Ecological restoration method for mangrove forest with high salinity and high tidal flat

Abstract

The invention provides a high-salinity high-tidal-flat mangrove forest ecological restoration method. The high-salinity high-tidal-flat mangrove forest ecological restoration method comprises the following steps of S1, soil improvement, S2, seedling cultivation, S3, seedling planting, S4, seedling reseeding, S5, bank protection device arrangement and S6, pest control. The soil conditioner is used for improving the soil structure and reducing the soil salinity. Salt-resistant domestication is performed on the seedlings by gradually improving the salinity of irrigation water, so that the salt resistance of the seedlings is improved. Organic fertilizer, ferriporphyrin, abscisic acid and brassinolide are used for providing nutrients for seedlings, osmotic equilibrium in plants is adjusted, opening and closing of air holes are adjusted, plasticity of cell walls is adjusted, and therefore the salt resistance of the plants is enhanced. According to the method, the roots of seedlings are inoculated with the halorhodobryum terbach and the proteobacteria, the halorhodobryum terbach and the proteobacteria terbach form a symbiotic relationship with the roots of plants, a microbial community is formed, and the absorption efficiency of the plants to nutrients in soil is According to the method, the planting survival rate and the plant growth rate are improved through the multi-way overall synergistic effect, and then the biological diversity is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to a method for ecological restoration of mangroves on high-salinity high-tide beaches. Background Art

[0002] Mangroves, a unique tropical coastal forest belt, are a beautiful landscape in nature. They are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical coastal intertidal zones. Mangroves are not only a natural barrier to the coastline, but also can prevent wind and sand, purify seawater, and are the habitat of many marine organisms. They play a vital role in maintaining the balance of marine ecology. However, in recent years, due to the impact of human activities, mangroves have faced serious threats. Sea reclamation, pond enclosure, aquaculture pollution, overfishing and other behaviors have led to a continuous reduction in the area of ​​mangroves and a gradual degradation of their ecological functions. This not only affects the safety of coastal residents, but also destroys marine biodiversity and has an adverse impact on global climate change. Therefore, the ecological restoration of mangroves is imminent. Restoring mangroves means restoring their functions of preventing wind and sand, purifying the environment, providing a wider habitat for marine organisms, and also providing humans with a safer living environment. In addition, mangroves are also important carbon sinks, which are of great significance for alleviating global warming. Therefore, the ecological restoration of mangroves is not only related to the ecological environment, but also a strong guarantee for the future sustainable development of the earth. Among them, due to the intensive human activities in the high tide beach area, the damage to mangroves is more serious. Moreover, due to the high salinity and strong wave scouring in the high tide beach area, the survival rate of mangrove seedlings is low during restoration. Currently, there is no special restoration method for mangroves in high-salinity high tide beaches. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention proposes a method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches to solve the above problems.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows: a method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0005] S1. Soil improvement: Sprinkle soil conditioner on the high-salinity high-tide beach area to be restored, plow the soil, and mix the soil conditioner and soil evenly;

[0006] S2. Seedling cultivation: Select the original true mangrove plant varieties and semi-mangrove plant varieties in the area to be restored as seedlings for cultivation, take the soil from the area to be restored, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide and mix them evenly to make a cultivation soil, plant the true mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants in the cultivation soil, and cultivate true mangrove plant seedlings and semi-mangrove plant seedlings with a seedling height of 40-50 cm;

[0007] S3. Seedling planting: dig planting holes, apply organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, brassinolide into the planting holes and cover with soil for planting. After the tide recedes in the morning, mix the true mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings; interplant one or a combination of Suaeda salsa, Chenopodium album, Saddle vine, Portulaca oleracea, Liverwort, and Calabash moss under the seedlings;

[0008] S4. Replanting of seedlings: Replant the unsuccessful seedlings within 30-50 days after planting.

[0009] S5. Installing a revetment device: Install a revetment device 80-100 cm offshore from the area to be repaired, wherein the revetment device is an oyster reef;

[0010] S6. Pest and disease control: Control the female gall borer of the mangrove, the hairy-jawed moth of the tung tree, the beautiful green spiny moth, and the white shield scale of Cox, using a combination of physical and chemical control.

[0011] Furthermore, the soil conditioner in S1 is composed of bamboo charcoal powder, bentonite, sepiolite powder, humic acid, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of (4-6):(3-5):(2-4):(3-5):(0.5-1.0):(0.5-1.0), and the amount of the soil conditioner used is 150-200 kg / mu.

[0012] Furthermore, the true mangrove plants in S2 are at least two combinations of Kandelia ovata, Tung tree, Lacquer, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Hylocereus rubra, Caryophyllaceae, and Sea mulberry, and the semi-mangrove plants are one or several combinations of Aralia argyrifolia, Pongamia chinensis, Xu tree, Mangosteen, Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Hibiscus sibiricus.

[0013] Furthermore, the mass volume ratios g / mL of the soil in the restoration area, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide in the cultivation soil in S2 are (10-12):(4-6):(0.5-1.0):(0.4-0.6):(0.4-0.6).

[0014] Furthermore, when cultivating the seedlings in S2, Halordobacterium terbandzikh and Proteobacteria are inoculated at the roots of the seedlings. The Proteobacteria are extracted from the soil in the area to be restored, and the Proteobacteria are one of α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, and γ-Proteobacteria.

[0015] Furthermore, when cultivating seedlings in S2, water with a saline solution with a salinity of 5-10‰ in the 1st and 2nd weeks of cultivation, water with a saline solution of 11-15‰ in the 3rd and 4th weeks of cultivation, water with a saline solution of 16-20‰ in the 5th and 6th weeks of cultivation, water with a saline solution of 21-25‰ in the 7th and 8th weeks of cultivation, water with a saline solution of 26-30‰ in the 9th and 10th weeks of cultivation, water with a saline solution of 31-35‰ in the 11th and 12th weeks of cultivation, and water with a saline solution of 36-40‰ from the 13th week of cultivation until the seedlings are grown.

[0016] Furthermore, the size of the planting hole in S3 is 20-25 cm long, 20-25 cm wide, and 15-20 cm deep. The amount of organic fertilizer applied to each planting hole is 80-100 g, the amount of iron porphyrin applied is 3-5 g, the amount of abscisic acid applied is 1-3 g, and the amount of brassinolide applied is 0.5-1.5 g.

[0017] Furthermore, the planting density in S3 is 300-600 trees / mu, and the mixed planting ratio of true mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings is (2-3):1.

[0018] Furthermore, in S5, the oyster reefs are set in two layers parallel to the coastline, and the spaces between the oyster reefs are filled with oyster shells.

[0019] Furthermore, in S6, the physical control is carried out by using a frequency-oscillation insecticidal lamp, and the wavelength of the frequency-oscillation insecticidal lamp is set to 300-400nm, the installation height of the frequency-oscillation insecticidal lamp is 1.8-2.2m, and a frequency-oscillation insecticidal lamp is set every 1-2km.

[0020] Furthermore, the chemical control in S6 is spraying biological pesticides, and the biological pesticides are composed of azadirachtin, matrine, and tea saponin in a mass ratio of (3-5):(2-4):(1-2), and the amount of the biological pesticide used is 80-100 g / mu.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention improves the soil in the high-salinity tidal flats of mangroves to be restored, improves the soil structure, reduces soil salinity, improves soil fertility, and enhances soil water retention capacity through soil conditioners, thereby improving the survival rate of seedling planting, increasing plant growth rate, and increasing biodiversity. When cultivating seedlings, local true mangrove plant varieties and semi-mangrove plant varieties are selected, which are more adaptable to the local planting environment, reduce the risk of invasion of alien species, and improve the survival rate of planting and biodiversity. When cultivating seedlings, the seedlings are tamed to salt resistance by gradually increasing the salinity of irrigation water, thereby improving the salt resistance of seedlings, and thus the survival rate of planting is improved. At the same time, when cultivating seedlings, the soil in the area to be restored is used as the cultivation base soil so that the adaptability of seedlings is improved during subsequent planting, and the survival rate of planting is also improved. When cultivating seedlings, by combining the inoculation of Terbanzih salt red bacteria and Proteobacteria at the roots of the seedlings, a symbiotic relationship is formed with the roots of the plants, and a microbial community is formed at the roots. Under the synergistic effect of the microbial community, the efficiency of plant absorption of nutrients in the soil is improved, and the plants are helped to resist salt and other environmental pressures, thereby increasing the survival rate of planting and the growth rate of plants, and further improving biodiversity. Organic fertilizers, iron porphyrins, abscisic acid, and brassinolide are used during seedling cultivation and planting. The organic fertilizer provides nutrients for the seedlings to promote seedling growth. Iron porphyrins participate in regulating the osmotic balance in the plant body and help cells maintain normal physiological functions, thereby improving the adaptability of mangrove plants in high-salt environments, thereby enhancing the plant's stress resistance and survival rate. Abscisic acid can reduce water evaporation by regulating the opening and closing of stomata, helping plants maintain water balance, thereby improving the adaptability of plants to high-salt environments. Rapeseed lactone regulates the plasticity of the cell wall and increases the elongation ability of cells, thereby helping mangrove plants grow normally under high-salt conditions. The present invention combines physical control with chemical control in pest control, and adopts an insecticide composed of azadirachtin, matrine and tea saponin, which can effectively kill pests and is non-toxic to organisms in the water, thereby helping to promote the healthy growth of plants and maintain biodiversity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate the present invention.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional methods.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the embodiments of the present invention can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A method for ecological restoration of mangroves on a high-salinity high-tide beach, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0027] S1. Soil improvement: Sprinkle a soil conditioner consisting of bamboo charcoal powder, bentonite, sepiolite powder, humic acid, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 4:3:2:3:0.5:0.5 on the high-salinity tidal flat area to be restored. The amount of soil conditioner used is 150kg / mu. Plow the soil to mix the soil conditioner and soil evenly.

[0028] S2. Seedling cultivation: Select the original true mangrove plant varieties and semi-mangrove plant varieties in the area to be restored as seedlings for cultivation, among which the true mangrove plants are a 1:1 combination of Kandelia ovata and Tung tree, and the semi-mangrove plants are silver leaf trees. Take the soil from the restoration area, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide and mix them evenly to make cultivation soil. The mass volume ratio of soil from the restoration area, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide in the cultivation soil is 10:4:0.5:0.4:0.4. Inoculate the roots of the seedlings with Terbanzikh salt red bacteria and α-proteobacteria, and the α-proteobacteria are extracted from the soil in the area to be restored. The true mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants were planted in cultivation soil and cultivated into true mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings with a height of 40 cm; when cultivating the seedlings, watered with a saline solution with a salinity of 5‰ in the 1st to 2nd week of cultivation, 11‰ in the 3rd to 4th week of cultivation, 16‰ in the 5th to 6th week of cultivation, 21‰ in the 7th to 8th week of cultivation, 26‰ in the 9th to 10th week of cultivation, 31‰ in the 11th to 12th week of cultivation, and 36‰ in the 13th week of cultivation until the seedlings are cultivated.

[0029] S3. Seedling planting: dig a planting hole of 20cm in length, 20cm in width and 15cm in depth, apply organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid and brassinolide into the planting hole and cover the soil for planting. The amount of organic fertilizer applied to each planting hole is 80g, the amount of iron porphyrin applied is 3g, the amount of abscisic acid applied is 1g, and the amount of brassinolide applied is 0.5g. After the tide recedes in the morning, the true mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings are mixed and planted at a planting density of 300 trees / mu. The mixed planting ratio of true mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings is 2:1, and Suaeda salsa is interplanted under the seedlings.

[0030] S4. Replanting of seedlings: Replant the unsuccessful seedlings within 30 days after planting.

[0031] S5. Set up bank protection devices: Set up bank protection devices 80cm offshore from the area to be repaired. The bank protection devices are oyster reefs. The oyster reefs are set up in two layers parallel to the coastline, and the space between the oyster reefs is filled with oyster shells.

[0032] S6. Pest and disease control: For the prevention and control of the sea olive female tumor moth, the tung tree hairy jawed moth, the beautiful green caterpillar, and the white shield scale of Cox, physical control and chemical control are combined. Physical control is to use frequency vibration insecticidal lamps for prevention and control, and the wavelength of the frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is set to 300nm. The installation height of the frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is 1.8m, and one frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is set every 1km. Chemical control is to spray biological insecticides, and the biological insecticides are composed of azadirachtin, matrine, and tea saponin in a mass ratio of 3:2:1. The amount of biological insecticide used is 80g / mu.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] A method for ecological restoration of mangroves on a high-salinity high-tide beach, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0035] S1. Soil improvement: Sprinkle a soil conditioner consisting of bamboo charcoal powder, bentonite, sepiolite powder, humic acid, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 5:4:3:4:0.8:0.8 on the high-salinity tidal flat area to be restored. The amount of soil conditioner used is 175kg / mu. Plow the soil to mix the soil conditioner and soil evenly.

[0036] S2. Seedling cultivation: Select the original true mangrove plant varieties and semi-mangrove plant varieties in the area to be restored as seedlings for cultivation, among which the true mangrove plants are a 1:1:1 combination of sea lacquer, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and red sea orchid, and the semi-mangrove plants are a 1:1:1 combination of water pongamia, Xushu, and sea mango. Take the soil from the area to be restored, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide and mix them evenly to make a cultivation soil. The mass volume ratio of soil from the area to be restored, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide in the cultivation soil is 11:5:0.8:0.5:0.5. Inoculate the roots of the seedlings with Terbanzih salt red bacteria and β-proteobacteria, and the β-proteobacteria are extracted from the soil in the area to be restored. The true mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants were planted in cultivation soil and cultivated into true mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings with a seedling height of 45 cm; when cultivating the seedlings, they were irrigated with a saline solution with a salinity of 7.5‰ in the 1st and 2nd weeks of cultivation, 13‰ in the 3rd and 4th weeks of cultivation, 18‰ in the 5th and 6th weeks of cultivation, 23‰ in the 7th and 8th weeks of cultivation, 28‰ in the 9th and 10th weeks of cultivation, 33‰ in the 11th and 12th weeks of cultivation, and 38‰ in the 13th week of cultivation until the seedlings are cultivated.

[0037] S3. Seedling planting: dig a planting hole with a length of 22cm, a width of 22cm and a depth of 17cm. Apply organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid and brassinolide to the planting hole and cover it with soil. The amount of organic fertilizer applied to each planting hole is 90g, the amount of iron porphyrin applied is 4g, the amount of abscisic acid applied is 2g, and the amount of brassinolide applied is 1.0g. After the tide recedes in the morning, the real mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings are mixed and planted. The planting density is 450 trees / mu, and the mixed planting ratio of real mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings is 2.5:1. Under the seedlings, interplant seaside quinoa, saddle vine and liverwort.

[0038] S4. Replanting of seedlings: Replant the unsuccessful seedlings within 40 days after planting.

[0039] S5. Set up bank protection devices: Set up bank protection devices 90cm offshore from the area to be repaired. The bank protection devices are oyster reefs. The oyster reefs are set up in two layers parallel to the coastline, and the space between the oyster reefs is filled with oyster shells.

[0040] S6. Pest and disease control: For the prevention and control of the sea olive female tumor moth, the tung tree hairy jawed moth, the beautiful green caterpillar, and the white shield scale of Cox, physical control and chemical control are combined. Physical control is to use frequency vibration insecticidal lamps for prevention and control, and the wavelength of the frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is set to 350nm. The installation height of the frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is 2.0m, and one frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is set every 1.5km. Chemical control is to spray biological insecticides, and the biological insecticides are composed of azadirachtin, matrine, and tea saponin in a mass ratio of 4:3:1.5, and the amount of biological insecticides used is 90g / mu.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] A method for ecological restoration of mangroves on a high-salinity high-tide beach, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0043] S1. Soil improvement: Sprinkle a soil conditioner consisting of bamboo charcoal powder, bentonite, sepiolite powder, humic acid, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of 6:5:4:5:1.0:1.0 on the high-salinity tidal flat area to be restored. The amount of soil conditioner used is 200kg / mu. Plow the soil to mix the soil conditioner and soil evenly.

[0044] S2. Seedling cultivation: Select the original true mangrove plant varieties and semi-mangrove plant varieties in the area to be restored as seedlings for cultivation, among which the true mangrove plants are a 1:1 combination of hornberry and sea mulberry, and the semi-mangrove plants are a 1:1 combination of yellow hibiscus and Yangye Xiaojin. Take the soil from the area to be restored, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide and mix them evenly to make a cultivation soil. The mass volume ratio of soil from the area to be restored, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide in the cultivation soil is 12:6:1.0:0.6:0.6. Inoculate the roots of the seedlings with Terbanzih salt red bacteria and γ-proteobacteria, and the γ-proteobacteria are extracted from the soil in the area to be restored. The true mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants were planted in cultivation soil and cultivated into true mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings with a seedling height of 50 cm; when cultivating the seedlings, watered with a saline solution with a salinity of 10‰ in the 1st to 2nd week of cultivation, watered with a saline solution of 15‰ in the 3rd to 4th week of cultivation, watered with a saline solution of 20‰ in the 5th to 6th week of cultivation, watered with a saline solution of 25‰ in the 7th to 8th week of cultivation, watered with a saline solution of 30‰ in the 9th to 10th week of cultivation, watered with a saline solution of 35‰ in the 11th to 12th week of cultivation, and watered with a saline solution of 40‰ from the 13th week of cultivation until the seedlings are cultivated.

[0045] S3. Seedling planting: dig a planting hole of 25cm in length, 25cm in width and 20cm in depth, apply organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid and brassinolide into the planting hole and cover the soil for planting. The amount of organic fertilizer applied to each planting hole is 100g, the amount of iron porphyrin applied is 5g, the amount of abscisic acid applied is 3g, and the amount of brassinolide applied is 1.5g. After the tide recedes in the morning, the real mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings are mixed and planted, with a planting density of 600 trees / mu, and the mixed planting ratio of real mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings is 3:1. Seahorse teeth and gourd moss are interplanted under the seedlings.

[0046] S4. Replanting of seedlings: Replant the unsuccessful seedlings within 50 days after planting.

[0047] S5. Set up bank protection devices: Set up bank protection devices 100 cm offshore from the area to be repaired. The bank protection devices are oyster reefs. The oyster reefs are set up in two layers parallel to the coastline, and the space between the oyster reefs is filled with oyster shells.

[0048] S6. Pest and disease control: For the prevention and control of the sea olive female tumor moth, the tung tree hairy jawed moth, the beautiful green caterpillar, and the white shield scale of Cox, physical control and chemical control are combined. Physical control is to use frequency vibration insecticidal lamps for prevention and control, and the wavelength of the frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is set to 400nm. The installation height of the frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is 2.2m, and one frequency vibration insecticidal lamp is set every 2km. Chemical control is to spray biological insecticides, and the biological insecticides are composed of azadirachtin, matrine, and tea saponin in a mass ratio of 5:4:2, and the amount of biological insecticides used is 100g / mu.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] Compared with Example 2, the difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the seedling cultivation soil in S2 is composed of soil from the restoration area and organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 12:6. In S3, only organic fertilizer is applied to the planting holes, and the amount of organic fertilizer applied to each planting hole is 90g.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] Compared with Example 2, the difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the seedling cultivation soil in S2 is composed of soil from the area to be repaired, organic fertilizer, abscisic acid, and brassinolide in a mass volume ratio of 12:6:0.6:0.6 g / mL. Organic fertilizer, abscisic acid, and brassinolide are applied to the planting holes in S3, with the amount of organic fertilizer applied to each planting hole being 90 g, the amount of abscisic acid applied being 2 g, and the amount of rapeseed lactone applied being 1 g.

[0053] Comparative Example 3

[0054] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that, when the S2 seedlings are cultivated, fungi are not inoculated at the roots of the seedlings.

[0055] Comparative Example 4

[0056] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that tap water is used for irrigation during the cultivation of S2 seedlings.

[0057] Comparative Example 5

[0058] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that no soil improvement step is performed in the method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches, that is, no soil conditioner is used to improve the soil in the high-salinity high-tide beach area.

[0059] Repair effect confirmation

[0060] The high-salinity high-tide beach mangrove restoration area selected in Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province was divided into 8 blocks of equal area, and the mangrove ecological restoration was carried out according to the restoration methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5. One year later, the survival rate of the first seedling planting of mangroves in the restoration area, i.e., the replanting was not included in the statistics, the average plant height, and the number of new organisms were counted. The statistical results are shown in Table 1.

[0061] Table 1

[0062]

[0063] By comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 1, Example 2 uses iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide in seedling cultivation and planting, wherein iron porphyrin helps cells maintain normal physiological functions by participating in regulating the osmotic balance in the plant body, thereby improving the adaptability of mangrove plants in high-salt environments. At the same time, iron porphyrin can absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy to provide energy for plants. In a high-salt environment, the photosynthesis of plants may be inhibited, resulting in insufficient energy supply. By using iron porphyrin, the photosynthesis of mangrove plants can be promoted, and their energy production efficiency can be improved, thereby enhancing the growth and survival rate of plants. In addition, iron porphyrin also regulates hormone synthesis in the plant body, so that the plant can make a more effective physiological response when responding to high-salt stress, thereby enhancing the salt resistance of mangrove plants. Abscisic acid can reduce water evaporation by regulating the opening and closing of stomata, helping plants maintain water balance, thereby improving the adaptability of plants to high-salt environments. Secondly, abscisic acid can induce the expression of stress resistance genes in plants, thereby enhancing the tolerance of plant cells to high-salt environments. By using abscisic acid, the stress resistance mechanism of mangrove plants can be stimulated, allowing them to grow normally in a high-salt environment. Rapeseed lactone helps mangrove plants grow normally under high-salt conditions by regulating the plasticity of cell walls and increasing the elongation capacity of cells. Secondly, rapeseed lactone can induce the activity of antioxidant enzymes in plants, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, thereby effectively removing reactive oxygen, protecting cells from oxidative damage, and enhancing the antioxidant capacity of mangrove plants. In addition, rapeseed lactone promotes the absorption of beneficial ions and the efflux of harmful ions by regulating the activity of ion channels and transporters, thereby maintaining ion homeostasis in cells and reducing the damage of salt stress to plant cells. Therefore, through the compound use of organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide, the synergistic effect of each component can effectively improve the survival rate of planting and the growth rate of plants, thereby attracting shrimp, fish, crabs, birds and other organisms to inhabit and reproduce, thereby improving biodiversity.

[0064] By comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 2, the survival rate, plant height, and number of newly added organisms in the absence of iron porphyrin all decreased to varying degrees. It can be seen that iron porphyrin plays an indispensable role in the restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches. Only through the cooperation of iron porphyrin and other ingredients can the salt resistance of plants be better improved, thereby improving the survival rate and plant height of planting, and further increasing the number of newly added organisms.

[0065] By comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 3, Example 2 forms a symbiotic relationship between the roots of mangrove plants by combining inoculation of Terbanzih salt red bacteria and Proteus at the roots of seedlings during seedling cultivation, which can help the roots of plants absorb and utilize water and nutrients better and maintain the normal physiological functions of plants. Terbanzih salt red bacteria can also produce some beneficial metabolites, stimulate the growth of mangrove plants, and enhance their stress resistance. When Terbanzih salt red bacteria is used in combination with Proteus, the symbiotic effect is further enhanced, and a microbial community is formed at the root. Under the synergistic effect of the microbial community, the absorption efficiency of nutrients in the soil by plants is improved, and plants are helped to resist salt and other environmental pressures, so that the planting survival rate and plant height are improved, and the number of newly added organisms is also improved.

[0066] By comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 4, Example 2 acclimates the seedlings to salt resistance by gradually increasing the salinity of irrigation water during seedling cultivation, thereby improving the salt resistance of the seedlings. The seedlings that have been acclimated to salt resistance have gradually adapted to the high-salinity environment, so when planted in a high-salinity environment such as a high-salinity high-tide beach, their survival rate and growth conditions will be significantly better than those of unacclimated seedlings. When seedlings can better adapt to the high-salinity environment and thrive, they are more likely to attract and support the habitat and reproduction of other organisms, thereby forming a more complex and stable ecosystem, so the number of new organisms will also increase.

[0067] By comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 5, the bamboo charcoal powder in the soil conditioner can improve soil texture, absorb soil salt, increase soil air permeability and water retention, and provide a better growth environment for the root system of plants. Bentonite can enhance the aggregate structure of soil, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil, reduce the accumulation of salt in the soil surface, and help the extension and fixation of plant roots. Sepiolite powder can effectively adjust the pH value of soil, making it more suitable for plant growth. Humic acid can provide plants with abundant organic matter and trace elements, and can also promote the activity of soil microorganisms and improve soil fertility. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria can convert nitrogen in the air into nitrogen forms that can be used by plants, providing plants with necessary nitrogen fertilizers. Phosphate-dissolving bacteria can convert the insoluble phosphorus in the soil into soluble phosphorus, improve the effectiveness of phosphorus in the soil, and help plants absorb and utilize phosphorus. Therefore, through the compounding of bamboo charcoal powder, bentonite, sepiolite powder, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-dissolving bacteria, the planting survival rate and plant height are effectively improved, and the number of newly added organisms is also increased.

[0068] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Soil improvement: Sprinkle soil conditioner on the high-salinity high-tide beach area to be restored, plow the soil, and mix the soil conditioner and soil evenly; S2. Seedling cultivation: Select the original true mangrove plant varieties and semi-mangrove plant varieties in the area to be restored as seedlings for cultivation, take the soil from the area to be restored, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide and mix them evenly to make a cultivation soil, plant the true mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants in the cultivation soil, and cultivate true mangrove plant seedlings and semi-mangrove plant seedlings with a seedling height of 40-50 cm; S3. Planting seedlings: digging planting holes, applying organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid, and brassinolide into the planting holes and covering with soil for planting, and planting the true mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings in a mixed manner after the tide recedes in the morning; interplanting one or a combination of Suaeda salsa, Chenopodium album, Saddle vine, Portulaca oleracea, Liverwort, and Cucurbita moss under the seedlings; S4. Replanting of seedlings: Replant the unsuccessful seedlings within 30-50 days after planting. S5. Setting up a revetment device: Setting up a revetment device 80-100 cm offshore from the area to be repaired, wherein the revetment device is an oyster reef; S6. Pest and disease control: Control the female gall borer of the mangrove, the hairy-jawed moth of the tung tree, the beautiful green spiny moth, and the white shield scale of Cox, using a combination of physical and chemical control.

2. A method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The soil conditioner in S1 is composed of bamboo charcoal powder, bentonite, sepiolite powder, humic acid, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in a mass ratio of (4-6):(3-5):(2-4):(3-5):(0.5-1.0):(0.5-1.0), and the usage of the soil conditioner is 150-200 kg / mu.

3. A method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The true mangrove plants in S2 are at least two combinations of Kandelia ovata, Tung Blossom Tree, Lacquer, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Hylocereus rubra, Caryophyllaceae, and Sonneratia salsa, and the semi-mangrove plants are one or several combinations of Aralia argyrifolia, Pongamia odorifera, Xu Shu, Mangosteen, Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Hibiscus sibiricus.

4. A method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The mass volume ratios of the soil in the repaired area, organic fertilizer, iron porphyrin, abscisic acid and brassinolide in the cultivation soil in S2 are (10-12):(4-6):(0.5-1.0):(0.4-0.6):(0.4-0.6).

5. The method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the cultivation of seedlings in S2, Halordobacterium terbandzikh and Proteobacteria are inoculated at the roots of the seedlings, wherein the Proteobacteria are extracted from the soil in the area to be restored, and the Proteobacteria are one of α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, and γ-Proteobacteria; a saline solution with a salinity of 5-10‰ is irrigated in the 1st to 2nd week of cultivation, a saline solution of 11-15‰ is irrigated in the 3rd to 4th week of cultivation, a saline solution of 16-20‰ is irrigated in the 5th to 6th week of cultivation, a saline solution of 21-25‰ is irrigated in the 7th to 8th week of cultivation, a saline solution of 26-30‰ is irrigated in the 9th to 10th week of cultivation, a saline solution of 31-35‰ is irrigated in the 11th to 12th week of cultivation, and a saline solution of 36-40‰ is irrigated from the 13th week of cultivation until the seedlings are grown.

6. A method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The planting hole size in S3 is 20-25cm long, 20-25cm wide and 15-20cm deep. The amount of organic fertilizer applied to each planting hole is 80-100g, the amount of iron porphyrin applied is 3-5g, the amount of abscisic acid applied is 1-3g, and the amount of brassinolide applied is 0.5-1.5g.

7. A method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The planting density in S3 is 300-600 trees / mu, and the mixed planting ratio of true mangrove seedlings and semi-mangrove seedlings is (2-3):

1.

8. The method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S5, the oyster reefs are arranged in two layers parallel to the coastline, and the spaces between the oyster reefs are filled with oyster shells.

9. A method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The physical control in S6 is to use a frequency-oscillation insecticidal lamp for control. The wavelength of the frequency-oscillation insecticidal lamp is set to 300-400nm. The installation height of the frequency-oscillation insecticidal lamp is 1.8-2.2m, and a frequency-oscillation insecticidal lamp is set every 1-2km.

10. The method for ecological restoration of mangroves in high-salinity high-tide beaches according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chemical control in S6 is spraying a biological insecticide, which is composed of azadirachtin, matrine and tea saponin in a mass ratio of (3-5):(2-4):(1-2), and the amount of the biological insecticide used is 80-100 g / mu.

Images