Tremella aurantialba thickening agent and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The preparation method of the tremella aurantialba thickening agent comprises the following steps: collecting roots of tremella aurantialba sporocarp, drying, crushing, sieving, adding a solvent to obtain a tremella aurantialba raw material solution, heating, refluxing, filtering, collecting a filter cake, dissolving the filter cake with water, decoloring, concentrating, adding an alcohol organic solvent, separating, and reserving a precipitate, thereby obtaining the tremella aurantialba thickening agent. Drying, crushing and sieving to obtain the tremella aurantialba thickener. The tremella aurantialba thickening agent can effectively improve the protein absorption efficiency, the mycorrhiza part which is often discarded in the tremella aurantialba production process is utilized in the preparation method, waste is reduced, and the tremella aurantialba thickening agent has great application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a golden ear thickener and also relates to a preparation method of the golden ear thickener. Background Art

[0002] Food thickeners play a vital role in the food processing industry. They are used to improve the texture and taste of food and increase the stability and fluidity of products. For example, in sauces, soups and dairy products, thickeners can effectively increase viscosity, making the products more visually and taste-appealing. In addition, thickeners can also help retain moisture in the formula and extend the shelf life of food. Common thickeners include gelatin, vegetable gums and starches. As consumers' demand for healthy and natural products increases, the use of natural thickeners is also gaining increasing attention.

[0003] In the special food industry, especially in products that meet the needs of specific groups of people, food thickeners are also widely used. These special foods include functional foods, low-calorie foods, sugar-free foods, and baby foods. The groups that special foods are aimed at usually have strong nutrient requirements, so paying attention to the digestion and absorption of nutrients is of great significance to the development of special foods.

[0004] Most natural thickeners are polysaccharide colloids. Currently, only xanthan gum, a bacterial extracellular polysaccharide produced by fermentation of Xanthomonas campestris, is widely used as a food thickener. Edible fungi are rich in polysaccharides and are an ideal source of natural food thickeners. However, due to unfavorable factors such as stability and odor, thickeners derived from edible fungi are in urgent need of development. Summary of the invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a Tremella thickener that can promote protein digestion and absorption, and to provide a preparation method of the thickener using the mycorrhiza part as the main raw material.

[0006] Technical solution: The present invention discloses a method for preparing a Tremella thickener, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) collecting roots of Tremella fuciformis fruiting bodies, drying them, crushing them, and screening them, and adding a solvent at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 to 1:10 to obtain a Tremella fuciformis raw material liquid;

[0008] (2) heating the Tremella fuciformis raw material liquid, keeping the temperature, obtaining a material mixed liquid, adjusting the pH value, and performing a reflux reaction;

[0009] (3) After the reaction is completed, the solvent is removed by filtering, and the system is washed and filtered until there is no chloride ion, and the filter cake is collected;

[0010] (4) dissolving the filter cake with water at a material-liquid ratio of 1:30 to 1:60 to obtain a raw material liquid, adding a macroporous resin to the raw material liquid for decolorization, and collecting the filtrate to obtain a decolorized Tremella fuciformis thickener raw material liquid;

[0011] (5) concentrating the Tremella fuciformis thickener raw material liquid to 10% to 25% of the original volume to obtain a concentrated raw material liquid;

[0012] (6) slowly adding an alcohol organic solvent to the concentrated raw material solution in an amount of 5 to 10 times that of the concentrated raw material solution, and after an insoluble precipitate is precipitated, separating and retaining the precipitate;

[0013] (7) After the precipitate is dried, it is crushed and sieved to obtain the golden ear thickener.

[0014] Wherein, in step (1), the solvent is methanol; and the sieving is performed using a sieve with a mesh size of 80 or above.

[0015] Wherein, in step (2), the heating temperature is 50-60°C, the insulation time is more than 30 minutes, the pH value is adjusted to be less than 1, and the reflux temperature is 60-80°C.

[0016] Wherein, in step (3), the solvent used for cleaning the filter cake is 70% to 90% methanol or ethanol.

[0017] Wherein, in step (4), the macroporous resin used for decolorization is a polystyrene-based macroporous resin, a polyamide macroporous resin, a polyurethane macroporous resin or a polyacrylamide macroporous resin.

[0018] Wherein, in step (4), the solid-liquid ratio of the macroporous resin to the filtrate is 1:15 to 1:30, and the decolorization is performed for 5 to 8 hours.

[0019] Wherein, in step (6), the alcohol organic solvent is methanol or ethanol.

[0020] Wherein, in step (7), the sieving uses a sieve with a mesh size of 100 or above.

[0021] The invention also discloses a Tremella thickener prepared by the preparation method.

[0022] Wherein, the polysaccharide content in the golden ear thickener is above 90%.

[0023] Principle of the invention: The golden ear thickener of the present invention has excellent viscosity and will not affect the digestion and absorption of protein. Specifically, the network gel structure formed by the golden ear thickener during the digestion process does not have a strong interaction with the protein, and will not wrap the protein inside the thickener during the digestion process, resulting in insufficient contact between the protein and the digestive enzyme; further, since the golden ear thickener is a digestible polysaccharide, some monosaccharides and oligosaccharides and other carbohydrates generated after the polysaccharide is degraded will increase blood sugar levels when carbohydrates are ingested, thereby stimulating the secretion of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps proteins enter muscle cells and inhibits the decomposition of the body's own proteins, thereby promoting the absorption and utilization of exogenous proteins.

[0024] The preparation method of the Tremella fuciformis thickener of the present invention improves the viscosity and stability of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide by alkoxylation modification, further removes the odor of the spontaneous mushrooms of edible fungi by decolorization with a macroporous resin, and makes the final product more excellent in properties.

[0025] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) The Tremella fuciformis thickener of the present invention can effectively improve the protein absorption efficiency, and the protein digestion and absorption utilization rate is increased by 1.5 to 3 times compared with the most commonly used xanthan gum thickener; (2) The preparation method of the present invention utilizes the mycorrhiza part that is often discarded in the Tremella fuciformis production process to reduce waste, and utilizes the alkylation reaction in the preparation process to optimize the stability and gelling properties of the polysaccharide, so that the obtained thickener has excellent performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The apparent viscosity and shear rate curves of water thickening by Tremella fuciformis thickener NAP and xanthan gum Xan at different concentrations;

[0027] Figure 2 The apparent viscosity and shear rate curves of skim milk thickening by Tremella fuciformis thickener NAP and xanthan gum Xan at different concentrations;

[0028] Figure 3 The apparent viscosity and shear rate curves of different concentrations of Tremella thickener NAP and xanthan gum Xan on the thickening of nutritional preparations;

[0029] Figure 4 The apparent digestibility of protein in the effect of Tremella fuciformis thickener on protein absorption and metabolism in the examples;

[0030] Figure 5 The amino acid content in serum of mice in the effect of Tremella fuciformis thickener on protein absorption and metabolism in the examples;

[0031] Figure 6 The content of serum albumin in mice in the effect of Tremella fuciformis thickener on protein absorption and metabolism in the examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical scheme of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the examples. The test materials used in the examples can all be purchased through conventional channels.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] The preparation method of the Tremella fuciformis thickener of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0035] (1) Cut 10 kg of Tremella fuciformis root into uniform pieces of 0.5 cm 2 The small pieces were dried at 80°C for 6 hours, then crushed and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain about 0.9 kg of dry golden ear powder, and 5 kg of methanol was added to obtain a golden ear suspension;

[0036] (2) After heating the Tremella fuciformis suspension at 50°C for 30 min, 0.05 L of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added and refluxed at 70°C for 6 h;

[0037] (3) After the reflux is completed, the filtrate is recovered by suction filtration and can be reused. The filter cake is retained and repeatedly washed with 75% ethanol until it contains no chloride ions (no precipitation is detected by silver nitrate);

[0038] (4) Dissolve the filter cake in 40 L of water, add 2.5 kg of polyacrylamide macroporous resin, and stir to adsorb for 5 h;

[0039] (5) After the adsorption is completed, the macroporous resin is filtered out and the filtrate is concentrated to 5 L using a multi-effect concentrator.

[0040] (6) Slowly add 30 L of ethanol to the concentrate and centrifuge to obtain the precipitate;

[0041] (7) freeze-drying, and then crushing through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the golden ear thickener.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] The preparation method of the Tremella fuciformis thickener of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0044] (1) Cut 25 kg of Tremella fuciformis root into uniformly sized pieces of 0.5 cm 2 The small pieces were dried at 110°C for 4 hours, crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain about 2 kg of dry golden ear powder, and 12 kg of methanol was added to obtain a golden ear suspension;

[0045] (2) After heating the Tremella fuciformis suspension at 50°C for 30 min, 0.2 L of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added and the mixture was refluxed at 75°C for 8 h;

[0046] (3) After the reflux is completed, the filtrate is recovered by suction filtration and can be reused. The filter cake is retained and repeatedly washed with 75% ethanol until it contains no chloride ions (no precipitation is detected by silver nitrate);

[0047] (4) Dissolve the filter cake in 100 L of water, add 8 kg of polyurethane macroporous resin, and stir for 10 h;

[0048] (5) After the adsorption is completed, the macroporous resin is filtered out and the filtrate is concentrated to 20 L using a multi-effect concentrator.

[0049] (6) Slowly add 90 L of ethanol to the concentrate and filter out the precipitate;

[0050] (7) freeze-drying, and then crushing through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the golden ear thickener.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] The preparation method of the Tremella fuciformis thickener of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0053] (1) Cut 5 kg of Tremella fuciformis roots into evenly sized pieces of 1 cm 2 The small pieces were dried at 120°C for 5h, crushed and passed through a 150-mesh sieve to obtain about 0.5kg of dry golden ear powder, and 3kg of methanol was added to obtain a golden ear suspension;

[0054] (2) After heating the Tremella fuciformis suspension at 60°C for 30 min, 0.05 L of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added and the mixture was refluxed at 75°C for 8 h;

[0055] (3) After the reflux is completed, the filtrate is recovered by suction filtration and can be reused. The filter cake is retained and repeatedly washed with 75% ethanol until it contains no chloride ions (no precipitation is detected by silver nitrate);

[0056] (4) Dissolve the filter cake in 18 L of water and then add 1 kg of polyurethane macroporous resin and stir for 12 h;

[0057] (5) After the adsorption is completed, the macroporous resin is removed by filtration, and the filtrate is concentrated to 2 L using a rotary evaporator.

[0058] (6) Slowly add 4 L of ethanol to the concentrate and filter out the precipitate;

[0059] (7) freeze-drying, and then crushing through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the golden ear thickener.

[0060] Experiment on the thickening effect of Tremella thickener:

[0061] A certain amount of Tremella thickener NAP / xanthan gum XG sample was added to deionized water and stirred for 6 hours at 25°C using an IKA magnetic stirrer to ensure that the polysaccharide was evenly dispersed without agglomeration. The addition concentration of Tremella polysaccharide NAP and xanthan gum XG was 0.2%-0.8% (w / w).

[0062] First, a Tremella polysaccharide / xanthan gum aqueous solution (NAP / XG) was prepared according to the above method, and then 12% (w / w) maltodextrin, 4% (w / w) pea protein and 4% (w / w) soybean oil were added to the solution, and stirred for 3 hours at 25°C to obtain a uniformly thickened nutritional preparation. The specific composition of each sample is shown in Table 1:

[0063] Table 1. Composition of NAP / Xan thickened aqueous solution, skim milk, and nutritional preparations

[0064]

[0065] Steady-state shear experiments (flow scanning) were performed using a DHR-20 rheometer equipped with a 40 mm plate: plate gap 0.5 mm, shear rate 1-100 s -1 , test temperature 25 ° C. The concentration-dependent flow behavior of the solution was fitted by the power-law model (a) and the Carreau model (b).

[0066] τ=k·γ n (a)

[0067] η=η 0 / [1+(λ·γ) 2 ] m (b)

[0068] Table 2. Liquid η thickened by different concentrations of NAP and Xan 50 value

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] The results are as follows Figures 1 to 3 As shown in Table 2, NAP can increase the apparent viscosity of water, skim milk and nutritional preparations. 50 The values ​​of the values ​​of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide and Xan showed that Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide had a better thickening effect on water and nutritional preparations than Xanthan gum at the same concentration. Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide retained the viscoelastic behavior dominated by elasticity in thickening water, skim milk and nutritional preparations.

[0072] Experiment on the effect of Tremella fuciformis thickener on protein digestion and absorption:

[0073] Aged Balb / c mice were used as experimental animals to observe the effect of thickeners on the protein absorption of mice. Fifteen 18-week-old male Balb / c mice were randomly divided into three groups and fed with three kinds of feeds: ordinary (Con) AIN-93M feed, AIN-93M feed doped with 1% xanthan gum (Xan), and AIN-93M feed doped with 1% Tremella fuciformis-derived thickener (NAP). Among them, NAP was prepared according to the present invention, Xan was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., and AIN-93M feed was purchased from Jiangsu Collaborative Biotechnology Co., Ltd. After AIN-93M feed was crushed, 1% of Xan and NAP were added and mixed, and then re-extruded.

[0074] After 15 days of feeding, the feces and serum of mice were collected. The protein content in the feces of mice was determined by Kjeldahl method to calculate the apparent digestibility of mice; the amino acid content and albumin content in the serum of mice were determined.

[0075] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the apparent digestibility of protein in mice fed with golden ear thickener was 39%, which was significantly higher than that in mice fed with conventional diet (34%), while the apparent digestibility of protein in mice fed with xanthan gum was only half of that in mice fed with golden ear thickener. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the Tremella thickener significantly increased the amino acid and albumin content in the mouse serum. The apparent digestibility of protein in the Tremella thickener mice was higher than that in the control group and the xanthan gum group, and the serum amino acid and albumin content were also higher, which proved that the Tremella thickener can improve the digestion and absorption rate of protein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a Tremella thickener, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) collecting roots of Tremella fuciformis fruiting bodies, drying them, crushing them, and screening them, and adding a solvent at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5 to 1:10 to obtain a Tremella fuciformis raw material liquid; (2) heating the Tremella fuciformis raw material liquid, keeping the temperature, obtaining a material mixed liquid, adjusting the pH value, and performing a reflux reaction; (3) After the reaction is completed, the solvent is removed by filtering, and the system is washed and filtered until there is no chloride ion, and the filter cake is collected; (4) dissolving the filter cake with water at a material-liquid ratio of 1:30 to 1:60 to obtain a raw material liquid, adding a macroporous resin to the raw material liquid for decolorization, and collecting the filtrate to obtain a decolorized Tremella fuciformis thickener raw material liquid; (5) concentrating the Tremella fuciformis thickener raw material liquid to 10% to 25% of the original volume to obtain a concentrated raw material liquid; (6) slowly adding an alcohol organic solvent to the concentrated raw material solution in an amount of 5 to 10 times that of the concentrated raw material solution, and after an insoluble precipitate is precipitated, separating and retaining the precipitate; (7) After the precipitate is dried, it is crushed and sieved to obtain the golden ear thickener.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the solvent is methanol; and the sieving uses a sieve with a mesh size of 80 or more.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the heating temperature is 50-60°C, the insulation time is more than 30 minutes, the pH value is adjusted to be less than 1, and the reflux temperature is 60-80°C.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the solvent used for cleaning the filter cake is 70% to 90% methanol or ethanol.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the macroporous resin used for decolorization is a polystyrene-based macroporous resin, a polyamide macroporous resin, a polyurethane macroporous resin or a polyacrylamide macroporous resin.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the solid-liquid ratio of the macroporous resin to the filtrate is 1:15 to 1:30, and the decolorization is performed for 5 to 8 hours.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (6), the alcohol organic solvent is methanol or ethanol.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (7), the sieving uses a sieve with a mesh size of 100 or more.

9. A Tremella thickener prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The Tremella thickener according to claim 9, characterized in that The polysaccharide content in the Tremella fuciformis thickener is above 90%.

Images