Ultrasonic wind meter and anti-freezing method thereof
By setting two independent ohmic components in the emission and reflection disc of the ultrasonic air detector, and using balanced heating and power redistribution technology, the problem of ultrasonic air detector freezing in low-temperature ice and snow and freezing rain environments is solved, ensuring the normal operation of the instrument and efficient wind measurement.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411791889.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-25
AI Technical Summary
Ultrasonic wind measuring instruments are prone to freezing in low temperature ice, snow, freezing rain and other weather environments, resulting in the inability to achieve normal wind measurement, affecting production and life.
An ultrasonic air meter is designed, using two relatively independent ohmic elements in the emission and reflection discs, and arranged in annular arrangement and spaced to ensure heating equality. The instrument ensures the normal operation of the ultrasonic air meter through balanced heating control instructions and power redistribution control instructions in a low temperature environment.
It effectively avoids the occurrence of anti-freeze failure and ensures that the ultrasonic air meter can operate normally in a freezing environment. Even if a set of ohmic components cannot work properly, the instrument can maintain normal operation in extreme cases.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic measurement, and in particular to an ultrasonic anemometer and an anti-freezing method thereof. Background Art
[0002] Ultrasonic anemometers have the advantages of no moving and wearing parts, no need for regular calibration, high measurement accuracy and long service life. They came into being and are widely used in wind power generation, environmental monitoring, meteorology, rail transit and other industries. The ultrasonic anemometers on the market are wind measuring instruments based on the principle that the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the air changes with wind speed. For example, the measurement of wind speed and wind direction is based on the principle of ultrasonic time difference method.
[0003] Due to the unique structure of ultrasonic anemometers and the fact that they are mostly operated outdoors, they are affected by weather factors that cannot be ignored. For example, ultrasonic anemometers are extremely prone to freezing in extremely low-temperature weather environments such as ice, snow, and freezing rain, and cannot measure wind normally, which in turn has a serious impact on production and life. Based on the above problems, the present invention proposes an ultrasonic anemometer that can stably and effectively operate normally, especially in low-temperature weather environments such as ice, snow, and freezing rain. Summary of the invention
[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic anemometer and an anti-freezing method thereof in view of the defects existing in the above-mentioned background technology.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, one of the present invention is an ultrasonic anemometer, comprising: a base; a transmitting plate fixed on the base, an ultrasonic probe and a pillar are arranged on the top of the transmitting plate; a reflecting plate fixed on the other end of the pillar and used to reflect the ultrasonic signal emitted by the ultrasonic probe; a top cover buckled on the reflecting plate, the ultrasonic anemometer further comprising: a plurality of first ohmic elements connected in series and a plurality of second ohmic elements connected in series arranged in a ring-shaped arrangement in the top gap space formed by the top cover and the reflecting plate, and the first ohmic elements and the second ohmic elements are arranged at intervals; and a plurality of third ohmic elements connected in series and a plurality of fourth ohmic elements connected in series arranged in a ring-shaped arrangement in the top gap space formed by the transmitting plate and the base, and the third ohmic elements and the fourth ohmic elements are arranged at intervals.
[0006] Furthermore, a control board and an interface board which are stacked and electrically connected are disposed inside the base, and the control board is electrically connected to the first ohmic element, the second ohmic element, the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element respectively.
[0007] Furthermore, the first ohmic element and the second ohmic element are electrically connected to the corresponding control board through a first busbar disposed at the center of the reflective disk; the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element are electrically connected to the corresponding control board through a second busbar disposed at the center of the emitting disk.
[0008] Furthermore, a plurality of annularly arranged grooves suitable for embedding the first ohmic element and the second ohmic element are provided at positions of the reflective disk corresponding to the first ohmic element and the second ohmic element, and the grooves are combined with the lower end surface of the top cover to form a top gap space, and the first ohmic element and the second ohmic element are mounted in the grooves. When the top cover is buckled on the reflective disk, the restrictions of the top cover and the grooves are constrained by the combination of the grooves and the lower end surface of the top cover to form a top gap space.
[0009] Furthermore, a plurality of annularly arranged grooves suitable for embedding the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element are provided at a portion of the lower end of the transmitting disk corresponding to the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element, and the ultrasonic anemometer further comprises a pressure plate fixed at the lower end of the transmitting disk, the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element are pressed between the pressure plate and the groove step, and the pressure plate is fixed at the lower end of the transmitting disk.
[0010] Furthermore, the ultrasonic anemometer also includes an aviation plug arranged at the bottom of the base and matching the interface of the peripheral cable line, and the aviation plug is further electrically connected to the interface board.
[0011] Furthermore, the ultrasonic anemometer further includes: a first temperature sensor arranged on the reflecting plate; a second temperature sensor arranged on the transmitting plate; and a signal acquisition board electrically connected to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor; the signal acquisition board is respectively provided with a first temperature signal acquisition module electrically connected to the first temperature sensor and a second temperature signal acquisition module electrically connected to the second temperature sensor.
[0012] Furthermore, the control board, the interface board and the signal acquisition board are electrically connected and arranged in a stacked manner along the installation direction, the signal acquisition board is arranged above the control board and parallel to the control board, and the interface board is stacked below the control board and parallel to the control boards.
[0013] Furthermore, the ultrasonic anemometer further includes: a timing module arranged on the control panel, at least used to feedback to the main control module arranged on the control panel the heating time of the first ohmic element, the second ohmic element, the third ohmic element, and the fourth ohmic element according to the preset constant heating power.
[0014] Furthermore, the control board is respectively provided with a first power selection circuit electrically connected to the first ohmic element, a second power selection circuit electrically connected to the second ohmic element, a third power selection circuit electrically connected to the third ohmic element, and a fourth power selection circuit electrically connected to the fourth ohmic element; the first power selection circuit, the second power selection circuit, the third power selection circuit, and the fourth power selection circuit are electrically connected to a power distribution module provided on the control board, and the power distribution module is used to respond to the balanced heating control instruction or the power redistribution control instruction generated by the main control module and control the first power selection circuit, the second power selection circuit, the third power selection circuit, and the fourth power selection circuit.
[0015] Furthermore, a first power selection circuit corresponds to a number of first ohmic elements connected in series; a second power selection circuit corresponds to a number of second ohmic elements connected in series; a third power selection circuit corresponds to a number of third ohmic elements connected in series; a fourth power selection circuit corresponds to a number of fourth ohmic elements connected in series; the first power selection circuit, the second power selection circuit, the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit each include a power regulation branch and a constant power branch.
[0016] Furthermore, the first output end of the first power selection circuit and the second power selection circuit is connected to one end of the current limiting module or the pulse width modulation circuit, and the other end of the current limiting module or the pulse width modulation circuit is connected to the corresponding first ohmic element and the second ohmic element to respectively constitute the power regulation branches of the first power selection circuit and the second power selection circuit; the second output end of the power selection circuit is directly connected to the other end of the corresponding first ohmic element and the second ohmic element to constitute a constant power branch.
[0017] Furthermore, the power regulation branches of the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit are configured as adjustable resistance circuits, the first output ends of the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit are connected to one end of the adjustable resistance circuit, and the other end of the adjustable resistance circuit is connected to the corresponding third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element to respectively constitute the power regulation branches of the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit; the second output end of the power selection circuit is directly connected to the other end of the corresponding third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element to constitute a constant power branch.
[0018] A second method for anti-freezing an ultrasonic anemometer of the present invention further comprises:
[0019] In response to the anemometer anti-freezing trigger event, the main control module triggers and generates a balanced heating control instruction;
[0020] The power distribution module controls the first ohmic element, the second ohmic element, the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element to heat according to a preset constant heating power in response to the balanced heating control instruction;
[0021] The main control module triggers and generates a power redistribution control instruction in response to a heating duration trigger event. The power distribution module controls the first ohmic element and / or the second ohmic element to heat according to the first preset heating power, and controls the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element to heat according to the second preset heating power according to the power redistribution instruction.
[0022] Furthermore, the anemometer anti-freezing trigger event is configured as a trigger signal for starting heating issued by the host computer to the ultrasonic anemometer, as a trigger signal generated when the temperature signal collected by the first temperature sensor or the second temperature sensor is lower than a first preset temperature, or as a trigger signal generated when the external temperature is lower than a second preset temperature.
[0023] Furthermore, the heating duration trigger event is configured as a trigger signal generated when the actual heating duration of the first ohmic element, the second ohmic element, the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element heating according to the preset constant heating power exceeds the preset heating duration.
[0024] Furthermore, in response to the balanced heating control instruction, the constant power branches of the first power selection circuit and the second power selection circuit are selected to control the first ohmic element and the second ohmic element to perform balanced heating according to the preset constant heating power; the power distribution module responds to the balanced heating control instruction and the constant power branches of the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit are selected to control the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element to perform balanced heating according to the preset constant heating power.
[0025] Furthermore, the power distribution module controls the first power selection circuit and / or the second power selection circuit to perform heating control on the corresponding first ohmic element and / or the second ohmic element according to the power redistribution control instruction and the first preset heating power.
[0026] Further, the power distribution module is configured to simultaneously enable the power regulation branch of the first power selection circuit and the power regulation branch of the second power selection circuit according to the power redistribution control instruction and the first preset heating power; or the power distribution module is configured to control one of the constant power branches in the first power selection circuit and the second power selection circuit to be continuously in the enabled state and the other constant power branch to be shut down according to the power redistribution control instruction.
[0027] Furthermore, the power distribution module controls the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit to perform heating control on the corresponding third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element according to the power redistribution control instruction and the second preset heating power.
[0028] Further, the power distribution module is configured to simultaneously enable the power regulation branch of the third power selection circuit and the power regulation branch of the fourth power selection circuit according to the power redistribution control instruction; or the power distribution module is configured to keep one of the constant power branches in the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit in the enabled state according to the power redistribution control instruction and according to the second preset heating power, and the other constant power branch is switched from the enabled state to the disabled state, and the corresponding power regulation branch is switched from the disabled state to the enabled state.
[0029] In summary, the present invention provides an ultrasonic anemometer and an anti-freezing method thereof, which can implement different modes of heating according to different heating needs, and at the same time, two sets of relatively independent ohmic elements are set in the transmitting disk and the reflecting disk, which can ensure the normal operation of the ultrasonic anemometer in a low-temperature freezing environment, avoiding the occurrence of anti-freezing failure. The two sets of relatively independent ohmic elements in the transmitting disk and the reflecting disk are arranged in a ring shape and spaced from each other, which can effectively ensure the balance of heating. In extreme cases, even if one set of ohmic elements in the transmitting disk and the reflecting disk cannot work normally, the normal operation of the ultrasonic anemometer in a freezing environment can be effectively ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of an ultrasonic anemometer according to the present invention.
[0031] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of an ultrasonic anemometer according to the present invention.
[0032] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of an ultrasonic anemometer according to the present invention.
[0033] Figure 4 The figure is a side view of an ultrasonic anemometer according to the present invention.
[0034] Figure 5 for Figure 4The figure shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an ultrasonic anemometer according to one of the present inventions along the AA direction.
[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of assembling a third ohmic element and a fourth ohmic element of an ultrasonic anemometer according to one embodiment of the present invention into a reflective cover.
[0036] Figure 7 The present invention is a flowchart of an anti-freezing method for an ultrasonic anemometer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] In order to explain the technical content, structural features, objectives and effects of the present invention in detail, embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0038] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art of the present application. The terms used in this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. The term "and / or" used in this application includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.
[0039] Embodiment 1
[0040] See also Figures 1 to 6 An ultrasonic anemometer 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a base 1 with openings at both ends and a hollow interior, wherein a control board 2 and an interface board 3 arranged in a stacked structure and electrically connected are arranged inside; a transmitting disk 4 fixed on the base 1, wherein an ultrasonic probe 5 and a support 6 are arranged on the top of the transmitting disk 4, and the number of the support 6 is 4; a reflecting disk 7 fixed on the other end of the support 6 and used to reflect the ultrasonic signal emitted by the ultrasonic probe 5; a top cover 8 buckled on the reflecting disk 7, wherein a plurality of first ohmic elements 9 connected in series and a plurality of second ohmic elements 10 connected in series are arranged in a ring-shaped arrangement in a top gap space (not marked in the figure) formed by the top cover 8 and the reflecting disk 7, wherein the first ohmic elements 9 and the second ohmic elements 10 are arranged at intervals, and a plurality of third ohmic elements 11 connected in series and a plurality of fourth ohmic elements 12 connected in series are arranged in a ring-shaped arrangement in a top gap space (not marked in the figure) formed by the transmitting disk 4 and the base 1, wherein the third ohmic elements 11 and the fourth ohmic elements 12 are arranged at intervals.
[0041] The control board 2 is electrically connected to the first ohmic element 9 , the second ohmic element 10 , the third ohmic element 11 , and the fourth ohmic element 12 , respectively.
[0042] The portions of the reflective plate 7 corresponding to the first ohmic element 9 and the second ohmic element 10 are provided with a plurality of annularly arranged grooves 71 suitable for embedding the first ohmic element 9 and the second ohmic element 10. The grooves 71 are combined with the lower end surface of the top cover 8 to form a top gap space. The first ohmic element 9 and the second ohmic element 10 are mounted in the grooves 41 by gluing. When the top cover 8 is buckled onto the reflective plate 7, the top cover 8 is effectively constrained by the restrictions of the top cover 8 and the grooves 71 and is effectively restrained by the top gap space formed by the combination of the grooves 71 and the lower end surface of the top cover 8.
[0043] The first ohmic element 9 and the second ohmic element 10 are electrically connected to the corresponding control board through a first busbar 13 disposed at the center of the reflective disk.
[0044] The third ohmic element 11 and the fourth ohmic element 12 are electrically connected to the corresponding control board 2 respectively through a second busbar 14 disposed at the center of the emission disk 7 .
[0045] A plurality of annularly arranged grooves 41 suitable for embedding the third ohmic element 11 and the fourth ohmic element 12 are provided at the lower end of the transmitting disk 4 at a position corresponding to the third ohmic element 11 and the fourth ohmic element 12. The ultrasonic anemometer further comprises a pressing plate 15 fixed to the lower end of the transmitting disk. The third ohmic element 11 and the fourth ohmic element 12 are pressed between the pressing plate 15 and the steps of the grooves 41. The pressing plate 14 is fixed to the lower end of the transmitting disk 4 by screws.
[0046] As a preferred implementation, the ultrasonic anemometer described in this embodiment further includes: an aviation plug 16, which is arranged at the bottom of the base 1, matches the interface of an external cable (not shown in the figure), and is electrically connected to the control board 2.
[0047] Embodiment 2
[0048] See also Figure 4 On the basis of the first embodiment, the ultrasonic anemometer 100 described in this embodiment further comprises: a first temperature sensor arranged on the reflecting plate 7; a second temperature sensor arranged on the transmitting plate 7, and a signal acquisition board 17 electrically connected to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor. Correspondingly, the signal acquisition board 17 is respectively provided with a first temperature signal acquisition module electrically connected to the first temperature sensor and a second temperature signal acquisition module electrically connected to the second temperature sensor.
[0049] The control board 2 is electrically connected to the interface board 3 and the signal acquisition board 17 and arranged in a stacked manner along the installation direction. The signal acquisition board 17 is arranged above the control board 2 and is parallel to the control board 2. The interface board 3 is stacked below the control board 2 and is parallel to the control board 2. It should be particularly pointed out that in this specific embodiment, the installation direction is the direction in which the central axis of the ultrasonic anemometer 100 device is perpendicular to the horizontal installation plane, that is, the vertical installation direction.
[0050] The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are used to obtain temperature data on the corresponding reflection plate 7 and emission plate 4 respectively.
[0051] The ultrasonic anemometer 100 described in this embodiment further includes: a timing module (not shown in the figure) arranged on the control board 2, which is at least used to feedback to the main control module (not shown in the figure) arranged on the control board 2 the heating time of the first ohmic element 9, the second ohmic element 10, the third ohmic element 11, and the fourth ohmic element 12 according to the preset constant heating power.
[0052] The control board 2 is respectively provided with a first power selection circuit electrically connected to the first ohmic element 9, a second power selection circuit electrically connected to the second ohmic element 10, a third power selection circuit electrically connected to the third ohmic element 11, and a fourth power selection circuit electrically connected to the fourth ohmic element 12. The first power selection circuit, the second power selection circuit, the third power selection circuit, and the fourth power selection circuit are electrically connected to a power distribution module provided on the control board 2. The power distribution module responds to the balanced heating control instruction or the power redistribution control instruction generated by the main control module and controls the first power selection circuit (not shown in the figure), the second power selection circuit (not shown in the figure), the third power selection circuit (not shown in the figure), and the fourth power selection circuit (not shown in the figure).
[0053] A first power selection circuit corresponds to a plurality of first ohmic elements 9 connected in series; a second power selection circuit corresponds to a plurality of second ohmic elements 10 connected in series; a third power selection circuit corresponds to a plurality of third ohmic elements 11 connected in series; a fourth power selection circuit corresponds to a plurality of fourth ohmic elements 12 connected in series. The first power selection circuit, the second power selection circuit, the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit respectively include a power regulation branch and a constant power branch, and the power regulation branch of the first power selection circuit and the second power selection circuit can be configured as a current limiting module or a pulse width modulation circuit (PWM circuit). Among them, the first output end of the power selection circuit is connected to one end of the current limiting module or the pulse width modulation circuit, and the other end of the current limiting module or the pulse width modulation circuit is connected to the corresponding first ohmic element 9 and the second ohmic element 10 to respectively constitute the power regulation branch of the first power selection circuit and the second power selection circuit; the second output end of the power selection circuit is directly connected to the other end of the corresponding first ohmic element 9 and the second ohmic element 10 to constitute a constant power branch.
[0054] The power regulating branches of the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit can be configured as adjustable resistance circuits. The first output end of the power selection circuit is connected to one end of the adjustable resistance circuit, and the other end of the adjustable resistance circuit is connected to the corresponding third ohmic element 11 and fourth ohmic element 12 to respectively form the power regulating branches of the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit; the second output end of the power selection circuit is directly connected to the other end of the corresponding third ohmic element 11 and fourth ohmic element 12 to form a constant power branch.
[0055] How to configure the power regulation branch can be configured according to actual conditions and will not be elaborated here.
[0056] See also Figure 7 The second method of the present invention is an anti-freezing method for an ultrasonic anemometer, comprising:
[0057] Step S101, in response to an anemometer anti-freezing trigger event, the main control module triggers and generates a balanced heating control instruction;
[0058] Step S102, the power distribution module controls the first ohmic element 9, the second ohmic element 10, the third ohmic element 11 and the fourth ohmic element 12 to heat according to a preset constant heating power in response to the balanced heating control instruction;
[0059] Step S103, the main control module responds to the heating duration trigger event, triggers and generates a power redistribution control instruction, and the power distribution module controls the first ohmic element 9 and / or the second ohmic element 10 to heat according to the first preset heating power, and controls the third ohmic element 11 and the fourth ohmic element 12 to heat according to the second preset heating power according to the power redistribution instruction.
[0060] In step S101, the anemometer anti-freezing trigger event can be configured as a trigger signal for starting heating issued by the host computer to the ultrasonic anemometer, or it can be configured as a trigger signal generated when the temperature signal collected by the first temperature sensor or the second temperature sensor is lower than a first preset temperature; it can also be configured as a trigger signal generated when the external temperature is lower than a second preset temperature.
[0061] In step S103, the heating duration trigger event is configured as a trigger signal generated when the actual heating duration of heating by the first ohmic element 9, the second ohmic element 10, the third ohmic element 11 and the fourth ohmic element 12 according to the preset constant heating power exceeds the preset heating duration.
[0062] The step S102 further includes a power distribution module responding to a balanced heating control instruction and enabling the constant power branches of the first power selection circuit and the second power selection circuit to control the first ohmic element 9 and the second ohmic element 10 to perform balanced heating according to a preset constant heating power; the power distribution module responding to a balanced heating control instruction and enabling the constant power branches of the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit to control the third ohmic element 11 and the fourth ohmic element 12 to perform balanced heating according to a preset constant heating power.
[0063] The step S103 further includes the power distribution module controlling the first power selection circuit or / and the second power selection circuit to heat the corresponding first ohmic element 9 or / and the second ohmic element 10 according to the power redistribution control instruction and the first preset heating power. Specifically, in one of the feasible embodiments, the power distribution module is configured to simultaneously enable the power regulation branch of the first power selection circuit and the power regulation branch of the second power selection circuit according to the power redistribution control instruction and the first preset heating power. In one of the embodiments, the power distribution module is configured to control one of the constant power branches in the first power selection circuit and the second power selection circuit to be continuously in the enabled state according to the power redistribution control instruction, and the other constant power branch is turned off.
[0064] The step S103 further includes the power distribution module controlling the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit to heat the corresponding third ohmic element 11 and the fourth ohmic element 12 according to the power redistribution control instruction and the second preset heating power. Specifically, in one of the feasible embodiments, the power distribution module is configured to simultaneously enable the power regulation branch of the third power selection circuit and the power regulation branch of the fourth power selection circuit according to the power redistribution control instruction. In one of the embodiments, the power distribution module is configured to keep one of the constant power branches in the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit in the enabled state according to the power redistribution control instruction and the second preset heating power, and the other constant power branch is switched from the enabled state to the disabled state, and the corresponding power regulation branch is switched from the disabled state to the enabled state.
[0065] In summary, the present invention provides an ultrasonic anemometer and an anti-freezing method thereof, which can implement different modes of heating according to different heating needs, and at the same time, two sets of relatively independent ohmic elements are set in the transmitting disk and the reflecting disk, which can ensure the normal operation of the ultrasonic anemometer in a low-temperature freezing environment, avoiding the occurrence of anti-freezing failure. The two sets of relatively independent ohmic elements in the transmitting disk and the reflecting disk are arranged in a ring shape and spaced from each other, which can effectively ensure the balance of heating. In extreme cases, even if one set of ohmic elements in the transmitting disk and the reflecting disk cannot work normally, the normal operation of the ultrasonic anemometer in a freezing environment can be effectively ensured.
[0066] As described above, it is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. An ultrasonic anemometer, comprising: A base; a transmitting plate fixed on the base, an ultrasonic probe and a pillar are arranged on the top of the transmitting plate; a reflecting plate fixed on the other end of the pillar and used to reflect the ultrasonic signal emitted by the ultrasonic probe; a top cover buckled on the reflecting plate, characterized in that the ultrasonic anemometer further comprises: a plurality of first ohmic elements connected in series and a plurality of second ohmic elements connected in series are arranged in a ring-shaped arrangement in the top gap space formed by the top cover and the reflecting plate, and the first ohmic elements and the second ohmic elements are arranged at intervals; and a plurality of third ohmic elements connected in series and a plurality of fourth ohmic elements connected in series are arranged in a ring-shaped arrangement in the top gap space formed by the transmitting plate and the base, and the third ohmic elements and the fourth ohmic elements are arranged at intervals.
2. An ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A control board and an interface board which are stacked and electrically connected are disposed inside the base, and the control board is electrically connected to the first ohmic element, the second ohmic element, the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element respectively.
3. An ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first ohmic element and the second ohmic element are electrically connected to the corresponding control board through a first busbar disposed at the center of the reflective disk; the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element are electrically connected to the corresponding control board through a second busbar disposed at the center of the emitting disk.
4. An ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The positions of the reflective disk corresponding to the first ohmic element and the second ohmic element are provided with a plurality of annularly arranged grooves suitable for embedding the first ohmic element and the second ohmic element, the grooves are combined with the lower end surface of the top cover to form a top gap space, the first ohmic element and the second ohmic element are mounted in the grooves, and when the top cover is buckled on the reflective disk, the restrictions of the top cover and the grooves are constrained by the top gap space formed by the combination of the grooves and the lower end surface of the top cover.
5. An ultrasonic anemometer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A plurality of annularly arranged grooves suitable for embedding the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element are provided at the portion of the lower end of the transmitting disk corresponding to the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element. The ultrasonic anemometer comprises a pressure plate fixed at the lower end of the transmitting disk. The third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element are pressed between the pressure plate and the steps of the grooves. The pressure plate is fixed at the lower end of the transmitting disk.
6. An ultrasonic anemometer according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The ultrasonic anemometer also includes an aviation plug arranged at the bottom of the base and matching with the interface of the peripheral cable, and the aviation plug is further electrically connected to the interface board.
7. An ultrasonic anemometer according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The ultrasonic anemometer further includes: a first temperature sensor arranged on the reflecting plate; a second temperature sensor arranged on the transmitting plate; and a signal acquisition board electrically connected to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor; the signal acquisition board is respectively provided with a first temperature signal acquisition module electrically connected to the first temperature sensor and a second temperature signal acquisition module electrically connected to the second temperature sensor.
8. An ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control board is electrically connected to the interface board and the signal acquisition board and is stacked along the installation direction. The signal acquisition board is arranged above the control board and is parallel to the control board, and the interface board is stacked below the control board and is parallel to the control boards.
9. An ultrasonic anemometer according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The ultrasonic anemometer further includes: a timing module arranged on the control panel, which is at least used to feedback to the main control module arranged on the control panel the heating time of the first ohmic element, the second ohmic element, the third ohmic element, and the fourth ohmic element according to the preset constant heating power.
10. An ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 9, characterized in that: The control board is respectively provided with a first power selection circuit electrically connected to the first ohmic element, a second power selection circuit electrically connected to the second ohmic element, a third power selection circuit electrically connected to the third ohmic element, and a fourth power selection circuit electrically connected to the fourth ohmic element; the first power selection circuit, the second power selection circuit, the third power selection circuit, and the fourth power selection circuit are electrically connected to a power distribution module provided on the control board, and the power distribution module is used to respond to the balanced heating control instruction or the power redistribution control instruction generated by the main control module and control the first power selection circuit, the second power selection circuit, the third power selection circuit, and the fourth power selection circuit.
11. An ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 10, characterized in that: A first power selection circuit corresponds to a plurality of first ohmic elements connected in series; a second power selection circuit corresponds to a plurality of second ohmic elements connected in series; a third power selection circuit corresponds to a plurality of third ohmic elements connected in series; a fourth power selection circuit corresponds to a plurality of fourth ohmic elements connected in series; the first power selection circuit, the second power selection circuit, the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit each respectively include a power adjustment branch and a constant power branch.
12. An ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 10, characterized in that: The first output end of the first power selection circuit and the second power selection circuit is connected to one end of the current limiting module or the pulse width modulation circuit, and the other end of the current limiting module or the pulse width modulation circuit is connected to the corresponding first ohmic element and the second ohmic element to respectively constitute the power regulation branches of the first power selection circuit and the second power selection circuit; the second output end of the power selection circuit is directly connected to the other end of the corresponding first ohmic element and the second ohmic element to constitute a constant power branch.
13. An ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 10, characterized in that: The power regulating branches of the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit are configured as adjustable resistance circuits, the first output ends of the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit are connected to one end of the adjustable resistance circuit, and the other end of the adjustable resistance circuit is connected to the corresponding third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element to respectively constitute the power regulating branches of the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit; the second output end of the power selection circuit is directly connected to the other end of the corresponding third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element to constitute a constant power branch.
14. An anti-freezing method for an ultrasonic anemometer, characterized in that: The method further comprises: In response to the anemometer anti-freezing trigger event, the main control module triggers and generates a balanced heating control instruction; The power distribution module controls the first ohmic element, the second ohmic element, the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element to heat according to a preset constant heating power in response to the balanced heating control instruction; The main control module triggers and generates a power redistribution control instruction in response to a heating duration trigger event. The power distribution module controls the first ohmic element and / or the second ohmic element to heat according to the first preset heating power, and controls the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element to heat according to the second preset heating power according to the power redistribution instruction.
15. The method for anti-freezing of ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 14, characterized in that: The anemometer anti-freezing trigger event is configured as a trigger signal for starting heating issued by the host computer to the ultrasonic anemometer, a trigger signal generated when the temperature signal collected by the first temperature sensor or the second temperature sensor is lower than a first preset temperature, or a trigger signal generated when the external temperature is lower than a second preset temperature.
16. The method for anti-freezing of ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 14, characterized in that: The heating duration trigger event is configured as a trigger signal generated when the actual heating duration of the first ohmic element, the second ohmic element, the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element heating according to the preset constant heating power exceeds the preset heating duration.
17. An anti-freezing method for ultrasonic anemometer according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that: The power distribution module responds to the balanced heating control instruction and enables the constant power branches of the first power selection circuit and the second power selection circuit to control the first ohmic element and the second ohmic element to perform balanced heating according to the preset constant heating power; the power distribution module responds to the balanced heating control instruction and enables the constant power branches of the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit to control the third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element to perform balanced heating according to the preset constant heating power.
18. An anti-freezing method for ultrasonic anemometer according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that: The power distribution module controls the first power selection circuit and / or the second power selection circuit to perform heating control on the corresponding first ohmic element and / or the second ohmic element according to the power redistribution control instruction and the first preset heating power.
19. The method for anti-freezing of ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 18, characterized in that: The power distribution module is configured to simultaneously enable the power regulation branch of the first power selection circuit and the power regulation branch of the second power selection circuit according to the power redistribution control instruction and the first preset heating power; or the power distribution module is configured to control one of the constant power branches in the first power selection circuit and the second power selection circuit to be continuously in the enabled state and the other constant power branch to be shut down according to the power redistribution control instruction.
20. An anti-freezing method for ultrasonic anemometer according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that: The power distribution module controls the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit to perform heating control on the corresponding third ohmic element and the fourth ohmic element according to the power redistribution control instruction and the second preset heating power.
21. The method for anti-freezing of ultrasonic anemometer according to claim 20, characterized in that: The power distribution module is configured to simultaneously enable the power regulation branch of the third power selection circuit and the power regulation branch of the fourth power selection circuit according to the power redistribution control instruction; or the power distribution module is configured to keep one of the constant power branches in the third power selection circuit and the fourth power selection circuit in the enabled state according to the power redistribution control instruction and according to the second preset heating power, and the other constant power branch is switched from the enabled state to the disabled state, and the corresponding power regulation branch is switched from the disabled state to the enabled state.