Logistics block chain data storage method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a logistics block chain data storage method and system. The method comprises the following steps: (1) data collection; (2) data encryption; (3) block construction; (4) a consensus mechanism; (5) data storage; and (6) data access and query. According to the method, a data index and retrieval mechanism and a query algorithm and logic are optimized, and an efficient query interface is provided, so that the data access efficiency and speed can be remarkably improved. According to the technical scheme, a user can obtain needed data more quickly, the response speed and efficiency of the whole service process are improved, measures such as data encryption, access control and identity verification are enhanced, and the safety of the data in the storage, transmission and access processes can be ensured; therefore, data leakage, tampering and unauthorized access can be prevented, benefits of enterprises and users are protected, occupation of storage space can be reduced through technical means of data compression, duplicate removal, redundancy elimination and the like, and storage cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of logistics blockchain data storage methods and systems, and in particular to a logistics blockchain data storage method and system. Background Art

[0002] Blockchain technology is essentially a decentralized database that uses cryptographic methods to ensure that data cannot be tampered with or forged. It uses a block chain data structure to verify and store data, generates and updates data through a distributed node consensus algorithm, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access. These characteristics of blockchain technology provide a high degree of security and reliability for logistics data storage.

[0003] However, the current blockchain data storage methods and systems have poor data security and low access rates when in use. At the same time, the storage cost is high and the scalability is low, which has obvious limitations when in use.

[0004] To this end, we propose a logistics blockchain data storage method and system to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a logistics blockchain data storage method and system to solve the problems that the current blockchain data storage method and system proposed in the above background technology have poor data security and low access rate when in use, high storage cost, low scalability, and obvious limitations when in use.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A logistics blockchain data storage method comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Data collection: Collect data from all links in the logistics chain, including cargo information, transportation status, timestamp, and location information; collect relevant supporting documents, such as transportation contracts, invoices, customs documents, etc., to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the data.

[0009] (2) Data encryption: Use encryption algorithms to encrypt the collected data to ensure the security of the data during transmission and storage. The encryption process may include symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption, or hash algorithms, etc. The appropriate encryption method should be selected based on the importance and sensitivity of the data.

[0010] (3) Block construction: Encrypted data and related metadata are packaged into a block; each block contains the hash value of the previous block, forming a chain structure to ensure the immutability and traceability of the data.

[0011] (4) Consensus mechanism: New blocks are added to the blockchain through the consensus mechanism to ensure consensus and consistency of data among all participating nodes. The choice of consensus mechanism depends on the specific requirements of the system, such as transaction speed and energy consumption.

[0012] (5) Data storage: Distributed storage is used to store blockchain data on multiple nodes to improve data security and reliability. Nodes can back up and verify data with each other to ensure that data is still available when some nodes fail.

[0013] (6) Data access and query: Provide a secure access interface and query mechanism to allow authorized users to query and access data on the blockchain as needed; query results can be encrypted or desensitized to protect the privacy of the data.

[0014] In a further embodiment, when implementing step (1), firstly, the data collection requirements and standards are clarified, detailed data requirements are defined, and it is clear which logistics data needs to be collected, including cargo information, transportation status, timestamp, location information, temperature and humidity and other key indicators, and data collection standards are formulated to ensure that all personnel or equipment involved in data collection follow a unified data format, coding and naming conventions to improve data consistency and comparability; secondly, an efficient data collection method is selected, and IoT devices are integrated to use IoT technologies such as RFID tags, GPS trackers, temperature sensors, etc. to automatically collect and transmit logistics data; these devices can record the location, status and environmental conditions of the goods in real time to reduce human intervention and errors. Optimize API interface, establish API interface with logistics-related systems and platforms, and realize automatic synchronization and exchange of data; by optimizing the performance and stability of API interface, the timeliness and accuracy of data can be ensured, and then strengthen data quality control real-time data verification, in the process of data collection, the data is verified and cleaned in real time to eliminate errors, duplications or invalid data; this can be achieved by setting data verification rules and algorithms, abnormal detection and processing: establish an abnormal detection mechanism to timely discover and handle abnormal situations in data; for example, when the location information of the goods suddenly disappears or the temperature exceeds the normal range, the system should be able to automatically issue an alarm and take corresponding measures, regular data audit, regularly audit and evaluate the collected data to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data. This can be achieved by comparing with the original data source, checking the timestamp and signature of the data, etc.; then use blockchain technology to improve data security and reliability, encrypted storage, encrypt the collected data to ensure the security of data during transmission and storage. Only authorized users can access and decrypt data; distributed storage, store the encrypted data in multiple nodes in the blockchain network to improve the reliability and anti-attack ability of data. Even if some nodes are attacked or damaged, the overall data is still safe and reliable, and it cannot be tampered with. By utilizing the tamper-proof characteristics of blockchain, it is ensured that once the data is written into the blockchain, it cannot be tampered with or deleted, which can improve the credibility and legal effect of the data. Finally, continuous optimization and improvement, feedback mechanism, establish a user feedback mechanism, and timely collect user opinions and suggestions on the data collection process and data quality; according to the feedback results, continuously optimize and improve the data collection methods and systems; technological innovation, pay attention to the latest technologies and development trends in the field of logistics blockchain data storage, and actively explore and apply new technologies and methods to improve the efficiency and quality of data collection; training and education, strengthen the training and education of data collectors and technicians, and improve their professional quality and operational skills. Ensure that they can master the data collection methods and system operation specifications; use blockchain smart contracts: define the rules and conditions for data collection in smart contracts, and automatically trigger the data collection process when specific conditions are met.This can increase automation and responsiveness of data collection.

[0015] In a further embodiment, the step (2) selects a strong encryption algorithm using industry standards, and selects widely verified and recognized encryption algorithms, such as AES and RSA, which are excellent in protecting data from unauthorized access and tampering. Key management, establish a secure key management system to ensure that the generation, storage, distribution and use of keys meet security standards. Adopt hierarchical key management, such as using a master key to encrypt multiple subkeys to improve the flexibility and security of the system; optimize encryption strategies, end-to-end encryption, implement end-to-end encryption for logistics data, that is, keep the encryption state during the entire transmission process from the data source to the end user, which can prevent the data from being stolen or tampered during the transmission process; selective encryption, selectively encrypt part of the data according to the importance and sensitivity of the data. For non-sensitive data, lower-intensity encryption measures or no encryption can be used to save computing resources and improve system performance; dynamic encryption: dynamically adjust encryption strategies according to business needs and environmental changes. For example, during data transmission, the encryption strength and algorithm can be adjusted in real time according to network conditions and security requirements; strengthen the integration and application of encryption technology, deeply integrate it with blockchain technology, closely combine encryption technology with blockchain technology, and use the distributed ledger and non-tamperability characteristics of blockchain to improve the security and credibility of encrypted data. In the blockchain network, each node can verify the integrity and authenticity of the data, thereby ensuring the secure transmission and storage of encrypted data; cross-platform compatibility: ensure that encryption technology is cross-platform compatible and supports different operating systems and hardware devices, which helps to achieve seamless transmission and sharing of data, while Maintain the consistency and security of encrypted data; Continuous monitoring and evaluation, performance monitoring, regularly monitor the performance of encryption technology, including encryption speed, decryption speed, resource consumption and other indicators, according to the monitoring results, timely adjust the encryption strategy and optimize the algorithm to improve system performance and user experience; security assessment, regularly conduct security assessments on encryption technology, including vulnerability scanning, penetration testing, etc., timely discover and repair potential security risks, and ensure the effectiveness and reliability of encryption technology; training and awareness enhancement, strengthen employee training, regularly train and guide employees on data encryption technology, improve employees' security awareness and operational skills, ensure that employees can correctly understand and apply encryption technology, and avoid data leakage and security issues caused by human factors; improve user awareness, through publicity and education activities, improve users' understanding of the importance of data encryption. Encourage users to adopt secure communication and storage methods to jointly maintain the security and stability of logistics blockchain data storage systems and networks.

[0016] In a further embodiment, the step (3) optimizes the block structure and simplifies the block header information: the block header contains the metadata of the block, such as version number, timestamp, difficulty value, random number; by simplifying the block header information, the block size can be reduced and the transmission and verification efficiency of the block can be improved. However, it is necessary to keep the necessary information to maintain the security and integrity of the blockchain; optimize the block body data storage. The block body stores specific information such as transaction data. In the logistics blockchain, the characteristics of logistics data can be optimized, such as using more efficient data encoding methods, compression algorithms or distributed storage strategies to reduce the storage space occupied; increase the block generation speed and optimize the consensus mechanism. The consensus mechanism is the key process for nodes in the blockchain network to reach consensus and generate new blocks. In the logistics blockchain, a suitable consensus mechanism can be selected according to actual needs, such as proof of work (PoW), proof of stake (PoS) or delegated proof of stake (DPoS). At the same time, the parameters and processes of the consensus algorithm can be optimized to improve the consensus efficiency and block generation speed; increase the number of nodes. Increasing the number of nodes in the blockchain network can improve the degree of decentralization of the system, enhance the robustness and security of the system, and at the same time, more nodes can be used. The participation of nodes in the consensus process can also improve the speed and efficiency of block generation; ensure the security of block data, strengthen data encryption, encrypt the data in the block, ensure the security of data during transmission and storage, adopt strong encryption algorithms and secure key management strategies to prevent data from being stolen or tampered with; verify block data. After the block is generated, the authenticity and integrity of the block data are ensured through mutual verification between nodes. The verification process includes checking the correctness of the block header information, whether the transaction data in the block body is legal, and whether the link relationship between blocks is valid; optimize block storage and retrieval, distributed storage, distribute blockchain data on multiple nodes for storage, improve data reliability and availability, even if some nodes fail or are damaged, the overall data can still remain intact and accessible, index and query optimization, establish index and query mechanisms for blockchain data, and improve data retrieval efficiency and query speed. Through indexing, specific blocks or transaction data can be quickly located to meet the different needs of users; continuous monitoring and adjustment, performance monitoring, regular monitoring of the performance of the blockchain network, including block generation speed, transaction processing capacity, network latency and other indicators, timely adjustment of optimization strategies according to monitoring results to improve system performance; security audit, regular security audit and vulnerability scanning of the blockchain network, timely discovery and repair of potential security risks, while strengthening the security protection measures of the node to prevent malicious attacks and data leakage and other incidents.

[0017] In a further embodiment, the step (4) selects a suitable consensus mechanism and evaluates the existing consensus mechanism. First, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted on the currently used consensus mechanism to understand its advantages and disadvantages, performance, and whether it meets the specific needs of the logistics blockchain. Considering the characteristics of the logistics industry, the logistics industry has high requirements for data real-time, security, and traceability. Therefore, when selecting a consensus mechanism, priority should be given to mechanisms that can support these characteristics, such as proof of stake (PoS), delegated proof of stake (DPoS), or practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT). Optimize the consensus algorithm and improve consensus efficiency: By optimizing the consensus algorithm, the time and computing resources required to reach a consensus can be reduced. For example, in the PoS mechanism, the efficiency and fairness of selecting accountants can be improved by optimizing the algorithm for electing accountants. Enhance security and strengthen the security of the consensus mechanism to prevent security threats such as malicious nodes or 51% attacks. For example, in the PBFT mechanism, the security and stability of the system can be improved by adding more fault-tolerant nodes and verification steps. Introduce a hybrid consensus mechanism and combine multiple consensus mechanisms. Considering the possible limitations of a single consensus mechanism, it is possible to consider combining multiple consensus mechanisms. For example, combining PoS and DPoS. The combination not only retains the efficiency of PoS, but also introduces the representativeness and democracy of DPoS. The consensus mechanism is adjusted dynamically according to the actual situation and demand changes of the blockchain network. For example, a simpler consensus mechanism is used to improve efficiency when the network load is low, and a more complex consensus mechanism is used to ensure security when the network load is high or the security threat increases. Optimize consensus nodes and increase the number of nodes. By increasing the number of consensus nodes, the decentralization and robustness of the system can be improved. At the same time, the fault tolerance and anti-attack ability of the system can also be improved. Improve the quality of nodes, screen and review consensus nodes to ensure that only nodes with sufficient computing power and credibility can participate in the consensus process, which helps to reduce the impact of malicious nodes and improve the accuracy and reliability of consensus. Continuous monitoring and adjustment, performance monitoring, regularly monitor the performance of the blockchain network, including indicators such as consensus speed, transaction processing capacity, and network latency. According to the monitoring results, timely adjust the optimization strategy to improve system performance. Security audit, regularly conduct security audits and vulnerability scans on the blockchain network, timely discover and repair potential security risks, and strengthen the security protection measures of nodes to prevent malicious attacks and data leaks.

[0018] In a further embodiment, the step (5) optimizes the data storage structure and adopts efficient data structures, such as Merkle trees. These data structures have significant advantages in reducing data storage and verification overhead. Merkle trees organize a large amount of data into a compact structure through hash values, making data integrity and authenticity verification more efficient; data sharding and indexing, sharding the data on the blockchain, storing a large amount of data in multiple nodes in a dispersed manner, improving the parallel processing capability and query efficiency of the data, and at the same time, establishing an effective indexing mechanism to quickly locate the required data blocks; improving data storage efficiency, data compression, compressing the data on the blockchain before storage to reduce the storage space occupied, adopting efficient compression algorithms, such as LZ4 and Zstandard, which can significantly reduce storage costs while ensuring data integrity, deduplication and redundancy elimination, deduplication and redundancy elimination are performed for repeated data or redundant information on the blockchain, which can not only reduce the waste of storage space, but also improve the consistency and accuracy of data; strengthening data security protection, data encryption, encrypting all data on the blockchain to ensure the security of data during transmission and storage, and adopting strong encryption algorithms, such as AES and RSA , encrypt and decrypt data, and at the same time, strengthen key management to ensure the security and availability of keys; access control, implement refined access control mechanisms through technical means such as smart contracts to ensure that only authorized users can access relevant data, which can prevent unauthorized access and data leakage and other security incidents; optimize data storage environment, distributed storage, use distributed storage technology to store blockchain data on multiple nodes to improve data reliability and availability, even if some nodes fail or are damaged, the overall data can still remain intact and accessible; hardware optimization, select high-performance hardware devices to support blockchain data storage and processing, for example, use high-speed SSD hard drives to increase data reading and writing speeds, and use multi-core processors and large-capacity memory to improve the system's concurrent processing capabilities and data processing capabilities; continuous monitoring and adjustment, performance monitoring, regularly monitor the performance of the blockchain data storage system, including storage capacity, reading and writing speeds, response time and other indicators, and adjust the optimization strategy in time according to the monitoring results to improve system performance; security audit, regularly conduct security audits and vulnerability scans on the blockchain data storage system, promptly discover and repair potential security risks, and strengthen the system's security protection measures to prevent malicious attacks and data leakage incidents.

[0019] In a further embodiment, the step (6) optimizes the data index and retrieval mechanism, establishes an efficient index, and establishes an efficient index mechanism for the data on the blockchain, such as a hash index, a B-tree index, etc., so as to quickly locate the required data block. The index can be constructed based on the key attributes of the data to improve the query efficiency; distributed query, using the distributed characteristics of the blockchain to realize the distributed processing of query requests, distribute the query requests to multiple nodes for parallel processing, and then summarize the results and return them to the user, which can significantly improve the query response speed and throughput; optimize the query algorithm and logic, intelligent query optimization, automatically select the optimal query path and algorithm according to the characteristics of the query request and the distribution of the data, for example, for range query, you can select a suitable index for scanning, for point query, you can directly locate the specific data block; query cache, for frequently queried data, it can be cached in the memory to reduce direct access to the blockchain, and at the same time, you can set a cache elimination strategy to ensure that the cache always stores the latest data; strengthen data access control and permission management, and realize refined permissions through technical means such as smart contracts Management mechanism, ensure that only users with corresponding permissions can access specific data, which can prevent unauthorized access and data leakage and other security incidents; identity authentication, authenticate users who access blockchain data to ensure that the user's identity is authentic and reliable. Digital signatures, public key encryption and other technical means can be used for identity authentication and authorization, and provide intuitive and easy-to-use query interfaces and graphical interfaces. Provide users with intuitive and easy-to-use graphical query interfaces to facilitate users to enter query requests and view query results. The interface should be concise and clear, easy to operate and understand; API interface, provide rich API interfaces for third-party developers to use, so that blockchain data can be integrated into various applications. The API interface should be stable, reliable, easy to integrate and use; continuous monitoring and optimization, performance monitoring, regularly monitor the performance of the blockchain data storage system, including query response time, throughput, resource utilization and other indicators, and adjust the optimization strategy in time according to the monitoring results to improve system performance; user feedback, actively collect user feedback, understand user satisfaction and needs for data access and query functions, and make targeted optimization and improvements based on user feedback.

[0020] A logistics blockchain data storage system includes the following steps:

[0021] 1. System Overview,The logistics blockchain data storage system uses blockchain technology to record various data in the logistics process (such as order information, transportation track, cargo status, etc.) in the form of blocks on the blockchain, forming an orderly data chain. These data can not only be distributed and stored on multiple nodes, but also the integrity and security of the data can be guaranteed by cryptography.

[0022] 2. System Features Decentralized storage, data no longer relies on a single centralized server, but is distributed on multiple nodes, which improves the reliability and anti-attack ability of the system. Immutability: Once the data is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be tampered with or deleted, ensuring the authenticity and credibility of the data. Traceability: Each block contains the hash value of the previous block, forming a complete data chain that can trace the source and change process of the data. Efficiency: By optimizing the data indexing and retrieval mechanism, query algorithm and logic, etc., the efficiency of data access and query is improved. Security: A variety of security measures such as data encryption, access control, and identity authentication are adopted to ensure the security of data during storage, transmission, and access.

[0023] 3. System architecture. The logistics blockchain data storage system usually includes the following key components: Data acquisition module: responsible for collecting various data in the logistics process, such as order information, transportation track, cargo status, etc. Blockchain network: a decentralized network composed of multiple nodes, responsible for data storage, verification and transmission. Smart contract: an automated script running on the blockchain, used to define and execute various rules and logic in the logistics process. Query interface: provides an intuitive and easy-to-use query interface to facilitate users to access and query data on the blockchain. Security module: responsible for data encryption, access control, identity authentication and other security functions to ensure data security

[0024] 4. Technical optimization. In order to further improve the performance of the logistics blockchain data storage system, the following technical optimizations can be performed: Data compression: Use efficient data compression algorithms to reduce storage space usage. Index optimization: Establish an efficient data indexing mechanism to improve the efficiency of data query. Node optimization: Optimize the configuration and layout of nodes to improve the stability and scalability of the system. Smart contract optimization: Optimize the efficiency of smart contract writing and execution, reduce resource consumption and delays. Security reinforcement: Strengthen security measures such as data encryption, access control, and identity authentication to improve the security of the system.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The present invention optimizes the data indexing and retrieval mechanism, query algorithm and logic, and provides an efficient query interface, which can significantly improve the efficiency and speed of data access. Users can obtain the required data more quickly, improve the response speed and efficiency of the overall business process, and strengthen data encryption, access control, and identity authentication measures to ensure the security of data during storage, transmission, and access; this helps prevent data leakage, tampering, and unauthorized access, protect the interests of enterprises and users, and reduce storage space occupancy and storage costs through technical means such as data compression, deduplication, and redundancy elimination; at the same time, optimizing the data storage structure and environment can also improve the utilization of storage resources and further reduce storage costs.

[0027] 2. The present invention optimizes the data storage and query mechanism of the blockchain system, so that it can support more data and users, and improve the scalability of the system. This helps to cope with the growing demand for logistics services and maintain the stability and efficient operation of the system. Providing an intuitive and easy-to-use query interface and a graphical interface can lower the user's usage threshold and improve the user experience. Users can more conveniently access and query the required data, improve work efficiency and satisfaction; the optimized logistics blockchain data storage method and system provide a more flexible and efficient data processing capability for the logistics business; this helps enterprises to develop new business models and services, and promote innovation and development in the logistics industry; blockchain technology itself has the characteristics of being tamper-proof and traceable; by optimizing the data storage and access mechanism, the consistency and traceability of the data can be further ensured, providing more reliable data support for the logistics business. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0030] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] A logistics blockchain data storage method and system of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0032] (1) Data collection: Collect data from all links in the logistics chain, including cargo information, transportation status, timestamp, and location information; collect relevant supporting documents, such as transportation contracts, invoices, customs documents, etc., to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the data.

[0033] (2) Data encryption: Use encryption algorithms to encrypt the collected data to ensure the security of the data during transmission and storage. The encryption process may include symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption or hash algorithms, etc. The appropriate encryption method should be selected based on the importance and sensitivity of the data.

[0034] (3) Block construction: Encrypted data and related metadata are packaged into a block; each block contains the hash value of the previous block, forming a chain structure to ensure the immutability and traceability of the data.

[0035] (4) Consensus mechanism: New blocks are added to the blockchain through the consensus mechanism to ensure consensus and consistency of data among all participating nodes. The choice of consensus mechanism depends on the specific requirements of the system, such as transaction speed and energy consumption.

[0036] (5) Data storage: Distributed storage is used to store blockchain data on multiple nodes to improve data security and reliability. Nodes can back up and verify data with each other to ensure that data is still available when some nodes fail.

[0037] (6) Data access and query: Provide a secure access interface and query mechanism to allow authorized users to query and access data on the blockchain as needed; query results can be encrypted or desensitized to protect the privacy of the data.

[0038] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any marking in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0039] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A logistics blockchain data storage method and system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) Data collection: Collect data from all links in the logistics chain, including cargo information, transportation status, timestamp, and location information; collect relevant supporting documents, such as transportation contracts, invoices, customs documents, etc., to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the data. (2) Data encryption: Use encryption algorithms to encrypt the collected data to ensure the security of the data during transmission and storage. The encryption process may include symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption or hash algorithms, etc. The appropriate encryption method should be selected based on the importance and sensitivity of the data. (3) Block construction: The encrypted data and related metadata are packaged into a block; each block contains the hash value of the previous block, forming a chain structure to ensure the immutability and traceability of the data. (4) Consensus mechanism: New blocks are added to the blockchain through the consensus mechanism to ensure consensus and consistency of data among all participating nodes. The choice of consensus mechanism depends on the specific requirements of the system, such as transaction speed and energy consumption. (5) Data storage: Distributed storage is used to store blockchain data on multiple nodes to improve data security and reliability. Nodes can back up and verify data with each other to ensure that data is still available when some nodes fail. (6) Data access and query: Provide a secure access interface and query mechanism to allow authorized users to query and access data on the blockchain as needed; query results can be encrypted or desensitized to protect the privacy of the data.

2. A logistics blockchain data storage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When implementing the step (1), firstly, the data collection requirements and standards are clarified, detailed data requirements are defined, and it is clear which logistics data needs to be collected, including cargo information, transportation status, timestamp, location information, temperature and humidity and other key indicators, and data collection standards are formulated to ensure that all personnel or equipment involved in data collection follow a unified data format, coding and naming specification to improve data consistency and comparability; secondly, an efficient data collection method is selected, and IoT devices are integrated to use IoT technologies such as RFID tags, GPS trackers, temperature sensors, etc. to automatically collect and transmit logistics data; these devices can record the location, status and environmental conditions of the cargo in real time, reducing manual intervention and errors. Optimize API interface, establish API interface with logistics-related systems and platforms, and realize automatic synchronization and exchange of data; by optimizing the performance and stability of API interface, the timeliness and accuracy of data can be ensured, and then strengthen data quality control real-time data verification, in the process of data collection, the data is verified and cleaned in real time to eliminate errors, duplications or invalid data; this can be achieved by setting data verification rules and algorithms, abnormal detection and processing: establish an abnormal detection mechanism to timely discover and handle abnormal situations in data; for example, when the location information of the goods suddenly disappears or the temperature exceeds the normal range, the system should be able to automatically issue an alarm and take corresponding measures, regular data audit, regularly audit and evaluate the collected data to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data. This can be achieved by comparing with the original data source, checking the timestamp and signature of the data, etc.; then use blockchain technology to improve data security and reliability, encrypted storage, encrypt the collected data to ensure the security of data during transmission and storage. Only authorized users can access and decrypt data; distributed storage, store the encrypted data in multiple nodes in the blockchain network to improve the reliability and anti-attack ability of data. Even if some nodes are attacked or damaged, the overall data is still safe and reliable, and cannot be tampered with. The tamper-proof characteristics of the blockchain are used to ensure that once the data is written into the blockchain, it cannot be tampered with or deleted. This can improve the credibility and legal effect of the data. Finally, continuous optimization and improvement, feedback mechanism, establish a user feedback mechanism, and timely collect users' opinions and suggestions on the data collection process and data quality; Based on the feedback, continuously optimize and improve data collection methods and systems; Technological innovation: focus on the latest technologies and development trends in the field of logistics blockchain data storage, actively explore and apply new technologies and methods to improve the efficiency and quality of data collection; training and education: strengthen the training and education of data collectors and technicians, and improve their professional quality and operational skills. Ensure that they can master data collection methods and system operation specifications; use blockchain smart contracts: define the rules and conditions for data collection in smart contracts, and automatically trigger the data collection process when specific conditions are met. This can improve the automation and response speed of data collection.

3. A logistics blockchain data storage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), a strong encryption algorithm is selected according to industry standards. Widely verified and recognized encryption algorithms such as AES and RSA are selected. These algorithms have performed well in protecting data from unauthorized access and tampering. Key management: Establish a secure key management system to ensure that the generation, storage, distribution and use of keys meet security standards. Hierarchical key management is adopted, such as using a master key to encrypt multiple subkeys to improve the flexibility and security of the system; encryption strategies are optimized, end-to-end encryption is implemented, and logistics data is encrypted end-to-end, that is, the encryption is maintained throughout the entire transmission process from the data source to the end user, which can prevent the data from being stolen or tampered with during the transmission process; selective encryption: Selectively encrypt part of the data according to the importance and sensitivity of the data. For non-sensitive data, lower-intensity encryption measures or no encryption can be used to save computing resources and improve system performance; dynamic encryption: dynamically adjust encryption strategies according to business needs and environmental changes. For example, during data transmission, encryption strength and algorithms can be adjusted in real time according to network conditions and security requirements; strengthen the integration and application of encryption technology, deeply integrate it with blockchain technology, closely combine encryption technology with blockchain technology, and use the distributed ledger and non-tamperability characteristics of blockchain to improve the security and credibility of encrypted data. In the blockchain network, each node can verify the integrity and authenticity of the data, thereby ensuring the secure transmission and storage of encrypted data; cross-platform compatibility: ensure that encryption technology is cross-platform compatible and supports different operating systems and hardware devices. This It helps to achieve seamless data transmission and sharing while maintaining the consistency and security of encrypted data; continuous monitoring and evaluation, performance monitoring, regular monitoring of the performance of encryption technology, including encryption speed, decryption speed, resource consumption and other indicators, and timely adjustment of encryption strategies and optimization algorithms based on monitoring results to improve system performance and user experience; security assessment, regular security assessment of encryption technology, including vulnerability scanning, penetration testing, etc., timely discovery and repair of potential security risks, to ensure the effectiveness and reliability of encryption technology; training and awareness enhancement, strengthening employee training, regular training and guidance of employees on data encryption technology, improving employees' security awareness and operational skills, ensuring that employees can correctly understand and apply encryption technology, and avoiding data leakage and security issues caused by human factors; Improve user awareness and raise users' awareness of the importance of data encryption through publicity and education activities. Encourage users to adopt secure communication and storage methods to jointly maintain the security and stability of the logistics blockchain data storage system and network.

4. A logistics blockchain data storage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step (3) optimizes the block structure and simplifies the block header information: the block header contains the metadata of the block, such as version number, timestamp, difficulty value, random number; by simplifying the block header information, the block size can be reduced and the transmission and verification efficiency of the block can be improved. However, it is necessary to keep the necessary information to maintain the security and integrity of the blockchain; optimize the block body data storage. The block body stores specific information such as transaction data. In the logistics blockchain, the characteristics of logistics data can be optimized, such as using more efficient data encoding methods, compression algorithms or distributed storage strategies to reduce storage space occupancy; Improve the speed of block generation and optimize the consensus mechanism. The consensus mechanism is the key process for nodes in the blockchain network to reach consensus and generate new blocks. In the logistics blockchain, you can choose a suitable consensus mechanism according to actual needs, such as Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS) or Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS). At the same time, you can optimize the parameters and processes of the consensus algorithm to improve the consensus efficiency and block generation speed; increase the number of nodes. Increasing the number of nodes in the blockchain network can improve the degree of decentralization of the system, enhance the robustness and security of the system, and at the same time, more nodes participating in the consensus process can also improve the speed and efficiency of block generation; ensure the security of block data, strengthen data encryption, encrypt the data in the block, and ensure data To ensure the security of data during transmission and storage, strong encryption algorithms and secure key management strategies are used to prevent data from being stolen or tampered with; to verify block data, after the block is generated, the authenticity and integrity of the block data are ensured through mutual verification between nodes. The verification process includes checking the correctness of the block header information, whether the transaction data in the block body is legal, and whether the link relationship between blocks is valid; to optimize block storage and retrieval, distributed storage, distribute blockchain data on multiple nodes for storage, improve data reliability and availability, even if some nodes fail or are damaged, the overall data can still remain intact and accessible, index and query optimization, establish index and query mechanisms for blockchain data, and improve data retrieval efficiency and query speed. Through indexing, specific blocks or transaction data can be quickly located to meet the different needs of users; continuous monitoring and adjustment, performance monitoring, regular monitoring of the performance of the blockchain network, including block generation speed, transaction processing capacity, network latency and other indicators, timely adjustment of optimization strategies according to monitoring results to improve system performance; security audit, regular security audit and vulnerability scanning of the blockchain network, timely discovery and repair of potential security risks, while strengthening the security protection measures of the node to prevent malicious attacks and data leakage and other incidents.

5. A logistics blockchain data storage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step (4) selects a suitable consensus mechanism and evaluates the existing consensus mechanism. First, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted on the currently used consensus mechanism to understand its advantages and disadvantages, performance, and whether it meets the specific needs of the logistics blockchain. Considering the characteristics of the logistics industry, the logistics industry has high requirements for data real-time, security, and traceability. Therefore, when selecting a consensus mechanism, priority should be given to mechanisms that can support these characteristics, such as proof of stake (PoS), delegated proof of stake (DPoS), or practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT). Optimize the consensus algorithm and improve consensus efficiency: By optimizing the consensus algorithm, the time and computing resources required to reach a consensus can be reduced. For example, in the PoS mechanism, the efficiency and fairness of selecting accountants can be improved by optimizing the algorithm for electing accountants. Enhance security and strengthen the security of the consensus mechanism to prevent security threats such as malicious nodes or 51% attacks. For example, in the PBFT mechanism, the security and stability of the system can be improved by adding more fault-tolerant nodes and verification steps. Introduce a hybrid consensus mechanism and combine multiple consensus mechanisms. Considering the possible limitations of a single consensus mechanism, it is possible to consider combining multiple consensus mechanisms. For example, combining PoS and DPoS can ensure both It retains the efficiency of PoS and introduces the representativeness and democracy of DPoS. It dynamically adjusts the consensus mechanism according to the actual situation and demand changes of the blockchain network. For example, when the network load is low, a simpler consensus mechanism is used to improve efficiency, and when the network load is high or the security threat increases, a more complex consensus mechanism is used to ensure security. It optimizes consensus nodes and increases the number of nodes. By increasing the number of consensus nodes, the decentralization and robustness of the system can be improved. At the same time, the fault tolerance and anti-attack ability of the system can also be improved. It improves the quality of nodes, screens and reviews consensus nodes, and ensures that only nodes with sufficient computing power and credibility can participate in the consensus process, which helps to reduce the impact of malicious nodes and improve the accuracy and reliability of consensus. It continuously monitors and adjusts performance, regularly monitors the performance of the blockchain network, including consensus speed, transaction processing capacity, network delay and other indicators, and adjusts the optimization strategy in time according to the monitoring results to improve system performance. It also conducts security audits and vulnerability scans on the blockchain network regularly to promptly discover and repair potential security risks, and strengthens the security protection measures of nodes to prevent malicious attacks and data leaks.

6. A logistics blockchain data storage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step (5) optimizes the data storage structure and adopts efficient data structures, such as Merkle trees. These data structures have significant advantages in reducing data storage and verification overhead. Merkle trees organize large amounts of data into a compact structure through hash values, making data integrity and authenticity verification more efficient. Data sharding and indexing: sharding the data on the blockchain and distributing large amounts of data on multiple nodes to improve data parallel processing capabilities and query efficiency. At the same time, an effective indexing mechanism is established to quickly locate the required data blocks. Improve data storage efficiency, data compression, compress the data on the blockchain before storage to reduce storage space occupation, use efficient compression algorithms, such as LZ4, Zstandard, can significantly reduce storage costs while ensuring data integrity, deduplication and redundancy elimination, for repeated data or redundant information on the blockchain, deduplication and redundancy elimination processing, which can not only reduce the waste of storage space, but also improve data consistency and accuracy; strengthen data security protection, data encryption, encrypt all data on the blockchain to ensure the security of data during transmission and storage, use strong encryption algorithms, such as AES, RSA, to encrypt and decrypt data, and at the same time, strengthen key management to ensure the security and availability of keys; access control, through smart contracts and other technical means to achieve refined access control mechanism to ensure that only authorized users can access relevant data, which can prevent unauthorized access and data leakage, etc. The occurrence of security incidents; optimize the data storage environment, distributed storage, use distributed storage technology to store blockchain data on multiple nodes to improve data reliability and availability. Even if some nodes fail or are damaged, the overall data can still remain intact and accessible; hardware optimization, select high-performance hardware devices to support blockchain data storage and processing, for example, use high-speed SSD hard drives to increase data read and write speeds, and use multi-core processors and large-capacity memory to improve the system's concurrent processing capabilities and data processing capabilities; continuous monitoring and adjustment, performance monitoring, regular monitoring of the performance of the blockchain data storage system, including storage capacity, read and write speeds, response time and other indicators, and timely adjust the optimization strategy according to the monitoring results to improve system performance; security audits, regular security audits and vulnerability scans of the blockchain data storage system, timely discovery and repair of potential security risks, while strengthening the system's security protection measures to prevent malicious attacks and data leakage incidents.

7. A logistics blockchain data storage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step (6) optimizes the data indexing and retrieval mechanism, establishes an efficient index, and establishes an efficient indexing mechanism for the data on the blockchain, such as a hash index, a B-tree index, etc., so as to quickly locate the required data blocks. The index can be constructed based on the key attributes of the data to improve the query efficiency; Distributed query, using the distributed characteristics of blockchain to achieve distributed processing of query requests, distribute query requests to multiple nodes for parallel processing, and then aggregate the results and return them to the user, which can significantly improve the query response speed and throughput; optimize query algorithms and logic, intelligent query optimization, automatically select the optimal query path and algorithm according to the characteristics of query requests and data distribution, for example, for range queries, you can select the appropriate index for scanning, and for point queries, you can directly locate the specific data block; query cache, for frequently queried data, you can cache it in memory to reduce direct access to the blockchain, and at the same time, you can set the cache elimination strategy to ensure that the cache always stores the latest data; Strengthen data access control and authority management. Implement a refined authority management mechanism through technical means such as smart contracts to ensure that only users with corresponding permissions can access specific data. This can prevent security incidents such as unauthorized access and data leakage. Identity verification: authenticate users who access blockchain data to ensure that the user's identity is authentic and reliable. Digital signatures, public key encryption and other technical means can be used for identity verification and authorization. Provide an intuitive and easy-to-use query interface and a graphical interface to provide users with an intuitive and easy-to-use graphical query interface to facilitate users to enter query requests and view query results. The interface should be concise, clear, easy to operate and understand. API interface, providing rich API interfaces for third-party developers to use so that blockchain data can be integrated into various applications. The API interface should be stable, reliable, easy to integrate and use; continuous monitoring and optimization, performance monitoring, regular monitoring of the performance of the blockchain data storage system, including query response time, throughput, resource utilization and other indicators, timely adjust the optimization strategy according to the monitoring results to improve system performance; User feedback: actively collect user feedback, understand user satisfaction and needs for data access and query functions, and make targeted optimizations and improvements based on user feedback.

8. A logistics blockchain data storage method and system according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises the following steps:

1. System Overview,The logistics blockchain data storage system uses blockchain technology to record various data in the logistics process (such as order information, transportation track, cargo status, etc.) in the form of blocks on the blockchain, forming an orderly data chain. These data can not only be distributed and stored on multiple nodes, but also the integrity and security of the data can be guaranteed by cryptography.

2. System Features Decentralized storage, data no longer relies on a single centralized server, but is distributed on multiple nodes, which improves the reliability and anti-attack ability of the system. Immutability: Once the data is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be tampered with or deleted, ensuring the authenticity and credibility of the data. Traceability: Each block contains the hash value of the previous block, forming a complete data chain that can trace the source and change process of the data. Efficiency: By optimizing the data indexing and retrieval mechanism, query algorithm and logic, etc., the efficiency of data access and query is improved. Security: A variety of security measures such as data encryption, access control, and identity authentication are adopted to ensure the security of data during storage, transmission, and access.

3. System architecture. The logistics blockchain data storage system usually includes the following key components: Data acquisition module: responsible for collecting various data in the logistics process, such as order information, transportation track, cargo status, etc. Blockchain network: a decentralized network composed of multiple nodes, responsible for data storage, verification and transmission. Smart contract: an automated script running on the blockchain, used to define and execute various rules and logic in the logistics process. Query interface: provides an intuitive and easy-to-use query interface to facilitate users to access and query data on the blockchain. Security module: responsible for data encryption, access control, identity authentication and other security functions to ensure data security 4. Technical optimization: In order to further improve the performance of the logistics blockchain data storage system, the following technical optimizations can be performed: Data compression: Use efficient data compression algorithms to reduce storage space usage. Index optimization: Establish an efficient data indexing mechanism to improve the efficiency of data query. Node optimization: Optimize the configuration and layout of nodes to improve the stability and scalability of the system. Smart contract optimization: Optimize the efficiency of smart contract writing and execution, reduce resource consumption and delay. Security reinforcement: Strengthen security measures such as data encryption, access control and identity authentication to improve the security of the system.