Replacement cow feed containing coffee residue fermented feed composition

Abstract

The present invention provides a replacement cow feed containing a coffee residue fermented feed composition, and the replacement cow feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of oat grass, 5-15 parts of a concentrate, 10-25 parts of tabletted corn, 30-50 parts of corn silage, and 5-10 parts of the coffee residue fermented feed composition, the coffee residue fermented feed composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 38-50 parts of coffee residues, 2-5 parts of corn, 3-6 parts of pomace, 38-50 parts of millet bran, 0.5-1.5 parts of urea and 0.2-0.4 part of rice bran, a mixed strain comprising lactobacillus plantarum and saccharomyces cerevisiae in a mass ratio of 1: (0.8-1.2) is adopted for fermentation, and the addition amount of the mixed strain is 0.8-1.2 wt%. According to the present invention, the coffee residue fermented feed composition is added, such that the provided replacement cow feed can significantly improve the daily gain, the daily average feed intake, the crude protein apparent digestibility and the organic matter digestibility of replacement cows. From the aspect of economic benefits, the weight gain income is increased by about 4%; meanwhile, the content of active substances such as kojic acid and soy isoflavone in serum of the replacement cows is increased, and the body health of the replacement cows is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fermented feed, in particular to a reserve dairy cow feed containing a coffee grounds fermented feed composition. Background Art

[0002] Coffee planting in my country is mainly concentrated in Yunnan, Hainan, Sichuan and other regions, with Yunnan having the highest total output, reaching 113,600 tons. Coffee grounds are a by-product of coffee production, with each ton of coffee beans producing about 650 kg of coffee grounds by-products. A large amount of coffee grounds increases the cost of waste disposal.

[0003] The direct use of coffee grounds as a by-product has problems such as low digestibility, high moisture content, and easy spoilage. This also limits the application of coffee grounds. At present, the application of coffee grounds is mainly as an additive, adding a small amount to improve the taste of feed. Since coffee grounds themselves have a high fiber content, adding a large amount to the diet of ruminants will lead to problems such as reduced animal feed intake and reduced nutrient digestibility. The large-scale utilization of coffee grounds has not been achieved, and the pollution problem of coffee grounds still exists. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the pollution problem caused by the failure to utilize coffee grounds in large quantities in the prior art, the first aspect of the present invention provides a reserve dairy cow feed containing a coffee ground fermented feed composition. First, coffee grounds are used as one of the main raw materials for microbial fermentation to obtain a coffee ground fermented feed composition, which is then applied to reserve dairy cow feed to achieve large-scale effective utilization of coffee grounds and solve the pollution problem of coffee grounds.

[0005] In a first aspect, a feed for replacement dairy cows containing a fermented coffee grounds feed composition is provided, which comprises, by weight: 5-8 parts of oat straw, 5-15 parts of concentrate, 10-25 parts of flaked corn, 30-50 parts of corn silage, and 5-10 parts of the fermented coffee grounds feed composition; Among them, the raw materials of the coffee grounds fermented feed composition include 38-50 parts of coffee grounds, 2-5 parts of corn, 3-6 parts of pomace, 38-50 parts of millet bran, 0.5-1.5 parts of urea, and 0.2-0.4 parts of rice bran, and are fermented with a mixed strain of plant lactobacillus and brewer's yeast in a mass ratio of 1: (0.8-1.2), and the addition amount of the mixed strain is 0.8-1.2wt%.

[0006] The feed for dairy cows containing a fermented coffee grounds feed composition provided by the present invention uses coffee grounds as a main culture matrix, obtains a fermented coffee grounds feed composition through anaerobic fermentation by microorganisms, and is further applied to feed for dairy cows, thereby realizing a large amount of repeated utilization of coffee grounds, promoting full utilization of the effective components of the coffee grounds, effectively solving the pollution problem of coffee grounds, and improving the daily weight gain, daily average feed intake, weight gain benefits, etc. of dairy cows. In addition, since the waste coffee grounds are used as the main raw material, the cost is low, thereby solving the current domestic aquaculture protein feed resource shortage and high price industry problems.

[0007] In some embodiments, the fermentation temperature of the coffee grounds fermented feed composition is 25-30° C. by weight.

[0008] In some embodiments, the fermentation time of the coffee grounds fermented feed composition is 7-10 days.

[0009] In some embodiments, the fermentation material-liquid ratio of the coffee grounds fermented feed composition is 1:(0.8-1.2).

[0010] In some embodiments, the concentrate includes 30-40% soybean meal, 40-50% corn meal and 20-30% flaked corn.

[0011] In some embodiments, the raw materials of the coffee grounds fermented feed composition further include 0.01-0.03 parts of saccharin and / or 0.01-0.04 parts of flavoring agent by weight.

[0012] In some embodiments, the raw materials of the reserve dairy cow feed include 40-50 parts of coffee grounds, 3-4 parts of corn, 4-6 parts of pomace, 40-50 parts of millet bran, 0.8-1.2 parts of urea, 0.2-0.3 parts of rice bran, 0.01-0.03 parts of saccharin, and 0.01-0.03 parts of flavoring agent, preferably with a total amount of 100 parts.

[0013] In a second aspect, a method for preparing the reserve dairy cow feed in the process is provided, comprising: mixing the raw materials, adding 20-30 parts by weight of water, and continuing to stir to mix evenly.

[0014] In a third aspect, there is provided application of the reserve dairy cow feed and / or the reserve dairy cow feed obtained by the preparation method in the production of reserve dairy cows.

[0015] In some embodiments, the application is: using the replacement dairy cow feed as a replacement dairy cow diet, comprising: 1.11 kg of oat hay, 1.66 kg of concentrate, 3.33 kg of flaked corn, 6.76.9 kg of corn silage, 1.33 kg of coffee grounds fermented feed composition, and 4.15 kg of water.

[0016] The present invention uses coffee grounds and millet bran as main raw materials for microbial fermentation. By optimizing the solid-state fermentation process of coffee grounds, the present invention contains a variety of enzymes and antibacterial active substances. The present invention is a green feed product with both medicinal and nutritional functions. The present invention is further applied to the feed for reserve dairy cows to obtain the feed for reserve dairy cows containing the coffee grounds fermentation feed composition, which can improve the daily weight gain, daily average feed intake, crude protein apparent digestibility, and organic matter digestibility of the reserve dairy cows. From the perspective of economic benefits, the weight gain benefits can be improved; at the same time, the content of active substances such as kojic acid and soybean isoflavones in the serum of reserve dairy cows is increased, and the health of the reserve dairy cows is promoted.

[0017] The reserve dairy cow feed containing the fermented feed composition of coffee grounds provided by the present invention pre-treats the coffee grounds by solid-state fermentation, thereby improving the nutritional value of the fermented feed of coffee grounds; achieving the goals of improving the quality and efficiency of animal husbandry, increasing sources of income and increasing materials, and providing technical support for ensuring the supply of feed raw materials and stabilizing food security. The reserve dairy cow feed containing the fermented feed composition of coffee grounds provided by the present invention has a reference significance for the use of coffee grounds in animal husbandry and other fields.

[0018] The reserve dairy cow feed containing the coffee grounds fermented feed composition provided by the present invention effectively reduces the waste disposal cost.

[0019] It has been verified that adding fermented coffee grounds to feed composition can increase the daily weight gain of replacement dairy cows by 4%; increase the average daily feed intake by 2.6%; significantly increase the apparent digestibility of crude protein (increased by 11.6%); and increase the digestibility of organic matter by 2.3%. Adding fermented coffee grounds increases the content of active substances such as kojic acid and soy isoflavones in the serum of replacement dairy cows, promoting the health of replacement dairy cows. From the perspective of economic benefits, there is no significant difference in the unit price of feed with fermented coffee grounds, and the weight gain benefit is increased by about 4%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 It is one of the PCOA graphs of blood metabolomics of the replacement dairy cow feed containing coffee grounds fermented feed and the replacement dairy cow fed with a basic diet provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 One of the blood differential metabolite graphs of replacement dairy cow feed containing fermented coffee grounds feed and replacement dairy cows fed with a basic diet provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 The present invention provides one of the differential metabolite enrichment pathways in the blood of replacement dairy cows fed with coffee grounds fermented feed and replacement dairy cows fed with a basic diet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making any creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] The study found that the crude protein content of coffee grounds is 11.8%, the crude fat content is 18.0%, and the crude fiber content is 42.5% to 58.0%. In addition, coffee grounds are rich in caffeine, chlorogenic acid, polyphenols, fenugreek and other active substances. It can be seen that coffee grounds are rich in nutrients and can be used as an unconventional feed raw material with high potential utilization value and good application prospects, and can help solve the environmental pollution problem caused by waste coffee grounds.

[0026] Aiming at the key problems of tightening supply and demand of feed raw materials in my country and insufficient exploration and utilization of new feed resources, the present invention takes coffee grounds as the research object, applies them to the production of reserve dairy cows after solid-state fermentation, and studies their application effects on reserve dairy cows, so as to achieve the goals of improving the quality and efficiency of animal husbandry, increasing source of resources and increasing feed, and providing technical support for ensuring the supply of feed raw materials and stabilizing food security.

[0027] The first aspect of the present invention provides a feed for replacement dairy cows containing a fermented coffee grounds feed composition, which comprises, by weight: 5-8 parts of oat straw, 5-15 parts of concentrate, 10-25 parts of flaked corn, 30-50 parts of corn silage, 5-10 parts of the fermented coffee grounds feed composition, and 20-30 parts of water. Preferably, the total amount is 100 parts.

[0028] In some embodiments, a diet for reserve dairy cows is provided, which includes 6 parts of oat straw, 9 parts of concentrate, 18 parts of flaked corn, 37 parts of corn silage, 7 parts of a fermented feed composition of coffee grounds, and 23 parts of water; specifically, the composition formula can be: 1.11 kg of oat straw, 1.66 kg of concentrate, 3.33 kg of flaked corn, 6.7 kg of corn silage, 1.33 kg of a fermented feed composition of coffee grounds, and 4.15 kg of water.

[0029] The preparation method of the coffee grounds fermented feed composition is as follows: the raw materials include 38-50 parts of coffee grounds, 2-5 parts of corn, 3-6 parts of pomace, 38-50 parts of millet bran, 0.5-1.5 parts of urea, and 0.2-0.4 parts of brown sugar by weight, and a mixed strain of plant lactobacillus and saccharomyces cerevisiae in a mass ratio of 1: (0.8-1.2) is used for fermentation, and the addition amount of the mixed strain is 0.8-1.2wt%. Preferably, the total weight of the raw materials of the coffee grounds fermented feed composition is 100 parts.

[0030] The ratio of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be 1:0.8, 1:0.9, 1:1, 1:1.1, 1:1.2, or a range of these specific ratios, such as 1:(1.0-1.2), 1:(0.8-1.0), 1:(0.9-1.1), etc.; the addition amount of the mixed strains can be 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, or a range of these point values, such as 0.8-1.0%, 1.0-1.2%, 0.9-1.1%, etc., which are not listed here one by one.

[0031] The coffee grounds fermented feed composition for dairy cows provided by the present invention uses coffee grounds as a main culture matrix, obtains the coffee grounds fermented feed composition through fermentation, and further applies the coffee grounds to dairy cow feed (such as daily feed), thereby achieving a large amount of repeated utilization of coffee grounds, promoting full utilization of the effective components of coffee grounds, and effectively solving the pollution problem of coffee grounds. In addition, since the waste coffee grounds are used as the main raw material, the cost is low, and the current domestic aquaculture protein feed resource shortage and high price industry problems such as high cost are solved.

[0032] In some embodiments, the fermentation temperature of the coffee grounds fermented feed composition is 25-30° C. The fermentation temperature can be 25° C., 26° C., 27° C., 28° C., 29° C., 30° C., or a temperature range consisting of these point values, such as 26-28° C., 26-30° C., 25-28° C., 27-29° C., etc., which are not listed here one by one.

[0033] In some embodiments, the fermentation time is 7-10 days. The fermentation time can be 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, or a time range composed thereof, such as 7-9 days, 8-10 days, etc., which are not listed here one by one.

[0034] In some embodiments, the material-liquid ratio of the fermentation is 1:(0.8-1.2). The material-liquid ratio can be 1:0.8, 1:0.9, 1:1.0, 1:1.1, 1:1.2, or a range of these point values, such as 1:(1.0-1.2), 1:(0.8-1.0), 1:(0.9-1.1), etc., which are not listed here one by one.

[0035] In some embodiments, the concentrate includes 30-40% soybean meal, 40-50% corn flour and 20-30% flaked corn, for example 34% soybean meal, 42% corn flour and 24% flaked corn.

[0036] In some embodiments, saccharin and flavoring agents may be added to improve taste and smell. Specifically, the raw materials of the coffee grounds fermented feed composition may further include 0.02-0.04 parts of saccharin and / or 0.03-0.05 parts of flavoring agents by weight.

[0037] In some embodiments, the raw materials of the reserve dairy cow feed include 40-50 parts of coffee grounds, 3-4 parts of corn, 4-6 parts of pomace, 40-50 parts of millet bran, 0.8-1.2 parts of urea, 0.2-0.3 parts of brown sugar, 0.01-0.03 parts of saccharin, and 0.04-0.05 parts of flavoring agent, preferably with a total amount of 100 parts.

[0038] In a second aspect, a method for preparing the reserve dairy cow feed containing the coffee grounds fermented feed composition is provided: oat straw, concentrate, flaked corn, corn silage, and the coffee grounds fermented feed composition are premixed, water is added, and stirring is continued to mix evenly.

[0039] In the examples, information of each raw material is shown in Table 1.

[0040] Table 1 Information on ingredients, sources, etc. of each raw material

[0041] If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the examples, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or the product instructions are used. If no manufacturer is specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0042] The present invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that these embodiments are merely illustrative and do not limit the present invention in any way.

[0043] Example 1 The present embodiment provides a daily diet feed for replacement dairy cows containing a fermented coffee grounds feed composition, which is composed of: 1.11 kg of oat straw, 1.66 kg of concentrate, 3.33 kg of flaked corn, 6.76.9 kg of corn silage, 1.33 kg of the fermented coffee grounds feed composition, and 4.15 kg of water.

[0044] The concentrate includes 34% soybean meal, 42% corn flour and 24% flaked corn.

[0045] The raw material formula of the coffee grounds fermented feed composition is as follows:

[0046] The fermentation process is as follows: based on the total weight of the raw materials, 1% of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a 1:1 ratio by mass are added, and fermentation is carried out for 10 days at a temperature of 30° C. and a material-liquid ratio of 1:1.

[0047] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the daily ration feed for replacement dairy cows: weigh various raw materials for premixing, and then add water and mix evenly.

[0048] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a daily diet feed for a reserve dairy cow, which is a basic daily diet: 1.42 kg of oat grass, 2.13 kg of concentrated feed, 2.13 kg of flaked corn, 8.69 kg of corn silage, and 2.76 kg of water.

[0049] Raw materials directly affect the performance, nutritional content, etc. of feed, so firstly, the coffee grounds fermented feed composition was tested.

[0050] Test Example 1 Determination of the fermentation quality of coffee grounds fermented feed composition Test subject: the coffee grounds fermented feed composition in Example 1.

[0051] Test method: Weigh 20g sample, pour into a 200mL conical flask with a stopper, add 180mL distilled water, shake gently, extract in a 4℃ refrigerator for 24h, and shake well on time; take out and filter with filter paper, add the filtrate into a 10mL test tube, and store at -20℃. The content of lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA) and butyric acid (BA) was analyzed by German Sykam ion chromatography, with a working temperature of 30℃ column temperature, a flow rate of 1.2mL / min, and an injection volume of 50μL. The test was performed twice to ensure the stability of the data.

[0052] Test results: See Table 2.

[0053] Table 2 Fermentation quality determination of coffee grounds fermented feed composition (mg / mL)

[0054] As can be seen from Table 2, more organic acids are produced by microbial fermentation during the fermentation process, which improves the quality of the fermented feed.

[0055] Test Example 2 Determination of conventional nutrients in coffee grounds fermented feed composition Test subject: the coffee grounds fermented feed composition in Example 1.

[0056] Test method: Dry matter is tested according to GB / T6435-2006; moisture is tested according to GB / T6435-2006; crude protein GB / T6432-1994; crude fat GB / T6433-2006 is tested by using the filter bag method using a semi-automatic filter bag fat tester (G100); neutral detergent fiber is tested according to GB / T 20806-2006; acid detergent fiber is tested according to NY / T1459-2007. The content of conventional nutrients is absolute dry basis (DM%) (test result / dry matter content × 100%).

[0057] Test results: See Table 3.

[0058] Table 3 General nutritional composition of coffee grounds fermented feed (DM%)

[0059] As can be seen from Table 3, coffee grounds fermented feed has certain nutritional value and can be used in ruminant production.

[0060] Test Example 3 Determination of active substances in feed Test subject: The coffee grounds fermented feed composition involved in Example 1.

[0061] Test method: The samples were sent to Guangzhou Kidio Biotechnology Co., Ltd. for testing.

[0062] Test results: linoleic acid, quinine, isomaltose, phenyllactic acid, linolenic acid, (r)-2-hydroxystearic acid, peppermint, (+)-catechin, L-pyroglutamic acid, aurantium, asiatica acid, quinacridone, acetylcarnitine.

[0063] It can be seen from the results that the fermented coffee grounds feed composition in Example 1 contains a variety of antibacterial and antioxidant active substances.

[0064] Experimental Example 4 Effect of using the coffee grounds fermented feed composition on heifers Test subjects: the daily ration feed for replacement dairy cows containing the fermented coffee grounds feed composition provided in Example 1 and Comparative Example 4.

[0065] Test method: 1 Experimental design A total of 60 Holstein heifers of similar weight and age were selected for the experiment, with 30 in each group. The formal experiment lasted for 30 days. The coffee grounds diet groups were set up according to the palatability and nutritional needs of the calves for the coffee grounds diet, namely (1) the untreated basal diet group (control group), which was fed according to the daily feeding method of the ranch; (2) the coffee grounds diet group (treatment group): based on the control group, the addition amount of fermented coffee grounds feed for each cow was 1.33 kg. During the experiment, the calves were allowed to eat and drink freely.

[0066] 2 Measurement indicators 2.1 Determination of growth performance indicators: The weight of the heifers was measured at the beginning and end of the experiment, and the average daily weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were calculated to evaluate the effect of coffee grounds feed on the growth and development of the heifers.

[0067] 2.2 Nutrient digestibility determination: The feed intake of replacement dairy cows was determined, and feed and feces were collected and analyzed for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), dry matter (DM), crude fat (EE), and hydrochloric acid insoluble ash (AIA). The digestibility of coffee grounds diet for replacement dairy cows was calculated.

[0068] 2.3 Blood metabolomics analysis: Non-targeted metabolomics was used to perform differential analysis of blood metabolites.

[0069] 2.4 Analysis of fecal microbiota diversity: 16S high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbiota structure and identify differential microbiota.

[0070] 3 Test sampling process 3.1 Body weight and feed-to-weight ratio: Measure the weight of the calves at the beginning and end of the experiment, a total of 2 measurements, to calculate the average daily weight gain (ADG). Weigh the leftover feed on time every day, and so on, accurately record the feed intake of the replacement cattle throughout the whole period, to calculate the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed-to-weight ratio (F / G) of the replacement cattle throughout the experiment. Daily weight gain = final weight – initial weight Average daily weight gain = (final weight – initial weight) / number of days measured 3.2 Daily feed intake: During the experiment, the amount of feed and residual feed of the cattle were recorded in detail every day to calculate the average daily feed intake (ADFI).

[0071] Average daily feed intake (unit: grams / head / day) = total feed intake (unit: grams) / number of feeding days (unit: days) / number of test cows (unit: head) Dry matter intake: average daily feed intake*average dry matter percentage 3.3 Feed conversion rate: Feed conversion rate is generally expressed as the feed consumption to weight gain ratio. This test calculates the feed to weight ratio.

[0072] Feed-to-weight ratio = standard feed consumption during the feeding period (kg) ÷ weight gain during the same period (kg) 3.4 Feces collection and apparent digestibility of nutrients: From the 27th to the 30th day of the test period, digestion and metabolism tests were carried out. Fecal samples were collected at 9 am and 14 pm every day, and 200 g of fecal samples were collected each time for 3 consecutive days. 10 mL of 10% tartaric acid was added to the fecal samples for nitrogen fixation to avoid the loss of ammonia nitrogen in the feces. After the fecal samples were collected, all fecal samples were dried and crushed at 65°C, and the fecal samples of the same cow for three days were mixed in equal amounts for the determination of conventional nutrients.

[0073] Apparent digestibility of each nutrient (%) = 100-(100×A / A1×B1 / B) Where: A——2 mol / L hydrochloric acid insoluble ash content in the feed (%); A1——the content of ash insoluble in 2 mol / L hydrochloric acid in feces (%); B1——Content of a certain nutrient in feces (%); B——Content of a certain nutrient in the feed (%).

[0074] 3.5 Plasma metabolites: At the end of the trial period, blood samples were collected by tail vein method, 10 mL each time. After each collection, the samples were kept in a low-temperature dry environment for 3 h, placed in a centrifuge, and centrifuged at 3500 r / min for 15 min. The serum was collected in a 1.5 mL centrifuge tube and stored at -20℃ for testing.

[0075] Test results: (1) The effect of adding coffee grounds to the diet on the growth performance of replacement cattle is shown in Table 4. Table 4 Effect of adding coffee grounds to the diet on the growth performance of heifers

[0076] As shown in Table 4, compared with the control group, the coffee grounds group had no significant differences in final weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed-to-weight ratio ( P >0.05), but the average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain of the coffee grounds group increased, and the feed-to-weight ratio decreased. The results showed that adding coffee grounds to the diet can promote the growth performance of replacement cattle and achieve the goal of replacing conventional feed raw materials.

[0077] (2) The effect of adding coffee grounds to the diet on the apparent digestibility of nutrients in replacement cattle is shown in Table 5.

[0078] Table 5 Effect of adding coffee grounds to the diet on the apparent digestibility of nutrients in heifers (DM%)

[0079] As shown in Table 5, the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude ash in the coffee grounds group was significantly increased compared with the control group ( P <0.05), among which crude protein increased by 11.6% and crude ash increased by 25.4%. There was no significant difference in DM and OM content between the two groups ( P >0.05). This indicates that fermented coffee grounds have a certain effect on improving the apparent digestibility of nutrients.

[0080] (3) Effect of adding coffee grounds to the diet on the economic benefits of replacement cattle Table 6 Effect of adding coffee grounds to the diet on the economic benefits of replacement cattle

[0081] As shown in Table 6, there was no significant difference in feed cost between the coffee grounds group and the control group, but the weight gain benefit per head increased.

[0082] (4) Effects of adding coffee grounds to the diet on serum metabolomics of heifers like Figure 1-Figure 3 shown.

[0083] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that there is a significant separation in metabolic characteristics between the control group and the coffee grounds group, which indicates that the metabolic characteristics of the heifers in the coffee grounds group are significantly different from those in the control group.

[0084] exist Figure 2 The top 10 metabolites observed in the experiment were: prostaglandin B2, kojic acid, serum indoxyl sulfate, soy isoflavones, isocitric acid, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-Galloyl-β- d -glucose, serum glycocholic acid, phosphoric acid, and sodium glycodeoxycholate. Kojic acid has antiseptic and antibacterial effects; soy isoflavones are flavonoid compounds and are bioactive substances. They mainly reduce the level of free radicals in the liver and myocardium, increase the activity of liver superoxide dismutase and liver and myocardium glutathione peroxidase, and promote the health of the body.

[0085] Depend on Figure 3 The displayed information is the pathway information of the significantly enriched metabolites. The significantly enriched pathways are: arachidonic acid metabolism, caffeine metabolism, Warburg effect, phosphoinositide pathway, glutamate metabolism, phenylacetic acid metabolism, fructose metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism, pyruvate metabolism. This indicates that adding fermented coffee grounds to the diet affects the body's protein and fatty acid metabolism.

[0086] In summary, adding coffee grounds fermented feed composition can increase the daily weight gain of replacement dairy cows by 4%; increase the daily average feed intake by 2.6%; significantly increase the apparent digestibility of crude protein by 11.6%; and increase the digestibility of organic matter by 2.3%. From the perspective of economic benefits, the weight gain benefit is increased by about 4%. Adding fermented coffee grounds increases the content of active substances such as kojic acid and soy isoflavones in the serum of replacement dairy cows, promoting the health of replacement dairy cows.

[0087] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for dairy cows containing a fermented coffee grounds feed composition, characterized in that: The composition comprises, by weight: 5-8 parts of oat straw, 5-15 parts of concentrate, 10-25 parts of flaked corn, 30-50 parts of corn silage, and 5-10 parts of a fermented feed composition of coffee grounds; The coffee grounds fermented feed composition comprises, by weight, 38-50 parts of coffee grounds, 2-5 parts of corn, 3-6 parts of pomace, 38-50 parts of millet bran, 0.5-1.5 parts of urea, and 0.2-0.4 parts of brown sugar. The composition is fermented with a mixed strain of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a mass ratio of 1:(0.8-1.2), and the added amount of the mixed strain is 0.8-1.2wt%.

2. The feed for replacement dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation temperature of the coffee grounds fermented feed composition is 25-30°C.

3. The feed for replacement dairy cows according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The fermentation time of the coffee grounds fermented feed composition is 7-10 days.

4. The feed for replacement dairy cows according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The fermentation material-liquid ratio of the coffee grounds fermented feed composition is 1:(0.8-1.2).

5. The feed for replacement dairy cows according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The concentrate comprises 30-40% soybean meal, 40-50% corn meal and 20-30% flaked corn.

6. The feed for replacement dairy cows according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The raw materials of the coffee grounds fermented feed composition also include 0.02-0.04 parts of saccharin and / or 0.03-0.05 parts of flavoring agent in parts by weight.

7. The feed for replacement dairy cows according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The raw materials include 40-50 parts of coffee grounds, 3-4 parts of corns, 4-6 parts of pomace, 40-50 parts of millet bran, 0.8-1.2 parts of urea, 0.2-0.3 parts of brown sugar, 0.01-0.03 parts of saccharin and 0.04-0.05 parts of flavoring agent, and the total amount is preferably 100 parts.

8. The method for preparing the feed for replacement dairy cows according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: The raw materials are mixed, and 20-30 parts by weight of water are added, and stirring is continued to mix uniformly.

9. Use of the replacement dairy cow feed according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and / or the replacement dairy cow feed obtained by the preparation method according to claim 8 in the production of replacement dairy cows.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The replacement dairy cow feed is used as a replacement dairy cow diet, comprising: 1.11 kg of oat hay, 1.66 kg of concentrate, 3.33 kg of flaked corn, 6.76.9 kg of corn silage, 1.33 kg of a coffee grounds fermented feed composition, and 4.15 kg of water.

Images