Rapid hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization rate and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a rapid hydrogenation system with a high hydrogen utilization rate and a working method thereof. The system comprises parallel multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle groups arranged at a station end, each stage of hydrogen storage bottle group is connected with a first switch valve and a second switch valve, each first switch valve is directly connected with a pressure reducing valve, and each second switch valve is connected with the pressure reducing valve after passing through a compressor; the other end of the pressure reducing valve is connected with a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle set at the vehicle-mounted end through a heat exchanger, and in addition, the heat exchanger is connected with a cooling module. According to the working method of the system, the multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle set and the compressor are used for achieving graded and standby direct hydrogen filling, and a booster pump and double cooling liquid boxes in the cooling module can be used for precooling work. Compared with the prior art, the hydrogen utilization rate can be improved while the hydrogenation rate can be guaranteed, and rapid precooling of large-flow hydrogen in the rapid hydrogenation process can be further guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rapid hydrogenation, and in particular to a rapid hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization rate and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a clean and efficient secondary energy source, hydrogen energy is of great significance for building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. In the railway transportation industry, although electric trains have largely reduced the environmental problems caused by fuel power, the pollution caused by thermal power generation and the electromagnetic pollution caused by electric trains cannot be ignored. Therefore, hydrogen trains have become an important direction for the development of rail vehicles. As a hydrogen energy supply facility, hydrogen refueling stations are a very important part of the hydrogen energy industry. Skid-mounted hydrogen refueling stations have the advantages of flexibility, large service radius, and wide coverage. They are easier to meet train operation requirements, so they are more suitable for hydrogen train application scenarios. For example, in 2018, Alstom of France built a mobile hydrogen refueling station to provide temporary hydrogen refueling services for the testing of the Coradia iLint train; in 2023, the German Railway Company provided mobile fast refueling equipment for the Mireo PlusH hydrogen train, which can complete 180kg of hydrogen refueling within 15 minutes.

[0003] Domestic existing technologies have comprehensively studied the rapid hydrogenation strategy of fuel cell vehicles, but there is little research on train hydrogenation stations. According to different formations and usage scenarios, the on-board hydrogen storage mass of hydrogen trains is generally 180 to 500 kg, which is nearly 3 to 10 times that of heavy-duty vehicles. During the hydrogenation process, high-pressure hydrogen is driven by the pressure difference between the station and on-board hydrogen storage systems. The station hydrogen storage pressure will gradually decrease with the transfer of hydrogen mass, and the filling will stop when it is lower than the on-board hydrogen storage pressure. Therefore, the greater the filling mass required, the higher the quality requirement for station hydrogen storage. In order to meet the hydrogenation demand, the volume of high-pressure hydrogen provided by the station hydrogen storage system will increase dramatically, resulting in a significant increase in the number of required hydrogen storage bottles and costs; at the same time, the larger volume of hydrogen storage bottle groups is not conducive to the integrated layout of hydrogenation components in a limited enclosed space, thereby increasing the design difficulty of skid-mounted hydrogenation stations. At the same time, due to the sharp increase in pre-cooling power caused by the significant increase in the filling flow, the cooling capacity of the refrigerator is required to be higher, which greatly increases the cost; and the refrigeration cycle response time is long, which makes it difficult to meet the rapid pre-cooling requirements of large-flow hydrogen.

[0004] For example, the invention patent with publication number CN111365607B discloses a three-stage filling method for on-board hydrogen cylinders based on intelligent prediction and control. In this method, a three-stage hydrogen storage bottle group is used, and the feasibility and safety of hydrogen filling are guaranteed by the precooling system. In this method, a hydrogen filling machine is used as an intelligent control integration center, which works in conjunction with temperature, pressure and communication sensors. The hydrogen filling machine calculates and predicts the hydrogen filling plan based on the initial state information collected by the sensor, and controls the hydrogen filling process in real time to achieve safe and efficient hydrogen filling. However, the hydrogen filling strategy disclosed in this method has low hydrogen utilization, high precooling difficulty and complex control, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements of large-capacity and rapid hydrogen filling at the train level and cannot be widely used. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a fast hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization rate and a working method thereof.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rapid hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization rate, comprising a parallel multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle group arranged at the station end, each stage of the hydrogen storage bottle group is connected to a first switch valve and a second switch valve; wherein each first switch valve is directly connected to a pressure reducing valve 14, and each second switch valve is connected to the pressure reducing valve 14 after passing through a compressor 13; the other end of the pressure reducing valve 14 is connected to an on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 at the on-board end via a heat exchanger 15.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, the multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle group includes: a primary hydrogen storage bottle group (1), a secondary hydrogen storage bottle group 2, a tertiary hydrogen storage bottle group 3 and a quaternary hydrogen storage bottle group 4.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, both the multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle group and the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group 19 are equipped with pressure sensors for collecting the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle group.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, the heat exchanger 15 is also connected to a cooling module, which includes a boost pump 18, a first coolant tank 17 and a second coolant tank 16; wherein the first coolant tank 17 is used to output coolant to complete the cooling work, and the second coolant tank 16 is used to recover coolant.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, the heat exchanger 15 is equipped with two gas interfaces and two liquid interfaces, wherein the first gas interface is connected to the pressure reducing valve 14, the second gas interface is connected to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group 19, the first liquid interface is connected to the first coolant tank 17 via the boost pump 18, and the second liquid interface is connected to the second coolant tank 16.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present invention, a rapid hydrogenation method with high hydrogen utilization is provided, which is applied to a rapid hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization as described above, and utilizes a multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle group and a compressor 13 to achieve graded and standby direct filling of hydrogen.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the process of graded and standby direct hydrogen filling includes one to four levels of filling and standby filling, wherein the one to four levels of filling are carried out in sequence. If the pressure in the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 reaches the preset target filling pressure after the four-level filling is completed, the hydrogen filling process is completed. If it does not reach the preset target filling pressure, the standby filling is continued;

[0014] During the first-stage filling, the first-stage first switch valve 5 is opened, and the high-pressure hydrogen in the first-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 1 passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15 and enters the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group 19 until the pressure difference requirement is reached. The first-stage filling is completed, and the first-stage first switch valve 5 is closed;

[0015] During the secondary filling, the first-stage second switch valve 6 and the second-stage first switch valve 7 are opened, and the remaining hydrogen in the first-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 1 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then, together with the high-pressure hydrogen in the second-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 2, enters the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group 19 through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15 until the pressure difference requirement is reached. The secondary filling is completed, and the first-stage second switch valve 6 and the second-stage first switch valve 7 are closed;

[0016] During the three-stage filling, the second switch valve 8 of the second stage and the first switch valve 9 of the third stage are opened, and the remaining hydrogen in the second-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 2 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then, together with the high-pressure hydrogen in the third-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3, enters the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group 19 through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15 until the pressure difference requirement is reached. The three-stage filling is completed, and the second switch valve 8 of the second stage and the first switch valve 9 of the third stage are closed;

[0017] During the four-stage filling, the third-stage second switch valve 10 and the fourth-stage first switch valve 11 are opened, and the remaining hydrogen in the third-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then, together with the high-pressure hydrogen in the fourth-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4, passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15, and enters the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group 19 until the pressure difference requirement is reached. The four-stage filling is completed, and the third-stage second switch valve 10 and the fourth-stage first switch valve 11 are closed;

[0018] During the standby filling, the four-stage second switch valve 12 is opened, and the remaining hydrogen in the four-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then enters the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15, until the pressure in the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 reaches the preset target filling pressure. The standby filling is completed and the four-stage second switch valve 12 is closed.

[0019] The pressure difference requirement is: the pressure difference between the station end and the vehicle end is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP.

[0020] According to another aspect of the present invention, a rapid hydrogenation precooling method with high hydrogen utilization is provided. The method is applied to a rapid hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization as described above. The method utilizes a booster pump 18, a first coolant tank 17 and a second coolant tank 16 to achieve rapid precooling of hydrogen during the hydrogenation process.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution, the process of rapid precooling of hydrogen during hydrogenation includes: after the filling starts, the coolant in the first coolant tank 17 is pressurized by the booster pump 18 and flows into the heat exchanger 15. After the coolant exchanges heat with the hydrogen at the heat exchanger 15, it flows into the second coolant tank 16 for recovery until the filling is completed.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, the rotation speed of the boost pump 18 during cooling operation is adjusted according to the inlet temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The system of the present invention includes a parallel multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle group arranged at the station end, and each stage of the hydrogen storage bottle group is connected to a first switch valve and a second switch valve; wherein each first switch valve is directly connected to the pressure reducing valve 14, and each second switch valve is connected to the pressure reducing valve 14 after passing through the compressor 13; the other end of the pressure reducing valve 14 is connected to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group 19 at the vehicle end through the heat exchanger 15. In the present invention, hydrogen is added by using the hydrogen storage bottle group filling method and the compressor 13 direct filling method at the same time, so that the hydrogen utilization rate is improved while ensuring the hydrogenation rate.

[0025] 2. The present invention is designed to connect the heat exchanger 15 with the cooling module, which includes a booster pump 18, a first coolant tank 17 and a second coolant tank 16; wherein the first coolant tank 17 is used to output coolant to complete the cooling work, and the second coolant tank 16 is used to recover the coolant. The present invention uses the booster pump 18 and the double coolant tanks to perform cooling work, uses the coolant tank to store cold in advance, and then uses the booster pump to provide cooling, which makes it easier to achieve the power under large-flow hydrogenation and ensure the rapid precooling of large-flow hydrogen during rapid hydrogenation.

[0026] 3. In the present invention, by using a compressor, the remaining hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle that cannot be further filled by the pressure difference can be used to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen. Because the utilization rate of hydrogen is improved, the volume of the hydrogen storage bottle is reduced when the same amount of hydrogen is filled, thereby reducing the area occupied by the hydrogen storage bottle and reducing costs.

[0027] 4. In the present invention, during the first to fourth level filling process, whenever the pressure difference between the station end and the vehicle end is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP, the current filling process is terminated. By setting the preset pressure difference ΔP, the filling rate is maintained to ensure that the filling can be completed within the specified time.

[0028] 5. The precooling process of the present invention is as follows: after the filling starts, the coolant in the first coolant tank 17 is pressurized by the booster pump 18 and flows into the heat exchanger 15. After the coolant exchanges heat with hydrogen at the heat exchanger 15, it flows into the second coolant tank 16 for recovery until the filling is completed. The speed of the booster pump 18 is adjusted according to the inlet temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19, and a constant precooling temperature can be maintained in real time, so that the system maintains a good cooling effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rapid hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization rate in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 The present invention is a flow chart of a rapid hydrogenation method with high hydrogen utilization rate;

[0031] In the figure, 1 is a first-level hydrogen storage bottle group, 2 is a second-level hydrogen storage bottle group, 3 is a third-level hydrogen storage bottle group, 4 is a fourth-level hydrogen storage bottle group, 5 is a first-level first switch valve, 6 is a second-level switch valve, 7 is a second-level first switch valve, 8 is a second-level second switch valve, 9 is a third-level first switch valve, 10 is a third-level second switch valve, 11 is a fourth-level first switch valve, 12 is a fourth-level second switch valve, 13 is a compressor, 14 is a pressure reducing valve, 15 is a heat exchanger, 16 is a second cooling box, 17 is a first cooling box, 18 is a booster pump, and 19 is an on-board hydrogen storage bottle group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] As a clean and efficient secondary energy source, hydrogen energy is of great significance for building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. In the railway transportation industry, although electric trains have largely reduced the environmental problems caused by fuel power, the pollution caused by thermal power generation and the electromagnetic pollution caused by electric trains cannot be ignored. Therefore, hydrogen trains have become an important direction for the development of rail vehicles. As a hydrogen energy supply facility, hydrogen refueling stations are a very important part of the hydrogen energy industry. Skid-mounted hydrogen refueling stations have the advantages of flexibility, large service radius, and wide coverage. They are easier to meet train operation requirements, so they are more suitable for hydrogen train application scenarios. For example, in 2018, Alstom of France built a mobile hydrogen refueling station to provide temporary hydrogen refueling services for the testing of the Coradia iLint train; in 2023, the German Railway Company provided mobile fast refueling equipment for the Mireo PlusH hydrogen train, which can complete 180kg of hydrogen refueling within 15 minutes.

[0034] Nowadays, domestic technology has comprehensively studied the rapid hydrogenation strategy of fuel cell vehicles, but there is little research on train hydrogenation stations. According to different formations and usage scenarios, the on-board hydrogen storage mass of hydrogen trains is generally 180 to 500 kg, which is nearly 3 to 10 times that of heavy-duty vehicles. During the hydrogenation process, high-pressure hydrogen is driven by the pressure difference between the station and on-board hydrogen storage systems. The station hydrogen storage pressure will gradually decrease with the transfer of hydrogen mass, and the filling will stop when it is lower than the on-board hydrogen storage pressure. Therefore, the greater the filling demand, the higher the quality requirements for station hydrogen storage. In order to ensure the hydrogenation demand, the volume of high-pressure hydrogen provided by the station hydrogen storage system will increase dramatically, resulting in a significant increase in the number of required hydrogen storage bottles and costs; at the same time, the larger volume of hydrogen storage bottle groups is not conducive to the integrated layout of hydrogenation components in a limited enclosed space, thereby increasing the design difficulty of skid-mounted hydrogenation stations. At the same time, due to the sharp increase in pre-cooling power caused by the significant increase in the filling flow, the cooling capacity of the refrigerator is required to be higher, which greatly increases the cost; and the refrigeration cycle response time is long, which makes it difficult to meet the rapid pre-cooling requirements of large-flow hydrogen.

[0035] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a train rapid hydrogen refueling system and method with high hydrogen utilization rate.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] In this embodiment, a fast hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization rate is used to complete the fast hydrogenation work. The system structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a parallel multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle group arranged at the station end, and each stage of the hydrogen storage bottle group is connected to a first switch valve and a second switch valve; wherein each first switch valve is directly connected to a pressure reducing valve 14, and each second switch valve is connected to the pressure reducing valve 14 after passing through a compressor 13; the other end of the pressure reducing valve 14 is connected to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group 19 at the vehicle-mounted end via a heat exchanger 15.

[0038] The multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle group includes: a first-stage hydrogen storage bottle group (1), a second-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 2, a third-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3 and a fourth-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4. The multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle group and the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group 19 are both equipped with pressure sensors for collecting the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle group.

[0039] The heat exchanger 15 is also connected to a cooling module, which includes a boost pump 18, a first coolant tank 17, and a second coolant tank 16; the first coolant tank 17 is used to output coolant to complete the cooling work, and the second coolant tank 16 is used to recover coolant. The heat exchanger 15 is equipped with two gas interfaces and two liquid interfaces, wherein the first gas interface is connected to the pressure reducing valve 14, the second gas interface is connected to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group 19, the first liquid interface is connected to the first coolant tank 17 via the boost pump 18, and the second liquid interface is connected to the second coolant tank 16.

[0040] In this embodiment, a 70MPa train hydrogen refueling station is considered, and the design goal is to continuously refuel with a mass of no less than 500kg of hydrogen within 30 minutes. The train has 4 carriages, and the water volume of the onboard hydrogen storage system is 3.6m 3 ×4. Four hydrogen filling guns are used for parallel filling, that is, one gun is responsible for 3.6m of a single carriage. 3 Filling of the hydrogen storage subsystem.

[0041] In the following implementation, a rapid hydrogen refueling strategy is designed for a single carriage, and the overall refueling strategy can be copied on this basis.

[0042] In this embodiment, the working temperature is designed to be 0°C, and the hydrogen density is calculated according to GB / T 31138-2022. The volume of a single 90MPa hydrogen storage bottle is 0.5m 3 There are 10 90MPa hydrogen storage bottles for filling a single carriage, of which groups 1 to 4 have 5, 2, 2, and 1 bottles respectively, with a total volume of 5m 3 A 90MPa compressor 13 is selected, and the minimum intake pressure is set to 20MPa. The hydrogenation flow rate is controlled by the pressure reducing valve 14 to meet the design target of 500kg / 30min / 4=4.17 (kg / min).

[0043] In this embodiment, the pressure of the first to fourth hydrogen storage bottle groups is 90MPa, which are divided into the first to fourth levels and standby filling. The boost pressure of each level is: 0→25, 25→40, 40→55, 55→70MPa, and the mass required for filling at each level is 68.5, 31.9, 26.8, and 22.9kg. The target filling time of each level is 16.4, 7.6, 6.4, and 5.5min respectively. The standby filling pressure, mass, and duration are determined according to actual conditions. Before the filling starts, all switch valves are in the closed state. After the filling starts, the first coolant tank 17 provides a coolant flow to cool the hydrogen to -40°C through the boost pump 18. After heat exchange with the high-pressure hydrogen through the heat exchanger 15, it flows into the second coolant tank 16 until the filling is completed.

[0044] In this embodiment, the specific filling process is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0045] First, the first-level filling is performed, and the first-level switch valve 5 is opened. The high-pressure hydrogen in the first-level hydrogen storage bottle group 1 passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15 and enters the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19. When the pressure difference between the first-level hydrogen storage bottle group 1 and the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP, the first-level filling is completed and the first-level switch valve 5 is closed.

[0046] During the filling process, the pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 changes from 0 to 25 MPa, the pressure of the first-level hydrogen storage bottle group 1 changes from 90 to 30 MPa, and the mass of the released hydrogen is 66.9 kg; after the filling is completed, the pressure of the remaining compressible hydrogen in the first-level hydrogen storage bottle group 1 changes from 30 to 20 MPa, and the mass of the remaining part is 16.2 kg;

[0047] Then carry out secondary filling, open the first-level second switch valve 6 and the second-level first switch valve 7, and the remaining compressible hydrogen in the first-level hydrogen storage bottle group 1 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then merges with the high-pressure hydrogen in the second-level hydrogen storage bottle group 2 at the exhaust end of the compressor 13, passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15, and enters the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19; when the pressure difference between the second-level hydrogen storage bottle group 2 and the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP, the secondary filling is completed, and the first-level second switch valve 6 and the second-level first switch valve 7 are closed.

[0048] During the filling process, the pressure of the onboard hydrogen storage bottle group 19 changes from 25 to 40 MPa, and the pressure of the secondary hydrogen storage bottle 2 changes from 90 to 45 MPa, and the mass of the released hydrogen is 18.4 kg. When the initial intake pressure of the 90 MPa compressor 13 is 30 MPa (the residual pressure of the first-stage filling), the average displacement is 1500 Nm 3 / h. The exhaust volume of compressor 13 is 17.2kg in 7.6min, which is greater than the mass of compressible hydrogen of primary hydrogen storage bottle group 1 (16.2kg). This indicates that compressor 13 is capable of fully utilizing the remaining compressible hydrogen in primary hydrogen storage bottle group 1. Moreover, compressor 13 and hydrogen storage bottle group are charged at the same time for 7.6min, and 34.6kg can be charged, which exceeds the required charge of 31.9kg. After the charging is completed, the pressure of the remaining compressible hydrogen in secondary hydrogen storage bottle group 2 is: 45→20MPa, and the remaining mass is 14.8kg.

[0049] Then, the three-stage filling is carried out, and the second-stage second switch valve 8 and the third-stage first switch valve 9 are opened. The remaining compressible hydrogen in the second-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 2 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then merges with the high-pressure hydrogen in the third-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3 at the exhaust end of the compressor 13, passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15, and enters the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19; when the pressure difference between the third-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3 and the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP, the three-stage filling is completed, and the second-stage second switch valve 8 and the third-stage first switch valve 9 are closed.

[0050] During the filling process, the pressure of the onboard hydrogen storage bottle group 19 changes from 40 to 55 MPa, and the pressure of the three-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3 changes from 90 to 60 MPa, and the mass of hydrogen released is 11.4 kg. When the initial intake pressure of the 90 MPa compressor 13 is 45 MPa (secondary filling residual pressure), the average displacement is 2000 Nm 3 / h. The exhaust volume of compressor 13 is 19.3kg in 6.4min, which is greater than the mass of compressible hydrogen 14.8kg, indicating that compressor 13 is capable of fully utilizing the remaining compressible hydrogen in the secondary hydrogen storage bottle group 2, and compressor 13 and the hydrogen storage bottle group can be filled with 26.2kg in 6.4min, which is slightly lower than the mass required to be filled 26.8kg. After the filling is completed, the pressure of the remaining compressible hydrogen in the tertiary hydrogen storage bottle group 3 is: 60→20MPa, and the remaining mass is 21.9kg.

[0051] Finally, the fourth-stage filling is carried out, and the third-stage second switch valve 10 and the fourth-stage first switch valve 11 are opened. The remaining compressible hydrogen in the third-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then merges with the high-pressure hydrogen in the fourth-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 at the exhaust end of the compressor 13, passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15, and enters the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19; when the pressure difference between the fourth-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 and the on-board hydrogen storage bottle 19 is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP, the fourth-stage filling is completed, and the third-stage second switch valve 10 and the fourth-stage first switch valve 11 are closed.

[0052] During the filling process, the pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 changes from 55 to 70 MPa, and the pressure of the four-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 changes from 90 to 75 MPa, and the mass of hydrogen released is 2.7 kg; when the initial intake pressure of the 90 MPa compressor 13 is 60 MPa (the residual pressure of the three-stage filling), the average displacement is 2500 Nm 3 / h. The exhaust volume of compressor 13 is 20.6kg within 5.5min, which is less than the mass of compressible hydrogen 21.86kg, indicating that compressor 13 can only use 20.6kg of hydrogen, and compressor 13 and hydrogen storage bottle group can be filled with 23.3kg in 5.5min, which exceeds the mass required to be filled. After the filling is completed, the remaining compressible hydrogen pressure in the four-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 is: 75→20MPa, and the mass of the remaining part is 21.9kg. This part of hydrogen will be used as a backup hydrogen source and will be used by compressor 13 when the target filling pressure is not reached.

[0053] After the four-stage filling process is completed, the remaining hydrogen mass of each stage of the hydrogen storage bottle group is 39.22, 15.69, 16.9, and 21.8 kg, respectively, and the total hydrogen storage capacity of the four stages is 122.3, 48.9, 48.9, and 24.5 kg, respectively. The hydrogen utilization rate of each stage is 67.9%, 67.9%, 65.4%, and 11.0%, and the total hydrogen utilization rate is 61.7%. It can be seen that the hydrogen utilization rate of the fourth-stage filling is the lowest, so the hydrogen utilization rate of the four-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 can be improved through the standby filling process. For example, if the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 is continued to be filled to 75MPa using the standby filling, the hydrogen utilization rate of the fourth-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 is increased to 39.4%, and the total hydrogen utilization rate is increased to 64.6%. The extra hydrogenation time can be adjusted by the pressure reducing valve 14 so that the total duration of the entire filling process does not exceed 30 minutes.

[0054] In this embodiment, the preset pressure difference ΔP is 5 MPa.

[0055] In summary, a high-capacity rapid hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization rate used in this embodiment includes a parallel multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle group arranged at the station end, and each stage of the hydrogen storage bottle group is connected to a first switch valve and a second switch valve; wherein each first switch valve is directly connected to the pressure reducing valve 14, and each second switch valve is connected to the pressure reducing valve 14 after passing through the compressor 13; the other end of the pressure reducing valve 14 is connected to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group 19 at the vehicle end through the heat exchanger 15. Hydrogen is added by using the hydrogen storage bottle group filling method and the compressor 13 direct filling method at the same time, so that the hydrogen utilization rate is improved while ensuring the hydrogenation rate.

[0056] At the same time, the cooling module in the system includes a heat exchanger 15, a booster pump 18, a first coolant tank 17 and a second coolant tank 16; wherein the first coolant tank 17 is used to output coolant to complete the cooling work, and the second coolant tank 16 is used to recover coolant. In the present invention, the booster pump 18 is used together with the dual coolant tanks to perform cooling work, the coolant tank is used to store cold in advance, and then the booster pump is used for cooling, which makes it easier to achieve the power under large-flow hydrogenation and ensure the rapid precooling of large-flow hydrogen during rapid hydrogenation.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] In this embodiment, a fast hydrogenation method with high hydrogen utilization rate is applied to complete the fast hydrogenation work. The method is applied to a fast hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization rate. The method uses a multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle group and a compressor 13 to achieve graded and standby direct filling of hydrogen.

[0059] The process of graded and standby direct hydrogen filling includes one to four levels of filling and standby filling, wherein the one to four levels of filling are carried out in sequence. If the pressure in the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 reaches the preset target filling pressure after the four-level filling is completed, the hydrogen filling process is completed. If it does not reach the preset target filling pressure, the standby filling continues;

[0060] During the first-stage filling, the first-stage switch valve 5 is opened, and the high-pressure hydrogen in the first-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 1 passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15 and enters the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group 19 until the pressure difference requirement is reached. The first-stage filling is completed, and the first-stage switch valve 5 is closed;

[0061] During secondary filling, the first-stage second switch valve 6 and the second-stage first switch valve 7 are opened, and the remaining hydrogen in the first-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 1 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then, together with the high-pressure hydrogen in the second-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 2, passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15, and enters the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group 19 until the pressure difference requirement is reached. The secondary filling is completed, and the first-stage second switch valve 6 and the second-stage first switch valve 7 are closed;

[0062] During the third-stage filling, the second switch valve 8 of the second stage and the first switch valve 9 of the third stage are opened. The remaining hydrogen in the second-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 2 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then, together with the high-pressure hydrogen in the third-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3, passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15 and enters the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group 19 until the pressure difference requirement is reached. The third-stage filling is completed, and the second switch valve 8 of the second stage and the first switch valve 9 of the third stage are closed;

[0063] During the fourth-stage filling, the third-stage second switch valve 10 and the fourth-stage first switch valve 11 are opened, and the remaining hydrogen in the third-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then, together with the high-pressure hydrogen in the fourth-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4, passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15, and enters the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group 19 until the pressure difference requirement is reached. The fourth-stage filling is completed, and the third-stage second switch valve 10 and the fourth-stage first switch valve 11 are closed;

[0064] During standby filling, the four-stage second switch valve 12 is opened, and the remaining hydrogen in the four-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then enters the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15, until the pressure in the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 reaches the preset target filling pressure. The standby filling is completed and the four-stage second switch valve 12 is closed.

[0065] Among them, the pressure difference requirement is: the pressure difference between the station end and the vehicle end is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP.

[0066] In this embodiment, a 70MPa train hydrogen refueling station is considered, and the design goal is to continuously refuel with a mass of no less than 500kg of hydrogen within 30 minutes. The train has 4 carriages, and the water volume of the onboard hydrogen storage system is 3.6m 3 ×4. Four hydrogen filling guns are used for parallel filling, that is, one gun is responsible for 3.6m of a single carriage. 3 Filling of the hydrogen storage subsystem.

[0067] In the following implementation, a rapid hydrogen refueling strategy is designed for a single carriage, and the overall refueling strategy can be copied on this basis.

[0068] In this embodiment, the working temperature is designed to be 0°C, and the hydrogen density is calculated according to GB / T 31138-2022. The volume of a single 90MPa hydrogen storage bottle is 0.5m 3 There are 10 90MPa hydrogen storage bottles for filling a single carriage, of which groups 1 to 4 have 5, 2, 2, and 1 bottles respectively, with a total volume of 5m 3 A 90MPa compressor 13 is selected, and the minimum intake pressure is set to 20MPa. The hydrogenation flow rate is controlled by the pressure reducing valve 14 to meet the design target of 500kg / 30min / 4=4.17 (kg / min).

[0069] In this embodiment, the pressure of the first to fourth hydrogen storage bottle groups is 90MPa, which are divided into the first to fourth levels and standby filling. The boost pressure of each level is: 0→25, 25→40, 40→55, 55→70MPa, and the mass required for filling at each level is 68.5, 31.9, 26.8, and 22.9kg. The target filling time of each level is 16.4, 7.6, 6.4, and 5.5min respectively. The standby filling pressure, mass, and duration are determined according to actual conditions. Before the filling starts, all switch valves are in the closed state. After the filling starts, the first coolant tank 17 provides a coolant flow to cool the hydrogen to -40°C through the boost pump 18. After heat exchange with the high-pressure hydrogen through the heat exchanger 15, it flows into the second coolant tank 16 until the filling is completed.

[0070] In this embodiment, the specific filling process is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0071] First, the first-level filling is performed, and the first-level switch valve 5 is opened. The high-pressure hydrogen in the first-level hydrogen storage bottle group 1 passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15 and enters the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19. When the pressure difference between the first-level hydrogen storage bottle group 1 and the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP, the first-level filling is completed and the first-level switch valve 5 is closed.

[0072] During the filling process, the pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 changes from 0 to 25 MPa, the pressure of the first-level hydrogen storage bottle group 1 changes from 90 to 30 MPa, and the mass of the released hydrogen is 66.9 kg; after the filling is completed, the pressure of the remaining compressible hydrogen in the first-level hydrogen storage bottle group 1 changes from 30 to 20 MPa, and the mass of the remaining part is 16.2 kg;

[0073] Then carry out secondary filling, open the first-level second switch valve 6 and the second-level first switch valve 7, and the remaining compressible hydrogen in the first-level hydrogen storage bottle group 1 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then merges with the high-pressure hydrogen in the second-level hydrogen storage bottle group 2 at the exhaust end of the compressor 13, passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15, and enters the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19; when the pressure difference between the second-level hydrogen storage bottle group 2 and the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP, the secondary filling is completed, and the first-level second switch valve 6 and the second-level first switch valve 7 are closed.

[0074] During the filling process, the pressure of the onboard hydrogen storage bottle group 19 changes from 25 to 40 MPa, and the pressure of the secondary hydrogen storage bottle 2 changes from 90 to 45 MPa, and the mass of the released hydrogen is 18.4 kg. When the initial intake pressure of the 90 MPa compressor 13 is 30 MPa (the residual pressure of the first-stage filling), the average displacement is 1500 Nm 3 / h. The exhaust volume of compressor 13 is 17.2kg in 7.6min, which is greater than the mass of compressible hydrogen of primary hydrogen storage bottle group 1 (16.2kg). This indicates that compressor 13 is capable of fully utilizing the remaining compressible hydrogen in primary hydrogen storage bottle group 1. Moreover, compressor 13 and hydrogen storage bottle group are charged at the same time for 7.6min, and 34.6kg can be charged, which exceeds the required charge of 31.9kg. After the charging is completed, the pressure of the remaining compressible hydrogen in secondary hydrogen storage bottle group 2 is: 45→20MPa, and the remaining mass is 14.8kg.

[0075] Then, the three-stage filling is carried out, and the second-stage second switch valve 8 and the third-stage first switch valve 9 are opened. The remaining compressible hydrogen in the second-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 2 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then merges with the high-pressure hydrogen in the third-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3 at the exhaust end of the compressor 13, passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15, and enters the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19; when the pressure difference between the third-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3 and the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP, the three-stage filling is completed, and the second-stage second switch valve 8 and the third-stage first switch valve 9 are closed.

[0076] During the filling process, the pressure of the onboard hydrogen storage bottle group 19 changes from 40 to 55 MPa, and the pressure of the three-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3 changes from 90 to 60 MPa, and the mass of hydrogen released is 11.4 kg. When the initial intake pressure of the 90 MPa compressor 13 is 45 MPa (secondary filling residual pressure), the average displacement is 2000 Nm 3 / h. The exhaust volume of compressor 13 is 19.3kg in 6.4min, which is greater than the mass of compressible hydrogen 14.8kg, indicating that compressor 13 is capable of fully utilizing the remaining compressible hydrogen in the secondary hydrogen storage bottle group 2, and compressor 13 and the hydrogen storage bottle group can be filled with 26.2kg in 6.4min, which is slightly lower than the mass required to be filled 26.8kg. After the filling is completed, the pressure of the remaining compressible hydrogen in the tertiary hydrogen storage bottle group 3 is: 60→20MPa, and the remaining mass is 21.9kg.

[0077] Finally, the fourth-stage filling is carried out, and the third-stage second switch valve 10 and the fourth-stage first switch valve 11 are opened. The remaining compressible hydrogen in the third-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then merges with the high-pressure hydrogen in the fourth-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 at the exhaust end of the compressor 13, passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15, and enters the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19; when the pressure difference between the fourth-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 and the on-board hydrogen storage bottle 19 is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP, the fourth-stage filling is completed, and the third-stage second switch valve 10 and the fourth-stage first switch valve 11 are closed.

[0078] During the filling process, the pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 changes from 55 to 70 MPa, and the pressure of the four-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 changes from 90 to 75 MPa, and the mass of hydrogen released is 2.7 kg; when the initial intake pressure of the 90 MPa compressor 13 is 60 MPa (the residual pressure of the three-stage filling), the average displacement is 2500 Nm 3 / h. The exhaust volume of compressor 13 is 20.6kg within 5.5min, which is less than the mass of compressible hydrogen 21.86kg, indicating that compressor 13 can only use 20.6kg of hydrogen, and compressor 13 and hydrogen storage bottle group can be filled with 23.3kg in 5.5min, which exceeds the mass required to be filled. After the filling is completed, the remaining compressible hydrogen pressure in the four-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 is: 75→20MPa, and the mass of the remaining part is 21.9kg. This part of hydrogen will be used as a backup hydrogen source and will be used by compressor 13 when the target filling pressure is not reached.

[0079] After the four-stage filling process is completed, the remaining hydrogen mass of each stage of the hydrogen storage bottle group is 39.22, 15.69, 16.9, and 21.8 kg, respectively, and the total hydrogen storage capacity of the four stages is 122.3, 48.9, 48.9, and 24.5 kg, respectively. The hydrogen utilization rate of each stage is 67.9%, 67.9%, 65.4%, and 11.0%, and the total hydrogen utilization rate is 61.7%. It can be seen that the hydrogen utilization rate of the fourth-stage filling is the lowest, so the hydrogen utilization rate of the four-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 can be improved through the standby filling process. For example, if the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 is continued to be filled to 75MPa using the standby filling, the hydrogen utilization rate of the fourth-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 is increased to 39.4%, and the total hydrogen utilization rate is increased to 64.6%. The extra hydrogenation time can be adjusted by the pressure reducing valve 14 so that the total duration of the entire filling process does not exceed 30 minutes.

[0080] In this embodiment, the preset pressure difference ΔP is 5 MPa.

[0081] In summary, in a large-capacity rapid hydrogenation working method with high hydrogen utilization rate applied in this embodiment, by using a compressor, the remaining hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle that cannot be further refilled by pressure difference can be utilized to improve the hydrogen utilization rate. Because the hydrogen utilization rate is improved, the volume of the hydrogen storage bottle is reduced when the same amount of hydrogen is refilled, thereby reducing the floor space of the hydrogen storage bottle and reducing costs. Moreover, during the first to fourth level refilling process, whenever the pressure difference between the station end and the vehicle end is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP, the current refilling process is terminated, and by setting the preset pressure difference ΔP, the refilling rate is maintained to ensure that the refilling can be completed within the specified time. Improve the hydrogen utilization rate while ensuring the hydrogenation rate.

[0082] Example 3

[0083] In this embodiment, a rapid hydrogenation method with high hydrogen utilization is applied to complete the rapid hydrogenation work. The method is applied to a rapid hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization. The method uses a booster pump 18, a first coolant tank 17 and a second coolant tank 16 to achieve rapid precooling of hydrogen during the hydrogenation process.

[0084] During the hydrogenation process, the process of rapid precooling of hydrogen includes: after the filling starts, the coolant in the first coolant tank 17 is pressurized by the booster pump 18 and flows into the heat exchanger 15. After the coolant exchanges heat with the hydrogen at the heat exchanger 15, it flows into the second coolant tank 16 for recovery until the filling is completed. During the cooling operation, the speed of the booster pump 18 is adjusted according to the temperature at the inlet of the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19.

[0085] In this embodiment, a 70MPa train hydrogen refueling station is considered, and the design goal is to continuously refuel with a mass of no less than 500kg of hydrogen within 30 minutes. The train has 4 carriages, and the water volume of the onboard hydrogen storage system is 3.6m 3 ×4. Four hydrogen filling guns are used for parallel filling, that is, one gun is responsible for 3.6m of a single carriage. 3 Filling of the hydrogen storage subsystem.

[0086] In the following implementation, a rapid hydrogen refueling strategy is designed for a single carriage, and the overall refueling strategy can be copied on this basis.

[0087] In this embodiment, the working temperature is designed to be 0°C, and the hydrogen density is calculated according to GB / T 31138-2022. The volume of a single 90MPa hydrogen storage bottle is 0.5m 3 There are 10 90MPa hydrogen storage bottles for filling a single carriage, of which groups 1 to 4 have 5, 2, 2, and 1 bottles respectively, with a total volume of 5m 3 A 90MPa compressor 13 is selected, and the minimum intake pressure is set to 20MPa. The hydrogenation flow rate is controlled by the pressure reducing valve 14 to meet the design target of 500kg / 30min / 4=4.17 (kg / min).

[0088] In this embodiment, the pressure of the first to fourth hydrogen storage bottle groups is 90MPa, which are divided into the first to fourth levels and standby filling. The boost pressure of each level is: 0→25, 25→40, 40→55, 55→70MPa, and the mass required for filling at each level is 68.5, 31.9, 26.8, and 22.9kg. The target filling time of each level is 16.4, 7.6, 6.4, and 5.5min respectively. The standby filling pressure, mass, and duration are determined according to actual conditions. Before the filling starts, all switch valves are in the closed state. After the filling starts, the first coolant tank 17 provides a coolant flow to cool the hydrogen to -40°C through the boost pump 18. After heat exchange with the high-pressure hydrogen through the heat exchanger 15, it flows into the second coolant tank 16 until the filling is completed.

[0089] In this embodiment, the specific filling process is as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0090] First, the first-level filling is performed, and the first-level switch valve 5 is opened. The high-pressure hydrogen in the first-level hydrogen storage bottle group 1 passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15 and enters the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19. When the pressure difference between the first-level hydrogen storage bottle group 1 and the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP, the first-level filling is completed and the first-level switch valve 5 is closed.

[0091] During the filling process, the pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 changes from 0 to 25 MPa, the pressure of the first-level hydrogen storage bottle group 1 changes from 90 to 30 MPa, and the mass of the released hydrogen is 66.9 kg; after the filling is completed, the pressure of the remaining compressible hydrogen in the first-level hydrogen storage bottle group 1 changes from 30 to 20 MPa, and the mass of the remaining part is 16.2 kg;

[0092] Then carry out secondary filling, open the first-level second switch valve 6 and the second-level first switch valve 7, and the remaining compressible hydrogen in the first-level hydrogen storage bottle group 1 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then merges with the high-pressure hydrogen in the second-level hydrogen storage bottle group 2 at the exhaust end of the compressor 13, passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15, and enters the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19; when the pressure difference between the second-level hydrogen storage bottle group 2 and the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP, the secondary filling is completed, and the first-level second switch valve 6 and the second-level first switch valve 7 are closed.

[0093] During the filling process, the pressure of the onboard hydrogen storage bottle group 19 changes from 25 to 40 MPa, and the pressure of the secondary hydrogen storage bottle 2 changes from 90 to 45 MPa, and the mass of the released hydrogen is 18.4 kg. When the initial intake pressure of the 90 MPa compressor 13 is 30 MPa (the residual pressure of the first-stage filling), the average displacement is 1500 Nm 3 / h. The exhaust volume of compressor 13 is 17.2kg in 7.6min, which is greater than the mass of compressible hydrogen of primary hydrogen storage bottle group 1 (16.2kg). This indicates that compressor 13 is capable of fully utilizing the remaining compressible hydrogen in primary hydrogen storage bottle group 1. Moreover, compressor 13 and hydrogen storage bottle group are charged at the same time for 7.6min, and 34.6kg can be charged, which exceeds the required charge of 31.9kg. After the charging is completed, the pressure of the remaining compressible hydrogen in secondary hydrogen storage bottle group 2 is: 45→20MPa, and the remaining mass is 14.8kg.

[0094] Then, the three-stage filling is carried out, and the second-stage second switch valve 8 and the third-stage first switch valve 9 are opened. The remaining compressible hydrogen in the second-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 2 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then merges with the high-pressure hydrogen in the third-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3 at the exhaust end of the compressor 13, passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15, and enters the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19; when the pressure difference between the third-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3 and the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP, the three-stage filling is completed, and the second-stage second switch valve 8 and the third-stage first switch valve 9 are closed.

[0095] During the filling process, the pressure of the onboard hydrogen storage bottle group 19 changes from 40 to 55 MPa, and the pressure of the three-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3 changes from 90 to 60 MPa, and the mass of hydrogen released is 11.4 kg. When the initial intake pressure of the 90 MPa compressor 13 is 45 MPa (secondary filling residual pressure), the average displacement is 2000 Nm 3 / h. The exhaust volume of compressor 13 is 19.3kg in 6.4min, which is greater than the mass of compressible hydrogen 14.8kg, indicating that compressor 13 is capable of fully utilizing the remaining compressible hydrogen in the secondary hydrogen storage bottle group 2, and compressor 13 and the hydrogen storage bottle group can be filled with 26.2kg in 6.4min, which is slightly lower than the mass required to be filled 26.8kg. After the filling is completed, the pressure of the remaining compressible hydrogen in the tertiary hydrogen storage bottle group 3 is: 60→20MPa, and the remaining mass is 21.9kg.

[0096] Finally, the fourth-stage filling is carried out, and the third-stage second switch valve 10 and the fourth-stage first switch valve 11 are opened. The remaining compressible hydrogen in the third-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 3 is pressurized by the compressor 13, and then merges with the high-pressure hydrogen in the fourth-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 at the exhaust end of the compressor 13, passes through the pressure reducing valve 14 and the heat exchanger 15, and enters the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19; when the pressure difference between the fourth-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 and the on-board hydrogen storage bottle 19 is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP, the fourth-stage filling is completed, and the third-stage second switch valve 10 and the fourth-stage first switch valve 11 are closed.

[0097] During the filling process, the pressure of the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 changes from 55 to 70 MPa, and the pressure of the four-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 changes from 90 to 75 MPa, and the mass of hydrogen released is 2.7 kg; when the initial intake pressure of the 90 MPa compressor 13 is 60 MPa (the residual pressure of the three-stage filling), the average displacement is 2500 Nm 3 / h. The exhaust volume of compressor 13 is 20.6kg within 5.5min, which is less than the mass of compressible hydrogen 21.86kg, indicating that compressor 13 can only use 20.6kg of hydrogen, and compressor 13 and hydrogen storage bottle group can be filled with 23.3kg in 5.5min, which exceeds the mass required to be filled. After the filling is completed, the remaining compressible hydrogen pressure in the four-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 is: 75→20MPa, and the mass of the remaining part is 21.9kg. This part of hydrogen will be used as a backup hydrogen source and will be used by compressor 13 when the target filling pressure is not reached.

[0098] After the four-stage filling process is completed, the remaining hydrogen mass of each stage of the hydrogen storage bottle group is 39.22, 15.69, 16.9, and 21.8 kg, respectively, and the total hydrogen storage capacity of the four stages is 122.3, 48.9, 48.9, and 24.5 kg, respectively. The hydrogen utilization rate of each stage is 67.9%, 67.9%, 65.4%, and 11.0%, and the total hydrogen utilization rate is 61.7%. It can be seen that the hydrogen utilization rate of the fourth-stage filling is the lowest, so the hydrogen utilization rate of the four-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 can be improved through the standby filling process. For example, if the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 is continued to be filled to 75MPa using the standby filling, the hydrogen utilization rate of the fourth-stage hydrogen storage bottle group 4 is increased to 39.4%, and the total hydrogen utilization rate is increased to 64.6%. The extra hydrogenation time can be adjusted by the pressure reducing valve 14 so that the total duration of the entire filling process does not exceed 30 minutes.

[0099] In this embodiment, the preset pressure difference ΔP is 5 MPa.

[0100] In summary, in the large-capacity rapid hydrogenation working method with high hydrogen utilization rate used in this embodiment, after the filling starts, the coolant in the first coolant tank 17 is pressurized by the boost pump 18 and flows into the heat exchanger 15. After the coolant exchanges heat with the hydrogen at the heat exchanger 15, it flows into the second coolant tank 16 for recovery until the filling is completed. Among them, the speed of the boost pump 18 is adjusted according to the inlet temperature of the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group 19 to maintain a pre-cooling temperature of -40°C, so that the system maintains a good cooling effect. While ensuring the hydrogenation rate, the hydrogen utilization rate is improved, and its cooling work also ensures the rapid pre-cooling of large-flow hydrogen during the rapid hydrogenation process.

[0101] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and these modifications or replacements should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A rapid hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization rate, characterized in that: It comprises a parallel multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle group arranged at the station end, and each stage of the hydrogen storage bottle group is connected to a first switch valve and a second switch valve; wherein each first switch valve is directly connected to a pressure reducing valve (14), and each second switch valve is connected to the pressure reducing valve (14) after passing through a compressor (13); the other end of the pressure reducing valve (14) is connected to an on-board hydrogen storage bottle group (19) at the on-board end via a heat exchanger (15).

2. A fast hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle group comprises: a primary hydrogen storage bottle group (1), a secondary hydrogen storage bottle group (2), a tertiary hydrogen storage bottle group (3) and a quaternary hydrogen storage bottle group (4).

3. A fast hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle group and the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group (19) are both equipped with pressure sensors for collecting the pressure of the hydrogen storage bottle group.

4. A fast hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchanger (15) is also connected to a cooling module, which includes a booster pump (18), a first coolant tank (17) and a second coolant tank (16); wherein the first coolant tank (17) is used to output coolant to complete cooling work, and the second coolant tank (16) is used to recover coolant.

5. A fast hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization rate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat exchanger (15) is equipped with two gas interfaces and two liquid interfaces, wherein the first gas interface is connected to the pressure reducing valve (14), the second gas interface is connected to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group (19), the first liquid interface is connected to the first coolant tank (17) via the booster pump (18), and the second liquid interface is connected to the second coolant tank (16).

6. A rapid hydrogenation method with high hydrogen utilization, characterized in that: The method is applied to a rapid hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization rate as described in any one of claims 1-5, and the method utilizes a multi-stage hydrogen storage bottle group and a compressor (13) to achieve graded and standby direct filling of hydrogen.

7. A rapid hydrogenation method with high hydrogen utilization rate according to claim 6, characterized in that: The process of graded and standby direct hydrogen filling includes one to four levels of filling and standby filling, wherein the one to four levels of filling are performed in sequence, and if the pressure in the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group (19) reaches a preset target filling pressure after the four-level filling is completed, the hydrogen filling process is completed; if it does not reach the preset target filling pressure, the standby filling is continued; During the first-stage filling, the first-stage switch valve (5) is opened, and the high-pressure hydrogen in the first-stage hydrogen storage bottle group (1) passes through the pressure reducing valve (14) and the heat exchanger (15) and enters the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group (19) until the pressure difference requirement is reached. The first-stage filling is completed and the first-stage switch valve (5) is closed; During the secondary filling, the first-stage second switch valve (6) and the second-stage first switch valve (7) are opened, and the remaining hydrogen in the first-stage hydrogen storage bottle group (1) is pressurized by the compressor (13), and then, together with the high-pressure hydrogen in the second-stage hydrogen storage bottle group (2), enters the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group (19) through the pressure reducing valve (14) and the heat exchanger (15) until the pressure difference requirement is reached. The secondary filling is completed, and the first-stage second switch valve (6) and the second-stage first switch valve (7) are closed; During the three-stage filling, the second switch valve (8) of the second stage and the first switch valve (9) of the third stage are opened, and the remaining hydrogen in the second stage hydrogen storage bottle group (2) is pressurized by the compressor (13), and then, together with the high-pressure hydrogen in the third stage hydrogen storage bottle group (3), enters the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group (19) through the pressure reducing valve (14) and the heat exchanger (15) until the pressure difference requirement is reached. The three-stage filling is completed, and the second switch valve (8) of the second stage and the first switch valve (9) of the third stage are closed; During the four-stage filling, the third-stage second switch valve (10) and the fourth-stage first switch valve (11) are opened, and the remaining hydrogen in the third-stage hydrogen storage bottle group (3) is pressurized by the compressor (13), and then, together with the high-pressure hydrogen in the fourth-stage hydrogen storage bottle group (4), enters the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group (19) through the pressure reducing valve (14) and the heat exchanger (15) until the pressure difference requirement is reached. The four-stage filling is completed, and the third-stage second switch valve (10) and the fourth-stage first switch valve (11) are closed; During the standby filling, the four-stage second switch valve (12) is opened, and the remaining hydrogen in the four-stage hydrogen storage bottle group (4) is pressurized by the compressor (13), and then enters the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group (19) through the pressure reducing valve (14) and the heat exchanger (15), until the pressure in the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle group (19) reaches the preset target filling pressure, the standby filling is completed, and the four-stage second switch valve (12) is closed; The pressure difference requirement is: the pressure difference between the station end and the vehicle end is less than or equal to the preset pressure difference ΔP.

8. A rapid hydrogenation precooling method with high hydrogen utilization rate, characterized in that: The method is applied to a rapid hydrogenation system with high hydrogen utilization rate as described in any one of claims 4 or 5, and the method uses a booster pump (18), a first coolant tank (17) and a second coolant tank (16) to achieve rapid precooling of hydrogen during the hydrogenation process.

9. A rapid hydrogenation precooling method with high hydrogen utilization rate according to claim 8, characterized in that: The process of rapid precooling of hydrogen during the hydrogenation process comprises: after the filling starts, the coolant in the first coolant tank (17) is pressurized by the booster pump (18) and flows into the heat exchanger (15); after the coolant exchanges heat with the hydrogen at the heat exchanger (15), it flows into the second coolant tank (16) for recovery until the filling is completed.

10. A rapid hydrogenation precooling method with high hydrogen utilization rate according to claim 9, characterized in that: During the cooling operation, the rotation speed of the boost pump (18) is adjusted according to the temperature at the inlet of the on-board hydrogen storage bottle group (19).

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