End-fire dual-polarization all-metal horn antenna

Abstract

The invention provides an end-fire dual-polarization all-metal horn antenna which comprises a metal block, a pyramid horn is arranged on one side of the metal block, a feed network is arranged on the other side of the metal block, and a plurality of end-fire antenna units are arranged in the area, between the pyramid horn and the feed network, of the metal block side by side. Each end-on-fire antenna unit comprises an orthogonal mode converter with a stepped structure and a Y-shaped branch arranged corresponding to the orthogonal mode converter, the orthogonal mode converter and the Y-shaped branch are respectively parallel to the top surface and the bottom surface of the metal block, and the orthogonal mode converter is provided with a feed gap for coupling electromagnetic waves. The feed network comprises an upper-layer feed network and a lower-layer feed network, the upper-layer feed network is connected with the Y-shaped branch, and the lower-layer feed network is connected with the orthogonal mode converter. The method has the beneficial effects that the data transmission rate is effectively increased, the anti-interference capability is enhanced, and more channels can be provided for an MIMO system; 2, the signal interference from the side rear part can be effectively reduced, and the reliability is enhanced;

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular to an end-fire dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna. Background Art

[0002] 1. On-Chip Antennas (OCA): On-Chip antennas are favored due to their compactness and avoid the extra loss caused by integrating the antenna with the chip. However, they are not cost-effective due to the expensive chip area;

[0003] 2. Antenna-in-Package (AiP): AiP combines the antenna and the driving circuit into one package. Various packaging technologies such as QFN, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC), embedded wafer-level ball grid array (eWLB) have been used to design linearly polarized broadside antennas. The integration of the chip is achieved through BW interconnection or flip chip method;

[0004] 3. Low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC): LTCC is a multilayer technology that, in addition to being used in AiP applications, is also used to design linearly polarized single and array antennas;

[0005] 4. PCB Antennas: PCB antennas have advantages due to their low manufacturing cost. Single radiator designs are measured using waveguide transitions or GSG pads. Chip-integrated designs use BW interconnects. Unlike other types, PCB antennas are only used to design leaky wave antenna (LWA) arrays that utilize SIW.

[0006] The dual-polarization antennas based on the D-band (110 GHz to 170 GHz) that have been proposed so far are of few types, have great application limitations, and have insufficient performance, which restricts the development of diversified millimeter-wave communication systems. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an end-fire dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna, the all-metal horn antenna includes a metal block, a pyramid horn is arranged on one side of the metal block, a feeding network is arranged on the other side of the metal block, and a plurality of end-fire antenna units are arranged side by side in the area between the pyramid horn and the feeding network of the metal block, each of the end-fire antenna units includes an orthogonal mode converter with a stepped structure and a Y-shaped branch arranged corresponding to the orthogonal mode converter, the orthogonal mode converter and the Y-shaped branch are parallel to the top surface and the bottom surface of the metal block respectively, and the orthogonal mode converter is arranged in parallel with the top surface and the bottom surface of the metal block. The converter is provided with a feeding slot for coupling electromagnetic waves, the feeding network comprises an upper feeding network and a lower feeding network, the upper feeding network is connected to the Y-shaped branch, the lower feeding network is connected to the orthogonal mode converter, the upper feeding network guides the vertically polarized electromagnetic wave through the Y-shaped branch to the pyramidal horn for radiation, and after the vertically polarized electromagnetic wave reaches the orthogonal mode converter at the end of the feeding network, the lower feeding network first forms a horizontally polarized wave through the orthogonal mode converter, and then couples to the Y-shaped branch through the feeding slot, and finally radiates outward through the pyramidal horn.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the orthogonal mode converter with a stepped structure consists of a two-layer structure, the upper layer is a rectangular waveguide with a step-size change, the lower layer is a chamfered structure, the middle connection is the feeding slot, one end of the feeding slot is arranged on the chamfered structure, the other end of the feeding slot is arranged on the Y-shaped branch, and the feeding slot is located at the junction of the rectangular waveguide and the chamfered structure, the chamfered structure is connected to the lower feeding network, and the inner diameter of the rectangular waveguide at the feeding slot is larger than the inner diameter of the rectangular waveguide at the upper feeding network, thereby ensuring that the electromagnetic waves coupled from the lower feeding network cannot enter the upper feeding network.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, an upper structure and a lower structure are arranged inside the metal block, a plurality of the Y-shaped branches are arranged side by side on the upper structure, and a plurality of the orthogonal mode converters with a stepped structure are arranged side by side on the lower structure.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the Y-shaped branch includes a first branch section, a left branch section, and a right branch section. One end of the first branch section is connected to the upper-level feeding network, and the other end of the first branch section is respectively connected to the left branch section and the right branch section. One end of the feeding gap is arranged at the connection between the first branch section and the left branch section and the right branch section.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the upper structure and the lower structure are spaced 0.2 mm apart; the first branch section is 1.434 mm wide and 1.218 mm high.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, two trapezoidal inclined surfaces are arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the neck of the pyramidal horn, and the two trapezoidal inclined surfaces constitute the H-surface small horn of the pyramidal horn. The H-surface small horn is 23.4 mm wide, 3.76 mm high and 5 mm long.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the cone horn has an aperture width of 23.4 mm, a height of 11.76 mm, and a length of 30 mm; the feeding slot is 1.359 mm long and 0.298 mm wide; and the metal block is a copper block, an aluminum block, or a steel block.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the upper layer feeding network and the lower layer feeding network are respectively one-to-four feeding networks, and the one-to-four feeding networks are connected to the standard waveguide WR-06 through a flange.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the number of the end-fire antenna units is four.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the upper structure and the lower structure are hollow structures.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The D-band dual-polarized antenna proposed in the present invention can effectively increase the data transmission rate and enhance the anti-interference capability, and at the same time can provide more channels for the MIMO system; 2. The end-fire characteristics of the all-metal horn antenna of the present invention can effectively reduce the signal interference from the side and rear, and enhance reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is the overall structure diagram of the all-metal horn antenna of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 is an axial view of the all-metal horn antenna of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the all-metal horn antenna of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 It is the upper structure diagram of the all-metal horn antenna of the present invention (antenna unit and feeding network);

[0022] Figure 5 It is a lower structural diagram of the all-metal horn antenna of the present invention (antenna unit and feed network);

[0023] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a single Y-shaped branch of the all-metal horn antenna of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of a single chamfered branch of the all-metal horn antenna of the present invention;

[0025] Reference numerals:

[0026] 1-metal block, 2-conical horn, 21-trapezoidal slope, 3-end-fire antenna unit, 4-feeding network, 40-upper layer feeding network, 41-lower layer feeding network, 5-Y-shaped branch, 6-feeding slot, 7-chamfered structure, 8-first feeding port, 9-second feeding port, 10-flange; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] like Figure 1-7 As shown, the present invention discloses an end-fire dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna, comprising a metal block 1, a pyramid horn 2 is arranged on one side of the metal block 1, a feeding network 4 is arranged on the other side of the metal block 1, and four end-fire antenna units 3 are arranged side by side in the area between the pyramid horn 2 and the feeding network 4 of the metal block 1, each end-fire antenna unit 3 includes an orthogonal mode converter with a stepped structure and a Y-shaped branch 5 arranged corresponding to the orthogonal mode converter, the orthogonal mode converter and the Y-shaped branch 5 are parallel to the top surface and the bottom surface of the metal block 1 respectively, and the orthogonal mode converter is provided with a coupling electromagnetic The feeding network includes an upper feeding network 40 and a lower feeding network 41. The upper feeding network 40 is connected to the Y-shaped branch structure 5, and the lower feeding network 41 is connected to the orthogonal mode converter. The upper feeding network 40 guides the vertically polarized electromagnetic wave through the Y-shaped branch 5 to the pyramidal horn 2 for radiation. After the vertically polarized electromagnetic wave reaches the orthogonal mode converter at the end of the feeding network, the lower feeding network 41 first forms a horizontally polarized wave through the orthogonal mode converter, and then couples to the Y-shaped branch 5 through the feeding slot, and finally radiates outward through the pyramidal horn 2.

[0028] The orthogonal mode converter with a stepped structure consists of two layers, the upper layer is a rectangular waveguide with a step-change in size, the lower layer is a chamfered structure 7, the middle connection is a feed slot 6, one end of the feed slot 6 is arranged on the chamfered structure 7, the other end of the feed slot 6 is arranged on the Y-shaped branch 5, and the feed slot 6 is located at the junction of the rectangular waveguide and the chamfered structure 7, the chamfered structure 7 is connected to the lower feeding network 41, and the inner diameter of the rectangular waveguide at the feed slot 6 is larger than the inner diameter of the rectangular waveguide at the upper feeding network 41, thereby ensuring that the coupled electromagnetic wave cannot enter the upper feeding network 41 for propagation. The vertically polarized electromagnetic wave undergoes polarization conversion through the feed slot 6 of the chamfered structure.

[0029] Providing the chamfered structure can enhance the impedance matching between the lower layer of the orthogonal mode converter and the upper layer of the orthogonal mode converter, specifically, the impedance matching between the lower layer feeding network 41 and the Y-shaped branch 5 .

[0030] Setting the end branch plate as a chamfer can smooth the impedance change of the transmission line and reduce the edge effect, thereby reducing reflection, improving energy transmission efficiency, reducing the standing wave ratio, and allowing electromagnetic waves to be transmitted more smoothly from the rectangular waveguide to the feeding slot 6.

[0031] An upper structure and a lower structure are arranged inside the metal block 1. A plurality of Y-shaped branches 5 are arranged side by side on the upper structure, and a plurality of orthogonal mode converters with a stepped structure are arranged side by side on the lower structure.

[0032] The upper structure and the lower structure are preferably hollow structures, and the interval between the upper structure and the lower structure is 0.2 mm.

[0033] The Y-shaped branch 5 includes a first branch 50, a left branch 51, and a right branch 52. One end of the first branch 50 is connected to the upper feeding network 40, and the other end of the first branch 50 is respectively connected to the left branch 51 and the right branch 52. The feeding slot 6 is provided at the connection between the first branch 50 and the left branch 51 and the right branch 52. The principle of the Y-shaped branch 5 to increase the antenna gain is: one wave is divided into two radiation paths, and the centers of the two radiation apertures are separated by half a wavelength, so that the electric field on both sides can be weakened and the forward electric field can be superimposed.

[0034] Two trapezoidal inclined planes 21 are arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the neck of the pyramid horn 2. The two trapezoidal inclined planes 21 constitute a small H-surface horn of the pyramid horn 2. The H-surface small horn has a width of 23.4 mm, a height of 3.76 mm, and a length of 5 mm. The antenna array of the present invention has an end-fire characteristic, so it cannot be made into a pyramid-shaped horn. If it is made into a pyramid-shaped horn with the same length on four sides, the H-surface will increase the side lobe due to the small opening angle. However, if the horn is not made on the H-surface, some gain will be lost due to the insufficient caliber. Therefore, a small horn is chosen to have a sufficient opening angle to control the side lobe below -13dB while increasing the gain.

[0035] The aperture of the pyramid speaker 2 is 23.4mm wide, 11.76mm high and 30mm long.

[0036] The feed slot 6 is 1.359 mm long and 0.298 mm wide.

[0037] There is a size difference between the rectangular waveguide at the junction of the feed slot 6 and the upper feeding network 40, which is: height difference 0.422mm, width difference 0.168mm. In order to prevent the horizontal polarization wave formed by the coupling of the lower feeding network 41 to the upper feeding network 41 from propagating too much energy backward to the upper feeding network 40, such a step change is designed here. Because the cutoff frequency of the horizontal polarization wave of the upper layer is determined by the height of the Y-shaped branch 5 of the upper structure. Reducing the height of the upper feeding network 40 not only has little effect on the vertical polarization wave propagating in the upper layer, but also can effectively prevent the horizontal polarization wave from propagating backward, because the matching in this area becomes worse, and the energy naturally moves forward. A structure with a size step change is made in the section from the upper feeding network 40 to the feeding slot 6, that is, the inner diameter of the rectangular waveguide at the feeding slot 6 is larger than the inner diameter of the rectangular waveguide at the upper feeding network 41, so that it can ensure that the electromagnetic waves coupled up from the lower layer basically do not propagate to the upper feeding network 40 behind, and it can also ensure that the electromagnetic waves in the upper layer will not produce large reflections. The upper feeding network 40 and the lower feeding network 41 are respectively one-to-four feeding networks, and the one-to-four feeding networks are connected to the standard waveguide WR-06 through flange 9. The feeding ports (first feeding port 7, second feeding port 8) are realized through two WR06 waveguide interfaces. The ends of the upper feeding network 40 and the lower feeding network 41 are T-shaped branches.

[0038] The metal block 1 can be a copper block, an aluminum block or a steel block, preferably a copper block.

[0039] In the all-metal horn antenna of the present invention, electromagnetic waves are mainly radiated by the Y-shaped branch structure 3 of the upper layer, and the chamfered structure 4 of the lower layer is to better couple the vertical polarized waves of the lower layer to the upper layer through the feeding slot 6 to form horizontal polarized waves. This is the principle of dual-polarization of this antenna.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The D-band dual-polarized antenna proposed in the present invention can effectively increase the data transmission rate and enhance the anti-interference capability, and at the same time can provide more channels for the MIMO system; 2. The end-fire characteristics of the all-metal horn antenna of the present invention can effectively reduce the signal interference from the side and rear, and enhance reliability.

[0041] The above contents are further detailed descriptions of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For ordinary technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which should be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An end-fire dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a metal block (1), a pyramid horn (2) is arranged on one side of the metal block (1), a feeding network (4) is arranged on the other side of the metal block (1), a plurality of end-fire antenna units (3) are arranged side by side in the area between the pyramid horn (2) and the feeding network (4), each of the end-fire antenna units (3) comprises an orthogonal mode converter with a stepped structure and a Y-shaped branch (5) arranged corresponding to the orthogonal mode converter, the orthogonal mode converter and the Y-shaped branch (5) are respectively parallel to the top surface and the bottom surface of the metal block (1), the orthogonal mode converter is provided with a feeding slot (6) for coupling electromagnetic waves, and the feeding network ( 4) comprises an upper feeding network (40) and a lower feeding network (41), wherein the upper feeding network (40) is connected to the Y-shaped branch (5), and the lower feeding network (41) is connected to the orthogonal mode converter, wherein the upper feeding network (40) guides the vertically polarized electromagnetic wave through the Y-shaped branch (5) to the pyramidal horn (2) for radiation, and after the vertically polarized electromagnetic wave reaches the orthogonal mode converter at the end of the feeding network, the lower feeding network (41) first forms a horizontally polarized wave through the orthogonal mode converter, then couples to the Y-shaped branch (5) through the feeding slot (6), and finally radiates outward through the pyramidal horn (2).

2. The end-fire dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The orthogonal mode converter with a stepped structure is composed of a two-layer structure, the upper layer is a rectangular waveguide with a size step change, the lower layer is a chamfered structure (7), the middle connection is the feeding slot (6), one end of the feeding slot (6) is arranged on the chamfered structure (7), the other end of the feeding slot (6) is arranged on the Y-shaped branch (5), and the feeding slot (6) is located at the junction of the rectangular waveguide and the chamfered structure (7), the chamfered structure (7) is connected to the lower feeding network (41), and the inner diameter of the rectangular waveguide at the feeding slot (6) is larger than the inner diameter of the rectangular waveguide at the upper feeding network (40), thereby ensuring that the electromagnetic waves coupled from the lower feeding network (41) cannot enter the upper feeding network (40).

3. The end-fire dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: An upper structure and a lower structure are arranged inside the metal block (1); a plurality of the Y-shaped branches (5) are arranged side by side on the upper structure; and a plurality of the orthogonal mode converters with a stepped structure are arranged side by side on the lower structure.

4. The end-fire dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The Y-shaped branch (5) comprises a first branch section (50), a left branch section (51), and a right branch section (52); one end of the first branch section (50) is connected to the upper-layer feeding network (40); the other end of the first branch section (50) is respectively connected to the left branch section (51) and the right branch section (52); and one end of the feeding slot (6) is arranged at the connection between the first branch section (50) and the left branch section (51) and the right branch section (52).

5. The end-fire dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper structure and the lower structure are spaced 0.2 mm apart; the first branch (50) is 1.434 mm wide and 1.218 mm high.

6. The end-fire dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two trapezoidal inclined surfaces (21) are arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the neck of the pyramidal horn (2), and the two trapezoidal inclined surfaces (21) constitute an H-surface small horn of the pyramidal horn (2). The H-surface small horn is 23.4 mm wide, 3.76 mm high and 5 mm long.

7. The end-fire dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horn cone (2) has an aperture width of 23.4 mm, a height of 11.76 mm, and a length of 30 mm; the feeding slot (6) has a length of 1.359 mm and a width of 0.298 mm; and the metal block (1) is a copper block, an aluminum block, or a steel block.

8. The end-fire dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper layer feeding network (40) and the lower layer feeding network (41) are respectively one-to-four feeding networks, and the one-to-four feeding networks are switched with the standard waveguide WR-06 through a flange (9).

9. The end-fire dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are four end-fire antenna units (3).

10. The end-fire dual-polarized all-metal horn antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper structure and the lower structure are hollow structures.

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