Aerial surveying and mapping method based on unmanned aerial vehicle assembly

Abstract

The invention discloses an aerial surveying and mapping method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle assembly. The method comprises the steps of surveying and mapping task formulation, surveying and mapping parameter setting, ground control point layout, unmanned aerial vehicle flight shooting, image processing and configuration, data fusion and analysis and result display and application. According to the aerial photography surveying and mapping method based on the unmanned aerial vehicle assembly, the integrated process of aerial photography, data processing and result generation is achieved through the automatic flight and data processing technology, and the efficiency and precision of surveying and mapping are improved. Comprising the steps of image processing and point cloud processing, multiple data sources are comprehensively applied, and rich surveying and mapping data and analysis results are provided. The unmanned aerial vehicle is adopted for aerial photography, has the advantages of high flexibility, relatively low cost and the like, and can be suitable for various surveying and mapping tasks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, and in particular to an aerial photography and mapping method based on unmanned aerial vehicle components. Background Art

[0002] The realization of drone aerial survey mapping technology is of great significance for the demand for small-scale, high-standard mapping. However, there are generally some errors in the surveying and mapping results. These errors cause the coordinates of each position in the surveying and mapping results to differ from the actual coordinates. The difference in the coordinates of a position can reach several meters or more than ten meters. When the accuracy requirements for the surveying and mapping results are high, such errors cannot be ignored and error calibration is required.

[0003] Traditional aerial surveying and mapping methods have problems such as high cost and complex operation, which limit the efficiency and application scope of surveying and mapping. The existing drone aerial surveying and mapping method process has the limitations of decentralized data processing process and manual intervention. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an aerial photography and mapping method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle component, which aims to solve the problems raised in the background technology and other problems.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an aerial photography and mapping method based on UAV components, including surveying and mapping task formulation, setting of surveying and mapping parameters, layout of ground control points, UAV flight photography, image processing and configuration, data fusion and analysis, and result display and application.

[0006] Further, the mapping task formulation includes formulating a flight plan for the UAV according to the requirements of the mapping task, including waypoint setting: determining key points that the UAV needs to pass during the flight;

[0007] Flight altitude selection: Determine the flight altitude of the drone, that is, the vertical distance between the drone and the ground. The choice of flight altitude depends on the needs of the surveying and mapping mission and the geographical characteristics;

[0008] Flight speed selection: Determine the flight speed of the drone, that is, the distance the drone moves per unit time. The selection of flight speed needs to consider the frequency and quality of image acquisition;

[0009] Flight schedule: According to the workload of the surveying and mapping task and the endurance of the UAV, the flight schedule is made, which includes the take-off time, flight duration, intervals for charging or replacing batteries, etc., to ensure that the UAV can complete the entire surveying and mapping task;

[0010] Flight restriction considerations: Consider flight laws and regulations, environmental constraints and safety requirements. When making a flight plan, you need to consider factors such as airspace restrictions, weather conditions, obstacles, etc. to ensure the flight safety and compliance of the drone.

[0011] Furthermore, the surveying and mapping parameters are set according to the size, terrain and surveying and mapping accuracy requirements of the target area, the aerial photography mode of the UAV flight is set, and the appropriate shooting interval and frequency are selected as needed to obtain sufficient image coverage and overlap. The camera settings, adjust the camera parameters, select the camera resolution and format according to the needs of the surveying and mapping task to meet the requirements of subsequent data processing and analysis, set the overlap between images, that is, the proportion of the surface area shared between adjacent images, the settings of the front and back overlap and the lateral overlap affect the effects of subsequent image matching and stitching, as well as the recognition and measurement accuracy of land features, sensor settings, select appropriate sensor settings according to the needs of the surveying and mapping task and the available sensors, which includes setting lidar parameters, thermal infrared sensor functions, multispectral sensor band selection, etc., to obtain specific types of geographic information data.

[0012] Furthermore, the ground control point layout includes setting ground control points within the surveying area and setting the boundary range of aerial photography. Through the layout of ground control points, the precision and accuracy of drone surveying data can be improved, and it can be ensured that the surveying results correspond to the geographic coordinate system of the real world.

[0013] Furthermore, the drone flight photography includes the drone performing automated aerial photography tasks in the target area according to the flight plan, carrying a high-resolution camera for aerial photography, capturing ground image data, obtaining surface image data and point cloud data, thereby realizing the surveying and mapping of terrain and objects. The camera can be selected from RGB cameras, thermal infrared cameras, multispectral cameras, etc.

[0014] Furthermore, the image processing and configuration include importing images taken by drones, image quality control, image correction, image stitching, object extraction and measurement, image stitching based on overlapping areas and features between adjacent images, generating panoramas or three-dimensional models of buildings, terrain, etc., and then integrating aerial image data and other geographic data to perform geographic location positioning, layer management, attribute query, and geographic analysis.

[0015] Furthermore, the data fusion and analysis include sensor data fusion, which is the integration of data from different sensors to make full use of the information provided by different sensors and enhance the diversity and richness of data, and spatial data alignment. Since the UAV has posture changes and position errors during flight, the collected data needs to be spatially aligned to ensure spatial alignment between different data sources. This can be achieved by matching image or point cloud data with ground reference data, aligning feature points, etc.

[0016] Furthermore, the result display and application include displaying and applying the processed data results according to the requirements of the surveying and mapping tasks, generating three-dimensional maps, digital elevation models, land feature classification results, etc., to provide reference and basic data for geological exploration, land planning, urban construction and other work.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] The invention discloses an aerial photography surveying method based on drone components, which realizes an integrated process of aerial photography, data processing and result generation through automated flight and data processing technology, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of surveying and mapping. The method includes image processing and point cloud processing steps, and comprehensively applies multiple data sources to provide rich surveying and mapping data and analysis results. The use of drones for aerial photography has the advantages of high flexibility and relatively low cost, and can be applied to various surveying and mapping tasks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of an aerial photography and mapping method based on an unmanned aerial vehicle component of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same components are represented by the same reference numerals.

[0021] It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up" and "down" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the words "inside" and "outside" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0022] In order to make the contents of the present invention more clearly understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, an aerial photography and mapping method based on UAV components is characterized by including mapping task formulation, setting mapping parameters, ground control point layout, UAV flight photography, image processing and configuration, data fusion and analysis, and result display and application.

[0024] Mapping task formulation includes developing a UAV flight plan based on the requirements of the mapping task, including waypoint setting: determining the key points that the UAV needs to pass during the flight;

[0025] Flight altitude selection: Determine the flight altitude of the drone, that is, the vertical distance between the drone and the ground. The choice of flight altitude depends on the needs of the surveying and mapping mission and the geographical characteristics;

[0026] Flight speed selection: Determine the flight speed of the drone, that is, the distance the drone moves per unit time. The selection of flight speed needs to consider the frequency and quality of image acquisition;

[0027] Flight schedule: According to the workload of the surveying and mapping task and the endurance of the UAV, the flight schedule is made, which includes the take-off time, flight duration, intervals for charging or replacing batteries, etc., to ensure that the UAV can complete the entire surveying and mapping task;

[0028] Flight restriction considerations: Consider flight laws and regulations, environmental constraints and safety requirements. When making a flight plan, you need to consider factors such as airspace restrictions, weather conditions, obstacles, etc. to ensure the flight safety and compliance of the drone.

[0029] Set the surveying and mapping parameters according to the size, terrain and surveying and mapping accuracy requirements of the target area, set the aerial photography mode of the UAV flight, select the appropriate shooting interval and frequency as needed to obtain sufficient image coverage and overlap, camera settings, adjust the camera parameters, select the camera resolution and format according to the needs of the surveying and mapping task to meet the requirements of subsequent data processing and analysis, set the overlap between images, that is, the proportion of the surface area shared between adjacent images, the settings of the front and back overlap and the lateral overlap affect the effects of subsequent image matching and stitching, as well as the identification and measurement accuracy of ground features, sensor settings, select appropriate sensor settings according to the needs of the surveying and mapping task and the available sensors, which includes setting lidar parameters, thermal infrared sensor functions, multispectral sensor band selection, etc., to obtain specific types of geographic information data.

[0030] Ground control point layout includes setting up ground control points within the surveying area and setting the boundary range of aerial photography. Through the layout of ground control points, the precision and accuracy of drone mapping data can be improved, and it can be ensured that the surveying results correspond to the real-world geographic coordinate system.

[0031] Drone flight photography includes the drone performing automated aerial photography tasks in the target area according to the flight plan, carrying out aerial photography with a high-resolution camera, capturing ground image data, obtaining surface image data and point cloud data, thereby realizing the surveying and mapping of terrain and objects. The camera can be selected from RGB camera, thermal infrared camera, multispectral camera, etc.

[0032] Image processing and configuration include importing images taken by drones, image quality control, image correction, image stitching, object extraction and measurement, image stitching based on overlapping areas and features between adjacent images, generating panoramas or three-dimensional models of buildings, terrain, etc., and integrating aerial image data and other geographic data to locate geographic locations, manage layers, query attributes, and conduct geographic analysis.

[0033] Data fusion and analysis include sensor data fusion, which is the integration of data from different sensors to make full use of the information provided by different sensors and enhance the diversity and richness of data. Spatial data registration. Since drones have attitude changes and position errors during flight, the collected data needs to be spatially registered to ensure spatial alignment between different data sources. This can be achieved by matching image or point cloud data with ground reference data, aligning feature points, etc.

[0034] The display and application of results include displaying and applying the processed data results according to the requirements of the surveying and mapping tasks, generating three-dimensional maps, digital elevation models, land feature classification results, etc., to provide reference and basic data for geological exploration, land planning, urban construction and other work.

[0035] Working principle, first of all, formulate a UAV flight plan, including flight altitude selection, flight speed selection, flight time arrangement, flight time arrangement, flight restriction considerations can ensure that the UAV can perform surveying and mapping tasks efficiently and safely, cover the required area, and meet the quality requirements of surveying and mapping data. According to the characteristics of surveying and mapping tasks and equipment, comprehensive considerations and adjustments are made to ensure high-quality and efficient surveying and mapping work, control points are laid out on the ground, the precision and accuracy of UAV surveying and mapping data are improved, and the surveying and mapping results correspond to the geographic coordinate system of the real world. When ready, UAV aerial photography can be carried out, and images taken by humans and machines are processed, image quality control, image correction, image stitching, ground object extraction and measurement are carried out, and image stitching is carried out according to the overlapping areas and features between adjacent images, and multi-source data is integrated to provide more comprehensive, accurate and reliable information, and support various application fields, such as geographic information systems, environmental monitoring, agricultural management, urban planning, etc. Through data fusion, data analysis and knowledge extraction can be carried out from different angles and dimensions to help decision makers make well-founded decisions.

[0036] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aerial photography and mapping method based on drone components, characterized in that: It includes surveying and mapping task formulation, setting of surveying and mapping parameters, layout of ground control points, drone flight photography, image processing and equipment, data fusion and analysis, and result display and application.

2. The aerial photography and mapping method based on drone components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surveying and mapping task formulation includes formulating a flight plan for the UAV according to the requirements of the surveying and mapping task, including waypoint setting: determining key points that the UAV needs to pass during the flight; Flight altitude selection: Determine the flight altitude of the drone, that is, the vertical distance between the drone and the ground. The choice of flight altitude depends on the needs of the surveying and mapping mission and the geographical characteristics; Flight speed selection: Determine the flight speed of the drone, that is, the distance the drone moves per unit time. The selection of flight speed needs to consider the frequency and quality of image acquisition; Flight schedule: According to the workload of the surveying and mapping task and the endurance of the UAV, the flight schedule is made, which includes the take-off time, flight duration, intervals for charging or replacing batteries, etc., to ensure that the UAV can complete the entire surveying and mapping task; Flight restriction considerations: Consider flight laws and regulations, environmental constraints and safety requirements. When making a flight plan, you need to consider factors such as airspace restrictions, weather conditions, obstacles, etc. to ensure the flight safety and compliance of the drone.

3. The aerial photography and mapping method based on drone components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The setting of surveying and mapping parameters sets the aerial photography mode of the UAV flight according to the size, terrain and surveying and mapping accuracy requirements of the target area, selects the appropriate shooting interval and frequency as needed to obtain sufficient image coverage and overlap, camera settings, adjusts camera parameters, selects camera resolution and format according to the needs of the surveying and mapping task to meet the requirements of subsequent data processing and analysis, sets the overlap between images, that is, the proportion of the surface area shared between adjacent images, and the settings of the front and back overlap and the lateral overlap affect the effects of subsequent image matching and stitching, as well as the recognition and measurement accuracy of land features, sensor settings, selects appropriate sensor settings according to the needs of the surveying and mapping task and available sensors, which includes setting lidar parameters, thermal infrared sensor functions, multispectral sensor band selection, etc., to obtain specific types of geographic information data.

4. The aerial photography and mapping method based on drone components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground control point layout includes setting ground control points in the surveying area and setting the boundary range of aerial photography. Through the ground control point layout, the precision and accuracy of UAV surveying data can be improved, and it can be ensured that the surveying results correspond to the geographic coordinate system of the real world.

5. The aerial photography and mapping method based on drone components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drone flight photography includes the drone performing automated aerial photography tasks in the target area according to the flight plan, carrying out aerial photography with a high-resolution camera, capturing ground image data, obtaining surface image data and point cloud data, thereby realizing the surveying and mapping of terrain and objects. The camera can be selected from RGB cameras, thermal infrared cameras, multi-spectral cameras, etc.

6. The aerial photography surveying and mapping method based on drone components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The image processing and configuration include importing images taken by drones, image quality control, image correction, image stitching, object extraction and measurement, image stitching based on overlapping areas and features between adjacent images, generating panoramas or three-dimensional models of buildings, terrain, etc., and integrating aerial image data and other geographic data to locate geographic locations, manage layers, query attributes, and conduct geographic analysis.

7. The aerial photography and mapping method based on drone components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data fusion and analysis include sensor data fusion, which is the integration of data from different sensors to make full use of the information provided by different sensors and enhance the diversity and richness of data, and spatial data registration. Since the UAV has posture changes and position errors during flight, the collected data needs to be spatially registered to ensure spatial alignment between different data sources. This can be achieved by matching image or point cloud data with ground reference data, aligning feature points, etc.

8. The aerial photography and mapping method based on drone components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The result display and application include displaying and applying the processed data results according to the requirements of the surveying and mapping tasks, generating three-dimensional maps, digital elevation models, land feature classification results, etc., to provide reference and basic data for geological exploration, land planning, urban construction and other work.

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