Method for promoting low-position germination of ratoon cane

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for promoting low-position germination of ratoon sugarcanes, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method comprises the following steps: (1) stumping: cutting off overground parts of sugarcane pockets; (2) fertilization: applying 400 milliliters of microalgae fertilizer per mu during conventional fertilization. According to the method, the stumping depth of the sugarcane is 5-10 cm in soil, 400 ml of microalgae liquid is added per mu during conventional fertilization, and microalgae has a nitrogen fixation function, so that the content of available nitrogen (alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen) in soil is remarkably increased, the nitrogen content of sugarcane buds is also remarkably increased, the sugarcane buds can germinate and grow into effective stems, and the yield of the sugarcane is increased. The method can solve the problems that the existing sugarcane ratoon period is short, the existing ratoon sugarcane management cannot well promote the low-position buds of the ratoon sugarcane to germinate into effective stems, the ratoon sugarcane yield is low and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a method for promoting low-position germination of ratoon sugarcane. Background Art

[0002] After the sugarcane was harvested last year, the buds of the sugarcane stumps left in the soil of the sugarcane field sprouted out of the ground under suitable environmental conditions and grew into sugarcane plants, which are called perennial sugarcane. The perennial period in production is generally 2-3 years, and can be as long as 4-5 years. In major sugarcane producing areas such as Guangxi, perennial sugarcane accounts for more than 2 / 3 of the total sugarcane planting area. Therefore, strengthening the management of perennial sugarcane is of great significance to increasing sugarcane production in major producing areas and promoting the development of the sugarcane industry.

[0003] Studies have shown that increasing the number of effective sugarcane stems is a key technology for stabilizing and increasing sugarcane yields. The number of effective sugarcane stems is closely related to the tillering and growth of sugarcane after tillering. When the sugarcane seedlings are at the age of 6-12 leaves, it is the tillering period of sugarcane. The underground base nodes of the plants will sprout lateral buds to form tillers. The tillering period is an average of 35-45 days. Generally, low nodes or first tillers that occur in the early stage of tillering are easy to become effective tillers. Late tillers not only cannot become effective stems, but also grab nutrients, affecting the growth of earlier tillers into effective stems. For perennial sugarcane, since a small section of sugarcane stems and a small amount of above-ground buds are generally left on the ground when the sugarcane is cut, these above-ground buds are easier to germinate and grow than underground buds, but the above-ground buds cannot grow into effective stems. Instead, they will inhibit the germination of low-position buds in the underground part, thereby affecting the yield of perennial sugarcane. On the other hand, the germination of ratoon sugarcane is closely related to the soil environment, especially the increase of nutrients such as nitrogen is conducive to the germination of low-position buds of ratoon sugarcane and their growth into effective stems.

[0004] In recent years, people have also strengthened the management of perennial sugarcane. For example, the patent "A method for managing perennial sugarcane" (CN106489464A) includes the steps of shoveling, fertilizing, spraying solution and covering film, which can improve the soil permeability of the sugarcane field, increase the soil oxygen content, increase the emergence rate and tillering rate, and ultimately increase the yield of sugarcane. However, the height of the sugarcane stump is relatively high (7-10cm), and the fertilizers applied are: 43.2-50.1 kg / mu of calcium, 19.8-20.1 kg / mu of urea and 19.8-20.1 kg / mu of potassium sulfate. The diuretic contained in it will affect the growth of sugarcane buds, especially the growth of low-position buds, and cannot promote the germination of low-position buds of perennial sugarcane into effective stems in a targeted manner. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting low-position germination of ratoon sugarcane, so as to solve the problem that the existing ratoon sugarcane management cannot well promote the low-position buds of ratoon sugarcane to germinate into effective stems and cannot well improve the yield of ratoon sugarcane.

[0006] The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0007] A method for promoting low-position germination of ratoon sugarcane comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Stubble: Cut off the above-ground residual stalks of the sugarcane and the upper part of the underground stalks;

[0009] (2) Fertilization: In addition to conventional fertilization, add 350-450 ml of microalgae fertilizer per mu.

[0010] Preferably, the stubble depth is 5-10 cm into the soil.

[0011] Preferably, the depths of 6 to 8 sugarcane stumps are investigated, and the average depth of the sugarcane stumps is determined before pruning.

[0012] Preferably, the conventional fertilization is: the total fertilizer amount per mu is 18-20 kg of nitrogen (N), 4-5 kg ​​of phosphorus (P2O5), and 16-18 kg of potassium (K2O).

[0013] Preferably, 2-4 kg of magnesium sulfate monohydrate is applied per mu in addition to conventional fertilization.

[0014] Preferably, the microalgae fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 1-2 parts of Chlorella and 3-4 parts of Cyanobacteria.

[0015] Preferably, 400 ml of microalgae fertilizer is applied per mu. Preferably, the microalgae fertilizer is diluted with water at a volume ratio of 1:50 and then applied to both sides of the sugarcane stump or the microalgae fertilizer is mixed with conventional fertilizers and applied together.

[0016] Preferably, the fertilization depth is 10-15 cm, and the horizontal distance between the fertilizer and the sugarcane roots is 5-10 cm.

[0017] Preferably, ratoon sugarcane management machinery is used for pruning, loosening the stumps, fertilizing and covering the soil.

[0018] Preferably, the ratoon sugarcane management machine comprises a frame, a disc cutter, a stubble-leveling mechanism, a stump-loosening mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a soil covering mechanism and a film covering mechanism.

[0019] The frame is used to support the disc cutter, the stubble-leveling mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism, the watering mechanism and the soil covering mechanism.

[0020] The disc cutter is installed at the front part below the frame and is used to cut off the sugarcane leaves;

[0021] The stubble-leveling mechanism is installed behind the disc cutter and is used to cut off the above-ground part of the sugarcane stalks;

[0022] The stump loosening mechanism comprises a soil loosening plow, which is installed behind the stubble leveling mechanism and is used to loosen the soil of the sugarcane stumps;

[0023] The fertilization mechanism includes a fertilizer box, a fertilizer dispenser and a fertilizer pipe. The fertilizer box is installed above the frame. One end of the fertilizer dispenser is connected to the fertilizer box and the other end is connected to the fertilizer pipe. The other end of the fertilizer pipe is fixed behind the loosening mechanism.

[0024] The soil covering mechanism is arranged behind the stump loosening mechanism and is used to add soil to the sugarcane stumps after loosening, fertilizing and watering;

[0025] The film covering mechanism is arranged behind the stump loosening mechanism and is used for covering the sugarcane stump with film.

[0026] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The present invention stubbles the sugarcane to a depth of 5-10 cm into the soil, and adds about 400 ml of microalgae liquid per mu in conventional fertilization. Since the microalgae has a nitrogen fixing function, the content of available nitrogen (alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen) in the soil is significantly increased, and the nitrogen content of the sugarcane sprouts is also significantly increased. The microalgae fertilizer and magnesium sulfate monohydrate act synergistically, which is beneficial to the germination of the sugarcane sprouts and their growth into effective stems, thereby increasing the sugarcane yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. In all drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a photo of the low-lying buds of sugarcane.

[0030] Figure 2 These are photos of perennial sugarcane sprouting and growing into stems after six years of field trials (one year of new planting and five years of perennial roots). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "top", "bottom", "top surface", "bottom surface", "inside", "outside", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, "several" means one or more, "more" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" etc. are understood to exclude the number itself, and "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood to include the number itself. If the terms "first", "second", "third" are described, they are only used for the purpose of description and distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. The following is an explanation of the embodiments of the present invention based on its overall structure.

[0035] Example 1 is the result of a six-year (one year new planting and five years perennial) field test.

[0036] Test locations: Xingbin District, Laibin City, Hengzhou City, Nanning City, and Fusui County, Chongzuo City.

[0037] Experimental variety: Liucheng 05-136.

[0038] Test objects: Six-year-old perennial sugarcane (one year newly planted and five years of perennial sugarcane).

[0039] Test method: After the sugarcane is harvested, the stubble is processed, and the stubble depth is 5-10cm into the soil. There are three treatments for fertilizer management, namely: conventional fertilization, conventional fertilization + application of microalgae, and conventional fertilization + magnesium sulfate monohydrate + application of microalgae. Among them, treatment 1 conventional fertilization treatment is: the total fertilizer amount per mu is 18-20 kg nitrogen (N), 4-5 kg ​​phosphorus (P2O5), and 16-18 kg potassium (K2O); among which the base fertilizer application accounts for 10% of the total fertilizer application per mu, the seedling fertilizer application accounts for 20% of the total fertilizer application per mu, and the elongation fertilizer application accounts for 70% of the total fertilizer application per mu. Treatment 2 Conventional fertilization + application of microalgae treatment: total fertilizer application per mu: 18-20 kg nitrogen (N), 4-5 kg ​​phosphorus (P2O5), 16-18 kg potassium (K2O) and 400 ml microalgae fertilizer per mu, wherein base fertilizer application accounts for 10% of the total fertilizer application per mu, seedling fertilizer application accounts for 20% of the total fertilizer application per mu, and elongation fertilizer application accounts for 70% of the total fertilizer application per mu. The microalgae fertilizer is diluted with water at a volume ratio of 1:50 and then mixed with conventional fertilizer for application (microalgae is applied once). The microalgae fertilizer is made as follows: 2 kg chlorella powder and 3 kg cyanobacteria powder per mu are dissolved in 400 ml deionized water, and 0.1% sodium citrate is added to promote the dispersion of chlorella powder and cyanobacteria powder, and the comprehensive pH of the microalgae fertilizer is adjusted to 8, and stirred evenly in a 45°C water bath to fully dissolve it, and the required microalgae fertilizer is obtained. Treatment 3, conventional fertilization + magnesium sulfate monohydrate + application of microalgae, is similar to treatment 2, with the only difference being that 3 kg of magnesium sulfate monohydrate is applied per mu.

[0040] Test results: During the budding period of perennial sugarcane, the soil alkaline nitrogen content and the nitrogen content of seedlings were measured. The soil alkaline nitrogen content of conventional fertilization + microalgae treatment was 57 mg / kg, which was 26 mg / kg higher than the soil alkaline nitrogen content of 31 mg / kg in the conventional fertilization treatment; the nitrogen content of sugarcane seedlings treated with conventional fertilization + microalgae was 0.32%, which was more than doubled compared with the nitrogen content of 0.14% in sugarcane seedlings treated with conventional fertilization. Treatment 3 added magnesium sulfate monohydrate, which had a synergistic effect, and the soil alkaline nitrogen content and seedling nitrogen content increased, as shown in Table 1.

[0041] Table 1 Soil alkaline nitrogen content (sprout germination period of ratoon sugarcane)

[0042] deal with Soil alkaline nitrogen content (mg / kg) Nitrogen content of young shoots (%) Conventional fertilization 31 0.14 Conventional fertilization + application of microalgae 57 0.32 Conventional fertilization + application of microalgae + magnesium sulfate monohydrate 59 0.36

[0043] At the same time, the number of seedlings of ratoon sugarcane and the number of low-position seedlings of ratoon sugarcane were counted. The number of seedlings of ratoon sugarcane treated with conventional fertilization + microalgae was 11,320 plants / mu, an increase of 1,777 plants / mu compared with the number of seedlings of ratoon sugarcane treated with conventional fertilization (9,543 plants / mu); the number of low-position seedlings of ratoon sugarcane treated with conventional fertilization + microalgae was 6,203 plants / mu, an increase of 3,078 plants / mu compared with the number of low-position seedlings of ratoon sugarcane treated with conventional fertilization (3,125 plants / mu); the proportion of low-position seedlings of ratoon sugarcane increased by 22.1 percentage points; the number of seedlings of ratoon sugarcane and the number of low-position seedlings increased after adding magnesium sulfate monohydrate, as shown in Table 2 for details.

[0044] Table 2 Number of ratoon sugarcane seedlings and low-lying seedlings

[0045]

[0046] When harvesting sugarcane, the number of effective stems of ratoon cane was counted and the weight of single stem of ratoon cane was measured. The number of effective stems of ratoon cane treated with conventional fertilization + microalgae was 4733 plants / mu, an increase of 1621 plants / mu compared with the number of effective stems of ratoon cane treated with conventional fertilization of 3112 plants / mu; the weight of single stem of ratoon cane treated with conventional fertilization + microalgae was 1.32 kg / plant, an increase of 0.18 kg / plant compared with the weight of single stem of ratoon cane treated with conventional fertilization of 1.14 kg / plant; the yield of ratoon cane increased by 2701 kg / mu, and the sugar content of sugarcane increased, which was manifested as an increase of 0.6 units in the hammer degree of sugarcane in the process maturity period of ratoon cane. Correspondingly, after the addition of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, the yield of ratoon cane was 6756 kg / mu, an increase of 3209 tons compared with the yield of conventional fertilizer, as shown in Table 3.

[0047] Table 3 Effective stems, single stem weight and yield of ratoon sugarcane

[0048]

[0049] Note: The number of effective stems of ratoon sugarcane, the weight of single stem of ratoon sugarcane and the yield of ratoon sugarcane are the average yields of the past five years.

[0050] The sucrose specific gravity is the average value of the past five years (all during the harvest period of ratoon sugarcane).

[0051] Other tests show that magnesium sulfate monohydrate has better synergistic effect than magnesium sulfate heptahydrate. The microalgae fertilizer prepared by the present application also has better effect in promoting germination of sugarcane than diatom fertilizer.

[0052] In summary, the 6-year follow-up test shows that the present invention cuts sugarcane to a depth of 5-10 cm in the soil and adds 400 ml of microalgae liquid per mu in conventional fertilization. Since microalgae have the function of nitrogen fixation, the content of available nitrogen (alkaline nitrogen) in the soil increases significantly, and the nitrogen content of sugarcane sprouts also increases significantly, which is beneficial to the germination of sugarcane sprouts and their growth into effective stems, thereby increasing sugarcane yield.

[0053] The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are for the purpose of explanation and illustration. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is obvious that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, this specific embodiment is only an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the invention. The specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can make modifications, substitutions, variations and various selections and changes to the embodiments without creative contribution as needed without departing from the principles and purpose of the present invention after reading this specification, but they are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for promoting low-position germination of ratoon sugarcane, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Stubble: Cut off the above-ground residual stalks of the sugarcane and the upper part of the underground stalks; (2) Fertilization: In addition to conventional fertilization, add 350-450 ml of microalgae fertilizer per mu.

2. The method for promoting low-position germination of ratoon sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the stubble should be 5-10cm into the soil, and the residual stems above the ground and the upper part of the sugarcane stems underground should be cut off.

3. A method for promoting low-position germination of ratoon sugarcane according to claim 2, characterized in that: Investigate the depth of 6-8 sugarcane stumps and determine the average depth before pruning.

4. The method for promoting low-position germination of ratoon sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conventional fertilization is as follows: the total fertilizer amount per mu is 18-20 kg of nitrogen, 4-5 kg ​​of phosphorus, and 16-18 kg of potassium.

5. The method for promoting low-position germination of ratoon sugarcane according to claim 4, characterized in that: Along with regular fertilization, apply 2-4 kg of magnesium sulfate monohydrate per acre.

6. The method for promoting low-position germination of ratoon sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microalgae fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 1-2 parts of chlorella and 3-4 parts of blue algae.

7. The method for promoting low-position germination of ratoon sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: 400 ml of microalgae fertilizer is applied per mu; the microalgae fertilizer is diluted with water at a volume ratio of 1:50 and then applied to both sides of the sugarcane stump or the microalgae fertilizer is mixed with conventional fertilizer and applied together.

8. The method for promoting low-position germination of ratoon sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization depth is 10-15cm, and the horizontal distance between the fertilizer and the sugarcane roots is 5-10cm.

9. The method for promoting low-position germination of ratoon sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: Use perennial sugarcane management machinery to prune, loosen the stumps, apply fertilizer and cover the soil.

10. The method for promoting low-position germination of ratoon sugarcane according to claim 9, characterized in that: The ratoon sugarcane management machine comprises a frame, a disc cutter, a stubble-leveling mechanism, a stump-loosening mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a soil covering mechanism and a film covering mechanism. The frame is used to support the disc cutter, the stubble-leveling mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism, the watering mechanism and the soil covering mechanism. The disc cutter is installed at the front part below the frame and is used to cut off the sugarcane leaves; The stubble-leveling mechanism is installed behind the disc cutter and is used to cut off the above-ground part of the sugarcane stalks; The stump loosening mechanism comprises a soil loosening plow, which is installed behind the stubble leveling mechanism and is used to loosen the soil of the sugarcane stumps; The fertilization mechanism includes a fertilizer box, a fertilizer dispenser and a fertilizer pipe. The fertilizer box is installed above the frame. One end of the fertilizer dispenser is connected to the fertilizer box and the other end is connected to the fertilizer pipe. The other end of the fertilizer pipe is fixed behind the loosening mechanism. The soil covering mechanism is arranged behind the stump loosening mechanism and is used to add soil to the sugarcane stumps after loosening, fertilizing and watering; The film covering mechanism is arranged behind the stump loosening mechanism and is used for covering the sugarcane stump with film.

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