / L fluazinam 600mL + 70% propineb 2000g + 687.5g / liter fluazinam·cymoxanil 1500mL diluted with 125kg of water, and spray the stems and leaves according to the liquid volume of 1550mL / mu; c. On the 30th day after the seed potatoes are sown and seedlings emerge in autumn, the third irrigation is carried out. During the third irrigation, a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 14:8:43 needs to be applied, and the amount of the large amount of water-soluble fertilizer is 3.5kg / mu; on the 12th day after the third irrigation, 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 120g + 10% Zengwei Yinglu dispersible oil 50g diluted with 45kg of water is sprayed on the leaves using a manual backpack sprayer; d. On the 50th day after the seed potatoes were sown in autumn, the fourth irrigation was carried out. During the fourth irrigation, a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 21:21:21 should be added. The amount of water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements is 3.5 kg / mu. On the 10th day after the fourth irrigation, 70% propineb 120g + 0.004% brassinolide was sprayed on the leaves with a manual backpack sprayer according to 30mL of 70% propineb 120g + 0.004% brassinolide diluted with 45kg of water; e. On the 65th day after the seed potatoes are sown and germinated in autumn, the fifth irrigation is carried out. During the fifth irrigation, it is necessary to apply a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 14:8:43, and the amount of water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements is 5.5kg / mu; 5 days after the fifth irrigation, use 687.5g / L fluopicolide·cymoxanil diluted with 45kg of water to spray on the leaves with a manual backpack sprayer, or use a plant protection drone to use 687.5g / L fluopicolide·cymoxanil 3000mL + 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 4000g diluted with 225kg of water, and spray the stems and leaves at a liquid volume of 1550mL / mu; ⑫ Autumn potato harvesting: After the autumn seed potatoes are planted, they will mature normally around November 15, 90 days after planting, or die from frost. Under normal circumstances, they can be harvested at the end of December. The autumn potato harvesting can be carried out according to the procedures for ⑥ spring potato harvesting.

[0015] After the technology of this embodiment 1 is applied in the same plot of land where potatoes are planted in spring, it can not only effectively increase the planting yield of potatoes in autumn, but also make the yield of potatoes planted in autumn equivalent to that of potatoes planted in spring, and the yield per mu can reach about 3950kg. In addition, there is no occurrence of diseases and insect pests in potatoes planted in autumn, and the quality of potatoes planted in autumn is better. This technology solves the technical problem that spring potatoes and autumn potatoes can be planted in the same plot of land in one year, avoids the idleness of spring potato planting land due to crop rotation, effectively improves the utilization rate of continuous planting in the same plot of land, and achieves high and stable yield of potatoes planted in two seasons in the same plot of land, which can bring good economic benefits to farmers.

[0016] After the technology of this embodiment 2 is applied in the same plot of land where potatoes are planted in spring, it can not only effectively increase the planting yield of potatoes in autumn, but also make the yield of potatoes planted in autumn equivalent to that of potatoes planted in spring, and the yield per mu can reach about 4200 kg. In addition, there is no occurrence of diseases and insect pests in potatoes planted in autumn, and the quality of potatoes planted in autumn is better. This technology solves the technical problem that spring potatoes and autumn potatoes can be planted in the same plot of land in one year, avoids the idleness of spring potato planting land due to crop rotation, effectively improves the utilization rate of continuous planting in the same plot of land, and achieves high and stable yields of potatoes planted in two seasons in the same plot of land, which can bring good economic benefits to farmers. Example 3

[0017] The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in a hilly mountainous area described in Example 3 includes planting potatoes in spring, and the planting of potatoes in spring includes the planting steps of ① land preparation for planting in spring, ② selection of seed potatoes in spring, ③ disinfection of seed potatoes in spring, ④ sowing of seed potatoes in spring, ⑤ management of the growth period of seed potatoes in spring, and ⑥ harvesting of potatoes in spring. The various steps of planting potatoes in spring in Example 2 are exactly the same as the operation flow in Example 1, and will not be elaborated here. After the harvesting of potatoes in spring ⑥ is completed, autumn potato planting is carried out in the same plot, and the autumn potato planting includes the planting steps of ⑦ land preparation for planting in autumn, ⑧ selection of seed potatoes in autumn, ⑨ disinfection of seed potatoes in autumn, ⑩ sowing of seed potatoes in autumn, ⑪ management of the growth period of seed potatoes in autumn, and ⑫ harvesting of potatoes in autumn, wherein the ⑦ Autumn planting land preparation is to let the spring potato planting land fallow for 50 days after the spring potato is harvested, and then deep plowing, disinfection and leveling of the autumn potato planting land are carried out on the same plot. By leaving the spring planting land fallow and adopting a reasonable land preparation method, the residual pathogens and pests in the spring planting land can be killed, providing a healthy and good planting environment for the planting of autumn potatoes. The autumn seed potato selection ⑧ should select varieties with good disease resistance. By selecting varieties with good disease resistance and disinfecting the autumn seed potatoes, the disease rate of the autumn seed potatoes can be reduced, the disease resistance of the autumn seed potatoes can be improved, and the emergence rate of the autumn seed potatoes can be improved. Improving the emergence rate of the autumn seed potatoes is the basis for achieving high yields of autumn seed potatoes. In the above-mentioned autumn potato planting process, among them: ⑦ Autumn planting land preparation After the spring potato harvest is completed, let the spring potato planting land fallow for 50 days, and then carry out autumn potato planting land preparation work on the same land according to the operating procedures of ① spring planting land preparation; ⑧ For autumn seed potato selection, the principle of proximity should be adopted. You can choose Lishu No. 6, Yunshu 902, or other early-maturing potato varieties that are purchased from late April to early May and then diffusely stored in a room temperature warehouse. The selection range of autumn seed potato varieties is relatively narrow, and the main recommended varieties are Lishu No. 6 (white skin and white flesh) and Yunshu 902 (yellow skin and yellow flesh). The quality control of autumn seed potato procurement is slightly weaker than that of spring seed potato selection, but the quality of autumn seed potatoes must also be strictly controlled. It is best to select them in person in the field, and choose varieties that do not have bacterial wilt, root knot nematode disease, powdery scab, and virus disease in the field and have good control of late blight. If virus testing can be done in advance, it is best to decide whether to use them after testing; ⑨ Autumn seed potato disinfection is to use a seed dressing agent to disinfect the autumn seed potatoes, the seed dressing agent is prepared by mixing 500g of 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder + 1000g of 3% zhongshengmycin wettable powder + 700g of 70% propineb wettable powder with 150kg of talcum powder, and the mass ratio of the seed dressing agent to the autumn seed potatoes is 1:100. ⑩ For autumn seed potato sowing, the technical process of spring seed potato sowing can be repeated. However, considering that the root-knot nematodes, white grubs, cutworms and other pests and diseases in the soil are at a high incidence, it is necessary to mix 1% avermectin GR 3kg / mu + 2% chlorpyrifos 4kg / mu + 3% phoxim GR 4kg / mu + 10% thiazolyl GR 2kg / mu and sow them together with the base fertilizer; ⑪ Management of autumn seed potatoes during the growing period: After the autumn seed potatoes are sown and the seedlings emerge, the autumn seed potatoes are irrigated 5 times every 10 to 20 days by drip irrigation under the film, with each irrigation amount of 20m 3 / mu. Under normal circumstances, autumn potato planting should be completed before August 10 each year. When the emergence rate of autumn seed potatoes reaches 75%, it is regarded as the emergence day. Under normal circumstances, seedlings will emerge in the field 15 days after sowing, and all seedlings can emerge in 20 days. There is more rain in autumn, and the amount of water and fertilizer is relatively small, but the prevention and control pressure of late blight and root-knot nematode disease is relatively high. The following irrigation and fertilization time nodes are all calculated from the emergence day of autumn seed potatoes; a. On the 20th day after the seed potatoes are sown in autumn, the first irrigation is carried out. During the first irrigation, medium-element water-soluble fertilizer and 3.5% agricultural polyglutamic acid need to be applied at the same time. The dosage of medium-element water-soluble fertilizer is 400mL / mu, and the dosage of mineral potassium humate is 1000 / mu. On the 5th day before the first irrigation, 687.5g / L fluopicolide·fanocarb 100mL + 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 120g diluted with 50kg of water are sprayed on the leaves. On the 2nd day after the first irrigation, amino acid foliar fertilizer is 60mL / mu + zinc fertilizer 80mL / mu + 0.004% brassinolide 30mL / mu diluted with 40kg of water, and the leaves are sprayed with a manual backpack sprayer, or the leaves are sprayed with a manual backpack sprayer. Use a plant protection drone to apply 2000mL / mu of amino acid foliar fertilizer + 2400mL of zinc fertilizer + 0.004% brassinolide at a rate of 500mL diluted with 100-150kg of water, and spray the stems and leaves at a rate of 1600mL / mu; on the 5th day after the first irrigation, use a backpack sprayer to spray the leaves with 120g of 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder + 20mL of 30% Jingjia·Methacyl-methyl at a rate of 40-50kg of water, or use a plant protection drone to apply 4000g of 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder + 300mL of 30% Jingjia·Methacyl-methyl diluted with 250kg of water + 1000mL of adjuvant, and spray the stems and leaves at a rate of 1600mL / mu of liquid; b. On the 30th day after the seed potatoes are sown and the seedlings emerge in autumn, the second irrigation is carried out. During the second irrigation, it is necessary to add a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 22:22:22, and the amount of water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements is 6kg / mu; on the 5th day after the second irrigation, use 500g / L fluazinam 25mL / mu + 70% propineb 120g / mu + 687.5g / liter fluazinam·cymoxanil 100mL / mu diluted with 40kg of water and sprayed on the leaves with a manual backpack sprayer, or use a plant protection drone to spray 500g / L fluazinam 600mL + 70% propineb 2000g + 687.5g / liter fluazinam·cymoxanil 1500mL diluted with 150kg of water, and spray the stems and leaves according to the liquid volume of 1600mL / mu; c. On the 40th day after the seed potatoes are sown and seedlings emerge in autumn, the third irrigation is carried out. During the third irrigation, a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 15:9:45 needs to be applied, and the amount of water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements is 4kg / mu; on the 15th day after the third irrigation, 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 120g + 10% Zengwei Yinglu dispersible oil 50g diluted with 50kg of water is sprayed on the leaves using a manual backpack sprayer; d. On the 60th day after seed potatoes were sown in autumn, the fourth irrigation was carried out. During the fourth irrigation, a large number of water-soluble fertilizers with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 22:22:22 should be added. The amount of water-soluble fertilizers for large amounts of elements is 4 kg / mu. On the 10th day after the fourth irrigation, 70% propineb 120g + 0.004% brassinolide was sprayed on the leaves with a manual backpack sprayer according to 30mL of 70% propineb 120g + 0.004% brassinolide diluted with 50kg of water; e. On the 75th day after the seed potatoes are sown and germination occurs in autumn, the fifth irrigation is carried out. During the fifth irrigation, a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 15:9:45 needs to be applied, and the amount of water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements is 6kg / mu; 5 days after the fifth irrigation, 687.5g / L fluopicolide·cymoxanil diluted with 50kg of water is used for leaf spraying with a manual backpack sprayer, or 687.5g / L fluopicolide·cymoxanil 3000mL + 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 4000g diluted with 250kg of water is used by a plant protection drone to spray the stems and leaves at a liquid volume of 1600mL / mu; ⑫ Autumn potato harvesting: After the autumn seed potatoes are planted, they will mature normally around November 15, 90 days after planting, or die from frost. Under normal circumstances, they can be harvested at the end of December. The autumn potato harvesting can be carried out according to the procedures for ⑥ spring potato harvesting.

[0018] After the technology of this embodiment 3 is applied in the same plot of land where potatoes are planted in spring, it can not only effectively increase the planting yield of potatoes in autumn, but also make the yield of potatoes planted in autumn equivalent to that of potatoes planted in spring, and the yield per mu can reach about 4200 kg. In addition, there is no occurrence of diseases and insect pests in potatoes planted in autumn, and the quality of potatoes planted in autumn is better. This technology solves the technical problem that spring potatoes and autumn potatoes can be planted in the same plot of land in one year, avoids the idleness of spring potato planting land due to crop rotation, effectively improves the utilization rate of continuous planting in the same plot of land, and achieves high and stable yield of potatoes planted in two seasons in the same plot of land, which can bring good economic benefits to farmers.

Claims

1. A method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in a hilly mountainous area, comprising planting potatoes in spring, wherein the planting of potatoes in spring comprises the steps of ① land preparation for planting in spring, ② selection of seed potatoes in spring, ③ disinfection of seed potatoes in spring, ④ sowing of seed potatoes in spring, ⑤ management of the growth period of seed potatoes in spring and ⑥ harvesting of potatoes in spring, characterized in that: After ⑥ spring potato harvesting is completed, autumn potato planting is carried out in the same plot, and the autumn potato planting includes the planting steps of ⑦ autumn planting land preparation, ⑧ autumn seed potato selection, ⑨ autumn seed potato disinfection, ⑩ autumn seed potato sowing, ⑪ autumn seed potato growth period management and ⑫ autumn potato harvesting, wherein the ⑦ autumn planting land preparation is to let the spring potato planting land fallow for 30 to 50 days after the spring potato harvest, and then carry out deep plowing, disinfection and leveling of the autumn potato planting land on the same plot; the autumn seed potato selection ⑧ should select varieties with good disease resistance.

2. The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in a hilly or mountainous area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The autumn seed potato disinfection method (9) is to use a seed dressing agent to disinfect the autumn seed potatoes, and the seed dressing agent is prepared by mixing 450-500g of 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder + 900-1000g of 3% sinomenine wettable powder + 550-700g of 70% propineb wettable powder with 100-150kg of talcum powder, and the mass ratio of the seed dressing agent to the autumn seed potatoes is 1:80-100.

3. The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in a hilly or mountainous area according to claim 1, characterized in that: ⑩ After sowing the seed potatoes in autumn, it is necessary to mix 1% avermectin GR 2-3kg / mu + 2% chlorpyrifos 3-4kg / mu + 3% phoxim GR 3-4kg / mu + 10% thiazolyl GR 1-2kg / mu and sow them together with the base fertilizer.

4. The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in a hilly or mountainous area according to claim 1, characterized in that: ⑪ Management of autumn potato growth period is to irrigate autumn seed potatoes 5 times every 10 to 20 days by drip irrigation under the film after the seed potatoes are sown and the amount of water each time is 15 to 20 m3. 3 / mu.

5. The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The operation method of watering seed potatoes 5 times in autumn is: During the first irrigation, it is necessary to apply medium-element water-soluble fertilizer and 3.5% agricultural polyglutamic acid at the same time. The dosage of medium-element water-soluble fertilizer is 300-400mL / mu, and the dosage of mineral potassium humate is 900-1000 / mu. During the second irrigation, it is necessary to add a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 20-22:20-22:20-22, and the amount of water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements is 5-6kg / mu; During the third irrigation, it is necessary to apply a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 13-15:7-9:40-45. The amount of water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements is 3-4 kg / mu. During the fourth irrigation, it is necessary to add a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 20-22:20-22:20-22, and the amount of water-soluble fertilizer for large amounts of elements is 3-4kg / mu; During the fifth irrigation, it is necessary to apply a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 13-15:7-9:40-45. The amount of the water-soluble fertilizer is 5-6 kg / mu.

6. The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: On the 5th day before the first irrigation, spray the leaves with 687.5g / L fluopicolide·cymoxanil 100mL + 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 120g diluted with 40-50kg of water; On the second day after the first irrigation, use a backpack sprayer to spray the leaves with 60 mL / mu of amino acid foliar fertilizer + 80 mL / mu of zinc fertilizer + 30 mL / mu of 0.004% brassinolide diluted with 30-40 kg of water, or use a plant protection drone to spray 2000 mL / mu of amino acid foliar fertilizer + 2400 mL of zinc fertilizer + 500 mL of 0.004% brassinolide diluted with 100-150 kg of water, and spray the stems and leaves with 1500-1600 mL / mu of liquid; On the fifth day after the first irrigation, use a backpack sprayer to spray the leaves with 120g of 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder + 20mL of 30% Jingjia·Methacyl per mu, diluted with 40-50kg of water, or use a plant protection drone to spray the stems and leaves with 4000g of 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder + 300mL of 30% Jingjia·Methacyl, diluted with 200-250kg of water + 1000mL of adjuvant at a volume of 1500-1600mL per mu; On the fifth day after the second irrigation, use 500g / L fluazinam 25mL / mu + 70% propineb 120g / mu + 687.5g / liter fluazinam·cymoxanil 100mL / mu diluted with 30-40kg of water and spray on the leaves with a manual backpack sprayer, or use a plant protection drone to spray 500g / L fluazinam 600mL + 70% propineb 2000g + 687.5g / liter fluazinam·cymoxanil 1500mL diluted with 100-150kg of water, and spray on the stems and leaves at a volume of 1500-1600mL / mu; On the 10th to 15th day after the third irrigation, spray the leaves with a backpack sprayer according to 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 120g + 10% Zengweiyinglu dispersible oil 50g diluted with 40-50kg of water; On the 10th day after the 4th irrigation, spray the leaves with a backpack sprayer at a ratio of 30 mL of 70% propineb 120 g + 0.004% brassinolide diluted with 40-50 kg of water; Five days after the fifth irrigation, use 687.5g / L fluopicolide·cymoxanil diluted with 40-50kg of water and spray on the leaves with a manual backpack sprayer, or use a plant protection drone to use 687.5g / L fluopicolide·cymoxanil 3000mL + 80% Dasheng M-45 wettable powder 4000g diluted with 200-250kg of water, and spray on stems and leaves at a volume of 1500-1600mL / mu.

7. The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in a hilly or mountainous area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The autumn seed potato selection can choose Lishu No. 6, Yunshu 902 or other early-maturing potato varieties that are purchased from late April to early May and slowly stored in a normal temperature warehouse.

8. The method for planting potatoes twice a year on the same plot in a hilly or mountainous area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spring seed potato disinfection is carried out by mixing with biological microbial agents, wherein the biological microbial agents are mainly composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum, and the mass ratio of the biological microbial agents to the spring seed potatoes is 1:80-100.