Ballastless track composite anti-vibration pad for track traffic and manufacturing technology

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of track composite anti-vibration pads, and relates to a ballastless track composite anti-vibration pad for track traffic and a preparation method thereof.The ballastless track composite anti-vibration pad structurally comprises a protection layer, a vibration reduction layer and an isolation layer which are sequentially arranged; the vibration reduction layer comprises a vibration reduction area and a filling area which are arranged at an interval; wherein the vibration reduction area corresponds to the steel rail; the surface rigidity of the vibration reduction area is higher than that of the filling area. The anti-vibration pad can greatly reduce the overall rigidity of a track, isolate vibration transmission of track structure vibration to a foundation, enhance the coordinated deformation capacity of the track and the foundation, keep the performance of a high polymer material stable, prolong the service life of a product, reduce the construction cost of the vibration reduction track and increase the maintenance convenience. The preparation method is simple and feasible, easy to replace and suitable for large-scale industrial production, the elastic property can be regionally adjusted according to line operation conditions, different-grade vibration reduction requirements can be met, various types of ballastless tracks can be matched, and the application field has wide prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rail composite vibration damping pads and relates to a ballastless track composite vibration damping pad for rail transportation and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Vibration-damping pads can be used for vibration and noise reduction in railway track structures and even buildings. The existing railway vibration-damping track construction method is to bond the vibration-damping pads to the back of the track plate, or to lay the vibration-damping pads on the base. However, the current vibration-damping pads have some structural deficiencies: the use of a single material and structure in different functional areas reduces material strength, affects the quality stability and durability of the vibration-damping pads, and causes waste of resources. They cannot effectively cope with different types of impact forces and vibrations, and have limited vibration reduction effects. At the same time, due to limitations in materials and production processes, traditional vibration-damping pads are prone to performance degradation during actual use, especially under long-term high-load conditions. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a composite vibration damping pad for ballastless track for rail transit and a preparation method thereof, which can significantly reduce the overall stiffness of the track, reduce the vibration transmission of the track structure vibration to the foundation, enhance the coordinated deformation ability of the track and the foundation, maintain the stability of the polymer material performance and increase the service life of the product, reduce the construction cost of the vibration damping track, and increase the convenience of maintenance and repair. To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A composite vibration-damping pad for ballastless track for rail transit, the structure of which comprises a protective layer, a vibration-damping layer and an isolation layer arranged in sequence; the vibration-damping layer comprises a vibration-damping area and a filling area arranged at intervals; The vibration reduction zone corresponds to the rail; the surface stiffness of the vibration reduction zone is higher than that of the filling zone.

[0004] That is, the vibration reduction zone is located directly below the rail and is used to isolate the vibration energy transmitted from the rail to the lower foundation; the filling zone is used to fill the remaining space under the track plate and is used to isolate the contact between the track plate and the lower foundation during the construction phase.

[0005] As an implementation mode of the present invention, the filling area is arranged between two rails.

[0006] As an embodiment of the present invention, a part of the filling area is arranged between the two rails, and the other part is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the vibration reduction area to fill the remaining vacancies in the vibration reduction layer and isolate the contact between the upper and lower layers of the track structure during construction.

[0007] As an implementation mode of the present invention, the surface stiffness of the filling area is 1 / 3-1 / 10 of that of the vibration reduction area.

[0008] As an embodiment of the present invention, the surface stiffness of the filling area is 1 / 3-1 / 5 of the vibration reduction area; As an embodiment of the present invention, the surface stiffness of the filling area is 1 / 5 of the vibration reduction area; As an implementation mode of the present invention, the surface stiffness of the vibration reduction zone is 10 kPa-100 kPa / mm.

[0009] As an implementation mode of the present invention, the surface stiffness of the vibration reduction zone is 10 kPa-60 kPa / mm.

[0010] As an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the vibration reduction zone is 20-50 mm, the thickness of the filling zone is the same as that of the vibration reduction zone, or the thicknesses of the two form a height difference of 2 mm-10 mm, which can be higher or lower.

[0011] As an embodiment of the present invention, when used in a low-frequency vibration reduction scenario, the surface stiffness of the vibration reduction zone is 10-20 kPa / mm; when used in a high-frequency vibration reduction scenario, the surface stiffness of the vibration reduction zone is 20-100 kPa / mm, preferably 20-60 kPa / mm; when used in a transition scenario (a transition section between vibration reduction and non-vibration reduction) and a non-vibration reduction scenario, the surface stiffness of the vibration reduction zone is 100 kPa / mm-1000 kPa / mm.

[0012] As an embodiment of the present invention, the width of the vibration reduction zone is 300-800 mm, the sum of the width of the filling zone and the vibration reduction zone is equal to the width of the track plate; the length of the vibration reduction zone and the filling zone is consistent with the length of the track plate. When used for urban rail, the width of the vibration reduction zone is 300-500 mm, and when used for high-speed railway, the width is 300-800 mm.

[0013] As an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the vibration reduction area is polyurethane microporous elastomer; the material of the filling area includes but is not limited to foamed polyurethane and foamed polyethylene.

[0014] As an implementation mode of the present invention, the thickness of the protective layer is 1 mm-3 mm; the material of the protective layer includes but is not limited to EVA, PVC, PE, non-woven fabric and polyurethane.

[0015] As an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the isolation layer is 0.5-2 mm; the material of the isolation layer includes but is not limited to EVA, PVC, PE, non-woven fabric and polyurethane.

[0016] As an embodiment of the present invention, the protective layer and the isolation layer are both prepared by prefabrication or spraying.

[0017] The preparation method of the above-mentioned ballastless track composite vibration damping pad for rail transit includes two sets of preparation methods: composite type and combined type; The composite preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1, spraying / laying the isolation layer on the surface of the processing mold; Step 2, the pouring mechanism pours the material used in the vibration reduction zone and the material used in the filling zone into the isolation layer at the same time, and after pouring, they enter the heating oven together; they are heated and cured in the heating oven to form the vibration reduction zone and the filling zone, and the two are combined into an integrated vibration reduction layer; Step 3, spraying / laying a protective layer on the surface of the vibration damping layer to form a composite vibration damping pad; The combined type preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1, same as above; Step 2, prefabricating a strip-shaped vibration-damping area material and a filling area material respectively, connecting the vibration-damping area material and the filling area material, and connecting the isolation layer with the vibration-damping layer, wherein the connection method includes but is not limited to coating glue on the connection interface, bonding them into a vibration-damping layer, and placing them on the isolation layer; Step 3: spraying / laying a protective layer on the surface of the vibration-damping layer to form a composite vibration-damping pad.

[0018] As an embodiment of the present invention, the composite type preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1, spraying / laying the isolation layer on the surface of the processing mold; Step 2: The protective layer is laid flat on the isolation layer at a certain distance from the isolation layer; Step 3, the pouring mechanism pours the materials used in the vibration reduction zone and the materials used in the filling zone into the isolation layer at the same time. After pouring, the materials start to contact the protective layer and enter the heating oven together. They are heated and matured in the heating oven to form the vibration reduction zone and the filling zone. The two are compounded into an integrated vibration reduction layer, and the isolation layer, the protective layer, and the vibration reduction layer 2 are bonded and compounded into an integrated composite vibration reduction pad.

[0019] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are: 1. The composite vibration damping pad for ballastless track provided by the present invention uses materials with different surface stiffness as the vibration damping zone and the filling zone respectively. The two are arranged at intervals as the vibration damping layer. Two surface stiffnesses are crossed. According to the energy transfer characteristics of the track structure to the lower foundation, the bottom surface of the track plate is clearly divided into the vibration damping zone and the filling zone. On the one hand, the surface stiffness of the material in the vibration damping zone is improved. The high surface stiffness has high strength, which improves the durability of the material in the vibration damping zone and can ensure the quality stability of the vibration damping zone to achieve high uniformity of track stiffness. On the other hand, the filling zone ensures the isolation of the track from the offline foundation during the construction phase. The performance of the material used is greatly reduced compared to the vibration damping zone, thereby effectively improving the economy of the vibration damping track. Although the use of single-sided stiffness can adjust the appropriate support effect, the equivalent strength required for a larger supporting area is very low, and durability, product stability, track stiffness uniformity, etc. are difficult to maintain, and the cost is extremely high. Long-term quality retention ability and economic cost have always been the main factors restricting the promotion and application of vibration damping pads.

[0020] The vibration-damping pad can significantly reduce the overall stiffness of the track, isolate the transmission path of the track structure vibration to the foundation, prevent the track interface from cracking, and increase the service life of the product. At the same time, the vibration-damping layer is divided into a vibration-damping area and a filling area according to different functions, saving the amount of vibration-damping pads.

[0021] The surface stiffness of the vibration reduction zone is 10kPa / mm-100kPa / mm, which can meet different vibration reduction needs, and can be made 100kPa / mm-1000kPa / mm to meet the use requirements of transition sections and non-vibration reduction areas.

[0022] 2. In the present invention, the thickness of the vibration damping zone is 20-50mm, the thickness of the filling zone is the same as that of the vibration damping zone, or the thicknesses of the two form a height difference of 2mm-10mm (which can be higher or lower). The height difference between the two facilitates maintaining the stability of the composite vibration damping pad after the track structure is completed and prevents the vibration damping pad from jumping out.

[0023] 3. The present invention adopts an isolation layer, which facilitates demoulding during the manufacturing process and enhances the tear resistance of the vibration damping pad during use; the protective layer is adopted to play a covering and protective role, avoiding extrusion and damage of the vibration damping pad caused by excessive local stress during the manufacturing, transportation and construction processes.

[0024] 4. The protective layer and the isolation layer of the present invention are prefabricated or sprayed, which improves production efficiency and installation convenience, reduces construction difficulty and time cost; during the composite preparation process, multiple structures are combined into one, and an integrated molding structure is adopted, which is convenient for on-site use.

[0025] 5. The preparation method of the present invention is simple and feasible, easy to replace, and suitable for large-scale industrial production. The elastic properties can be adjusted regionally according to the line operation conditions to meet special vibration reduction needs, and can be adapted to double-hole plate ballastless track, and has broad prospects in the application field of special vibration reduction levels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the composite vibration damping pad prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the composite vibration damping pad prepared in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the composite vibration damping pad prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another embodiment of the composite vibration damping pad structure prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another embodiment of the composite vibration damping pad structure prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure in which a protrusion is provided on the isolation layer in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the continuous production equipment of the composite vibration damping pad of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the pouring process of the polyurethane pouring mechanism in the continuous production process of the composite vibration damping pad of the present invention.

[0034] Among them: 1 protective layer, 2 vibration reduction layer, 2-1 vibration reduction area, 2-2 filling area, 3 isolation layer, 3-1 protrusion, 4 release paper; 101 insulating layer coil, 102 protective layer coil, 103 preheating device, 104 polyurethane pouring mechanism, 105 heating drying tunnel, 106 conveying mechanism, 107 cutting device, 108 robot; POL represents a polyol component, ISO represents an isocyanate component, A, B, and C represent different polyol components, and a, b, and c represent different polyisocyanate components, respectively.

[0035] d represents a first gap generated when the filling area is higher than the vibration-damping area, and e represents a second gap generated when the filling area is lower than the vibration-damping area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0037] The surface stiffness described in the present invention is a physical quantity that measures the material's ability to resist deformation. It is the ability of a material to resist unit deformation when subjected to pressure per unit area. The measurement method is as follows: 1. Symbols and definitions A ——Area of ​​material to be measured, mm 2 ; F 1——The minimum load applied to the material being tested; F 2 – the maximum load applied to the material being tested; D 1——The material under test is loaded to F Displacement at 1 o'clock, mm; D 2——The material under test is loaded to F Displacement at 2 o'clock, mm; C STA ——Surface stiffness, MPa / mm.

[0038] 2 Principle A vertical load is applied to the material through a testing machine, and the displacement of the material under the load is measured.

[0039] 3 Equipment 3.1 Testing machine A test machine capable of applying a load of at least 20 kN and with a precision level of 1.

[0040] 3.2 Supporting steel plate and loading steel plate The length and width should be greater than the length and width of the material, and the thickness should not be less than 40mm. The present invention uses a 350mm×350mm×40mm flat steel plate.

[0041] 3.3 Displacement tester A dial indicator or other displacement meter that can measure the vertical displacement of the material being measured with a measurement accuracy of ±0.01mm.

[0042] 3.4 Abrasive cloth Abrasive cloth with a grit of P 120 in accordance with GB / T 9258.1.

[0043] 4 Samples 4.1 Sample size 300mm×300mm×thickness (the sample should be a complete structural unit and the size can be adjusted appropriately if necessary).

[0044] 4.2 Sample quantity 3 yuan.

[0045] 5 Test steps 5.1 Room temperature (23°C) stiffness test The ambient temperature of the test room is 23±2℃.

[0046] Before starting the test, the tested material and all test components and equipment should be placed in an environment of 23±2℃ for at least 24 hours.

[0047] Install the following on the testing machine in sequence: supporting steel plate, emery cloth (with particles facing upward), material to be tested, emery cloth (with particles facing downward), and loading steel plate. Arrange 4 independent displacement sensors at the four corners of the supporting steel plate to measure the vertical displacement of the loading steel plate at equal intervals.

[0048] Set the displacement sensor to zero and then adjust the displacement sensor to 0.01(N / mm 2 ) / s rate. When the load is applied to F After 2, unload and repeat loading twice. Then start recording the third loading. Record the displacement of the loaded steel plate (the average value of the readings of the four displacement testers) and the loading curve. Based on the third loading curve, calculate the material surface stiffness according to formula (1): (1) The arithmetic mean of the three specimens is taken as the material surface stiffness.

[0049] Example 1 1. Composite vibration damping pad structure: like Figure 1 and Figure 3 The figures are respectively a schematic diagram of the structure and a schematic diagram of the cross section of the composite vibration damping pad prepared in Example 1, which comprises a protective layer 1, a vibration damping layer 2 and an isolation layer 3 arranged in sequence; the vibration damping layer 2 comprises a vibration damping area 2-1 and a filling area 2-2 arranged at intervals.

[0050] The vibration reduction zone 2-1 corresponds to the rail, that is, the vibration reduction zone 2-1 is located directly below the rail, and is used to isolate the vibration energy transmitted from the rail to the lower foundation; a portion of the filling zone 2-2 is arranged between the two rails, and the other portion is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the vibration reduction zone 2-1, and is used to fill the remaining vacancies of the vibration reduction layer 2, isolating the contact between the upper and lower layers of the track structure during construction; The surface stiffness of the vibration damping zone 2-1 is higher than that of the filling zone 2-2. The material of the vibration damping zone 2-1 is polyurethane microporous elastomer; the material of the filling zone 2-2 includes but is not limited to foamed polyurethane and foamed polyethylene; in this embodiment, the vibration damping zone 2-1 and the filling zone 2-2 are both formed by foaming and aging polyurethane microporous elastomer material, and the two materials are bonded to each other after foaming and aging, and are firmly bonded to the isolation layer 3 and the protective layer 1 at the same time; in this embodiment, the surface stiffness of the vibration damping zone 2-1 is 12kPa / mm, and the surface stiffness of the filling zone is 4kPa / mm; The thickness of the vibration reduction zone 2-1 is 20-50 mm. The thickness of the filling zone 2-2 in this embodiment is the same as that of the vibration reduction zone 2-1, both of which are 30 mm. The width of the vibration reduction zone 2-1 is 300-800 mm, specifically, Figure 3 In this embodiment, the vibration damping layer 2 is composed of the filling area 2-2, the vibration damping area 2-1, the filling area 2-2, the vibration damping area 2-1, and the filling area 2-2 from left to right, and the widths are 25±10cm, 50±10cm, 100±10cm, 50±10cm, and 25±10cm respectively; the sum of the width of the filling area 2-2 and the vibration damping area 2-1 is equal to the width of the track plate; the lengths of the vibration damping area 2-1 and the filling area 2-2 are consistent with the length of the track plate; the widths of each part of the vibration damping layer 2 in this embodiment are 20cm, 50cm, 110cm, 50cm, and 20cm from left to right respectively.

[0051] The thickness of the protective layer 1 is 1mm-3mm; the material of the protective layer 1 includes but is not limited to EVA, PVC, PE, non-woven fabrics, polyurethane and other materials with certain strength and capable of isolating moisture; the protective layer 1 of this embodiment adopts an EVA waterproof board with a thickness of 1mm; the protective layer 1 is in direct contact with the ground when used, and its main function is to prevent the surface of the buffer pad from being damaged by debris such as stones on the ground, and to play a certain role in preventing moisture from invading, while avoiding local excessive stress during the manufacturing, transportation and construction processes to cause extrusion and damage to the vibration damping pad.

[0052] The thickness of the isolation layer 3 is 0.5-2mm; the material of the isolation layer 3 includes but is not limited to EVA, PVC, PE, non-woven fabric and polyurethane; in this embodiment, the isolation layer 3 uses a non-woven fabric with a thickness of 1mm. The main function of the isolation layer 3 is to isolate the mixing of the two polyurethane materials in the initial foaming stage. In addition, the buffer pad (also known as the vibration isolation pad) needs to be bonded to the bottom of the track plate as a whole during construction. The isolation layer 3 needs to have a rough surface so that it can have better adhesion after applying the adhesive. At the same time, it is easy to demould during the production process, and the tear resistance of the vibration isolation pad is enhanced during use.

[0053] 2. Polyurethane foam material formula Vibration reduction zone (first polyurethane foam material) formula: The mass ratio of POL component to ISO component is 100:72-92; By mass, the polyurethane foam material POL components include: Polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG-2000) 65-80 parts, high-activity polyol (330N) 8-25 parts, 1,4-butanediol (BDO) 6-12 parts, water 0.15-0.35 parts, catalyst (A-33) 0.1-0.15 parts, catalyst di(dodecylsulfide) dibutyltin (Dabco T-120) 0.05-0.1 parts; The polyurethane foam material ISO component is an isocyanate prepolymer with an -NCO mass fraction of 12-15%; the isocyanate prepolymer is a prepolymer prepared from PTMG-2000 and MDI.

[0054] Filling area (second polyurethane foam material) formula: The mass ratio of POL component to ISO component is 100:72-92; By mass, the polyurethane foam material POL components include: Polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG-2000) 50-75 parts, high-activity polyol (330N) 24-50 parts, 1,4-butanediol (BDO) 2-6 parts, water 0.3-0.6 parts, catalyst (A-33) 0.1-0.15 parts, catalyst di(dodecylsulfide) dibutyltin (Dabco T-120) 0.05-0.1 parts; The polyurethane foam material ISO component is an isocyanate prepolymer with an -NCO mass fraction of 12-15%; the isocyanate prepolymer is a prepolymer prepared from PTMG-2000 and MDI.

[0055] The specific surface stiffness can be obtained by adjusting the component dosage.

[0056] 3. The preparation method of the above-mentioned ballastless track composite vibration damping pad for rail transit comprises the following steps: Step 1, laying the isolation layer 3 on the surface of the processing mold; Step 2: the protective layer 1 is laid flat on the isolation layer 3 at a certain distance from the isolation layer 3; Step 3, the pouring mechanism pours the materials used in the vibration reduction zone 2-1 and the materials used in the filling zone 2-2 into the isolation layer 3 at the same time. After pouring, the materials start to contact the protective layer 1 and enter the heating oven together. They are heated and matured in the heating oven to form the vibration reduction zone 2-1 and the filling zone 2-2, which are compounded into an integrated vibration reduction layer 2, and the isolation layer 3, the protective layer 1, and the vibration reduction layer 2 are bonded and compounded into an integrated composite vibration reduction pad.

[0057] Specifically, the preparation method of the composite vibration damping pad in the following embodiment adopts the following method: Figure 7 The device shown includes, from upstream to downstream, an isolation layer coil 101, a protective layer coil 102, a conveying mechanism 106, a preheating device 103 for heating the isolation layer 4, a polyurethane pouring mechanism 104, a heating drying tunnel 105, a cutting device 107 located outside the drying tunnel outlet, and a robot 108.

[0058] The specific preparation method is as follows: The isolation layer 3 formed by unwinding the isolation layer coil 101 is laid flat on the conveying mechanism 106. The isolation layer 3 is first heated by the preheating device 103, and the heating temperature is controlled at 40-50°C.

[0059] The polyurethane pouring mechanism comprises a plurality of pouring gun heads, each of which corresponds to a vibration reduction zone 2 - 1 or a filling zone 2 - 2 . The polyurethane pouring mechanism 104 is located directly above the isolation layer 3 .

[0060] The protective layer 1 formed by unrolling the protective layer coil 102 is laid flat on the isolation layer 3 at a certain distance from the isolation layer 3. After the distance is stabilized, the distance between the protective layer 1 and the isolation layer 3 is 2-5 cm.

[0061] The polyurethane pouring mechanism 104 pours a first polyurethane foam material with high surface stiffness and a second polyurethane foam material with low surface stiffness onto the isolation layer 3 at the same time. Release papers 4 are arranged on both sides of the edge of the isolation layer 3 for isolation. After pouring, the first polyurethane foam material and the second polyurethane foam material contact the protective layer 1 after fermentation, and enter the heating drying tunnel 105 together.

[0062] After being heated by the heating drying tunnel 105, the first polyurethane foam material and the second polyurethane foam material are matured to form the vibration reduction area 2-1 and the filling area 2-2, and the isolation layer 3, the protective layer 1, the vibration reduction area 2-1 and the filling area 2-2 are bonded and composited into a continuous composite polyurethane board. A pressing mechanism is provided in the heating drying tunnel 105, so that the composite polyurethane board is gradually solidified after being pressed, and driven by the pressing mechanism, the composite polyurethane board is continuously advanced at a uniform speed, and at the same time, the isolation layer coil 101 and the protective layer coil 102 are driven to rotate and unfold at a uniform speed.

[0063] After coming out of the heating oven 105, the continuous composite polyurethane board is cut by the cutting device 107 to form the composite vibration damping pad. The length of the composite vibration damping pad after cutting is 6-8m, and after cutting, it is grabbed by the robot 108 and transported to the next process.

[0064] The first polyurethane foam material and the second polyurethane foam material have a rising time of 4-6s, and the rising speed is fast, and can fill the isolation layer 3 and the protective layer 1 before entering the drying tunnel; in the specific implementation, it is necessary to consider the distance between the pouring gun head and the drying tunnel entrance, as well as the forward speed of the conveying mechanism 106, to ensure that the polyurethane just fills the gap between the isolation layer 3 and the protective layer 1 when they enter the drying tunnel; the aging time in the heating drying tunnel 105 is 10-15min. The length of the heating drying tunnel 105 is preferably 60-70m, and the heating temperature in the heating drying tunnel 105 is 65-70℃. If the temperature is too low, the aging is incomplete, affecting the strength. If the temperature is too high, the polyurethane foam material will not be fully filled or the surface will peel off.

[0065] After entering the heating drying tunnel 105 , the protective layer 1 is preheated by the heating drying tunnel 105 . The preheating temperature is 40-50° C. before contacting the urethane foaming material.

[0066] Wherein, as another embodiment of the present invention, Figure 6 As shown, the isolation layer 3 may also be provided with a protrusion 3-1 for isolating the first polyurethane foam material and the second polyurethane foam material at the junction of the vibration damping area 2-1 and the filling area 2-2. The height of the protrusion 3-1 is 2-3 mm. The protrusion 3-1 can isolate the mutual flow of the two raw materials in the initial stage of fermentation. The isolation layer coil will be extruded when entering the unwinding machine, and a protrusion will be formed at the protrusion 3-1. This protrusion is to isolate two different polyurethanes and prevent the two polyurethane raw materials from mixing in the initial stage of fermentation.

[0067] The polyurethane pouring mechanism 104 is a high-pressure pouring mechanism with a pressure of 2-3 MPa. It includes a plurality of first gun tips for pouring the first polyurethane foam material and a second gun tip for pouring the second polyurethane foam material. The first gun tip and the second gun tip are respectively fed with 2-3 POL (polyol component) components and 2-3 ISO (isocyanate) components. The mass ratio of the POL component to the ISO component is 1:0.5-1. The components can be mixed evenly in the high-pressure gun tip, and no solvent is required to clean the gun tip.

[0068] In order to understand how polyurethane with different surface stiffness is poured, please refer to Figure 8 shown.

[0069] A polyurethane can be generated by mixing a POL and an ISO. For example, a component a of a POL and a component A of an ISO can synthesize the corresponding aA polyurethane. Similarly, a component b of a POL and a component B of an ISO can synthesize the corresponding bB component. POL and ISO each reserve a c and C raw material in order to correspond to the need for a third type of polyurethane with surface stiffness, which can be implemented simultaneously.

[0070] The parameters in the preparation method of this embodiment are as follows: The rising time is 5 seconds, and the aging time in the heating drying tunnel 105 is 12 minutes; the length of the heating drying tunnel 105 is 65 meters, and the temperature in the heating drying tunnel 105 is 70°C. The pouring pressure is 3MPa. The isolation layer 3 is preheated before pouring the urethane foaming material, and the preheating temperature is 45°C. The protective layer 1 is preheated before contacting the urethane foaming material, and the preheating temperature is 45°C.

[0071] As another embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the filling area 2-2 of the composite vibration damping pad can form a height difference of 2mm-10mm with the vibration damping area 2-1 (can be higher or lower), and the height difference between the two facilitates the stability of the composite vibration damping pad after the track structure is completed to prevent the vibration damping pad from jumping out; Figure 4 , the filling area is higher than the vibration damping area to produce a first gap d, such as Figure 5 , the filling area is lower than the vibration damping area to produce a second gap e.

[0072] As another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also provides other preparation methods of the above-mentioned ballastless track composite vibration damping pad for rail transit, which can adopt two sets of preparation methods of composite type and combined type; The composite preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1, spraying / laying the isolation layer 3 on the surface of the processing mold; Step 2, the pouring mechanism pours the material used for the vibration reduction zone 2-1 and the material used for the filling zone 2-2 into the isolation layer 3 at the same time, and after pouring, they enter the heating oven together; they are heated and cured in the heating oven to form the vibration reduction zone 2-1 and the filling zone 2-2, which are composited into a vibration reduction layer 2; Step 3, spraying / laying the protective layer 1 on the surface of the vibration damping layer 2, so as to form a composite vibration damping pad; The combined type preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1, same as above; Step 2, respectively prefabricate the material of the vibration damping area 2-1 and the material of the filling area 2-2, connect the material of the vibration damping area 2-1 and the material of the filling area 2-2, connect the vibration damping layer 2 with the isolation layer 3, and the connection method includes but is not limited to coating glue on the connection interface, bonding to form the vibration damping layer 2, and placing it on the isolation layer 3; Step 3: spraying / laying the protective layer 1 on the surface of the vibration-damping layer 2 to form a composite vibration-damping pad.

[0073] Example 2 1. Composite vibration damping pad structure: Same as in Example 1, it comprises a protective layer 1, a vibration-damping layer 2 and an isolation layer 3 arranged in sequence; the vibration-damping layer 2 comprises a vibration-damping area 2-1 and a filling area 2-2 arranged at intervals; The surface stiffness of the vibration reduction area 2-1 is 15 kPa / mm, and the surface stiffness of the filling area is 3 kPa / mm; The thickness of the filling area 2-2 is the same as that of the vibration reduction area 2-1, both of which are 35 mm; The vibration-damping layer 2 is composed of the filling area 2-2, the vibration-damping area 2-1, the filling area 2-2, the vibration-damping area 2-1, and the filling area 2-2 from left to right, with widths of 35 cm, 40 cm, 100 cm, 40 cm, and 35 cm respectively; the sum of the width of the filling area 2-2 and the vibration-damping area 2-1 is equal to the width of the track plate; the lengths of the vibration-damping area 2-1 and the filling area 2-2 are consistent with the length of the track plate; The protective layer 1 is made of EVA waterproof board with a thickness of 2 mm; The isolation layer 3 is made of an EVA waterproof board with a thickness of 2 mm.

[0074] 2. Polyurethane foam material formula Vibration reduction zone (first polyurethane foam material) formula: The mass ratio of POL component to ISO component is 100:82; By mass, the polyurethane foam material POL components include: 70 parts of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG-2000), 23 parts of high-activity polyol (330N), 7 parts of 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 0.3 parts of water, 0.12 parts of catalyst (A-33), 0.08 parts of catalyst di(dodecylsulfide) dibutyltin (Dabco T-120); The polyurethane foam material ISO component is an isocyanate prepolymer with an -NCO mass fraction of 14%; the isocyanate prepolymer is a prepolymer prepared from PTMG-2000 and MDI.

[0075] Filling area (second polyurethane foam material) formula: The mass ratio of POL component to ISO component is 100:72; By mass, the polyurethane foam material POL components include: 56 parts of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG-2000), 42 parts of high-activity polyol (330N), 3 parts of 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 0.55 parts of water, 0.15 parts of catalyst (A-33), 0.05 parts of catalyst di(dodecylsulfide) dibutyltin (Dabco T-120); The polyurethane foam material ISO component is an isocyanate prepolymer with an -NCO mass fraction of 12%; the isocyanate prepolymer is a prepolymer prepared from PTMG-2000 and MDI.

[0076] 3. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, and the parameters are as follows: The rising time is 5 seconds, and the aging time in the heating drying tunnel 105 is 12 minutes; the length of the heating drying tunnel 105 is 65 meters, and the temperature in the heating drying tunnel 105 is 70°C. The pouring pressure is 3MPa. The isolation layer 3 is preheated before pouring the urethane foaming material, and the preheating temperature is 45°C. The protective layer 1 is preheated before contacting the urethane foaming material, and the preheating temperature is 45°C.

[0077] Example 3 1. Composite vibration damping pad structure: like Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure of the composite vibration damping pad prepared in Example 3, which includes a protective layer 1, a vibration damping layer 2 and an isolation layer 3 arranged in sequence; the vibration damping layer 2 includes a vibration damping area 2-1 and a filling area 2-2 arranged at intervals.

[0078] The vibration reduction area 2-1 corresponds to the rail, that is, the vibration reduction area 2-1 is located directly below the rail; the filling area 2-2 is only arranged between the two rails; The surface stiffness of the vibration damping zone 2-1 is higher than that of the filling zone 2-2, and the material of the vibration damping zone 2-1 is polyurethane microporous elastomer; the material of the filling zone 2-2 includes but is not limited to foamed polyurethane and foamed polyethylene; in this embodiment, the vibration damping zone 2-1 and the filling zone 2-2 are both made of polyurethane microporous elastomer material; preferably, the surface stiffness of the filling zone 2-2 is 1 / 3-1 / 10 of that of the vibration damping zone 2-1; specifically, in this embodiment, the surface stiffness of the vibration damping zone 2-1 is 20kPa / mm, and the surface stiffness of the filling zone 2-2 is 2kPa / mm.

[0079] The thickness of the vibration reduction zone 2-1 is 20-50 mm. Specifically, in this embodiment, the thickness of the vibration reduction zone and the filling zone are both 40 mm. The width of the vibration damping zone 2-1 is 300-800mm. Specifically, the vibration damping layer 2 of this embodiment is, from left to right, the vibration damping zone 2-1, the filling zone 2-2, and the vibration damping zone 2-1, with widths of 50±10cm, 150±10cm, and 50±10cm, respectively; the sum of the width of the filling zone 2-2 and the vibration damping zone 2-1 is equal to the width of the track plate; the length of the vibration damping zone 2-1 and the filling zone 2-2 is consistent with the length of the track plate; the width of each part of the vibration damping layer 2 of this embodiment is 50cm, 150cm, and 50cm, respectively, from left to right.

[0080] The vibration reduction area 2-1 is made of polyurethane microporous elastomer; the material of the filling area 2-2 includes but is not limited to foamed polyurethane and foamed polyethylene; in this embodiment, the vibration reduction area 2-1 and the filling area 2-2 are both made of polyurethane microporous elastomer material; The thickness of the protective layer 1 is 1mm-3mm; the material of the protective layer 1 includes but is not limited to EVA, PVC, PE, non-woven fabric and polyurethane; the protective layer 1 of this embodiment adopts an EVA waterproof board with a thickness of 1mm; The thickness of the isolation layer 3 is 0.5-2 mm; the material of the isolation layer 3 includes but is not limited to EVA, PVC, PE, non-woven fabric and polyurethane; in this embodiment, the isolation layer 3 is made of non-woven fabric with a thickness of 1 mm.

[0081] 2. The polyurethane foam material can be selected from commercially available raw materials that meet the surface stiffness requirements, or can be selected from the raw material formula described in Example 1 and obtained by adjusting the amounts of the raw material components in Example 1.

[0082] 3. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, and the parameters are as follows: The rising time is 6 seconds, and the aging time in the heating drying tunnel 105 is 10 minutes; the length of the heating drying tunnel 105 is 70 meters, and the temperature in the heating drying tunnel 105 is 65 degrees Celsius. The pouring pressure is 2 MPa. The isolation layer 3 is preheated before pouring the urethane foaming material, and the preheating temperature is 50 degrees Celsius. The protective layer 1 is preheated before contacting the urethane foaming material, and the preheating temperature is 50 degrees Celsius.

[0083] Example 4 1. Composite vibration damping pad structure: Same as in Example 1, it comprises a protective layer 1, a vibration-damping layer 2 and an isolation layer 3 arranged in sequence; the vibration-damping layer 2 comprises a vibration-damping area 2-1 and a filling area 2-2 arranged at intervals; The surface stiffness of the vibration reduction area 2-1 is 30 kPa / mm, and the surface stiffness of the filling area is 10 kPa / mm; The thickness of the filling area 2-2 is the same as that of the vibration reduction area 2-1, both of which are 30 mm; The vibration-damping layer 2 is composed of the filling area 2-2, the vibration-damping area 2-1, the filling area 2-2, the vibration-damping area 2-1, and the filling area 2-2 from left to right, with widths of 15 cm, 60 cm, 100 cm, 60 cm, and 15 cm respectively; the sum of the width of the filling area 2-2 and the vibration-damping area 2-1 is equal to the width of the track plate; the lengths of the vibration-damping area 2-1 and the filling area 2-2 are consistent with the length of the track plate; The protective layer 1 is made of EVA with a thickness of 1 mm; The isolation layer 3 is made of EVA with a thickness of 1 mm.

[0084] 2. The polyurethane foam material can be selected from commercially available raw materials that meet the surface stiffness requirements, or can be selected from the raw material formula described in Example 1 and obtained by adjusting the amounts of the raw material components in Example 1.

[0085] 3. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, and the parameters are as follows: The rising time is 5 seconds, and the aging time in the heating drying tunnel 105 is 12 minutes; the length of the heating drying tunnel 105 is 65 meters, and the temperature in the heating drying tunnel 105 is 70°C. The pouring pressure is 3MPa. The isolation layer 3 is preheated before pouring the urethane foaming material, and the preheating temperature is 45°C. The protective layer 1 is preheated before contacting the urethane foaming material, and the preheating temperature is 45°C.

[0086] Example 5 1. Composite vibration damping pad structure: Same as in Example 1, it comprises a protective layer 1, a vibration-damping layer 2 and an isolation layer 3 arranged in sequence; the vibration-damping layer 2 comprises a vibration-damping area 2-1 and a filling area 2-2 arranged at intervals; The surface stiffness of the vibration reduction area 2-1 is 40 kPa / mm, and the surface stiffness of the filling area is 8 kPa / mm; The thickness of the filling area 2-2 is the same as that of the vibration reduction area 2-1, both of which are 30 mm; The vibration-damping layer 2 is composed of the filling area 2-2, the vibration-damping area 2-1, the filling area 2-2, the vibration-damping area 2-1, and the filling area 2-2 from left to right, with widths of 25 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, 50 cm, and 25 cm respectively; the sum of the width of the filling area 2-2 and the vibration-damping area 2-1 is equal to the width of the track plate; the lengths of the vibration-damping area 2-1 and the filling area 2-2 are consistent with the length of the track plate; The protective layer 1 is made of EVA with a thickness of 1 mm; The isolation layer 3 is made of EVA with a thickness of 1 mm.

[0087] 2. Polyurethane foam material formula Vibration reduction zone (first polyurethane foam material) formula: The mass ratio of POL component to ISO component is 100:92; By mass, the polyurethane foam material POL components include: 75 parts of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG-2000), 15 parts of high-activity polyol (330N), 10 parts of 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 0.2 parts of water, 0.1 parts of catalyst (A-33), 0.1 parts of catalyst di(dodecylsulfide) dibutyltin (Dabco T-120); The polyurethane foam material ISO component is an isocyanate prepolymer with an -NCO mass fraction of 15%; the isocyanate prepolymer is a prepolymer prepared from PTMG-2000 and MDI.

[0088] Filling area (second polyurethane foam material) formula: The mass ratio of POL component to ISO component is 100:82; By mass, the polyurethane foam material POL components include: 68 parts of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG-2000), 26 parts of high-activity polyol (330N), 6 parts of 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 0.35 parts of water, 0.13 parts of catalyst (A-33), 0.07 parts of catalyst di(dodecylsulfide) dibutyltin (Dabco T-120); The polyurethane foam material ISO component is an isocyanate prepolymer with an -NCO mass fraction of 13%; the isocyanate prepolymer is a prepolymer prepared from PTMG-2000 and MDI.

[0089] 3. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, and the parameters are as follows: The rising time is 5 seconds, and the aging time in the heating drying tunnel 105 is 12 minutes; the length of the heating drying tunnel 105 is 65 meters, and the temperature in the heating drying tunnel 105 is 70°C. The pouring pressure is 3MPa. The isolation layer 3 is preheated before pouring the urethane foaming material, and the preheating temperature is 45°C. The protective layer 1 is preheated before contacting the urethane foaming material, and the preheating temperature is 45°C.

[0090] Example 6 1. Composite vibration damping pad structure: Same as in Example 3, it comprises a protective layer 1, a vibration-damping layer 2 and an isolation layer 3 arranged in sequence; the vibration-damping layer 2 comprises a vibration-damping area 2-1 and a filling area 2-2 arranged at intervals; The surface stiffness of the vibration reduction area 2-1 is 60 kPa / mm, and the surface stiffness of the filling area is 12 kPa / mm; The thickness of the filling area 2-2 is the same as that of the vibration reduction area 2-1, both of which are 30 mm; The vibration-damping layer 2 is composed of the vibration-damping area 2-1, the filling area 2-2, and the vibration-damping area 2-1 from left to right, with widths of 45 cm, 160 cm, and 45 cm respectively; the sum of the width of the filling area 2-2 and the vibration-damping area 2-1 is equal to the width of the track plate; the lengths of the vibration-damping area 2-1 and the filling area 2-2 are consistent with the length of the track plate; The protective layer 1 is made of EVA with a thickness of 1 mm; The isolation layer 3 is made of EVA with a thickness of 1 mm.

[0091] 2. The polyurethane foam material can be selected from commercially available raw materials that meet the surface stiffness requirements, or can be selected from the raw material formula described in Example 1 and obtained by adjusting the amounts of the raw material components in Example 1.

[0092] 3. The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, and the parameters are as follows: The rising time is 5 seconds, and the aging time in the heating drying tunnel 105 is 12 minutes; the length of the heating drying tunnel 105 is 65 meters, and the temperature in the heating drying tunnel 105 is 70°C. The pouring pressure is 3MPa. The isolation layer 3 is preheated before pouring the urethane foaming material, and the preheating temperature is 45°C. The protective layer 1 is preheated before contacting the urethane foaming material, and the preheating temperature is 45°C.

[0093] Comparative Example 1 1. Composite vibration damping pad structure: The same as Example 2, comprising a protective layer 1, a vibration-damping layer 2 and an isolation layer 3 which are arranged in sequence; wherein the vibration-damping layer 2 with a single-sided stiffness (15 kPa / mm) is made of the first polyurethane foam material in Example 2; the vibration-damping layer 2 has a thickness of 35 mm, and its width and length are consistent with the length of the track plate; the protective layer 1 adopts an EVA waterproof board with a thickness of 2 mm; the isolation layer 3 adopts an EVA waterproof board with a thickness of 2 mm.

[0094] 2. The preparation method is as follows: Step 1, laying the isolation layer 3 on the surface of the processing mold; Step 2: the protective layer 1 is laid flat on the isolation layer 3 at a certain distance from the isolation layer 3; Step 3, the pouring mechanism pours the first polyurethane foam material onto the isolation layer 3, and after pouring, the material foams and contacts the protective layer 1, enters the heating oven, is heated by the heating oven, and matures to form the vibration reduction layer 2, and the isolation layer 3, the protective layer 1, and the vibration reduction layer 2 are bonded and compounded into an integrated polyurethane cushion; The specific preparation parameters are the same as in Example 2.

[0095] Comparative Example 2 1. Composite vibration damping pad structure: Same as Example 2, including a protective layer 1, a vibration reduction layer 2 and an isolation layer 3 arranged in sequence; the only difference is that the surface stiffness of the vibration reduction area 2-1 is 15 kPa / mm, and the surface stiffness of the filling area is 8 kPa / mm; the thickness of the filling area 2-2 is the same as that of the vibration reduction area 2-1, both of which are 35 mm; The vibration-damping layer 2 is composed of the filling area 2-2, the vibration-damping area 2-1, the filling area 2-2, the vibration-damping area 2-1, and the filling area 2-2 from left to right, with widths of 35 cm, 40 cm, 100 cm, 40 cm, and 35 cm respectively; the sum of the width of the filling area 2-2 and the vibration-damping area 2-1 is equal to the width of the track plate; the lengths of the vibration-damping area 2-1 and the filling area 2-2 are consistent with the length of the track plate; The protective layer 1 is made of EVA waterproof board with a thickness of 2 mm; The isolation layer 3 is made of an EVA waterproof board with a thickness of 2 mm.

[0096] 2. The preparation method and parameters are the same as those in Example 2.

[0097] Comparative Example 3 1. Composite vibration damping pad structure: The same as Example 5, including a protective layer 1, a vibration-damping layer 2 and an isolation layer 3 arranged in sequence; the single-sided stiffness (40 kPa / mm) vibration-damping layer 2 is made of the first polyurethane foam material in Example 5; the thickness of the vibration-damping layer 2 is 30 mm, and the width and length are consistent with the length of the track plate; the protective layer 1 adopts EVA with a thickness of 1 mm; the isolation layer 3 adopts EVA with a thickness of 1 mm.

[0098] 2. The preparation method is as follows: Step 1, laying the isolation layer 3 on the surface of the processing mold; Step 2: the protective layer 1 is laid flat on the isolation layer 3 at a certain distance from the isolation layer 3; Step 3, the pouring mechanism pours the first polyurethane foam material onto the isolation layer 3, and after pouring, the material foams and contacts the protective layer 1, enters the heating oven, is heated by the heating oven, and matures to form the vibration reduction layer 2, and the isolation layer 3, the protective layer 1, and the vibration reduction layer 2 are bonded and compounded into an integrated polyurethane cushion; The specific preparation parameters are the same as those in Example 5.

[0099] Comparative Example 4 1. Composite vibration damping pad structure: Same as Example 5, including a protective layer 1, a vibration reduction layer 2 and an isolation layer 3 arranged in sequence; the only difference is that the surface stiffness of the vibration reduction area 2-1 is 40 kPa / mm, and the surface stiffness of the filling area is 22 kPa / mm; the thickness of the filling area 2-2 is the same as that of the vibration reduction area 2-1, both of which are 30 mm; The vibration-damping layer 2 is composed of the filling area 2-2, the vibration-damping area 2-1, the filling area 2-2, the vibration-damping area 2-1, and the filling area 2-2 from left to right, with widths of 25 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm, 50 cm, and 25 cm respectively; the sum of the width of the filling area 2-2 and the vibration-damping area 2-1 is equal to the width of the track plate; the lengths of the vibration-damping area 2-1 and the filling area 2-2 are consistent with the length of the track plate; The protective layer 1 is made of EVA with a thickness of 1 mm; The isolation layer 3 is made of EVA with a thickness of 1 mm.

[0100] 2. The preparation method and parameters are the same as those in Example 5.

[0101] Performance test The polyurethane foam materials used in the above-mentioned Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to a tensile strength test, and the composite vibration damping pad products formed in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to a mechanical property loss factor test. The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0102] The test methods in Table 1 are as follows: 1. Tensile strength The tensile strength is obtained according to GB / T 10654 tensile strength of polymer porous elastic materials.

[0103] 2. Mechanical properties loss factor Embodiment 1-3, comparative example 1-2: Sample preparation: Place a sample with a length and width of 35cm*35cm on a universal testing machine, with flat steel plates of the same length and width and a thickness of 40mm above and below the sample.

[0104] At room temperature, an automatic loading-unloading test was carried out on an electronic universal testing machine. The test was unloaded when the maximum displacement was 5 mm, and the loading and unloading rates were both 2 mm / min. The preload-unloading cycle was repeated twice, and the third test result was taken as the load-displacement curve under loading-unloading. The difference between the loading area and the unloading area divided by the loading area is the mechanical property loss factor, where the loading area refers to the area formed by the loading curve and the horizontal coordinate (a vertical line is drawn from the maximum value point of the curve to the horizontal coordinate, and the area of ​​the area enclosed by the vertical line, the horizontal coordinate, and the curve), and the unloading area refers to the area formed by the unloading curve and the horizontal coordinate. The higher the mechanical property loss factor, the better the vibration reduction performance.

[0105] Embodiment 4-6, comparative example 3-4: Sample preparation: Place a sample with a length and width of 35cm*35cm on a universal testing machine, with flat steel plates of the same length and width and a thickness of 40mm above and below the sample.

[0106] At room temperature, an automatic loading-unloading test was carried out on an electronic universal testing machine. The load was unloaded when the maximum displacement was 3.5 mm, and the loading and unloading rates were both 3 mm / min. The preload-unloading cycle was repeated twice, and the third test result was taken as the load-displacement curve under loading-unloading. The difference between the loading area and the unloading area is the mechanical property loss factor, where the loading area refers to the area formed by the loading curve and the horizontal axis, and the unloading area refers to the area formed by the unloading curve and the horizontal axis. The higher the mechanical property loss factor, the better the vibration reduction performance.

[0107] Table 1 Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art may still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite vibration damping pad for ballastless track for rail transit, characterized in that: Its structure includes a protective layer, a vibration reduction layer and an isolation layer arranged in sequence; the vibration reduction layer includes a vibration reduction area and a filling area arranged at intervals; The vibration reduction zone corresponds to the rail; the surface stiffness of the vibration reduction zone is higher than that of the filling zone.

2. The composite vibration damping pad for ballastless track for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface stiffness of the filling area is 1 / 3-1 / 10 of that of the vibration reduction area.

3. The composite vibration damping pad for ballastless track for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface stiffness of the filling area is 1 / 3-1 / 5 of that of the vibration reduction area; the surface stiffness of the vibration reduction area is 10-100 kPa / mm.

4. The composite vibration damping pad for ballastless track for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the vibration reduction zone is 20-50 mm, the thickness of the filling zone is the same as that of the vibration reduction zone, or the thicknesses of the two form a height difference of 2 mm-10 mm.

5. The composite vibration damping pad for ballastless track for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the vibration reduction zone is 300-800 mm, the sum of the width of the filling zone and the vibration reduction zone is equal to the width of the track plate; the length of the vibration reduction zone and the filling zone is consistent with the length of the track plate.

6. The composite vibration damping pad for ballastless track for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the vibration reduction area is polyurethane microporous elastomer; the material of the filling area includes but is not limited to polyurethane microporous elastomer and foamed polyethylene.

7. The composite vibration damping pad for ballastless track for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the protective layer is 1mm-3mm, and the width and length are consistent with the track plate; the material of the protective layer includes but is not limited to EVA, PVC, PE, non-woven fabric and polyurethane; the thickness of the isolation layer is 0.5-2mm, and the width and length are consistent with the track plate; the material of the isolation layer includes but is not limited to EVA, PVC, PE, non-woven fabric and polyurethane.

8. The composite vibration damping pad for ballastless track for rail transit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective layer and the isolation layer are prepared by prefabrication or spraying.

9. A method for preparing a composite vibration damping pad for ballastless track for rail transit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It includes two sets of preparation methods: composite type and combined type; The composite preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1, spraying / laying the isolation layer on the surface of the processing mold; Step 2, the pouring mechanism pours the material used in the vibration reduction zone and the material used in the filling zone into the isolation layer at the same time, and after pouring, they enter the heating oven together; they are heated and cured in the heating oven to form the vibration reduction zone and the filling zone, and the two are combined into an integrated vibration reduction layer; Step 3, spraying / laying a protective layer on the surface of the vibration damping layer to form a composite vibration damping pad; The combined type preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1, same as above; Step 2, prefabricating a strip-shaped vibration reduction area material and a filling area material respectively, connecting the vibration reduction area material and the filling area material, and connecting the isolation layer and the vibration reduction layer, and the connection method includes but is not limited to coating glue on the connection interface; Step 3, spraying / laying a protective layer on the surface of the vibration damping layer, connecting the vibration damping layer and the protective layer, and the connection method includes but is not limited to coating glue on the connection interface, so as to form a composite vibration damping pad.

10. The method for preparing a composite vibration damping pad for ballastless track for rail transit according to claim 9, characterized in that: The composite preparation method comprises the following steps: Step 1, spraying / laying the isolation layer on the surface of the processing mold; Step 2: The protective layer is laid flat on the isolation layer at a certain distance from the isolation layer; Step 3, the pouring mechanism pours the materials used in the vibration reduction zone and the materials used in the filling zone into the isolation layer at the same time. After pouring, the materials start to contact the protective layer and enter the heating oven together. They are heated and matured in the heating oven to form the vibration reduction zone and the filling zone. The two are compounded into an integrated vibration reduction filling layer, and the isolation layer, the protective layer, and the vibration reduction filling layer are bonded and compounded into an integrated composite vibration reduction pad.

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