Fruit tree cultivation method capable of changing lateral branches into multiple trunk shapes

Abstract

The invention relates to a fruit tree cultivation method capable of changing side branches into a multi-trunk shape, which has the core technology that a large number of buds are germinated on transverse auxiliary main branches and side branches by utilizing the apical dominance of the fruit tree and the characteristic that hidden buds germinate in the presence of light, the branches are thick and strong, and the leaves are large and thick, so that tree vigor rejuvenation and high quality and high yield of fruits are realized. According to the method, by means of a branch pulling method and a thinning method, the distance between the tail ends of side branches of shrub fruit trees and the ground is 60-70 cm, the distance between the tail ends of side branches of arbor fruit trees and the ground is 80-120 cm, and the opening angle between the tail ends and the ground is 0-30 degrees, so that a layer of framework is formed; 3-4 grades of branchlets are germinated to bear fruits. According to the method, a brand-new shaping and pruning cultivation method is adopted, after special cultivation management for 3-5 years, a single-layer crown of a shrub fruit tree with the height of 0.8-1.5 m and a single-layer crown of an arbor fruit tree with the height of 1.7-2.8 m are kept for the whole tree, the diameter of the crowns is 0.5-1 time larger than that of a traditional cultivation method, high-yield crowns are rapidly formed, and early fruiting, high yield, high quality and high yield are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a fruit tree cultivation method, in particular to a fruit tree cultivation method with side branches becoming multiple main trunks. Background Art

[0002] The most common types of fruit tree shaping and pruning include main trunk, three main branches round head, natural semicircle, natural open heart, multiple trunks, multiple main branches radial, etc. The secondary main branches grow step by step on the main branches, the crown expands slowly, and the mature trees are generally taller, with a thin effective leaf canopy, and the orchard is prone to clogging and breeding diseases and insect pests; and when the fruit trees are in high yield, the overlapping of fruits affects the coloring of the fruits. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating fruit trees with side branches turned into multiple main trunks, which mainly forms a high-yield crown by pulling branches and thinning out the branches, resulting in larger fruits and a higher rate of high-quality fruits.

[0004] The technical solution to the above technical problem is: a method for cultivating fruit trees with side branches becoming multiple main trunks, including a cultivation method for young trees and a cultivation method for adult trees. The secondary main branches and the main branches are collectively called side trunks or backbone branches.

[0005] The cultivation method of the young trees is as follows: retain 2 to 6 backbone branches, cultivate the crown for 1 to 2 years, allow the branches to grow, and pinch the branches that exceed 30 cm; pull the secondary main branches before the fruit trees sprout in late January to early April of the second or third year, and the branch pulling requirements are: the tail of the branch of the shrub fruit tree is 60 to 70 cm away from the ground, and the tail of the branch of the tree fruit tree is 80 to 120 cm away from the ground, and the opening angle between the branch and the ground is 0 to 30 degrees, and the smaller the angle, the better; after entering the high-yielding age of 5 years, each tree retains 2 to 6 backbone branches that grow nearly horizontally, and the branches growing on the secondary main branches are cut off by the method of removing the strong and retaining the weak, and the upright branches and vigorous branches with a diameter of more than 2 cm are cultivated. The crown is maintained by annual pruning to maintain 1 to 4 level twigs sprouting on the backbone branches, and the shrub fruit trees maintain an effective crown leaf curtain layer of 0.8 to 1.2 meters; the tree fruit trees maintain an effective crown leaf curtain layer of 1.2 to 1.8 meters.

[0006] The cultivation method of the adult tree is as follows: 2 to 6 evenly distributed main branches are selected, the tail of the branches of the shrub fruit trees is 60 to 70 cm away from the ground, the tail of the branches of the tree fruit trees is 80 to 120 cm away from the ground, the opening angle with the ground is 0 to 30 degrees, the smaller the angle, the better; if the branches are too high from the ground or the opening angle is too large, the branch pulling method is used to keep the opening angle with the ground at 0 to 30 degrees, all redundant or super-high secondary main branches are sawed off, and the upright branches and vigorous growing branches with a diameter of more than 2 cm are cut off to cultivate the crown; through annual pruning, 1 to 4 level twigs are maintained to sprout on the main branches, the shrub fruit trees maintain an effective crown leaf curtain layer of 0.8 to 1.2 meters, and the tree fruit trees maintain an effective crown leaf curtain layer of 1.2 to 1.8 meters.

[0007] Furthermore, in the cultivation method of young trees, the cultivated adult tree crowns are 3 to 4 meters wide for shrubs and 1.5 to 2 meters high for trees; 5 to 6 meters wide for trees and 2.5 to 4 meters high for trees; the main branches and secondary branches form the crown in the same plane as much as possible, and only the last 3 to 4 level branches are retained on the side trunks to bear fruit.

[0008] Furthermore, in the method for cultivating young trees, the shape of the cultivated adult trees is close to a "T" or "Y" shape.

[0009] Furthermore, in the cultivation method of adult trees, in order to maintain a certain yield, a crown of 1 to 3 layers of branches can be temporarily retained in the first year; it takes 2 to 3 years to complete the shaping and pruning of excess secondary main branches, and finally the first layer of side branches below to be retained become the branches growing on the main trunk. By removing the strong and keeping the weak, the upright branches and vigorous growing branches with a diameter of more than 2 cm are cut off to cultivate the crown.

[0010] Furthermore, in the cultivation method of adult trees, the crown width of the adult shrubs after shaping and pruning is 3 to 4 meters, the tree height is 1.5 to 2 meters, the crown width of the tree is 5 to 6 meters, the tree height is 2.5 to 4 meters, the main branches and secondary branches form the crown in the same plane layer as much as possible, and only the last 3 to 4 level branches are retained on the side trunks to bear fruit.

[0011] Furthermore, in the method for cultivating adult trees, the shape of the cultivated adult trees is close to a "T" or "Y" shape.

[0012] The core technology of the present invention is: utilizing the apical dominance of fruit trees and the characteristics of latent buds germinating in the light, a large number of buds sprout on the horizontal secondary branches and side branches, the branches are thick and the leaves are large and thick, thereby achieving tree rejuvenation and high-quality and high-yield fruit.

[0013] The present invention uses two methods, namely, pulling branches and thinning, to cultivate the side branches of shrub fruit trees to be 60 to 70 cm from the ground, and the side branches of tree fruit trees to be 80 to 120 cm from the ground, with an opening angle of 0 to 30 degrees with the ground to form a layer of skeleton; 3 to 4 level twigs are germinated to bear fruit. The present invention adopts a brand-new shaping and pruning cultivation method. After 3 to 5 years of special cultivation and management, the whole tree maintains a single-layer crown leaf curtain layer height of 0.8 to 1.5 meters for shrub fruit trees and a single-layer crown leaf curtain layer height of 1.2 to 2.0 meters for tree fruit trees. The crown diameter is 0.5 to 1 times larger than that of the traditional cultivation method, and a high-yield crown is quickly formed to achieve early fruiting, high yield, high quality and high yield.

[0014] The invention is applicable to most fruit trees, and is particularly applicable to kumquat (kumquat) and other small-fruited fruit trees.

[0015] The technical features of a method for cultivating fruit trees with side branches becoming multiple trunks according to the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram (front view) of the trunk and branches of a kumquat fruit tree after cultivation according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the tree shape of an adult kumquat tree after being cultivated using the method of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tree shape after kumquat is cultivated using the existing natural semicircular cultivation method.

[0019] Figure 4 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the tree shape of young kumquat trees after being cultivated using the method of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 There are 4 backbone branches shown in Figure 1 In the middle, 1 represents the first-level branch, 2 represents the second-level branch, 3 represents the third-level branch, and 4 represents the fourth-level branch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Embodiment 1:

[0021] A method for cultivating fruit trees with side branches becoming multiple main trunks includes a method for cultivating young trees and a method for cultivating mature trees. In the present invention, the secondary main branches and the main branches are collectively referred to as side trunks or backbone branches.

[0022] (1) Young trees. Keep 2 to 6 main branches, cultivate the crown for 1 to 2 years, allow the branches to grow, and pinch the branches over 30 cm. According to the size of the crown, when the side trunk is more than 1.2 meters long, pull the secondary main branches before the fruit trees sprout in late January to early April in the second or third year. Generally, it takes 3 to 5 months to shape the branches. After shaping, the branches can be removed or continued. Branch pulling requirements: The tail of the branches of shrub fruit trees is 60 to 70 cm from the ground, and the tail of the branches of tree fruit trees is 80 to 120 cm from the ground. The opening angle α with the ground is 0 to 30 degrees. The smaller the angle, the better. The key point of the present invention is to utilize the characteristics of latent buds sprouting in the light, sprout a large number of buds on the horizontally pulled branches, and the branches are thick, so as to quickly form a full and thick crown. After reaching the high-yield age of 5 years, each tree retains 2 to 6 sub-main branches (side branches) that grow nearly horizontally as the main trunk (i.e., backbone branches). The branches growing on the sub-main branches are cut off by the method of removing the strong and retaining the weak, and the upright branches and vigorous branches with a diameter of more than 2 cm are cultivated to cultivate the crown. Because the tree body only retains the first-level side branches, i.e., the sub-main branches, as the main trunk to cultivate the crown, the effective leaf curtain layer of shrub fruit trees can reach 0.8 to 1.2 meters, and the effective leaf curtain layer of tree fruit trees can reach 1.2 to 1.8 meters, with good light transmission and few diseases and insect pests. The crown width of mature shrub fruit trees is 3 to 4 meters, the tree height is 1.5 to 2 meters, the crown width of trees is 5 to 6 meters, and the tree height is 2.5 to 4 meters. The main branches and sub-main branches try to form the crown in the same plane layer, and only the last 3 to 4 level branches are retained on the side trunk to bear fruit. Through annual pruning, we maintain 1-4 level branches sprouting on the trunk, keep the effective leaf curtain layer of the crown shrub fruit trees 0.8-1.2 meters, and the effective leaf curtain layer of the crown of tree fruit trees 1.2-1.8 meters; the branches are strong and bear large fruits. The tree shape is close to "T" or "Y" shape with a V-shaped upper part and an opening angle close to 180 degrees.

[0023] (2) Mature trees. Select 2 to 6 main branches that are evenly distributed. The tail of the branches of shrub fruit trees should be 60 to 70 cm above the ground, and the tail of the branches of arbor fruit trees should be 80 to 120 cm above the ground. The angle between the branches and the ground should be 0 to 30 degrees. The smaller the angle, the better. If the secondary branches are too high from the ground or the angle is too large, use the method of pulling branches to keep the angle between the secondary branches and the ground at 0 to 30 degrees. Cut off all redundant or super-high secondary branches. Take advantage of the characteristics of fruit trees that latent buds germinate when exposed to light, sprout a large number of buds on the horizontal branches, grow strong branches, and quickly form a full and thick crown. In order to maintain a certain yield, the crown of 1 to 3 layers of branches can be temporarily retained in the first year; it is planned to complete the shaping and pruning work in 2 to 3 years. Finally, the first layer of side branches (secondary branches) below the main trunk to be retained will be replaced by branches growing on the main trunk. By removing the strong and retaining the weak, the upright branches with a diameter of more than 2 cm and the vigorous branches are cut off to cultivate the crown. After shaping and pruning, the crown width of mature shrub fruit trees is 3-4 meters, the tree height is 1.5-2 meters, the crown width of arbor fruit trees is 5-6 meters, the tree height is 2.5-4 meters, the main branches and secondary branches form the crown as much as possible in the same plane layer, and only the last 3-4 level branches are retained on the side trunks to bear fruit. Through annual pruning, the 1-4 level branches are maintained on the main trunk, and the effective leaf curtain layer of the crown of shrub fruit trees is maintained at 0.8-1.2 meters, and the effective leaf curtain layer of the crown of arbor fruit trees is 1.2-1.8 meters; the branches are strong and bear large fruits. The tree shape is close to "T" or the upper V-shaped opening angle is close to 180 degrees "Y" shape.

[0024] Adult trees require a small amount of branch pulling, and most branches that do not meet the requirements are usually directly sawed off. Only when there is a lack of branches in a certain direction can the higher branches be pulled down to fill the gap. The time for pulling branches for adult trees is the same as that for young trees, generally from late January to early April in spring. The specific time depends on the budding time of the implemented variety, and the branch pulling work is completed before budding. If the fruits on the adult tree have not been picked, it is necessary to wait until the fruits are picked before pruning and pulling branches.

[0025] Tree comparison between the present invention and the traditional management method: ① Number of branches: Traditional management method, 4 to 7 layers. The cultivation method of the present invention, 1 layer.

[0026] ② Canopy leaf curtain layer: In traditional management methods, the canopy height of shrub fruit trees is 2-3 meters, the effective leaf curtain layer is 0.4-0.7 meters, and the canopy height of arbor fruit trees is 4-7 meters, and the effective leaf curtain layer is 0.6-1.0 meters. In the cultivation method of the present invention, the canopy height of shrub fruit trees is 0.8-1.5 meters, and the effective leaf curtain layer is 0.8-1.2 meters. The canopy height of arbor trees is 1.7-2.8 meters, and the effective leaf curtain layer is 1.2-1.8 meters.

[0027] Most fruit farmers cut the bottom leaf curtain about 0.5 meters above the ground to facilitate production management. 0.5 meters above the ground + leaf curtain layer = tree height.

[0028] Comparison of the advantages of the present invention and the traditional management method (taking kumquat as an example): ① Length of terminal shoot: 6 to 15 cm in traditional management method, 10 to 25 cm in cultivation method of the present invention.

[0029] ② Leaf width: 2.5-3.5 cm for traditional management methods. 3-4 cm for the cultivation method of the present invention (specific leaf parameters of specific varieties: medium-sized leaves of smooth kumquat are 7.5 cm long and 3.5 cm wide. Medium-sized leaves of crisp honey kumquat are 8 cm long and 4 cm wide).

[0030] ③ High-quality fruit rate: With the traditional management method, the proportion of medium-sized fruits and above is 61%. With the cultivation method of the present invention, the proportion of medium-sized fruits and above is more than 82%.

[0031] Test Example 1 This experiment was conducted in the orchard of Fule Village, Dajiang Town, Rong'an County from 2021 to 2022. Six smooth-skinned kumquat trees were investigated, of which three trees were cultivated using the method of Example 1 of the present invention (four main branches were retained during the cultivation process), and the other three trees were managed using the traditional natural semicircle. The single fruit size, average single fruit weight and yield were investigated, and the average values ​​were taken, as shown in Table 1 below.

[0032]

[0033] According to the national standard GBT33470-2016, the grading of fresh kumquats is based on the weight of each fruit, with special fruits weighing 20 to 25 grams, large fruits weighing 17 to 20 grams, and medium fruits weighing 14 to 17 grams.

[0034] It can be seen from the above table that the fruit trees cultivated by the method of the present invention have large fruits, and the rate of high-quality fruits is significantly higher than that of fruit trees cultivated by the existing method. In 2022, due to the continuous high temperature and drought, the yield and high-quality fruit rate decreased compared with the previous year. However, compared with the fruit trees cultivated by the existing method that year, the single-plant yield of the present invention is not much different from that of the traditional cultivation method, but the single fruit weight and the difference in medium, large and special fruits are obvious, and the economic benefits are significantly higher than those of the control group.

[0035] In the present invention, the height of the shrub is 1 to 5 meters, and the height of the tree is 6 to 10 meters. Taking the cultivation technology principle of the tree as an example, Shatian pomelo has the habit of hanging fruits on the inner branches, and the quality is excellent. After dwarfing, the inferior fruits with rough skin, thick skin, and unrefined pulp hanging on the middle upright branches are removed. The proportion of high-quality fruits is increased, and the dwarfing of the tree shape facilitates agricultural operations such as spraying, pruning, pollination, and picking.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating fruit trees with side branches becoming multiple trunks, including a method for cultivating young trees and a method for cultivating mature trees, characterized in that: The secondary branches and the main branches are together called lateral branches or backbone branches; The cultivation method of the young tree is as follows: retain 2 to 6 backbone branches, cultivate the crown for 1 to 2 years, allow the branches to grow, and pinch the branches over 30 cm; pull the secondary main branches before the fruit trees sprout in late January to early April of the second or third year, and the branch pulling requirements are: the tail of the branch of the shrub fruit tree is 60 to 70 cm away from the ground, the tail of the branch of the tree fruit tree is 80 to 120 cm away from the ground, and the angle between the branch and the ground is 0 to 30 degrees, the smaller the angle, the better; after entering the high-yield tree age of 5 years, each tree retains 2 to 6 backbone branches that grow nearly horizontally, and the branches growing on the secondary main branches are cut off by the method of removing the strong and retaining the weak, and the upright branches and vigorous branches with a diameter of more than 2 cm are cultivated. The crown is maintained by annual pruning to maintain the sprouting of 1 to 4 grade twigs on the backbone branches, and the shrub fruit trees maintain an effective crown leaf curtain layer of 0.8 to 1.2 meters; the tree tree maintains an effective crown leaf curtain layer of 1.2 to 1.8 meters; The cultivation method of the adult tree is as follows: 2 to 6 evenly distributed main branches are selected, the tail of the branches of the shrub fruit trees is 60 to 70 cm away from the ground, the tail of the branches of the tree fruit trees is 80 to 120 cm away from the ground, the opening angle with the ground is 0 to 30 degrees, the smaller the angle, the better; if the branches are too high from the ground or the opening angle is too large, the branch pulling method is used to keep the opening angle with the ground at 0 to 30 degrees, all redundant or super-high secondary main branches are sawed off, and the upright branches and vigorous growing branches with a diameter of more than 2 cm are cut off to cultivate the crown; through annual pruning, 1 to 4 level twigs are maintained to sprout on the main branches, the shrub fruit trees maintain an effective crown leaf curtain layer of 0.8 to 1.2 meters, and the tree fruit trees maintain an effective crown leaf curtain layer of 1.2 to 1.8 meters.

2. The method for cultivating fruit trees with multiple side branches and multiple trunks according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the method for cultivating young trees, the cultivated adult tree crowns are 3 to 4 meters wide for shrubs and 1.5 to 2 meters high for trees; 5 to 6 meters wide for trees and 2.5 to 4 meters high for trees; the main branches and secondary branches form the crowns on the same plane as much as possible, and only the last 3 to 4 level branches are retained on the side trunks to bear fruit.

3. The method for cultivating fruit trees with multiple side branches and multiple trunks according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the method for cultivating young trees, the shape of the cultivated adult trees is close to a "T" or "Y" shape.

4. The method for cultivating fruit trees with multiple side branches and multiple trunks according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the cultivation method of adult trees, in order to maintain a certain yield, a crown of 1 to 3 layers of branches can be temporarily retained in the first year; it takes 2 to 3 years to complete the shaping and pruning of excess secondary main branches, and finally the first layer of side branches below to be retained become the branches growing on the main trunk. By removing the strong and keeping the weak, the upright branches with a diameter of more than 2 cm and the vigorous growing branches are cut off to cultivate the crown.

5. A method for cultivating fruit trees with multiple side branches and multiple main trunks according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: In the cultivation method of adult trees, the crown width of the adult shrubs after shaping and pruning is 3 to 4 meters, the tree height is 1.5 to 2 meters, the crown width of the tree is 5 to 6 meters, the tree height is 2.5 to 4 meters, the main branches and secondary branches form the crown in the same plane layer as much as possible, and only the last 3 to 4 level branches are retained on the side trunks to bear fruit.

6. The method for cultivating fruit trees with multiple side branches and multiple main trunks according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the method for cultivating adult trees, the shape of the cultivated adult trees is close to a "T" or "Y" shape.

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