Method for regulating and controlling growth of potamogeton crispus

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological protection, in particular to a growth regulation and control method for potamogeton crispus. The growth regulation and control method comprises the combination of the following two means: 1) water surface shading; (2) planting submerged plants; the submerged plants comprise one or more of elodea nuttallii, waterweed, vallisneria natans and hydrilla varticillata. According to the growth regulation and control method for the potamogeton crispus, after implementation, the plant height of the potamogeton crispus can be reduced by 30% or above, the growth rate is reduced by 55% or above, and meanwhile removal of nitrogen-containing pollutants in a water body is facilitated. According to the submerged plant planting device, submerged plant planting is input at a time, the shading floating ball can be repeatedly used and recycled, operation is easy, cost is low, no chemical agent needs to be used, and the environment is clean and free of pollution. Compared with manual potamogeton crispus salvage, the workload of the potamogeton crispus salvage device lies in throwing and recycling the floating balls in spring every year, manpower and equipment expenses are greatly reduced, and water plant residues do not need to be cleared, transported and treated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological protection, and in particular to a method for regulating the growth of water chestnuts. Background Art

[0002] The overgrowth of Potamogeton crispus has always been a key issue in the field of ecological research and environmental protection. In eutrophic shallow lakes, the massive growth and concentrated corruption of Potamogeton crispus cause the water environment to deteriorate rapidly in a short period of time.

[0003] Shallow lakes refer to freshwater lakes with a depth of less than 3 m. In recent years, as the eutrophication problem of lake water bodies has worsened, Water Chestnut, as a widely distributed pollution-tolerant plant, has become more prosperous due to its high adaptability to adverse environmental conditions and has occupied a dominant position in the submerged plant community. Lake water environment problems caused by the infestation of Water Chestnut have been reported many times across the country.

[0004] At present, there are few reports on the results of the flooding of waterweed. The utility model patent "Mobile water surface shading and algae control device" (CN202466548U) discloses a device that uses a shading bracket and an overlying material to reduce the light on the water surface to control the density of phytoplankton in the water body. The invention patent "A method for rapid system restoration of water ecology in medium and large freshwater lakes" (CN115745194A) uses artificial introduction to restore aquatic vegetation communities. The submerged plant species selected are waterweed (Potamogeton crispus L.), duckweed (Ceratophyllum demersum), and spike foxtail algae (Myriophyllum spicatum L.). The invention patent "A submerged plant planting bag" (CN 110249853) discloses a plant planting bag that can be naturally decomposed in the water body, which can promote the reproduction of new plants and roots outside the planting bag.

[0005] It can be seen that the control measures for the excessive growth of waterweed are mainly manual and mechanical salvage, with auxiliary measures such as the release of herbivorous fish. The existing technology is not designed for the growth characteristics and environment of waterweed, resulting in the missed best time for control, and there are problems such as single prevention and control methods and low efficiency, and it is impossible to combine the local water environment for long-term and effective control. Even if a large amount of money and manpower is invested every year, waterweed will still erupt periodically.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for engineering models and implementation methods that are effective, require little investment, and are easy to implement, so as to provide a rapid and systematic control measure for the problem of excessive growth of water chestnuts in shallow lakes. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for regulating the growth of water chestnuts, which is suitable for the treatment of natural lakes, reservoirs or landscape water bodies with water chestnut infestation problems.

[0008] Based on this, the present invention has the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for regulating the growth of water chestnuts, which comprises a combination of the following two means: 1) shading the water surface; 2) planting submerged plants; the submerged plants include one or more of Elodea, Waterwort, Vallisneria and Hydrilla verticillata.

[0009] The present invention found that the key to regulating the growth of water chestnuts in shallow lakes is to combine water surface shading with submerged plant planting. If the former is used alone, water chestnuts will recover quickly after the shading measures are removed; if the latter is used alone, artificially planted submerged plants will be at a disadvantage in the resource competition with water chestnuts and will soon degenerate. The right timing is the key to the success of this technology. Water chestnuts are most sensitive to changes in light intensity during the germination period. When the growth of water chestnuts enters the peak period, it is difficult to use other methods except manual salvage to limit its growth.

[0010] Further preferably, the submerged plants include Vallisneria and / or Hydrilla verticillata.

[0011] Preferably, the planting density of the submerged plants is 10 to 20 plants / m 2 .

[0012] Preferably, the shading rate of the water surface is >75%.

[0013] Preferably, the water surface is shielded from light for 10 to 40 days.

[0014] Preferably, a shading material is covered on the water surface to form a shading layer to achieve shading of the water surface.

[0015] Preferably, the water surface shading material is a black polyethylene float with a diameter of 3 to 10 cm.

[0016] The main function of the polyethylene float in the present invention is to block light, and it can be replaced by other materials such as floating plates, biological floating beds, etc.

[0017] Preferably, the method for regulating the growth of water chestnuts in shallow lakes further comprises regulating the water temperature for the growth of water chestnuts to be 12-19°C; And / or, the growth regulation method is implemented 5 to 20 days after the germination of water chestnuts in spring.

[0018] Preferably, the depth of the shallow lake is less than or equal to 3 m.

[0019] In the present invention, the key time nodes of each stage in the growth process of water chestnut are clarified. At different stages of water chestnut growth, the demand for light is also different. There is a big difference in the effect of taking shading measures. Carrying out management at the right time can obtain the maximum effect. The present invention finds that the germination period of water chestnut is different from that of other submerged plants. Short-term shading can significantly inhibit the growth of water chestnut, and has little effect on other submerged plants. After removing the shading measures, the biomass of water chestnut is greatly reduced, and other submerged plants will recover in a short time, thereby weakening the dominance of water chestnut in interspecific competition. Vallisneria and Verticillastera can tolerate low light environment well. Under reasonable planting density, they play a role in limiting the growth of water chestnut by competing for resources such as sunlight and nutrients.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for regulating the growth of Potamogeton crispus in shallow lakes comprises: (1) Monitoring water temperature Regularly monitor water temperature in spring, and take measures to regulate the growth of water chestnuts when the daily average water temperature reaches above 12 degrees Celsius; (2) Planting submerged plants Wrapping and fixing the plant root system or the bottom of the plant with moist soil, and then planting by throwing; the plants include Vallisneria and / or Hydrilla verticillata, and the planting density is 10 to 20 plants per square meter; (3) Insert the light-shielding float Use black polyethylene floats with a diameter of 5-8 cm to cover the water surface to form a light-shielding layer on the water surface; the light-shielding rate of the water surface is >75%; (5) Salvage the light-shielding buoy About 10 to 40 days after the shading buoys are put into use, the shading buoys floating on the water surface are salvaged and reused for treatment in the second year.

[0021] In the present invention, for natural lakes with a large water area, a fence is set up in the early stage of the project. Bamboo poles or steel pipe piles are driven into the bottom mud layer at intervals, and a fence is hung to separate the fence area from the outer lake area, and the fence needs to be higher than the water surface.

[0022] Preferably, the growth regulation method is applied to Potamogeton crispus in a shallow lake, the depth of which is less than or equal to 3 m.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present invention provides application of the growth regulation method of Water Chestnut in improving water quality.

[0024] The method for regulating the growth of water chestnuts in shallow lakes provided by the present invention can reduce the plant height of water chestnuts by more than 30% and the growth rate by more than 55% after implementation, and is also beneficial to the removal of nitrogen-containing pollutants in the water body. In the present invention, the planting of submerged plants is a one-time investment, and the light-shielding buoy can be reused and recycled. The operation is simple and the cost is low. No chemical agents are required, and the environment is clean and pollution-free. Compared with manual salvaging of water chestnuts, the workload of the present invention is to put in and recover the buoys every spring, and the manpower and equipment costs are greatly reduced, and there is no need to clear and treat the aquatic plant residues. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the regulation method of the water chestnut growth regulation in shallow lakes provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is an actual control diagram of the method for controlling the growth of water chestnuts in shallow lakes provided by the present invention, wherein the left diagram is before the control and the right diagram is after the control.

[0028] Figure 3 The figures are 1 to 3 weeks after the start of the regulation of the growth regulation method of Water Chestnut in shallow lakes provided by the present invention, wherein the left picture shows the growth effect after 1 week of regulation, the middle picture shows the growth effect after 2 weeks of regulation, and the right picture shows the growth effect after 3 weeks of regulation.

[0029] Figure 4 The invention discloses a result of plant height change of water chestnut seedlings in the water chestnut growth regulation method in shallow lakes provided by the invention.

[0030] Figure 5 The invention discloses a method for regulating the growth of water chestnuts in shallow lakes and a result of a change in the number of leaves of water chestnuts seedlings.

[0031] Figure 6 The dry weight change results of Water Chestnut Seedlings in the Water Chestnut Growth Control Method in Shallow Lakes provided by the present invention; CK in the figure represents the blank control group, and T0 represents Example 1.

[0032] Figure 7 The change of chlorophyll a content of plants in the method for regulating the growth of Potamogeton crispus in shallow lakes provided by the present invention; CK in the figure represents the blank control group, and T0 represents Example 1.

[0033] Figure 8The change of chlorophyll b content of plants in the method for regulating the growth of Potamogeton crispus in shallow lakes provided by the present invention; CK in the figure represents the blank control group, and T0 represents Example 1.

[0034] Fig. 9 The figure shows the change of total chlorophyll content of plants in the method for regulating the growth of Potamogeton crispus in shallow lakes provided by the present invention; CK in the figure represents the blank control group, and T0 represents Example 1.

[0035] Fig.10 The results of the effects of different submerged plants on the biomass of Water Chestnut in the method for regulating the growth of Water Chestnut in shallow lakes provided by the present invention; in the figure, CK represents the blank control group, R1 represents Example 1, R2 represents Example 2, and R3 represents Comparative Example 1.

[0036] Fig.11 The present invention provides a physical diagram of the effects of different submerged plants on the biomass of Water Chestnut in the method for regulating the growth of Water Chestnut in shallow lakes, wherein a) represents a blank control group, b) represents Example 1, c) represents Example 2, and d) represents Comparative Example 1.

[0037] Fig.12 The results of the effects of different submerged macrophytes on total nitrogen in the water quality in the method for regulating the growth of water chestnuts in shallow lakes provided by the present invention; in the figure, CK represents the blank control group, R1 represents Example 1, R2 represents Example 2, and R3 represents Comparative Example 1.

[0038] Fig.13 The results of the effects of different submerged macrophytes on total phosphorus in the method for regulating the growth of water chestnuts in shallow lakes provided by the present invention are shown; in the figure, CK represents a blank control group, R1 represents Example 1, R2 represents Example 2, and R3 represents Comparative Example 1.

[0039] Fig.14 The results of the effects of different submerged plants on the total suspended solids in the water quality in the method for regulating the growth of water chestnuts in shallow lakes provided by the present invention; in the figure, CK represents the blank control group, R1 represents Example 1, R2 represents Example 2, and R3 represents Comparative Example 1.

[0040] Fig.15 The results of the effects of different submerged plants on the permanganate index of water quality in the method for regulating the growth of water chestnuts in shallow lakes provided by the present invention; in the figure, CK represents the blank control group, R1 represents Example 1, R2 represents Example 2, and R3 represents Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Unless otherwise specified, the various raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples are commercially available conventional raw materials, and the technical means used are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0043] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for regulating the growth of water chestnuts in shallow lakes. The regulation diagram is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the actual control picture is shown in Figure 2 ( Figure 2 The left picture is before regulation, and the right picture is after regulation) includes the following steps: (1) Monitoring water temperature Monitor water temperature regularly in spring. When the daily average water temperature reaches above 12 degrees Celsius, measures to regulate the growth of water chestnuts can be taken.

[0044] (2) Setting up enclosures For natural lakes with large water areas, enclosures are used in the early stages of the project. Bamboo poles or steel pipe piles are driven into the bottom mud layer at certain intervals, and fences are hung to separate the enclosure area from the outer lake area. The fence needs to be 50 cm above the water surface. The purpose is to confine the polyethylene buoys within the fence to prevent them from being blown away by wind and waves.

[0045] (3) Planting submerged plants Choose Vallisneria natans with a plant height of no less than 10 cm, wrap the plant roots or the bottom of the plant with a certain volume of moist soil, put it in a non-woven bag, and then tie it with a nylon rope. Then cast it into the water slowly. The planting density is 10 to 20 plants per square meter.

[0046] (4) Insert the light-shielding float Place a 7 cm diameter black polyethylene float into the enclosure until it covers the entire water surface and forms a light shielding layer on the water surface. Use a illuminance meter to measure the light intensity reduction rate. If it reaches more than 75%, it is sufficient. Otherwise, replace the float with a smaller diameter.

[0047] (5) Salvage the light-shielding buoy About 10 to 40 days after the sunshade buoys are put into use, use a dredging net to fish out the sunshade buoys floating on the water surface, put them into woven bags or other containers for safekeeping, and they can be reused for treatment in the second year. Figure 3 , Figure 3 The middle left picture shows the growth effect of 1 week of regulation, the middle picture shows the growth effect of 2 weeks of regulation, and the right picture shows the growth effect of 3 weeks of regulation.

[0048] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for regulating the growth of water chestnuts in shallow lakes, which is different from Embodiment 1 only in that the submerged plants are replaced with Hydrilla verticillata with a plant height of 15 to 20 cm.

[0049] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a method for regulating the growth of Potamogeton crispus in a shallow lake, which differs from Example 1 only in that the submerged plant is replaced by Potamogeton rapa.

[0050] Test example 1. Effect of shading time on the morphology and biomass of water chestnuts: Effects of shading time on the morphology and biomass of Potamogeton crispus Figures 4 to 6 .in, Figure 4 This is the result of the height change of Potamogeton crispus seedlings. Figure 5 The results of the changes in the number of leaves of Potamogeton crispus seedlings are shown in Figure 2. Figure 6 The results are the dry weight changes of Potamogeton crispus seedlings; CK in the figure represents the blank control group, and T0 represents Example 1.

[0051] The results showed that shading significantly affected the height growth of water chestnuts over time. When shading was applied for 30-40 days, the plant height decreased significantly and a large number of plants died. As the number of experimental days increased, the degree of inhibition of leaf number by shading increased. A large number of leaves in the 30- and 40-day experimental groups rotted. The dry weight of water chestnut seedlings decreased from 20 to 30 days, the water chestnut seedlings stopped growing, and a large number of water chestnuts died and gradually rotted.

[0052] 2. Effect of shading time on chlorophyll of Potamogeton crispus: Effect of shading time on chlorophyll in Potamogeton crispus Figures 7-9 .in, Figure 7 stands for chlorophyll a, Figure 8 represents chlorophyll b, Fig. 9 represents total chlorophyll.

[0053] The results showed that Water Chestnut has a certain degree of defense against weak light stress. When the light intensity in the environment decreases, the plant will produce a defensive reaction and promote chlorophyll synthesis. However, when the external environmental stress exceeds the adjustable range of the submerged plant itself, it will cause damage to the plant and even cause its death.

[0054] 3. Effects of different submerged plants on the biomass of Potamogeton crispus: The effects of different submerged plants on the biomass of Potamogeton crispus can be seen in Figures 10-11 .

[0055] 4. The impact of different submerged plants on water quality: The effects of different submerged plants on water quality can be seen in Figures 12 to 15 .

[0056] The results showed that the inhibitory effects of Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria odora on the growth of Potamogeton crispus were better than those of Potamogeton natans. Vallisneria odora had a better ability to improve water quality than Hydrilla verticillata and Potamogeton natans.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for regulating the growth of water chestnuts, characterized in that: This includes a combination of the following two approaches: 1) shading the water surface; 2) planting submerged plants; the submerged plants include one or more of Elodea, Waterwort, Vallisneria and Hydrilla verticillata.

2. The method for regulating the growth of Potamogeton crispus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting density of the submerged plants is 10 to 20 plants / m2.

3. The method for regulating the growth of Potamogeton crispus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The shading rate of water surface shading is >75%.

4. The method for regulating the growth of Potamogeton crispus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The water surface is shielded from sunlight for 10 to 40 days.

5. The method for regulating the growth of Potamogeton crispus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The water surface is covered with a shading material to form a shading layer to achieve shading of the water surface. The water surface shading material is a black polyethylene float; preferably, the diameter is 3 to 10 cm.

6. The method for regulating the growth of Potamogeton crispus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also includes regulating the water temperature for the growth of water chestnuts to 12~19℃.

7. The method for regulating the growth of Potamogeton crispus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The growth regulation method is implemented 5 to 20 days after the germination of water chestnuts in spring.

8. The method for regulating the growth of Potamogeton crispus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: (1) Monitoring water temperature Regularly monitor water temperature in spring, and take measures to regulate the growth of water chestnuts when the daily average water temperature reaches above 12 degrees Celsius; (2) Planting submerged plants Wrapping and fixing the plant root system or the bottom of the plant with moist soil, and then planting by throwing; the plants include Vallisneria and / or Hydrilla verticillata, and the planting density is 10 to 20 plants per square meter; (3) Insert the light-shielding float Use black polyethylene floats with a diameter of 5-8 cm to cover the water surface to form a light-shielding layer on the water surface; the light-shielding rate of the water surface is >75%; (5) Salvage the light-shielding buoy About 10 to 40 days after the shading buoys are put into use, the shading buoys floating on the water surface are salvaged and reused for treatment in the second year.

9. The method for regulating the growth of Potamogeton crispus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The growth regulation method is applied to Potamogeton crispus in a shallow lake, wherein the depth of the shallow lake is less than or equal to 3 m.

10. Use of the growth regulation method of Potamogeton crispus according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in improving water quality.

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