Brazing filler metal and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of brazing materials, in particular to brazing filler metal and a preparation method and application thereof. The brazing filler metal comprises a strip-shaped wear-resisting body and at least one brazing filler metal pipe arranged on the outer side of the strip-shaped wear-resisting body in a sleeving mode, the strip-shaped wear-resisting body comprises a plurality of wear-resisting particles located on the core portion and a metal net wrapping the outer sides of the wear-resisting particles, and the outer surfaces of the wear-resisting particles are wrapped with brazing flux layers. According to the method, firstly, the wear-resistant particles are covered with the uniform brazing flux layer in a hot-cladding mode, the metal net with the proper pore inner diameter is adopted to wrap the wear-resistant particles to be fixed and bound into strips or rods, finally, the brazing filler metal pipe is arranged outside in a sleeving mode, the high-strength, high-wear-resistant and component-replaceable brazing filler metal is obtained, and the method is easy to operate, easy to implement and high in efficiency. According to the brazing filler metal, the feasibility that brazing filler metal components are replaced at any time according to the brazing performance requirement is achieved, the diversity requirement for workpiece brazing is met, and a connector of a brazing workpiece is high in strength and good in abrasion resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of brazing materials, and in particular to a brazing filler metal and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the working environment of workpieces (such as shield tools, oil drill bits, picks and other superhard tools) becomes more and more extreme and complex, different requirements are put forward for the performance of brazing filler metals. For example, the welding of the cutter head at the center of the shield cutter requires a high brazing temperature, and a brazing filler metal with good wettability and low melting temperature is required; the welding of the cutter head at the edge of the shield cutter requires a low brazing temperature (induction heating, high edge temperature), and a brazing filler metal with a slightly higher melting temperature and no flow. Similarly, the shield cutter head has severe wear at the edge of the cutter head, so a highly wear-resistant brazing filler metal is required, and the center of the cutter head is subjected to greater force, so a high-strength brazing filler metal is required.

[0003] When existing brazing fillers are used for brazing superhard tools, the shear strength of the joint is generally around 220MPa and the operating temperature is around 300℃. Not only can it not meet the high-reliability mechanical properties and high wear resistance requirements of superhard tools, but the brazing filler material is fixed and cannot meet the diversified brazing performance requirements of superhard tools. The current practice is to braze shield tools with conventional brazing fillers, and then use wear-resistant coating materials to melt a metallurgical wear-resistant layer on the surface of the cutter head. The process is complicated and requires multiple materials.

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies, it is necessary to develop a high-strength, high-wear-resistant and replaceable brazing filler metal suitable for high-reliability brazing of superhard tools.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-strength, high-wear-resistant and replaceable brazing filler metal to solve the technical problem that the existing brazing filler metal has low strength, poor wear resistance, fixed composition and cannot meet the diversified brazing performance requirements of workpieces. The present invention designs the brazing filler metal to be in the form of at least one brazing filler metal tube sleeved on the outside of a strip-shaped wear-resistant body, thereby achieving the feasibility of replacing the brazing filler metal composition at any time according to the brazing performance requirements, meeting the diverse requirements of workpiece brazing, and the brazed workpiece joints have high strength and good wear resistance.

[0007] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the solder as described above. The method of the present invention is simple to operate, easy to implement and highly efficient.

[0008] The third object of the present invention is to provide an application of the brazing filler metal as described above in the integrated brazing of shield tools, oil drill bits or picks.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are particularly adopted:

[0010] A solder comprises a strip wear-resistant body and at least one solder tube sleeved outside the strip wear-resistant body. The strip wear-resistant body comprises a plurality of wear-resistant particles at the core and a metal mesh wrapped outside the plurality of wear-resistant particles. The outer surface of the wear-resistant particles is coated with a solder layer.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body to the entire solder is 5%-8%.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of the flux layer to the strip-shaped wear-resistant body is 5%-10%.

[0013] Preferably, the mass ratio of the metal mesh to the strip-shaped wear-resistant body is 10%-20%.

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of the wear-resistant particles to the strip-shaped wear-resistant body is 70%-85%.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of solder tubes are sleeved on the outer side of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body, and the compositions of the plurality of solder tubes are the same or different.

[0016] Preferably, the solder tube includes at least one of a silver solder tube, a copper solder tube or an aluminum solder tube.

[0017] Preferably, the strip-shaped wear-resistant body and the solder tube are in clearance fit.

[0018] Preferably, the wear-resistant particles include aluminum nitride, SiC, TiC, Cr 3 C 2 At least one of .

[0019] Preferably, the metal mesh includes any one of a stainless steel mesh, a copper mesh, and a nickel mesh.

[0020] Preferably, the particle size of the wear-resistant particles is not smaller than the mesh pores of the metal mesh.

[0021] Preferably, the solder tube comprises at least one silver solder tube, and the silver solder tube comprises the following components by mass:

[0022] Ag 10-15 parts, Zn and Cu in a fixed ratio 80-90 parts, Ti 0.05-1.5 parts, Cr and Nb in a fixed ratio 0.06-1.5 parts, Co and Si in a fixed ratio 0.8-3 parts.

[0023] Preferably, the mass ratio of the Zn to the Cu is 0.78-0.85:1.

[0024] Preferably, the mass ratio of the Cr to the Nb is 1.1-2:1.

[0025] Preferably, the mass ratio of the Co to the Si is 3.8-4.5:1.

[0026] The method for preparing the solder according to any one of the aforementioned embodiments comprises the following steps:

[0027] S1. The wear-resistant particles are immersed in a semi-molten brazing flux liquid, and after the impregnation is completed, they are removed and placed on a metal mesh, and the wear-resistant particles are wrapped with the metal mesh to form a strip, and cooled to obtain a strip-shaped wear-resistant body;

[0028] S2. Sleeve at least one solder tube on the outside of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body, and use the metal mesh to fasten the ends of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body and the solder tube to obtain the solder.

[0029] Preferably, the method for preparing the solder tube comprises the following steps:

[0030] The raw material of the brazing material tube is smelted into molten metal by inert gas protection smelting, cast to obtain an ingot, and then the brazing material tube is obtained by perforating and hot extrusion.

[0031] Preferably, the solder tube comprises at least one silver solder tube, the solder flux is QJ102, the immersion temperature is 550-600° C., and the immersion time is 10-20 min.

[0032] Application of the brazing filler metal described in any one of the aforementioned embodiments or the brazing filler metal prepared by the method for preparing the brazing filler metal described in any one of the aforementioned embodiments in integrated brazing of shield tools, oil drill bits or picks.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] (1) The solder shape provided by the present invention is designed as a plurality of solder tube sleeves arranged outside the strip-shaped wear-resistant body, which realizes the feasibility of replacing the solder composition at any time according to the brazing performance requirements and meets the diverse requirements of superhard tool brazing.

[0035] (2) The metal mesh in the wear-resistant body of the present invention can be dissolved into the brazing seam to further improve the joint strength; in addition, the wear-resistant particles in the wear-resistant body of the present invention are coated with a uniform brazing flux layer, so welding can be performed in one step without adding brazing flux, thereby eliminating the need for additional steps and improving efficiency.

[0036] (3) The brazing filler metal provided by the present invention is a high-performance brazing filler metal that combines high strength, high wear resistance and high temperature performance, and the joint strength of the welded workpieces is high and the wear resistance is good.

[0037] (4) The present invention firstly heat-melts the wear-resistant particles to form a uniform flux layer, then uses a metal mesh with a suitable pore inner diameter to wrap the wear-resistant particles and fix them into strips or rods, and finally inserts a brazing material tube into the outside to obtain a high-strength, wear-resistant and replaceable brazing material. The method of the present invention is simple to operate, easy to implement and highly efficient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-section structure of the solder provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a morphology diagram of the solder joint in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a morphology diagram of the solder joint in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0042] Reference numerals:

[0043] 1-metal mesh; 2-solder tube; 3-wear-resistant particles; 4-brazing flux layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following described embodiments are part of embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. If specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to normal conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified in the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the first aspect of the present invention provides a solder, including a strip-shaped wear-resistant body and at least one solder tube 2 sleeved on the outside of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body, the strip-shaped wear-resistant body includes a plurality of wear-resistant particles 3 located at the core and a metal mesh 1 wrapped around the outside of the plurality of wear-resistant particles 3, and the outer surface of the wear-resistant particles 3 is coated with a flux layer 4.

[0046] The present invention provides a high-strength, high-wear-resistant and replaceable brazing material. According to the diverse and multi-level welding performance requirements of superhard tools, brazing material tubes with various properties can be prepared. According to the performance requirements, the brazing material metal tube outside the wear-resistant strip can be replaced at any time, so as to realize the feasibility of adjusting the brazing material composition at any time according to the brazing performance requirements, and meet the diverse requirements of superhard tool brazing. The outside of the same strip-shaped wear-resistant body can also be sleeved with a variety of brazing material tubes with different compositions, so as to realize the consideration of a variety of brazing material compositions on the same brazing material, so as to meet the performance requirements of the brazing material for welding different parts of the workpiece, and realize the integrated high-strength and high-wear-resistant brazing of superhard tools; for example, when brazing superhard tools, brazing material tubes with different properties can be prepared, such as high-wear-resistant brazing material tubes, high-strength brazing material tubes, impact-resistant brazing material tubes, etc. According to the service working conditions of the workpiece, the appropriate brazing material tube is selected to be sleeved into the wear-resistant strip to form a variety of brazing metals.

[0047] The metal mesh 1 in the wear-resistant body of the present invention can be dissolved into the brazing seam to improve the joint strength; the wear-resistant particles 3 in the wear-resistant body can improve the wear resistance, and the wear-resistant particles 3 are coated with a uniform brazing agent layer 4 on the outside, so that welding can be performed in one step without adding brazing agent.

[0048] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the strip wear-resistant body to the whole solder is 5%-8%, for example, it can be any point value among 5%, 6%, 7%, 8% or a range value consisting of any two point values.

[0049] The wear-resistant body plays a role in wear-resistance enhancement, and the brazing filler metal plays a role in welding. If the wear-resistant body is less than 5%, the wear-resistance enhancement effect is poor; and if there are too many wear-resistant bodies, there will be too little brazing filler metal for bonding, resulting in low bonding strength between the particles and the matrix, and easy falling off.

[0050] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the flux layer 4 to the strip wear-resistant body is 5%-10%, for example, it can be any point value among 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10% or a range value consisting of any two point values. The flux plays a role in removing the film and aiding the flow. Too little flux will have a poor film removal effect, and too much flux will produce flux residue.

[0051] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the metal mesh 1 to the strip wear-resistant body is 10%-20%, for example, it can be any point value among 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20% or a range value consisting of any two point values.

[0052] The metal mesh is used to fix and secure the wear-resistant particles, and further enhances the weld strength by dissolving and dispersing in the weld. If there is too much metal mesh, it cannot be completely dissolved and dispersed into the weld; if there is too little metal mesh, it is not enough to fix and wrap the wear-resistant particles and brazing flux.

[0053] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the wear-resistant particles 3 to the strip wear-resistant body is 70%-85%, for example, it can be any point value among 70%, 72%, 75%, 78%, 80%, 82%, 85% or a range value consisting of any two point values. The wear-resistant particles are the main body of the wear-resistant body. If there are too few wear-resistant particles, the wear resistance of the weld cannot be enhanced; if there are too many wear-resistant particles, it is difficult for the metal mesh to be completely wrapped.

[0054] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of solder tubes 2 are sleeved on the outer side of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body, and the compositions of the plurality of solder tubes 2 are the same or different.

[0055] A solder tube is sleeved on the outside of the strip wear-resistant body, and the required solder tube length is relatively long, which is not convenient for the strip wear-resistant body to penetrate. If multiple solder tubes are sleeved on the outside of the strip wear-resistant body, the required length of a single solder tube is relatively short, which is convenient for the strip wear-resistant body to penetrate. It is also convenient to partially replace the solder component to meet the brazing needs of different parts of the workpiece. The sum of the lengths of the multiple solder tubes sleeved on the outside of the same strip wear-resistant body is the same as the length of the strip wear-resistant body.

[0056] The compositions of multiple solder tubes sleeved on the outside of the same strip-shaped wear-resistant body can be the same or different, which is convenient for adjusting the solder composition according to the brazing requirements. For example, the welding of the cutter head at the center of the shield cutter requires a high-silver solder with a low melting temperature, while the welding of the cutter head at the edge of the shield cutter requires a low-silver solder with a slightly higher melting temperature and no diffusion. In order to meet the brazing requirements of different parts, silver solder tubes with different compositions can be sleeved on the outside of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body to obtain a solder with a gradient silver content, so as to adapt to the integrated high-strength and high-wear-resistant brazing of superhard tools such as shield cutter heads.

[0057] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the length of each solder tube 2 may be 100-150 mm. If the length of the solder tube 2 is controlled within this range, the strip-shaped wear-resistant body can penetrate well.

[0058] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the solder tube 2 includes at least one of a silver solder tube, a copper solder tube or an aluminum solder tube. Depending on the workpiece to be brazed, different solder tubes can be selected to be inserted outside the strip wear-resistant body to adapt to different brazing scenarios.

[0059] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the strip-shaped wear-resistant body and the solder tube 2 are clearance-fitted.

[0060] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the outer diameter of the solder tube 2 is 8-15 mm. In other embodiments, solder tubes of other sizes may be used according to application scenario requirements.

[0061] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the wear-resistant particles 3 include aluminum nitride, SiC, TiC, Cr3 C 2 At least one of .

[0062] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the metal mesh 1 includes any one of a stainless steel wire mesh, a copper wire mesh, and a nickel wire mesh.

[0063] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the particle size of the wear-resistant particles 3 is not smaller than the mesh pores of the metal mesh 1 to prevent the wear-resistant particles from leaking out.

[0064] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the wear-resistant particles 3 used are irregular in shape, and the maximum side length of the wear-resistant particles 3 is 0.8-1.5 mm. If the particles are too large, the pores are large, and if the particles are too small, the wear-resistant effect is poor.

[0065] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the inner diameter of the mesh pores of the metal mesh 1 is 0.6-0.8 mm.

[0066] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the solder tube 2 comprises at least one silver solder tube, and the silver solder tube comprises the following components by mass:

[0067] Ag 10-15 parts, Zn and Cu in a fixed ratio 80-90 parts, Ti 0.05-1.5 parts, Cr and Nb in a fixed ratio 0.06-1.5 parts, Co and Si in a fixed ratio 0.8-3 parts.

[0068] Ti is an active element in the composition, which can enhance the wettability and wear resistance of the body; chromium and niobium can react to form a high temperature strengthening phase Cr 2 Nb improves the high temperature performance of the brazing material. Cobalt and silicon can react to form dispersed Co in the brazing seam. 2 Si strengthens the phase and greatly improves the strength of the brazing seam. The silver brazing material formula designed by the invention has the characteristics of high strength, good high temperature performance and good wear resistance.

[0069] In some embodiments, typically but not limiting, for example, in the silver solder tube component, the mass fraction of Ag can be any point value among 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, and 15 parts, or a range value consisting of any two points; the mass fraction of Zn and Cu in a fixed ratio can be any point value among 80 parts, 82 parts, 85 parts, 88 parts, and 90 parts, or a range value consisting of any two points; the mass fraction of Ti can be any point value among 0.05 parts, 0.1 parts, 0.5 parts, 1 parts, and 1.5 parts, or a range value consisting of any two points; the mass fraction of Cr and Nb in a fixed ratio can be any point value among 0.06 parts, 0.5 parts, 1 parts, 1.2 parts, and 1.5 parts, or a range value consisting of any two points; the mass fraction of Co and Si in a fixed ratio can be any point value among 0.8 parts, 1 parts, 1.5 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, and 3 parts, or a range value consisting of any two points.

[0070] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in the components of the silver solder tube, the fixed ratio of Zn and Cu refers to a mass ratio of Zn to Cu of 0.78-0.85:1, for example, it can be any point value among 0.78:1, 0.79:1, 0.80:1, 0.81:1, 0.82:1, 0.83:1, 0.84:1, and 0.85:1, or a range value consisting of any two point values; when the mass fraction of Ag in the solder is 10-15%, the mass ratio of Zn and Cu is controlled within the above range, the liquidus temperature of the solder is relatively low, about 840°C, which can significantly reduce the liquidus temperature of the silver solder.

[0071] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of Cr to Nb in the silver solder tube component is 1.1-2:1, for example, it can be any point value among 1.1:1, 1.3:1, 1.5:1, 1.8:1, 2:1 or a range value consisting of any two point values. When the mass ratio of chromium to niobium is between 1.1-2:1, chromium reacts with niobium to form a strengthening phase Cr. 2 When Nb is present, Cr is excessive, and the excess Cr will precipitate as strengthening particles Cr to form two strengthening phases Cr 2 Nb and Cr are dispersed in the brazing seam. 2 Nb can improve the high temperature performance of the solder, and Cr particles can improve the strength of the solder, and can improve the high temperature performance and mechanical properties of the solder at the same time; if the mass ratio of chromium to niobium is less than 1.1:1, Cr is insufficient and two strengthening phases cannot be formed. If the mass ratio of chromium to niobium is greater than 2:1, too many Cr strengthening particles will be precipitated, the brittle and hard phase of the solder will be enhanced, and the solder will be difficult to process.

[0072] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of Co to Si in the silver solder tube component is 3.8-4.5:1, for example, it can be any point value among 3.8:1, 4:1, 4.2:1, 4.5:1 or a range value consisting of any two point values; Co and Si react to form Co 2 Si strengthening phase, the mass ratio of Co and Si is controlled within the above range, the molar ratio of Co and Si is about 2:1, which can basically react completely. Too high or too low mass ratio will result in excessive Co or Si residue. Co and Si are high melting point components, which will increase the brittleness of the solder, decrease the toughness, and reduce the strength of the joint.

[0073] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the solder according to any one of the aforementioned embodiments, comprising the following steps:

[0074] S1. The wear-resistant particles are immersed in a semi-molten flux liquid, and after the immersion is completed, they are removed and placed on a metal mesh, and the wear-resistant particles are wrapped with a metal mesh to form a strip, and cooled to obtain a strip-shaped wear-resistant body;

[0075] S2. The at least one brazing material tube is set on the outside of the strip wear-resistant body, and the ends of the strip wear-resistant body and the brazing material tube are tied with a metal mesh (such as Figure 1 As shown), the solder is obtained.

[0076] The method of the present invention innovatively heat-melts wear-resistant particles of suitable particle size to form a uniform brazing flux layer, and uses a metal mesh with a suitable pore inner diameter to wrap the wear-resistant particles into strips or rods. After cooling, the wear-resistant particles are bonded together to obtain a strip-shaped wear-resistant body, and finally multiple brazing tubes are set on the outside to form a high-strength, wear-resistant and replaceable brazing metal. The brazing material prepared by the method of the present invention has replaceable components and can meet the diverse and multi-level welding performance requirements of superhard tools; and the outer surface of the wear-resistant particles is evenly coated with brazing flux, and no brazing flux needs to be added during brazing, which can save steps and improve brazing efficiency; the metal mesh can be dissolved into the brazing seam to improve the joint strength.

[0077] The method of the present invention immerses the wear-resistant particles in a semi-molten flux liquid for coating because the flux is in a glassy state in a semi-molten state and has a high viscosity, and can wrap and adhere to the surface of the wear-resistant particles to improve the coating effect; the flux can be controlled in a semi-molten state by temperature.

[0078] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the solder tube can be purchased or prepared.

[0079] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the solder tube comprises the following steps:

[0080] The raw materials of the brazing tube are melted into molten metal by inert gas protection smelting, cast to obtain ingots, and then pierce and hot extrude to obtain the brazing tube. The brazing tube obtained directly by casting has many defects, while the brazing tube obtained by the ingot piercing and hot extrusion method has good quality.

[0081] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the solder tube includes at least one silver solder tube, the solder flux is QJ102, the immersion temperature is 550-600°C, for example, it can be any point value among 550°C, 560°C, 570°C, 580°C, 590°C, 600°C or a range value consisting of any two point values; the immersion time is 10-20min, for example, it can be any point value among 10min, 12min, 14min, 15min, 16min, 18min, 20min or a range value consisting of any two point values.

[0082] QJ102 is a silver brazing agent. When other brazing materials are used, other brazing agents can also be used. The immersion temperature is controlled at 550-600℃ to make the QJ102 brazing agent in a semi-molten state.

[0083] The third aspect of the present invention provides an application of a brazing material as described in any one of the aforementioned embodiments or a brazing material prepared by the method for preparing a brazing material as described in any one of the aforementioned embodiments in the integrated brazing of superhard tools such as shield tools, oil drill bits or picks.

[0084] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. If no specific conditions are specified in the examples, the conditions are carried out according to normal conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0085] Example 1

[0086] This embodiment provides a high-strength, high-wear-resistant silver solder with replaceable components. The silver solder is in a rod shape and consists of a strip-shaped wear-resistant body at the core and a plurality of solder tubes sleeved on the outside of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body.

[0087] Among them, the wear-resistant body accounts for 5% of the total solder mass. The wear-resistant body consists of three parts: metal mesh, wear-resistant particles, and flux layer. The flux layer accounts for 5% of the wear-resistant body mass, the metal mesh accounts for 10% of the wear-resistant body mass, and the remainder is wear-resistant particles.

[0088] The wear-resistant particles used are aluminum nitride, which are irregular in shape, with a maximum side length of 0.8 mm, and are evenly coated with a layer of flux on the outside; the metal mesh used is a stainless steel wire mesh with a wire diameter of 0.1 mm and a mesh hole inner diameter of 0.6 mm.

[0089] The solder tube sleeved on the outside of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body can be replaced at any time according to performance requirements.

[0090] The mass fractions of each element in the silver solder tube used are as follows: 10 parts of Ag, 80 parts of a fixed ratio of Zn and Cu (Zn / Cu=0.78), of which Cu is 44.94 parts and Zn is 35.06 parts; 0.05 parts of Ti, 0.06 parts of a fixed ratio of Cr and Nb (Cr / Nb=1.1), of which Cr is 0.0314 parts and Nb is 0.0286 parts; 0.8 parts of a fixed ratio of Co and Si (Co / Si=3.8:1), of which Co is 0.634 parts and Si is 0.166 parts.

[0091] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0092] (1) Preparation of silver solder tube

[0093] The raw materials of the silver solder tube, Ag, Cu, Zn, Ti, Co, Cr, Nb and Si, are weighed according to their mass fractions, melted into molten metal by inert gas protection smelting, injected into the graphite mold cavity, cooled and demolded to obtain the solder metal ingot, and a seamless solder tube with an outer diameter of 8 mm and an inner diameter of 5 mm is obtained by perforating and hot extrusion; the obtained seamless solder tube is cut into a solder tube with a length of 100 mm for standby use.

[0094] (2) Preparation of silver solder

[0095] S1. Take the wear-resistant particles, immerse them in the semi-molten silver brazing agent liquid QJ102 at 550°C, immerse them for 10 minutes, remove them, place them on the metal mesh, wrap the wear-resistant particles with the metal mesh to form strips, cool them, and obtain a strip-shaped wear-resistant body with a diameter of 5mm, a downward deviation of -0.1mm, and a length of 2mm;

[0096] S2. Twenty solder tubes with an outer diameter of 8 mm, an inner diameter of 5 mm and a length of 100 mm prepared in this embodiment are closely arranged on the outside of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body prepared in step S1, and the strip-shaped wear-resistant body and the two ends of the solder tube are fixed and positioned by a metal mesh to obtain a high-strength, high-wear-resistant and replaceable silver solder with a diameter of 8 mm.

[0097] Example 2

[0098] This embodiment provides a high-strength, high-wear-resistant silver solder with replaceable components. The silver solder is in a rod shape and consists of a strip-shaped wear-resistant body as a core and a plurality of solder tubes sleeved on the outside of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body.

[0099] Among them, the wear-resistant body accounts for 7% of the total solder mass. The wear-resistant body consists of three parts: metal mesh, wear-resistant particles, and flux layer. The flux layer accounts for 7% of the wear-resistant body mass, the metal mesh accounts for 15% of the wear-resistant body mass, and the remainder is wear-resistant particles.

[0100] The wear-resistant particles used are SiC, which are irregular in shape, with a maximum side length of 1.0 mm and a brazing flux layer wrapped on the outside; the metal mesh used is a copper wire mesh with a wire diameter of 0.2 mm and an inner diameter of the mesh holes of 0.7 mm.

[0101] The mass proportions of each element in the silver solder tube used are as follows: 11 parts of Ag, 82 parts of a fixed ratio of Zn and Cu (Zn / Cu=0.8), of which 45.55 parts of Cu and 36.45 parts of Zn; 0.1 parts of Ti, 1 part of a fixed ratio of Cr and Nb (Cr / Nb=2:1), of which 0.67 parts of Cr and 0.33 parts of Nb; 1 part of a fixed ratio of Co and Si (Co / Si=4.5:1), of which 0.82 parts of Co and 0.18 parts of Si.

[0102] The preparation method is similar to that of Example 1, except that:

[0103] The prepared silver solder tube is a seamless solder tube with an outer diameter of 10 mm and an inner diameter of 7 mm, and the cutting length is 150 mm;

[0104] In step S1, the immersion temperature in the silver solder solution is 580°C, and the immersion time is 15 minutes; the diameter of the strip wear-resistant body is 7 mm, the downward deviation is -0.1 mm, and the length is 3 meters;

[0105] In step S2, 20 solder tubes with an outer diameter of 10 mm, an inner diameter of 7 mm and a length of 150 mm prepared in this embodiment are closely arranged on the outer side of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body of this embodiment to obtain a silver solder with a diameter of 10 mm.

[0106] Example 3

[0107] This embodiment provides a high-strength, high-wear-resistant silver solder with replaceable components. The silver solder is in a rod shape and consists of a strip-shaped wear-resistant body as a core and a plurality of solder tubes sleeved on the outside of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body.

[0108] Among them, the wear-resistant body accounts for 7.5% of the mass of the entire solder. The wear-resistant body consists of three parts: metal mesh, wear-resistant particles, and flux layer. The flux layer accounts for 8% of the mass of the wear-resistant body, the metal mesh accounts for 18% of the mass of the wear-resistant body, and the rest is wear-resistant particles.

[0109] The wear-resistant particles used are TiC, which are irregular in shape, with a maximum side length of 1.2 mm and a brazing flux layer wrapped on the outside; the metal mesh used is a nickel wire mesh, with a wire diameter of 0.5 mm and a mesh hole inner diameter of 0.75 mm.

[0110] The mass proportions of each element in the silver solder tube used are as follows: 12 parts of Ag, 85 parts of a fixed ratio of Zn and Cu (Zn / Cu=0.85), of which 45.95 parts of Cu and 39.05 parts of Zn; 0.5 parts of Ti, 1.5 parts of a fixed ratio of Cr and Nb (Cr / Nb=1.1:1), of which 0.79 parts of Cr and 0.71 parts of Nb; 2 parts of a fixed ratio of Co and Si (Co / Si=4.0:1), of which 1.6 parts of Co and 0.4 parts of Si.

[0111] The preparation method is similar to that of Example 1, except that:

[0112] The prepared silver solder tube is a seamless solder metal tube with an outer diameter of 15 mm and an inner diameter of 8 mm, and the cutting length is 100 mm;

[0113] In step S1, the immersion temperature in the silver solder solution is 600°C, and the immersion time is 20 minutes; the diameter of the strip wear-resistant body is 8 mm, the downward deviation is -0.1 mm, and the length is 2 meters;

[0114] In step S2, 20 solder tubes with an outer diameter of 15 mm, an inner diameter of 8 mm, and a length of 100 mm prepared in this embodiment are closely arranged outside the strip-shaped wear-resistant body of this embodiment to obtain a silver solder with a diameter of 15 mm.

[0115] Example 4

[0116] This embodiment provides a high-strength, high-wear-resistant silver solder with replaceable components. The silver solder is in a rod shape and consists of a strip-shaped wear-resistant body as a core and a plurality of solder tubes sleeved on the outside of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body.

[0117] Among them, the wear-resistant body accounts for 8% of the total solder mass. The wear-resistant body consists of three parts: metal mesh, wear-resistant particles, and flux layer. The flux layer accounts for 10% of the wear-resistant body mass, the metal mesh accounts for 20% of the wear-resistant body mass, and the remainder is wear-resistant particles.

[0118] The wear-resistant particles used are Cr 2 C 3 It is an irregular shape with a maximum side length of 1.5mm and a brazing flux layer wrapped on the outside; the metal mesh used is a stainless steel wire mesh with a wire diameter of 0.3mm and an inner diameter of the mesh holes of 0.8mm.

[0119] The mass proportions of each element in the silver solder tube used are as follows: 14 parts of Ag, 88 parts of a fixed ratio of Zn and Cu (Zn / Cu=0.8), of which 48.89 parts of Cu and 39.11 parts of Zn; 1 part of Ti, 1.5 parts of a fixed ratio of Cr and Nb (Cr / Nb=2:1), of which 1 part of Cr and 0.5 part of Nb; 3 parts of a fixed ratio of Co and Si (Co / Si=4.5:1), of which 2.455 parts of Co and 0.545 parts of Si.

[0120] The preparation method is similar to that of Example 1, except that:

[0121] The prepared brazing material tube is a seamless brazing material metal tube with an outer diameter of 12 mm and an inner diameter of 8 mm, and the cutting length is 100 mm;

[0122] In step S1, the immersion temperature in the silver solder solution is 600°C, and the immersion time is 20 minutes; the diameter of the strip wear-resistant body is 8 mm, the downward deviation is -0.1 mm, and the length is 2 meters;

[0123] In step S2, 20 solder tubes with an outer diameter of 12 mm, an inner diameter of 8 mm, and a length of 100 mm prepared in this embodiment are closely arranged outside the strip-shaped wear-resistant body of this embodiment to obtain a silver solder with a diameter of 12 mm.

[0124] Example 5

[0125] This embodiment provides a high-strength, high-wear-resistant silver solder with replaceable components. The silver solder is in a rod shape and consists of a strip-shaped wear-resistant body as a core and a plurality of solder tubes sleeved on the outside of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body.

[0126] Among them, the wear-resistant body accounts for 8% of the total solder mass. The wear-resistant body consists of three parts: metal mesh, wear-resistant particles, and flux layer. The flux layer accounts for 10% of the wear-resistant body mass, the metal mesh accounts for 20% of the wear-resistant body mass, and the remainder is wear-resistant particles.

[0127] The wear-resistant particles used are Cr 2 C 3 It is an irregular shape with a maximum side length of 1.5mm and a brazing flux layer wrapped on the outside; the metal mesh used is a stainless steel wire mesh with a wire diameter of 0.3mm and an inner diameter of the mesh holes of 0.8mm.

[0128] The mass proportions of each element in the silver solder tube used are as follows: 15 parts of Ag, 90 parts of a fixed ratio of Zn and Cu (Zn / Cu=0.8), of which 50 parts are Cu and 40 parts are Zn; 0.05 parts of Ti, 1.2 parts of a fixed ratio of Cr and Nb (Cr / Nb=1.5:1), of which 0.72 parts are Cr and 0.48 parts are Nb; 0.8 parts of a fixed ratio of Co and Si (Co / Si=4.2:1), of which 0.646 parts are Co and 0.154 parts are Si.

[0129] The preparation method is exactly the same as that in Example 1.

[0130] Example 6

[0131] This embodiment provides a high-strength, high-wear-resistant silver solder with replaceable components. The silver solder is in a rod shape and consists of a strip-shaped wear-resistant body as a core and a plurality of solder tubes sleeved on the outside of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body.

[0132] Among them, the wear-resistant body accounts for 5% of the total solder mass. The wear-resistant body consists of three parts: metal mesh, wear-resistant particles, and flux layer. The flux layer accounts for 10% of the wear-resistant body mass, the metal mesh accounts for 20% of the wear-resistant body mass, and the remainder is wear-resistant particles.

[0133] The wear-resistant particles used are SiC and TiC with a mass ratio of 1:1. They are irregular in shape with a maximum side length of 1.5 mm and are wrapped with a flux layer on the outside. The metal mesh used is a stainless steel wire mesh with a wire diameter of 0.3 mm and an inner diameter of the mesh holes of 0.8 mm.

[0134] The mass proportions of each element in the silver solder tube used are as follows: 10 parts of Ag, 90 parts of a fixed ratio of Zn and Cu (Zn / Cu=0.8), of which 50 parts are Cu and 40 parts are Zn; 1 part of Ti, 1.5 parts of a fixed ratio of Cr and Nb (Cr / Nb=2:1), of which 1 part is Cr and 0.5 part is Nb; 1 part of a fixed ratio of Co and Si (Co / Si=4.2:1), of which 0.808 parts are Co and 0.192 parts are Si.

[0135] The preparation method is exactly the same as that in Example 1.

[0136] Example 7

[0137] This embodiment provides a high-strength, high-wear-resistant silver solder with replaceable components. The silver solder is in a rod shape and consists of a strip-shaped wear-resistant body as a core and a plurality of solder tubes sleeved on the outside of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body.

[0138] Among them, the wear-resistant body accounts for 5% of the total solder mass. The wear-resistant body consists of three parts: metal mesh, wear-resistant particles, and flux layer. The flux layer accounts for 5% of the wear-resistant body mass, the metal mesh accounts for 10% of the wear-resistant body mass, and the remainder is wear-resistant particles.

[0139] The wear-resistant particles used are aluminum nitride, which are irregular in shape, with a maximum side length of 0.8 mm, and are evenly coated with a layer of flux on the outside; the metal mesh used is a stainless steel wire mesh with a wire diameter of 0.1 mm and a mesh hole inner diameter of 0.6 mm.

[0140] The silver solder tubes used are the silver solder tubes in Example 1 and Example 5.

[0141] The preparation method is similar to that of Example 1, except that:

[0142] In step S2, the 20 solder tubes sleeved on the outside of the wear-resistant body are made of two metal components, 10 solder tubes have the same composition as in Example 1, and the other 10 solder tubes have the same composition as in Example 5.

[0143] Comparative Example 1

[0144] Comparative Example 1 provides a traditional silver solder without a wear-resistant body. The components of the silver solder are as follows by mass: 20 parts of Ag, 45 parts of Cu, 35 parts of Zn, and 0.05 parts of Ti.

[0145] The method for preparing the silver solder is similar to the method for preparing the silver solder tube in Example 1, with the only difference being that after obtaining the ingot, a conventional extrusion and drawing method is used to obtain a solid silver solder wire.

[0146] Comparative Example 2

[0147] Comparative Example 2 is similar to Example 1, except that it does not contain the strip-shaped wear-resistant body, and directly obtains a solid silver solder wire by a conventional extrusion and drawing method from the silver solder ingot. The composition of the silver solder is the same as that of Example 1.

[0148] Comparative Example 3

[0149] Comparative Example 3 is similar to Example 1, except that the silver solder tube does not contain Co, and the other conditions are the same as those of Example 1.

[0150] Comparative Example 4

[0151] Comparative Example 4 is similar to Example 1, except that the silver solder tube does not contain Si, and the other conditions are the same as those of Example 1.

[0152] Comparative Example 5

[0153] Comparative Example 5 is similar to Example 1, except that the silver solder tube does not contain Cr, and the other conditions are the same as those of Example 1.

[0154] Comparative Example 6

[0155] Comparative Example 6 is similar to Example 1, except that the silver solder tube does not contain Nb, and the other conditions are the same as those of Example 1.

[0156] Comparative Example 7

[0157] Comparative Example 7 is similar to Example 1, except that the mass ratio of Zn to Cu in the silver solder tube component is 0.9, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0158] Comparative Example 8

[0159] Comparative Example 8 is similar to Example 1, except that the mass ratio of Zn to Cu in the silver solder tube component is 0.7, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0160] Comparative Example 9

[0161] Comparative Example 9 is similar to Example 1, except that the mass ratio of Co to Si in the silver solder tube component is 5, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0162] Comparative Example 10

[0163] Comparative Example 10 is similar to Example 1, except that the mass ratio of Co to Si in the silver solder tube component is 3, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0164] Comparative Example 11

[0165] Comparative Example 11 is similar to Example 1, except that the mass ratio of Cr to Nb in the silver solder tube component is 2.5, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0166] Comparative Example 12

[0167] Comparative Example 12 is similar to Example 1, except that the mass ratio of Cr to Nb in the silver solder tube component is 1.0, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0168] Comparative Example 13

[0169] Comparative Example 13 is similar to Example 1, except that the wear-resistant body has no metal mesh, the wear-resistant particles coated with a brazing flux layer are filled in the silver brazing material tube in a core shape, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0170] Test Example 1

[0171] In order to investigate the performance of the brazed joints of the silver solder in each embodiment and each comparative example, the silver solder in each embodiment and each comparative example was used to braze YG8 cemented carbide and 45# steel, and a shear test was performed (performed in accordance with the provisions of GB / T11363). 20 samples were welded with each solder, and the welding conditions were: heated to complete melting, and kept warm for 15-20s. The shear strength of the joints was tested at room temperature and after being kept in an oven at 300℃ for 5 minutes, and the average values ​​were taken to calculate the strength loss rate, strength loss rate = (normal temperature strength - high temperature strength) / normal temperature strength × 100%, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0172] Table 1

[0173]

[0174] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that the joint strength of the solder brazed by the solder in the embodiment is much higher than that of the solder in the comparative example, especially the joint shear strength of the embodiment 5 is as high as 287.5MPa, which is about 64% higher than the shear strength of the conventional silver solder (comparative example 1) brazed joint 175.3MPa. In addition, it can be seen from the joint high temperature strength loss rate that the joint strength loss rate of the solder in the embodiment is relatively low, about 11%, while the joint strength loss rate of the conventional silver solder in comparative example 1 is as high as 35%, which verifies that the solder joint of the embodiment has good high temperature resistance.

[0175] The solder seam morphology in Comparative Example 1 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the results of energy spectrum analysis at different positions are shown in Table 2; the solder joint morphology in Example 1 is as follows Figure 3 The energy spectrum analysis results at different positions are shown in Table 3.

[0176] Table 2

[0177] Location Ag / at% Cu / at% Zn / at% Ti at% Possible A 3.34 64.08 32.37 0.21 copper-rich phase B 91.28 3.61 6.1 0 Silver-rich phase C 42.02 34.08 23.87 0 Eutectic

[0178] Table 3

[0179]

[0180] Depend on Figure 2 , Figure 3 It can be seen from the data in Table 2 and Table 3 that dispersed Co 2 Si、Cr 2 The Nb strengthening phase is the reason why the brazing joint of the example brazing filler metal has high strength and good high temperature resistance.

[0181] Test Example 2

[0182] In order to investigate the wear resistance of the silver solder in each embodiment and each comparative example, a 3 mm thick solder metallurgical layer was clad on a 57 mm × 25.5 mm × 6 mm 45# steel substrate using the solder in each embodiment and each comparative example, and an abrasive wear test was performed on the above samples using an MLG-130 dry rubber wheel abrasive wear tester. The test parameters were as follows: test load 20 N, abrasive 120# brown corundum sand, rubber wheel speed 100 r / min, sand flow rate 100 g / min, wear time 10 min, and the wear of different tests was expressed by weight loss. The test results are shown in Table 4.

[0183] Table 4

[0184]

[0185] It can be seen from the data in Table 4 that the wear loss of the brazing material cladding metallurgical layer of the embodiment is less than that of the comparative example, especially the wear loss of embodiment 5 is only 8.0g, while the wear loss of comparative example 1 is as high as 27.8g. That is, the wear resistance of the embodiment samples is better.

[0186] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with specific embodiments, it should be appreciated that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, this means that all such replacements and modifications within the scope of the present invention are included in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solder, characterized in that: It comprises a strip-shaped wear-resistant body and at least one solder tube sleeved outside the strip-shaped wear-resistant body. The strip-shaped wear-resistant body comprises a plurality of wear-resistant particles at the core and a metal mesh wrapped outside the plurality of wear-resistant particles. The outer surface of the wear-resistant particles is coated with a solder layer.

2. The solder according to claim 1, characterized in that Contains at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The mass ratio of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body to the entire solder is 5%-8%; (2) The mass ratio of the flux layer to the strip-shaped wear-resistant body is 5%-10%; (3) The mass ratio of the metal mesh to the strip-shaped wear-resistant body is 10%-20%; (4) The mass ratio of the wear-resistant particles to the strip-shaped wear-resistant body is 70%-85%.

3. The solder according to claim 1, characterized in that Contains at least one of the following characteristics: (1) A plurality of solder tubes are sleeved on the outer side of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body, and the compositions of the plurality of solder tubes are the same or different; (2) The solder tube comprises at least one of a silver solder tube, a copper solder tube or an aluminum solder tube; (3) The strip-shaped wear-resistant body and the solder tube are in clearance fit.

4. The solder according to claim 1, characterized in that Contains at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The wear-resistant particles include at least one of aluminum nitride, SiC, TiC, and Cr3C2; (2) The metal mesh includes any one of stainless steel mesh, copper mesh, and nickel mesh; (3) The particle size of the wear-resistant particles is not smaller than the mesh pores of the metal mesh.

5. The solder according to claim 1, characterized in that The solder tube comprises at least one silver solder tube, and the silver solder tube comprises the following components by mass: Ag 10-15 parts, Zn and Cu in a fixed ratio 80-90 parts, Ti 0.05-1.5 parts, Cr and Nb in a fixed ratio 0.06-1.5 parts, Co and Si in a fixed ratio 0.8-3 parts.

6. The solder according to claim 5, characterized in that Contains at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The mass ratio of Zn to Cu is 0.78-0.85:1; (2) The mass ratio of Cr to Nb is 1.1-2:1; (3) The mass ratio of the Co to the Si is 3.8-4.5:

1.

7. The method for preparing the solder according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. The wear-resistant particles are immersed in a semi-molten brazing flux liquid, and after the impregnation is completed, they are removed and placed on a metal mesh, and the wear-resistant particles are wrapped with the metal mesh to form a strip, and cooled to obtain a strip-shaped wear-resistant body; S2. Sleeve at least one solder tube on the outside of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body, and use the metal mesh to fasten the ends of the strip-shaped wear-resistant body and the solder tube to obtain the solder.

8. The method for preparing the solder according to claim 7, characterized in that: The preparation method of the solder tube comprises the following steps: The raw material of the brazing material tube is smelted into molten metal by inert gas protection smelting, cast to obtain an ingot, and then the brazing material tube is obtained by perforating and hot extrusion.

9. The method for preparing the solder according to claim 7, characterized in that: The solder tube comprises at least one silver solder tube, the solder flux is QJ102, the immersion temperature is 550-600° C., and the immersion time is 10-20 min.

10. Use of the brazing filler metal according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the brazing filler metal prepared by the method for preparing the brazing filler metal according to any one of claims 7 to 9 in integrated brazing of shield tools, oil drill bits or picks.

Images