Water and soil conservation monitoring system and method based on Internet of Things technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a water and soil conservation monitoring system and method based on the Internet of Things technology, and relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation monitoring. A data acquisition module of the Internet of Things technology is utilized to judge small, medium and large drainage basins according to the drainage basin length of a monitoring area; then real-time data of soil humidity, drainage basin correlation and water and soil conservation measures are collected in real time from a monitoring area, a calculation and evaluation module is used for respectively inputting, sequentially calculating and outputting a soil erosion rate TQ, a drainage basin monitoring area evaluation value LY and a water and soil conservation measure adjustment value SBF, and the water and soil conservation measure adjustment value SBF is calculated and output on the basis of the water and soil conservation measure adjustment value SBF; according to the method, the accuracy of monitoring and the pertinence to small, medium and large drainage basins are ensured, a closed-loop feedback mechanism is formed, an innovative monitoring method is realized, and the beneficial effects provide more scientific, comprehensive and effective support for water and soil conservation work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil and water conservation monitoring, and in particular to a soil and water conservation monitoring system and method based on Internet of Things technology. Background Art

[0003] Traditional monitoring methods often only collect limited data points and cannot fully reflect the soil and water conservation status of the entire river basin. Due to untimely data collection and insufficient sensor accuracy, errors occur in data processing results, affecting the accuracy of monitoring. In addition, existing technologies often adopt unified evaluation standards, ignoring the differences between different river basins, resulting in inaccurate and targeted evaluation results. Existing technologies can often only perform a single evaluation and cannot be adjusted and optimized based on the evaluation results, lacking a continuous monitoring and feedback mechanism. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a soil and water conservation monitoring system and method based on Internet of Things technology, which solves the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a soil and water conservation monitoring method based on the Internet of Things technology, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0006] Step S1: Using the data collection module of the Internet of Things technology, first determine the small, medium and large river basins according to the length of the river basin in the monitoring area, and extract the historical data of the corresponding river basins;

[0007] Step S2: collecting real-time data on soil moisture, watershed-related data, and soil and water conservation measures in the monitoring area;

[0008] Step S3: using the calculation and evaluation module, respectively input and sequentially calculate and output the soil moisture evaluation value TS, the watershed monitoring area evaluation value LY and the soil and water conservation measure adjustment value SBF;

[0009] Step S4: Based on the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF, and the previous soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF output from the previous monitoring old Conduct comparative analysis, iteratively adjust to the conclusion of soil and water conservation measures, and maintain monitoring

[0010] The present invention also provides a soil and water conservation monitoring system based on the Internet of Things technology, comprising a data acquisition module and a calculation and evaluation module;

[0011] The calculation evaluation module includes:

[0012] Unit for assessing soil moisture conditions in the monitored area, unit for assessing regional differentiation in the watershed, and unit for adjusting soil and water conservation measures.

[0013] The equipment used in the data acquisition module includes soil moisture sensor, rainfall sensor, water flow velocity sensor, data acquisition and transmission equipment, server, and radioisotope detector;

[0014] The equipment used in the calculation and evaluation module includes data processing and analysis software.

[0015] Optionally, the judgment criteria of the watershed length are as follows:

[0016] The watershed length of 10 km to 50 km is the small watershed monitoring area;

[0017] The basin length of 50 km to 200 km is the middle basin monitoring area;

[0018] River basins with a length of more than 200 kilometers are all large river basin monitoring areas;

[0019] Based on the determination of small, medium and large river basin monitoring areas, historical data of the corresponding river basin monitoring areas are extracted.

[0020] Optionally, the calculation formula for the unit for evaluating the soil moisture status in the monitoring area is as follows:

[0021] TS=(SD×HS) / [THS+(SD-GHS)]-[SD×(1-HS / HS max )];

[0022] in:

[0023] TS is the soil moisture assessment value;

[0024] SD is soil moisture;

[0025] HS is soil water content;

[0026] THS is the field soil water holding capacity;

[0027] GHS is drought soil moisture;

[0028] Soil moisture SD, soil water content HS, field soil water holding capacity THS, drought soil moisture GHS reflect the real-time data of soil moisture in the current monitoring area;

[0029] HS max is the maximum soil water content, HS max It reflects the maximum water content of the corresponding small, medium and large river basin monitoring areas.

[0030] Optionally, the calculation formula for evaluating the watershed regional differentiation unit is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] in:

[0033] LY is the assessment value of the watershed monitoring area;

[0034] LL is the basin discharge LL;

[0035] LL max is the maximum flow in the basin;

[0036] J is rainfall;

[0037] J max is the maximum rainfall;

[0038] TQ is soil erosion rate;

[0039] TQ max is the maximum soil erosion rate;

[0040] TS old is the previous soil moisture assessment value;

[0041] The watershed flow LLLL, rainfall J, and soil erosion rate TQ reflect the real-time data related to the watershed in the current monitoring area;

[0042] Maximum flow rate of the basin LL max , maximum rainfall max , maximum soil erosion rate TQ max It reflects the maximum values ​​of various data related to the monitoring area basin corresponding to small, medium and large basins.

[0043] Optionally, the soil erosion rate TQ is calculated as follows:

[0044] TQ = [(BH - QH) / BH] × (T / S);

[0045] BH is the total activity of radioisotopes before erosion, and BH reflects the total activity of radioisotopes in the standard surface soil layer;

[0046] QH is the total activity of radioactive isotopes after erosion. QH reflects the total activity of radioactive isotopes in the surface soil layer after erosion.

[0047] T is the amount of topsoil per hectare;

[0048] S is the monitoring time period.

[0049] Optionally, the calculation formula for adjusting the soil and water conservation measure unit is as follows:

[0050]

[0051] in:

[0052] SBF is the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value;

[0053] BX is the efficiency of soil and water conservation measures;

[0054] BX max To maximize the efficiency of soil and water conservation measures;

[0055] CB is the cost of the measure;

[0056] CB max The maximum cost of the measure;

[0057] YX is the preventive effect of the measure;

[0058] YX max To provide measures for maximum preventive effect;

[0059] The efficiency of soil and water conservation measures BX, the cost of measures CB, and the preventive effect of measures YX reflect the real-time data after the implementation of soil and water conservation measures in the current monitoring area;

[0060] Maximum efficiency of soil and water conservation measures BX max , Maximum cost of measure CB max , measures to prevent the greatest effect YX max It reflects the maximum values ​​of various data in the monitoring area corresponding to small, medium and large river basins after the implementation of soil and water conservation measures.

[0061] Optionally, the calculation formula of the soil and water conservation measure efficiency BX is as follows:

[0062] BX = [1-(TS / TS old )]×100%;

[0063] The calculation formula of the preventive effect YX of the measures is as follows:

[0064] YX=(JM / TS old )×100%;

[0065] JM is the erosion reduction after the measures.

[0066] Optionally, based on the soil and water conservation measure adjustment value SBF and the previous soil and water conservation measure adjustment value SBF old The monitoring analysis is as follows:

[0067] If the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF is lower than the previous soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF old If there is an improvement, it means that the current soil and water conservation measures are effective and should be maintained;

[0068] If the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF is lower than the previous soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF oldIf there is a decline, it reflects that the current soil and water conservation measures are ineffective, and soil and water conservation measures should be adjusted to increase soil moisture SD, soil water content HS, field soil water holding capacity THS, drought soil moisture GHS, rainfall J, and reduce soil erosion rate TQ.

[0069] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0070] 1. The present invention utilizes a soil and water conservation monitoring system based on Internet of Things technology, which can collect key data such as soil moisture SD, rainfall J, and water flow velocity in real time to achieve comprehensive monitoring, and by arranging a sensor network to cover the entire watershed, improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of data collection. In addition, the system uses high-precision sensors and advanced data processing algorithms, which can process and analyze data in real time, improve the accuracy and real-time performance of data processing, and specifically evaluate the soil moisture status unit of the monitoring area, evaluate the watershed regional differentiation unit, and adjust the calculation of the soil and water conservation measures unit to achieve a more accurate evaluation of soil moisture, the watershed monitoring area, and the effects of soil and water conservation measures.

[0071] 2. The system of the present invention performs differentiated assessments based on the different lengths of the river basin, which improves the accuracy and pertinence of monitoring and makes the data in the monitored area clearer. The differentiated assessment mechanism in the differentiated unit of the river basin area can perform assessments based on the actual conditions of different river basins such as small, medium and large river basins, so that the assessment results are more in line with the actual conditions.

[0072] 3. The system of the present invention affects the selection of soil and water conservation measures by adjusting the result value of the soil and water conservation measure unit, the soil and water conservation measure adjustment value SBF, and the implementation of these measures will change the soil moisture assessment value TS and the watershed condition, forming a closed-loop feedback mechanism. This mechanism can continuously optimize soil and water conservation strategies and improve the effects of monitoring and governance. The soil and water conservation monitoring system based on the Internet of Things technology not only realizes remote monitoring and real-time analysis, but also realizes innovative monitoring methods through differentiated evaluation and closed-loop processing mechanisms. These methods can provide a scientific basis for soil and water conservation work and help to formulate more effective soil and water conservation measures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0073] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the soil and water conservation monitoring method based on Internet of Things technology;

[0074] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the basin length judgment standard for the soil and water conservation monitoring system based on the Internet of Things technology;

[0075] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the calculation and evaluation module of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cyclic impact feedback of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0078] Regarding this soil and water conservation monitoring system based on Internet of Things technology, it is different from the existing soil and water conservation monitoring system. The existing soil and water conservation monitoring system cannot comprehensively and accurately reflect the soil and water conservation status of the entire river basin, ignores the differences between different river basins, resulting in inaccurate and targeted evaluation results, and lacks a continuous monitoring and feedback mechanism. This algorithm unit ensures the accuracy of monitoring and targeting of small, medium and large river basins, forms a closed-loop feedback mechanism, and realizes innovative monitoring methods. These beneficial effects provide more scientific, comprehensive and effective support for soil and water conservation work.

[0079] For example, see Figures 1 to 4 This implementation provides a soil and water conservation monitoring method based on Internet of Things technology. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0080] Step S1: Using the data collection module of the Internet of Things technology, first determine the small, medium and large river basins according to the length of the river basin in the monitoring area, and extract the historical data of the corresponding river basins;

[0081] Step S2: collecting real-time data on soil moisture, watershed-related data, and soil and water conservation measures in the monitoring area;

[0082] Step S3: using the calculation and evaluation module, respectively input and sequentially calculate and output the soil moisture evaluation value TS, the watershed monitoring area evaluation value LY and the soil and water conservation measure adjustment value SBF;

[0083] Step S4: Based on the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF, and the previous soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF output from the previous monitoring old Conduct comparative analysis, iteratively adjust to the conclusions of soil and water conservation measures, and maintain monitoring;

[0084] The calculation and evaluation module includes a unit for evaluating the soil moisture status of the monitoring area, a unit for evaluating the regional differences in the watershed, and a unit for adjusting soil and water conservation measures.

[0085] The equipment used in the data acquisition module includes soil moisture sensors, rainfall sensors, water flow velocity sensors, data acquisition and transmission equipment, servers, and radioisotope detectors;

[0086] The equipment used in the computational evaluation module includes data processing and analysis software;

[0087] The criteria for determining the length of a watershed are as follows:

[0088] The watershed length of 10 km to 50 km is the small watershed monitoring area;

[0089] The basin length of 50 km to 200 km is the middle basin monitoring area;

[0090] River basins with a length of more than 200 kilometers are all large river basin monitoring areas;

[0091] Based on the determination of small, medium and large river basin monitoring areas, historical data of the corresponding river basin monitoring areas are extracted.

[0092] In this embodiment, the system forms a complete soil and water conservation monitoring system through the mutual cooperation of three algorithm units. The three operation results of TS, LY and SBF, as well as the historical data determined and extracted from the corresponding small, medium and large watershed monitoring areas, improve the accuracy and pertinence of monitoring. TS is the soil moisture assessment value. Through this model, the soil moisture conditions can be accurately understood, providing basic data for the subsequent differentiated assessment of watershed monitoring areas and adjustment of soil and water conservation measures. LY is the watershed monitoring area assessment value. Through this model, the soil and water conservation conditions in different watershed areas can be more accurately understood, providing basic data for the subsequent It provides a scientific basis for the adjustment of soil and water conservation measures. SBF is the adjustment value of soil and water conservation measures. Through this model, soil and water conservation measures can be flexibly adjusted according to actual conditions to achieve the optimal soil and water conservation effect. At the same time, this model also forms a closed-loop feedback mechanism, that is, the implementation of soil and water conservation measures reflected by the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF will change TS and LY, and these changes will in turn affect the selection and adjustment of soil and water conservation measures, making the three algorithms of this system highly correlated and entangled, providing a scientific basis and technical support for soil and water conservation work, and continuously optimizing soil and water conservation strategies through a circular processing mechanism.

[0093] See also Figures 1 to 4 , the calculation formula for evaluating the soil moisture status unit in the monitoring area is as follows:

[0094] TS=(SD×HS) / [THS+(SD-GHS)]-[SD×(1-HS / HS max )];

[0095] in:

[0096] TS is the soil moisture assessment value;

[0097] SD is soil moisture;

[0098] HS is soil water content;

[0099] THS is the field soil water holding capacity;

[0100] GHS is drought soil moisture;

[0101] Soil moisture SD, soil water content HS, field soil water holding capacity THS, drought soil moisture GHS reflect the real-time data of soil moisture in the current monitoring area;

[0102] HS max is the maximum soil water content, HS max It reflects the maximum water content of the corresponding small, medium and large river basin monitoring areas.

[0103] In this embodiment: first, the calculation part of "SD×HS" in this algorithm unit calculates the product of the real-time soil moisture SD and the soil water content HS, which reflects the actual moisture content of the soil in the current monitoring area. It is a basic indicator for evaluating the soil moisture SD and can directly reflect the moisture status in the soil. As part of the numerator, it and the subsequent adjustment items jointly determine the size of the soil moisture evaluation value TS. When the real-time soil moisture SD and the soil moisture content HS are both high, the value becomes larger, indicating that the soil moisture SD is high. The calculation part of "THS+(SD-GHS)" calculates the sum of the field soil water holding capacity THS and the part where the real-time soil moisture SD exceeds the drought soil moisture GHS. It reflects the ability of the soil to retain moisture and cope with drought. As part of the denominator, its ratio to the previous item "SD×HS" determines the sensitivity of the soil moisture evaluation value TS. When the field soil water holding capacity THS is high and the real-time soil moisture SD is close to the drought soil moisture GHS, the value will become larger, making the soil moisture evaluation value TS more sensitive to changes in the soil moisture SD.

[0104] This algorithm unit comprehensively considers the real-time soil moisture SD, soil water content HS, field soil water holding capacity THS, drought soil moisture GHS and maximum soil moisture content HS max , so that the soil moisture status unit of the monitoring area can accurately calculate the soil moisture assessment value TS, which can intuitively reflect the suitability of soil moisture in the detection area and provide an important reference for soil and water conservation work;

[0105] The soil moisture evaluation value TS calculated by the soil moisture status unit in the monitoring area is one of the basic data for the subsequent evaluation of the watershed regional differentiation unit and the calculation of the soil and water conservation measures unit. Therefore, its accuracy directly affects the evaluation effect of the entire monitoring system. Through the accurate evaluation of the soil moisture status unit in the monitoring area, reliable data support is provided for the calculation of subsequent formulas.

[0106] Before evaluating the soil moisture status unit in the monitoring area, the system will divide the monitoring area into large, medium and small river basins according to the length of the river, and extract the parameters of the corresponding river basins for calculation. This step ensures that the soil moisture status unit in the monitoring area can fully consider the differences in river basins when evaluating soil moisture, thereby improving the accuracy and pertinence of the evaluation.

[0107] See also Figures 1 to 4 , the calculation formula for evaluating the differentiation unit of the watershed area is as follows:

[0108]

[0109] in:

[0110] LY is the assessment value of the watershed monitoring area;

[0111] LL is the basin discharge LL;

[0112] LL max is the maximum flow in the basin;

[0113] J is rainfall;

[0114] J max is the maximum rainfall;

[0115] TQ is soil erosion rate;

[0116] TQ max is the maximum soil erosion rate;

[0117] TS old is the previous soil moisture assessment value;

[0118] The watershed flow LLLL, rainfall J, and soil erosion rate TQ reflect the real-time data related to the watershed in the current monitoring area;

[0119] Maximum flow rate of the basin LL max , maximum rainfall max , maximum soil erosion rate TQ max It reflects the maximum values ​​of various data related to the monitoring area basin corresponding to small, medium and large basins;

[0120] The calculation formula of soil erosion rate TQ is as follows:

[0121] TQ = [(BH - QH) / BH] × (T / S);

[0122] BH is the total activity of radioisotopes before erosion, and BH reflects the total activity of radioisotopes in the standard surface soil layer;

[0123] QH is the total activity of radioactive isotopes after erosion. QH reflects the total activity of radioactive isotopes in the surface soil layer after erosion.

[0124] T is the amount of topsoil per hectare;

[0125] S is the monitoring time period.

[0126] In this embodiment, first The calculation part calculates the soil moisture assessment value TS and the basin flow LL relative to the basin maximum flow LL max It reflects the impact of the basin flow LL on soil moisture SD and the basin's ability to retain moisture. As part of the numerator, it and subsequent adjustment items jointly determine the size of the basin monitoring area assessment value LY. When the soil moisture is high and the basin flow LL is close to the maximum flow, the value will become larger, indicating that the water and soil conservation in the basin is better.

[0127] The calculation part calculates the rainfall J relative to the maximum rainfall J max Soil erosion rate TQ relative to maximum soil erosion rate TQ max The square root of the sum ... Together they determine the magnitude of the evaluation value LY of the watershed monitoring area. When the rainfall J is high and the soil erosion rate TQ is low, the value will become larger, indicating that the watershed has a strong soil and water conservation capacity;

[0128] This algorithm unit evaluates the differentiated unit of the basin area according to the different characteristics of the basin, specifically the flow FL, rainfall RA, and soil erosion rate FS. The differentiated evaluation makes the evaluation results more in line with the actual situation. This differentiated evaluation method improves the accuracy and pertinence of monitoring, and helps to formulate more effective soil and water conservation measures. The evaluation of the differentiated unit of the basin area not only considers the soil moisture evaluation value TS, but also comprehensively considers the basin flow LL, rainfall J and soil erosion rate TQ factors. This comprehensive consideration makes the evaluation results more comprehensive and objective, which helps to fully reflect the soil and water conservation status of the basin.

[0129] The basin monitoring area assessment value LY calculated by evaluating the basin area differentiation unit is one of the key data for the subsequent adjustment of the soil and water conservation measures unit calculation. Through the differentiated assessment of the basin area differentiation unit, more accurate and reliable data support is provided for the calculation of subsequent formulas.

[0130] See also Figures 1 to 4 , the calculation formula for adjusting the soil and water conservation measure unit is as follows:

[0131]

[0132] in:

[0133] SBF is the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value;

[0134] BX is the efficiency of soil and water conservation measures;

[0135] BX max To maximize the efficiency of soil and water conservation measures;

[0136] CB is the cost of the measure;

[0137] CB max The maximum cost of the measure;

[0138] YX is the preventive effect of the measure;

[0139] YX max To provide measures for maximum preventive effect;

[0140] The efficiency of soil and water conservation measures BX, the cost of measures CB, and the preventive effect of measures YX reflect the real-time data after the implementation of soil and water conservation measures in the current monitoring area;

[0141] Maximum efficiency of soil and water conservation measures BX max , Maximum cost of measure CB max , measures to prevent the greatest effect YX max It reflects the maximum values ​​of various data in the monitoring area basins corresponding to small, medium and large basins after the implementation of soil and water conservation measures;

[0142] The calculation formula of soil and water conservation measures efficiency BX is as follows:

[0143] BX = [1-(TS / TS old )]×100%;

[0144] The calculation formula of the preventive effect YX of the measures is as follows:

[0145] YX=(JM / TS old )×100%;

[0146] JM is the erosion reduction after the measures.

[0147] In this embodiment, the algorithm unit is first based on The calculation part calculates the basin monitoring area assessment value LY and the soil and water conservation measures efficiency BX relative to the maximum soil and water conservation measures efficiency BX max It reflects the impact of the efficiency of soil and water conservation measures on the soil and water conservation status of the basin. As part of the numerator, it and the subsequent adjustment items jointly determine the size of the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF. When the soil and water conservation status of the basin is good and the efficiency of soil and water conservation measures BX is high, the value will become larger, indicating that the recommended measures are more effective.

[0148] The calculation part calculates the soil moisture assessment value TS and the preventive effect YX of soil and water conservation measures on soil erosion relative to the maximum preventive effect YX max It reflects the effect of soil and water conservation measures in preventing soil erosion, and as another part of the numerator, it is related to the previous Together they determine the size of MA. When soil moisture is appropriate and soil and water conservation measures have a good effect on preventing soil erosion, the value will become larger, further supporting the decision to take effective soil and water conservation measures;

[0149] The soil and water conservation measures adjustment unit in this algorithm unit comprehensively considers the soil and water conservation measures efficiency BX, measures cost CB and measures prevention effect YX factors of soil and water conservation measures, and optimizes the selection of soil and water conservation measures by calculating the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF. This optimization method helps to improve the effectiveness and economy of soil and water conservation measures;

[0150] Adjusting the soil and water conservation measure adjustment value SBF of the soil and water conservation measure unit will affect the selection of soil and water conservation measures, and the implementation of these measures will change the soil moisture SD and watershed conditions. This closed-loop feedback mechanism enables the monitoring system to continuously adjust the soil and water conservation measures according to actual conditions, thereby achieving continuous optimization and improvement. By adjusting the calculation of the soil and water conservation measure unit, the monitoring system can automatically adjust the soil and water conservation measures according to the evaluation results, thereby improving the intelligence level of the monitoring system. This improvement in the intelligence level helps to reduce the cost and difficulty of manual intervention and improve monitoring efficiency.

[0151] For example 2, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 , based on the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF and the previous soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF old The monitoring analysis is as follows:

[0152] If the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF is lower than the previous soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF old If there is an improvement, it means that the current soil and water conservation measures are effective and should be maintained;

[0153] If the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF is lower than the previous soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF old If there is a decline, it reflects that the current soil and water conservation measures are ineffective, and soil and water conservation measures should be adjusted to increase soil moisture SD, soil water content HS, field soil water holding capacity THS, drought soil moisture GHS, rainfall J, and reduce soil erosion rate TQ.

[0154] In this embodiment, this algorithm unit is based on the calculation of the soil and water conservation measures unit by adjusting the adjustment, so that the monitoring system can continuously optimize the selection of soil and water conservation measures. The implementation of these measures will change the soil moisture assessment value TS, thereby affecting the assessment result of the soil moisture status unit of the assessment monitoring area. This cyclic influence mechanism enables the monitoring system to continuously adjust the soil moisture assessment model according to actual conditions, improve the accuracy and reliability of the assessment, and because of the cyclic influence of the adjustment of the soil and water conservation measures unit on the soil moisture status unit of the assessment monitoring area, the monitoring system can realize dynamic monitoring and early warning. When the soil moisture assessment value TS and the watershed monitoring area assessment value LY change, the monitoring system can timely discover and take corresponding soil and water conservation measures, thereby effectively preventing the occurrence of soil and water loss problems. By adjusting the cyclic influence of the soil and water conservation measures unit on the soil moisture status unit of the assessment monitoring area, the monitoring system can more scientifically formulate and implement soil and water conservation measures. This scientific improvement helps to reduce the risk of soil and water loss problems and protect the ecological environment and land resources.

[0155] Specifically, by evaluating the soil moisture status unit in the monitoring area, the soil moisture SD is accurately evaluated to understand the soil moisture status, which is an important basis for formulating soil and water conservation measures. Accurate soil moisture data helps to judge the soil moisture balance state and determine whether measures need to be taken to improve the soil's water retention capacity;

[0156] The evaluation of the watershed regional differentiation unit integrates multiple factors, including rainfall J and soil erosion rate TQ, to evaluate the overall condition of the watershed. Through this evaluation, we can understand the health of the watershed ecological environment and the effectiveness of the implementation of soil and water conservation measures;

[0157] The soil and water conservation measures adjustment unit is based on the evaluation value LY of the watershed monitoring area, the efficiency, cost and prevention effect of soil and water conservation measures, and calculates the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF. The soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF directly reflects the effectiveness of the current soil and water conservation measures and provides an important basis for scientific decision-making.

[0158] By comparing the new soil and water conservation measure adjustment value SBF with the previous soil and water conservation measure adjustment value SBF oldCompare and evaluate the implementation effect of soil and water conservation measures. If the soil and water conservation measure adjustment value SBF increases, it means that the current measures are effective and should be maintained and possibly strengthened. If the soil and water conservation measure adjustment value SBF decreases, it is necessary to re-evaluate the effectiveness of the measures and consider adjustments and new measures. This circular feedback mechanism enables us to dynamically adjust soil and water conservation measures according to the actual situation of the basin's ecological environment, thereby continuously optimizing soil and water conservation strategies. By continuously adjusting and optimizing measures, we can better protect soil resources, reduce soil erosion, improve soil fertility and water use efficiency, and thus promote basin ecology. The continuous improvement of the environment, further, the implementation of soil and water conservation measures will directly affect the soil's water retention capacity and water use efficiency, thereby changing the soil moisture assessment value TS, and the implementation of soil and water conservation measures will improve the overall ecological environment of the basin, including reducing soil erosion and improving water quality, and these improvements will directly affect the basin monitoring area assessment value LY, because the basin monitoring area assessment value LY is an indicator for comprehensive assessment of the basin status, and through the implementation of vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation engineering measures, the soil erosion rate TQ can be reduced and the utilization efficiency of rainfall J can be improved, thereby improving the basin monitoring area assessment value LY;

[0159] In summary, the circular feedback mechanism formed by closely combining the soil moisture condition unit of the assessment monitoring area, the watershed regional differentiation unit and the soil and water conservation measures adjustment unit has shown significant beneficial effects in optimizing soil and water conservation strategies and promoting the continuous improvement of the watershed ecological environment. This mechanism not only helps us make scientific decisions, dynamically adjust and optimize soil and water conservation measures, but also improves soil productivity, improves the ecological environment and promotes the sustainable development of the economy and society.

[0160] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A soil and water conservation monitoring system based on Internet of Things technology, characterized in that: include: The data collection module is used to determine small, medium and large basins according to the length of the basin in the monitoring area, and to extract the historical data of the corresponding basins; The calculation and evaluation module is used to calculate and output the soil moisture evaluation value TS, the watershed monitoring area evaluation value LY and the soil and water conservation measure adjustment value SBF; The calculation evaluation module includes: Unit for assessing soil moisture conditions in the monitored area, unit for assessing regional differentiation in the watershed, and unit for adjusting soil and water conservation measures.

2. According to claim 1, a soil and water conservation monitoring system based on Internet of Things technology is characterized in that: The equipment used in the data acquisition module includes soil moisture sensor, rainfall sensor, water flow velocity sensor, data acquisition and transmission equipment, server, and radioisotope detector; The equipment used in the calculation and evaluation module includes data processing and analysis software.

3. The soil and water conservation monitoring system based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The criteria for judging the length of the watershed are as follows: The watershed length of 10 km to 50 km is the small watershed monitoring area; The basin length of 50 km to 200 km is the middle basin monitoring area; River basins with a length of more than 200 kilometers are all large river basin monitoring areas; Based on the determination of small, medium and large river basin monitoring areas, historical data of the corresponding river basin monitoring areas are extracted.

4. The soil and water conservation monitoring system based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 3 is characterized by: The calculation formula for evaluating the soil moisture status unit in the monitoring area is as follows: TS=(SD×HS) / [THS+(SD-GHS)]-[SD×(1-HS / HS max )]; in: TS is the soil moisture assessment value; SD is soil moisture; HS is soil water content; THS is the field soil water holding capacity; GHS is drought soil moisture; Soil moisture SD, soil water content HS, field soil water holding capacity THS, drought soil moisture GHS reflect the real-time data of soil moisture in the current monitoring area; HS max is the maximum soil moisture content, HS max It reflects the maximum water content of the corresponding small, medium and large river basin monitoring areas.

5. The soil and water conservation monitoring system based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The calculation formula for evaluating the watershed regional differentiation unit is as follows: in: LY is the assessment value of the watershed monitoring area; LL is the basin discharge LL; LL max is the maximum flow in the basin; J is rainfall; J max is the maximum rainfall; TQ is soil erosion rate; TQ max is the maximum soil erosion rate; TS old is the previous soil moisture assessment value; The watershed flow LLLL, rainfall J, and soil erosion rate TQ reflect the real-time data related to the watershed in the current monitoring area; Maximum flow rate of the basin LL max , maximum rainfall max , maximum soil erosion rate TQ max It reflects the maximum values ​​of various data related to the monitoring area basin corresponding to small, medium and large basins.

6. The soil and water conservation monitoring system based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The calculation formula of the soil erosion rate TQ is as follows: TQ = [(BH - QH) / BH] × (T / S); BH is the total activity of radioisotopes before erosion, and BH reflects the total activity of radioisotopes in the standard surface soil layer; QH is the total activity of radioactive isotopes after erosion. QH reflects the total activity of radioactive isotopes in the surface soil layer after erosion. T is the amount of topsoil per hectare; S is the monitoring time period.

7. The soil and water conservation monitoring system based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 6 is characterized by: The calculation formula for adjusting the soil and water conservation measure unit is as follows: in: SBF is the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value; BX is the efficiency of soil and water conservation measures; BX max To maximize the efficiency of soil and water conservation measures; CB is the cost of the measure; CB max The maximum cost of the measure; YX is the preventive effect of the measure; YX max To provide measures for maximum preventive effect; The efficiency of soil and water conservation measures BX, the cost of measures CB, and the preventive effect of measures YX reflect the real-time data after the implementation of soil and water conservation measures in the current monitoring area; Maximum efficiency of soil and water conservation measures BX max , Maximum cost of measure CB max , measures to prevent the greatest effect YX max It reflects the maximum values ​​of various data in the monitoring area corresponding to small, medium and large river basins after the implementation of soil and water conservation measures.

8. The soil and water conservation monitoring system based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The calculation formula of the soil and water conservation measures efficiency BX is as follows: BX=[1-(TS / TS old )]×100%; The calculation formula of the preventive effect YX of the measures is as follows: <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">YX=(JM / TS<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> old <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> )×100%; JM is the erosion reduction after the measures.

9. The soil and water conservation monitoring system based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 8 is characterized in that: Based on the soil and water conservation measure adjustment value SBF and the previous soil and water conservation measure adjustment value SBF old The monitoring analysis is as follows: If the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF is lower than the previous soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF old If there is an improvement, it means that the current soil and water conservation measures are effective and should be maintained; If the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF is lower than the previous soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF old If there is a decline, it reflects that the current soil and water conservation measures are ineffective, and soil and water conservation measures should be adjusted to increase soil moisture SD, soil water content HS, field soil water holding capacity THS, drought soil moisture GHS, rainfall J, and reduce soil erosion rate TQ.

10. The monitoring method of a soil and water conservation monitoring system based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: Step S1: Using the data collection module of the Internet of Things technology, first determine the small, medium and large river basins according to the length of the river basin in the monitoring area, and extract the historical data of the corresponding river basins; Step S2: collecting real-time data on soil moisture, watershed-related data, and soil and water conservation measures in the monitoring area; Step S3: using the calculation and evaluation module, respectively input and sequentially calculate and output the soil moisture evaluation value TS, the watershed monitoring area evaluation value LY and the soil and water conservation measure adjustment value SBF; Step S4: Based on the soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF, and the previous soil and water conservation measures adjustment value SBF output from the previous monitoring old Conduct comparative analysis, iteratively adjust to the conclusions of soil and water conservation measures, and maintain monitoring.

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