Method for improving waterlogging resistance of wheat

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural damage prevention, and discloses a method for improving waterlogging damage resistance of wheat, which comprises the following steps: step 1, applying 60-100kg of novel fertilizer per mu, the novel fertilizer comprises 8-12 parts of seaweed oligosaccharide, 30-40 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 10-12 parts of calcium silicate, 10-12 parts of compound amino acid, 8-10 parts of silicon dioxide, 8-10 parts of magnesium oxide and 4-8 parts of a microbial agent. Step 2, spraying seaweed oligosaccharide on leaf surfaces in the tillering stage of wheat, wherein 50ml or more 100mg / kg of seaweed oligosaccharide is applied per mu; step 3, spraying seaweed oligosaccharide on leaf surfaces in a wheat jointing stage, wherein 50ml or more than 100mg / kg of seaweed oligosaccharide is applied per mu; 4, monopotassium phosphate and mepiquat chloride are sprayed on leaf surfaces every 7-10 days in the heading stage of the wheat, and 150-250 g of monopotassium phosphate and 5-10 g of mepiquat chloride are mixed with 40-80 kg of water to be sprayed per mu; nitrogen fertilizer is additionally applied once in the jointing stage and the heading stage respectively, and 120-180 kg / ha of NH4Cl is applied; the waterlogging resistance of the wheat is successfully improved, the implementation cost is low, the yield under waterlogging is obviously improved, and the application prospect is wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural pest control, and in particular to a method for improving wheat waterlogging resistance. Background Art

[0002] Wheat is a dryland food crop and is particularly sensitive to waterlogging. Waterlogging is the second largest abiotic stress in wheat production after drought stress. About 15-20% of wheat production worldwide is affected by waterlogging each year, and this proportion will continue to rise under the environment of global climate change. Waterlogging will significantly affect wheat growth and yield formation, resulting in a 20-50% reduction in wheat production. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are one of the main winter wheat producing areas in my country and are also the dominant production areas for weak-gluten wheat. This region has a monsoon climate, and heavy spring rainfall leads to frequent waterlogging disasters. In particular, the frequency of waterlogging disasters from March to May in the Jiangnan wheat area along the Yangtze River from 1961 to 2010 was as high as 60%, and more than 50% of spring waterlogging disasters will cause wheat production to decrease. In addition, this region has abundant water systems, high groundwater levels, and farmland soils that are close to saturation for a long time. The farming system in this region is mainly rice and wheat double-cropping. After rice is harvested, the soil texture is heavy and has poor aeration. These factors will lead to the aggravation of waterlogging disasters. Spring with heavy rainfall coincides with the jointing-booting stage of wheat, which is a critical growth period for both vegetative and reproductive growth, with vigorous growth of the aboveground parts and roots. However, waterlogging significantly inhibits the growth of wheat roots, affects the absorption of water and nutrients, is not conducive to tillering and ear formation and floret differentiation, reduces the number of ears and grains per ear, and may cause premature aging after flowering, affecting the formation of thousand-grain weight, resulting in reduced yield and quality.

[0003] Therefore, understanding the impact and physiological mechanism of waterlogging on wheat growth and yield formation, and exploring cultivation measures to alleviate soil waterlogging, are of great significance to stabilizing the safe production of wheat in my country. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned existing problems, the present invention proposes a method for improving wheat resistance to waterlogging through studying the principles of the internal biochemical processes when wheat waterlogging occurs. The method significantly improves the resistance of wheat to waterlogging in southern winter wheat, which is severely affected by waterlogging. In field tests, the yield of wheat treated with the method of the present invention is significantly increased.

[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for improving waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in the south, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1, applying 60-100 kg of new fertilizer per mu, calculated by weight, the new fertilizer includes 8-12 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 30-40 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 10-12 parts of calcium silicate, 10-12 parts of compound amino acids, 8-10 parts of silicon dioxide, 8-10 parts of magnesium oxide and 4-8 parts of microbial agents;

[0007] The complex amino acids include aspartic acid, arginine and threonine;

[0008] The microbial agents include humic acid nitrogen-fixing bacteria, humic acid phosphate-dissolving bacteria, humic acid potassium-dissolving bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and silicate colloidal Bacillus;

[0009] Step 2, spraying seaweed oligosaccharides on the leaves of wheat during the tillering stage, applying 50 ml or more of a 100 mg / kg seaweed oligosaccharide aqueous solution per mu;

[0010] Step 3, spraying seaweed oligosaccharides on the leaves of wheat during the jointing stage, applying 50 ml or more of a 100 mg / kg seaweed oligosaccharide aqueous solution per mu;

[0011] Step 4: Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mepiquat on the leaves every 7-10 days during the heading period of wheat. Apply 150-250g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 5-10g of mepiquat per mu, diluted with 40-80kg of water, and spray.

[0012] The growth cycle of wheat is divided into germination, tillering, jointing, heading, flowering, grain filling and maturity. The germination period is from wheat sowing to germination, which is usually before November; wheat tillering refers to the new buds at the top of the main stem, and the tillering period is usually from early November to mid-December; the jointing period is usually from late February to late March of the following year; the heading period is usually April; the grain filling period of wheat refers to the period when wheat grains begin to fill up. Insufficient water supply will lead to insufficient grain filling and reduced yield of wheat, which is usually in May; and finally enter the maturity period.

[0013] Applying the above-mentioned new fertilizer before wheat sowing can, on the one hand, improve the soil with heavy texture and poor air permeability after rice and wheat are harvested, and can also prevent the damage of soil nutrient structure to waterlogging in advance. On the other hand, and more critically, it can promote the accumulation of seaweed oligosaccharides, amino acids and other substances in the soil. The root system can absorb and utilize seaweed oligosaccharides, amino acids and other substances. The two can play a synergistic role to improve the waterlogging resistance of wheat. The principle may be: regulating the biochemical processes of the root system, such as promoting anaerobic respiration, TCA replenishment process and glycolysis process when waterlogging occurs, to protect the root system.

[0014] Spraying seaweed oligosaccharides on the leaves of wheat during the tillering stage allows the leaves to quickly absorb seaweed oligosaccharides. The present invention finds that after this step, the waterlogging resistance of wheat is significantly improved. The principle may be that: on the one hand, seaweed oligosaccharides accumulate in the leaves, regulate the biochemical processes in the leaves, especially the biochemical processes related to photosynthesis, such as the synthesis of chlorophyll and key carboxylation enzymes such as 1,5-bisphosphate ribulose carboxylase (Rubisco), and increase the CO2 content of the waterlogged leaves. 2 On the one hand, it can improve the conduction and carboxylation capacity; on the other hand, foliar spraying during the tillering stage can help improve the cell viability of the plant, which helps to improve the absorption and bioavailability of the applied drugs by the wheat plants in the subsequent steps, achieving a synergistic effect.

[0015] Spray seaweed oligosaccharides on the leaves during the jointing stage of wheat. The jointing stage (late February to late March of the following year) has entered the early stage of the monsoon rainy season (March-May). Waterlogging occurs mainly in two aspects. One is that part of the root system is submerged in water, making it difficult to carry out aerobic respiration. The other is that waterlogging stress leads to a decrease in nitrogen supply to the leaves. At this time, foliar spraying can make the leaves quickly absorb seaweed oligosaccharides, reverse the relevant biochemical processes, and promote anaerobic respiration. The raw materials of the TCA replenishment mechanism are transported to the roots through the phloem, which can promote anaerobic respiration of the roots and protect the roots. At the same time, it promotes leaf respiration and enhances cell vitality.

[0016] The monsoon rainy season (March-May) also corresponds to the heading period of wheat. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mepiquat (CAS: 24307-26-4) on the leaves every 7-10 days is beneficial to improve resistance to waterlogging. On the one hand, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is quickly absorbed by the leaves, and supplementing potassium helps the CO2 removal of waterlogged leaves. 2 The conduction and carboxylation capabilities are improved, and potassium can also be transported along the phloem to the roots to supplement the potassium content of the roots, improving anaerobic respiration when aerobic respiration is difficult, thereby protecting both the leaves and the roots. On the other hand, mepiquat can promote the absorption and utilization of soil potassium by the roots and protect the roots. Finally, since rainwater in the late monsoon rainy season can easily wash away the drugs on the surface of the leaves and take away the beneficial substances in the root soil, only by repeated spraying every 7-10 days can the above effects be maintained and the wheat's resistance to waterlogging be significantly improved.

[0017] The above method for improving wheat waterlogging resistance is obtained through the principle research of the present invention, and is obtained through a large number of verification tests of the mechanism of action and comparative tests of waterlogging resistance. The key point of improving wheat waterlogging resistance lies in the synergistic effect between the steps. Although each step has a certain effect of improving wheat waterlogging resistance, only by combining steps 1-4 can the effect of significantly improving wheat waterlogging resistance be achieved; each step is indispensable. For example, if the basal fertilizer is not applied during the germination period without the above-mentioned new fertilizer, even if steps 2-4 are performed later, the effect of improving wheat waterlogging resistance will be lost due to the poor soil properties of the root system and the lack of accumulation of seaweed oligosaccharides and amino acids and other substances; for another example, if seaweed oligosaccharides are not sprayed on the leaves during the tillering period of wheat, or other drugs are sprayed on the leaves, the leaves If the photosynthesis and other related biochemical processes are not promoted, it is difficult to reverse the related biochemical processes by spraying again when entering the monsoon rainy season, and it is difficult to play the role of improving the resistance of wheat to waterlogging. For example, if seaweed oligosaccharides are not sprayed on the leaves during the jointing stage of wheat, or other drugs are sprayed on the leaves, the vitality of the leaf cells is reduced, and the absorption and utilization of the drugs are reduced in the next step, it is difficult to play the role of improving the resistance of wheat to waterlogging. For example, if potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mepiquat are not sprayed on the leaves every 7-10 days during the heading stage of wheat, or other drugs are sprayed, during the waterlogging process, there is a lack of potassium supplementation and the role of promoting the absorption of potassium by the root system. The potassium in the root system will be lost as the water is immersed, resulting in root rot and other results. On the other hand, the photosynthesis of the affected leaves will also be significantly inhibited, and the effect of improving the resistance of wheat to waterlogging will be lost. In addition, performing corresponding operations at different growth stages of wheat is also a key point. The biochemical processes and mechanisms of wheat at different growth stages are different, which is also obtained by the present invention through principle research.

[0018] Based on the above principle of improving wheat waterlogging resistance, it can be understood that the method of the present invention has the effect of improving waterlogging resistance for different varieties of winter wheat under southern growth conditions.

[0019] In some embodiments, the degree of polymerization of the seaweed oligosaccharide is 10-50.

[0020] In some embodiments, the active ingredient content of the mepiquat is ≥ 98%.

[0021] In some embodiments, step 3 is: spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mepiquat and sodium ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenyl acetate on the wheat leaves during the heading period, using 150-250g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-10g of mepiquat and 5-10g of sodium ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenyl acetate per acre, mixed with 40-80kg of water for spraying.

[0022] In some embodiments, the chelated iron content of the sodium ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenyl ferric acetate is ≥ 99%, and the iron content is ≥ 6.0%.

[0023] Ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenyl sodium ferric acetate (CAS: 16455-61-1) is also called EDDHA iron or EDDHA-FeNa, with a chelated iron content of ≥99%, an iron content of ≥6.0%, and a pH value between 7.0 and 9.0. The invention finds that spraying EDDHA iron can reduce the number of times of spraying medicine while maintaining the waterlogging resistance of wheat. Its essence is that it can maintain the waterlogging resistance of wheat for a long time. The reason may be that EDDHA iron, in addition to its own effect, can produce a certain chelation effect with mepiquat and intracellular compounds. After being absorbed by leaves, the drug molecules are fixed in leaf cells and root cells, so that the drug can exert its effect for a long time. The invention is particularly suitable for leaf spraying during the monsoon rainy season.

[0024] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of aspartic acid, arginine and threonine is (1-3):(1-3):(1-3).

[0025] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the humic acid nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the humic acid phosphate-dissolving bacteria, the humic acid potassium-dissolving bacteria, the Bacillus subtilis and the silicate colloidal Bacillus is 1:(1-2):(1-2):(2-4):(2-4).

[0026] Furthermore, it also includes: applying nitrogen fertilizer once in the jointing stage and the heading stage, and applying NH 4 Cl120-180kg / ha.

[0027] On the other hand, the present invention provides a use of a novel fertilizer for preparing an agent for improving the waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in the south, wherein the novel fertilizer comprises, by weight, 8-12 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 30-40 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 10-12 parts of calcium silicate, 10-12 parts of compound amino acids, 8-10 parts of silicon dioxide, 8-10 parts of magnesium oxide and 4-8 parts of microbial agents;

[0028] The complex amino acids include aspartic acid, arginine and threonine;

[0029] The microbial agent includes humic acid nitrogen-fixing bacteria, humic acid phosphate-dissolving bacteria, humic acid potassium-dissolving bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and silicate colloidal Bacillus.

[0030] On the other hand, the present invention provides a use of seaweed oligosaccharides for preparing an agent for improving the waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in the south. Seaweed oligosaccharides are sprayed on the leaves of wheat during the tillering and / or jointing stage, with 50 ml or more of a 100 mg / kg seaweed oligosaccharide aqueous solution applied per acre.

[0031] On the other hand, the present invention provides a composition for preparing an agent for improving the waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in the south. The composition includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mepiquat, and the agent for improving the waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in the south is sprayed on the leaves every 7-10 days during the heading period of wheat.

[0032] On the other hand, the present invention provides a use of sodium ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenyl acetate for preparing an agent for prolonging the effect of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mepiquat to improve the waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in the south, characterized in that potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mepiquat and sodium ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenyl acetate are sprayed on the leaves of wheat during the heading period.

[0033] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0034] 1. The present invention proposes a method for improving wheat waterlogging resistance by studying the internal biochemical process principle when wheat waterlogging occurs. The method significantly improves wheat waterlogging resistance for southern winter wheat that is severely affected by waterlogging. In field tests, the yield of wheat treated by the method of the present invention is significantly increased.

[0035] 2. It is found that the key point of improving wheat waterlogging resistance lies in the synergistic effect between the steps. Although each step has a certain effect of improving wheat waterlogging resistance, only by combining steps 1-4 can the effect of significantly improving wheat waterlogging resistance be achieved. Each step is indispensable; in addition, performing corresponding operations at different growth stages of wheat is also a key point. The biochemical processes and mechanisms of wheat at different growth stages are different, which is also obtained through principle research in the present invention;

[0036] 3. The present invention found that spraying EDDHA iron can reduce the number of times of spraying medicine while maintaining the waterlogging resistance of wheat. Its essence is that it can maintain the waterlogging resistance of wheat for a long time. The reason may be that in addition to its own effect, EDDHA iron can produce a certain chelation effect with mepiquat and intracellular compounds. After being absorbed by the leaves, the drug molecules are fixed in the leaf cells and root cells, allowing the drug to exert its effect for a long time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 : A representative picture of a pot in each group in the waterlogging control test;

[0038] Figure 2 : The aboveground, root and plant dry weight measurement results of each group in the waterlogging control experiment;

[0039] Among them, the cultivation methods of the control (C), waterlogging (W), control + treatment (C+K), and waterlogging + treatment (W+K) refer to Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples are reagents and materials available from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

[0041] Example 1: A method for improving wheat waterlogging resistance and waterlogging resistance verification

[0042] The preferred method for improving wheat waterlogging resistance of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0043] Step 1, applying 60 kg of new fertilizer per mu, calculated by weight, the new fertilizer includes 8 parts of seaweed oligosaccharide (polymerization degree of 10-50, purchased from Shanghai Jinhaizao Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd.), 30 parts of humic acid (organic matter content ≥70%, humic acid content ≥10%), 20 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:5:8), 10 parts of calcium silicate, 10 parts of compound amino acid, 8 parts of silicon dioxide, 8 parts of magnesium oxide and 4 parts of microbial agent;

[0044] The composite amino acids include aspartic acid, arginine and threonine; the mass ratio of aspartic acid, arginine and threonine is 3:1:1;

[0045] The microbial agent includes humic acid nitrogen-fixing bacteria, humic acid phosphate-dissolving bacteria, humic acid potassium-dissolving bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and silicate colloid Bacillus; the mass ratio of humic acid nitrogen-fixing bacteria, humic acid phosphate-dissolving bacteria, humic acid potassium-dissolving bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and silicate colloid Bacillus is 1:1.5:1.5:3:3, which is from this research group;

[0046] Step 2, spraying seaweed oligosaccharides on the leaves of wheat during the tillering stage, applying 50 ml of 100 mg / kg seaweed oligosaccharide aqueous solution per mu;

[0047] Step 3, spraying seaweed oligosaccharides on the leaves of wheat during the jointing stage, applying 50 ml of 100 mg / kg seaweed oligosaccharide aqueous solution per mu;

[0048] Step 4, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mepiquat (active ingredient content ≥ 98%) on the leaves every 7 days during the heading period of wheat, applying 150g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 5g mepiquat per mu with 60kg of water for spraying;

[0049] Apply nitrogen fertilizer once in the jointing stage and once in the heading stage, based on the effective ingredient, NH 4 Cl 120-180kg / ha.

[0050] Unless otherwise specified, the above reagents were obtained from commercial sources.

[0051] The root box experiment was conducted in the experimental area of ​​Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and natural precipitation was prevented during the entire growth period of wheat. The inner diameter of the homemade root box is 20cm, 2cm and 32cm in length, width and height. The bottom of the root box has holes, and a removable plexiglass is installed on one side to facilitate observation of root morphology. Select cultivated soil (20cm above the ground surface), naturally air-dry and sieve (1cm aperture), mix with river sand in a ratio of 2:1, and then put into the root box and compact. The main wheat variety in Zhejiang Province, "Zhemai No. 8", was selected. Full and uniform wheat seeds were selected, and the seeds were evenly placed in a culture dish covered with filter paper, cultured in an incubator at about 20°C, and irrigated with deionized water every day. When the buds are 1cm long, select strong seedlings and transplant them into the root box. Transplant one seedling per box, and place the root box with the plexiglass facing downward for cultivation, and shade it with black cloth.

[0052] The experiment set up 4 groups, namely control (C), waterlogging (W), control + treatment (C + K), waterlogging + treatment (W + K), where the cultivation method of the control (C) and waterlogging (W) was to apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 15: 5: 8) before transplanting, and the conversion was based on 60 kg per mu. The cultivation methods of waterlogging + treatment (C + K) and waterlogging + treatment (W + K) were as described in the method at the beginning of this embodiment; the waterlogging treatment was carried out in the 4th and 5th months, and the pot with holes was immersed in a water tank filled with water during the waterlogging treatment, and the liquid level in the water tank was 1-2 cm higher than the soil. The index was measured and sampled on the 10th day of the waterlogging treatment in the 5th month, and then the index was measured and sampled 10 days after the drainage recovery treatment, and three boxes of seedlings were taken for each treatment as three replicates.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a physical picture of a representative pot of each group in the waterlogging control test. It can be seen that compared with the control (C), the waterlogging (W) is obviously more withered and yellow, the stems are thinner and the leaves are smaller; compared with the control + treatment (C + K), the bottom of the waterlogging + treatment (W + K) is slightly withered and yellow, and there is no obvious difference in the rest; compared with waterlogging (W), the stems of the waterlogging + treatment (W + K) are thicker and the leaves are wider, indicating that the treatment method of this embodiment improves the waterlogging resistance of wheat.

[0054] The dry weight of the aboveground part, root system and plant was further measured. The corresponding part of the plant tissue was taken out from the pot, cleaned and baked in an oven at 80℃ until it was completely dried. The mass was weighed and the mean of three replicates was taken for each group. The results are shown in Figure 2As shown; the dry weight of the plant body is mainly composed of organic matter, including proteins, sugars, lipids and nucleic acids. The larger the dry weight, the more biochemical activities. The larger the dry weight under waterlogging, the smaller the impact of waterlogging on wheat. In other words, the higher the waterlogging resistance of wheat. Compared with waterlogging (W), the dry weight of waterlogging + treatment (W + K) was significantly increased, especially the root dry weight increased more significantly. The dry weight of the aboveground part, root and plant increased by 12%, 52% and 22%, respectively, indicating that the treatment method of this embodiment improves the waterlogging resistance of wheat, and improving the waterlogging resistance of wheat is correlated with promoting root growth.

[0055] Further proportion experiments show that the new fertilizer can achieve good results when it includes 8-12 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 30-40 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 10-12 parts of calcium silicate, 10-12 parts of compound amino acids, 8-10 parts of silicon dioxide, 8-10 parts of magnesium oxide and 4-8 parts of microbial agents. Among them, the mass ratio of humic acid nitrogen-fixing fertilizer, humic acid phosphate-dissolving fertilizer, humic acid potassium-dissolving fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis and silicate colloidal Bacillus is 1:(1-2):(1-2):(2-4):(2-4), and the mass ratio of aspartic acid, arginine and threonine in the compound amino acids is (1-3):(1-3):(1-3). For seaweed oligosaccharides, it is best to apply 50ml or more of 100mg / kg seaweed oligosaccharide aqueous solution per mu. It is best to apply 150-250g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 5-10g mepiquat per mu in 40-80kg of water for spraying every 7-10 days during the heading period of wheat; the preferred scheme recorded at the beginning of this embodiment is the most preferred.

[0056] Example 2: Experimental test on the combination of steps of the method for improving wheat waterlogging resistance

[0057] According to Example 1, the method of the present invention improves the waterlogging resistance of wheat. The reason why the present invention proposes a four-step method is that there is a synergistic effect between the steps, and each step is indispensable. Based on theoretical predictions, this embodiment further conducts experimental verification. The control group is treated in the same manner as in Example 1; the first experimental group is based on the treatment method of Example 1, and step 1 is changed to applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:5:8) before transplanting, and the conversion is based on 60 kg per mu; the second experimental group is based on the treatment method of Example 1, and step 2 is changed to spraying an equal amount of water; the third experimental group is based on the treatment method of Example 1, and step 3 is changed to spraying an equal amount of water; the fourth experimental group is based on the treatment method of Example 1, and step 4 is changed to spraying an equal amount of water. A group of blank controls is set up separately, and the treatment method is the same as the waterlogging (W) in Example 1. The waterlogging treatment methods of all groups are the same as in Example 1. The aboveground part, root system and plant dry weight are measured with reference to Example 1, and the mean of three replicates is taken for each group. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0058] Table 1: Dry weight of aboveground part, root system and plant in step combination test (n=3)

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] The results showed that the aboveground part, root system and plant dry weight of the first to fourth experimental groups were not significantly increased compared with the blank control, and only the aboveground part, root system and plant dry weight of the control (Example 1) were significantly increased, indicating that only by simultaneously carrying out the three steps of the method for improving wheat waterlogging resistance of the present invention can the waterlogging resistance of wheat be significantly improved, which verifies that there is a synergistic effect between the steps in the method of the present invention, and each step is indispensable.

[0062] Example 3: Screening test of foliar spraying at the tillering stage

[0063] The method of the present invention sprays seaweed oligosaccharides on the leaves during the tillering stage of wheat, which helps to improve the resistance of wheat to waterlogging. The reason may be that seaweed oligosaccharides accumulate in the leaves, regulate the biochemical processes in the leaves, especially the biochemical processes related to photosynthesis, such as the synthesis of chlorophyll and 1,5-bisphosphate ribulose carboxylase (Rubisco) and other key carboxylation enzymes, so that the CO in the waterlogged leaves is reduced. 2 On the one hand, it can improve the conduction and carboxylation capacity; on the other hand, foliar spraying during the tillering stage can help improve the cell viability of the plant, which helps to improve the absorption and bioavailability of the applied drugs by the wheat plants in the subsequent steps, achieving a synergistic effect.

[0064] In the preliminary test, the present invention conducted screening tests on various leaf spraying methods and verified whether the above-mentioned main purpose can be achieved. The drugs with positive effects in leaf spraying are shown in Table 2, and the drugs are all commercially available drugs. Wheat was cultivated in the manner of Example 1. Since different drugs have different effective dosages, the lowest effective dosage was applied with reference to the instructions of the corresponding drug products. The aboveground part, root system and plant dry weight were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the average of three replicates was taken for each group. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0065] Table 2: Aboveground, root and plant dry weight in screening trials of foliar sprays at the tillering stage (n=3)

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] The results show that the commonly used drugs for promoting cell viability and improving stress resistance cannot play a significant effect in the field of waterlogging control, while the administration of seaweed oligosaccharides has a significant effect on improving wheat waterlogging resistance. This is due to the chemical properties of seaweed oligosaccharides and the biochemical processes of wheat. Although seaweed oligosaccharides and gibberellic acid, brassinolide, etc. all have the effect of promoting cell viability, their core role is to produce a synergistic effect with the treatment of other steps of the present invention.

[0069] Example 4: Screening test of foliar spraying at jointing stage

[0070] The method of the present invention sprays seaweed oligosaccharides on the leaves of wheat during the jointing stage, which helps to improve the waterlogging resistance of wheat. The reason may be that the foliar spraying allows the leaves to quickly absorb the seaweed oligosaccharides, reverses the relevant biochemical process, and promotes the transportation of raw materials of anaerobic respiration and TCA replenishment mechanism to the roots through the phloem, which can promote the anaerobic respiration of the root system and protect the root system. At the same time, it promotes leaf respiration, enhances cell vitality, and helps to improve the absorption and biological utilization of the applied drugs by the wheat plants in the subsequent steps, achieving a synergistic effect.

[0071] In the preliminary test, the present invention conducted screening tests on various leaf spraying methods and verified whether the above-mentioned main purpose can be achieved. The drugs with positive effects in leaf spraying are shown in Table 3, and the drugs are all commercially available drugs. Wheat was cultivated in the manner of Example 1. Since different drugs have different effective dosages, the lowest effective dosage was applied with reference to the instructions of the corresponding drug products. The aboveground part, root system and plant dry weight were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the average of three replicates was taken for each group. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0072] Table 3: Aboveground, root and plant dry weight in screening trials of foliar sprays at the tillering stage (n=3)

[0073] Foliar spraying Aboveground dry weight (g) Root dry weight (g) Plant dry weight (g) Seaweed oligosaccharide (control) 3.5 1.5 5.0 Paclobutrazol 3.0 1.0 4.0 Chlormequat 3.0 1.0 4.0 Water (blank control) 3.0 1.0 4.0

[0074] The results show that the commonly used drugs for promoting cell viability and improving stress resistance cannot play a significant effect in the field of waterlogging control, while the administration of seaweed oligosaccharides has a significant effect on improving wheat waterlogging resistance. This is due to the chemical properties of seaweed oligosaccharides and the biochemical processes of wheat. Although seaweed oligosaccharides and paclobutrazol, chlormequat chloride, etc. all have the effect of promoting cell viability, their core role is to produce a synergistic effect with the treatment of other steps of the present invention.

[0075] Example 5: Screening test of foliar spraying at heading stage

[0076] The method of the present invention comprises spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mepiquat on the leaves every 7-10 days during the heading period of wheat. Repeating the spraying at intervals is to maintain the waterlogging resistance at a high level during the monsoon rainy season. Mepiquat is a growth control agent in agriculture, and its main function is to inhibit the excessive growth of plants. The present invention finds that spraying mepiquat on the leaves after performing steps 1-3 can improve the waterlogging resistance of wheat. The principle may be to promote the absorption and utilization of potassium by the wheat root system. At the same time, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the leaves so that the leaves of the waterlogged wheat can directly absorb potassium, thereby improving the waterlogging resistance.

[0077] In the preliminary test, the present invention conducted screening tests on various foliar spraying methods and verified the wheat waterlogging resistance under different drug administrations. All drugs were commercially available. Wheat was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1, with the same dosage, the only difference being the adjustment of the type of drug administered. The aboveground part, root system and plant dry weight were also measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the average of three replicates was taken for each group. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0078] Table 4: Aboveground, root and plant dry weight in screening trials of foliar sprays at jointing and heading stages (n=3)

[0079]

[0080] The results showed that the effect of spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mepiquat chloride on the leaves according to the method of the present invention was far superior to that of other groups; when only potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaves, the dry weight of the aboveground part increased to a certain extent, but the dry weight of the root system did not increase; when only mepiquat chloride was sprayed on the leaves, the dry weight of the aboveground part did not increase, but the dry weight of the root system increased to a certain extent, which was not conducive to resisting waterlogging; there was no obvious effect when paclobutrazol or potassium phosphite was applied.

[0081] The effect of spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mepiquat at the same time is far greater than that of spraying only one of them, suggesting that there may be a synergistic effect between the two. The most likely possibility is that the simultaneous application of the two can improve the bioavailability of potassium in wheat, which may be related to the mechanism of the potassium action pathway, and this synergistic effect will only occur after steps 1-3, suggesting that seaweed oligosaccharides are involved in the bioavailability pathway of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mepiquat.

[0082] Example 6: Experiment on prolonging waterlogging resistance and improving the duration of action

[0083] Although the solution in the above embodiment can significantly improve the waterlogging resistance of wheat, it is necessary to repeatedly spray the drug during the monsoon rainy season (jointing stage and heading stage). This embodiment attempts to find a solution to prolong its effect time to make the operation easier.

[0084] In order to achieve the above purpose, this embodiment starts with the following ideas: one is to increase the single drug application amount, and the other is to increase other types of drugs; therefore, this embodiment carried out the following experiments: on the basis of the method in Example 1, the first experimental group applied double potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mepiquat; in the second experimental group, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mepiquat and EDDHA iron (chelated iron content ≥99%, iron content ≥6.0%) were sprayed on the leaves during the heading period of wheat, and 150g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g mepiquat and 5g EDDHA iron were added to 60kg of water for spraying per mu of land; the rest were carried out according to Example 1, and the aboveground part, root system and plant dry weight were measured in the manner of Example 1, and the mean of three replicates was taken for each group. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0085] Table 5: Dry weight of aboveground part, root system and plant in the experiment of prolonging waterlogging resistance and improving the duration of action (n=3)

[0086] deal with Aboveground dry weight (g) Root dry weight (g) Plant dry weight (g) Control (Example 1) 3.5 1.5 5.0 The first experimental group 3.2 1.2 4.4 The second experimental group 3.6 1.7 5.3

[0087] The results showed that compared with the control, the first experimental group and the second experimental group both adopted the method of foliar spraying once at the heading stage. The aboveground part, root system and plant dry weight of the first experimental group decreased, and its resistance to waterlogging decreased; the aboveground part, root system and plant dry weight of the second experimental group increased to a certain extent, indicating that its resistance to waterlogging was further improved, and the maintenance time increased to more than 3 times the original.

[0088] From a principle perspective, in addition to its own effects, EDDHA iron can also produce a certain chelation effect with mepiquat and compounds in cells. After being absorbed by the leaves, the drug molecules are fixed in the leaf cells and root cells, allowing the drug to exert its effects for a long time.

[0089] Further proportional tests showed that potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mepiquat and EDDHA iron were sprayed on the leaves during the heading period of wheat. 150-250g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-10g of mepiquat and 5-10g of EDDHA iron were added to 40-80kg of water and sprayed per acre. The application effect was better within the above application range.

[0090] Example 7: Field Trial

[0091] Experts from the Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences conducted a field test on methods to improve wheat resistance to waterlogging. The test site was the Shidaofan wheat planting base in Changshan Township, Wucheng District, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province. The test wheat variety was "Zhemai No. 8". The control group carried out agricultural production operations in the usual way, that is, applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:5:8) before sowing, calculated at 60 kg per mu, and applying nitrogen fertilizer once at the jointing stage and heading stage, calculated in terms of effective ingredients (converted according to the ratio), applying NH 4Cl180kg / ha; The first experimental group was carried out according to the preferred scheme in Example 1; The second experimental group was based on the preferred scheme in Example 1, and step 4 was changed to: Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mepiquat and EDDHA iron (chelated iron content ≥ 99%, iron content ≥ 6.0%) on the leaves of wheat during the heading period, and spray 150g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5g mepiquat and 5g EDDHA iron with 60kg of water per mu. On May 13, 2024, the experimental areas of the control group, the first experimental group and the second experimental group were harvested and weighed simultaneously, and the per mu yield was calculated. The final yield is shown in Table 6.

[0092] Table 6: Field trial yields

[0093] Grouping Yield (catties / mu) Control group 584.7 The first experimental group 745.2 The second experimental group 758.1

[0094] According to meteorological statistics, the total number of rainy days in the base in March and April was 42 days, which caused certain waterlogging damage to wheat and reduced the wheat yield of the control group. The first and second experimental groups significantly improved the waterlogging resistance of wheat and increased wheat yield through the method of the present invention.

[0095] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any equivalent modifications or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in southern China, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, applying 60-100 kg of new fertilizer per mu, calculated by weight, the new fertilizer includes 8-12 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 30-40 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 10-12 parts of calcium silicate, 10-12 parts of compound amino acids, 8-10 parts of silicon dioxide, 8-10 parts of magnesium oxide and 4-8 parts of microbial agents; The complex amino acids include aspartic acid, arginine and threonine; The microbial agents include humic acid nitrogen-fixing bacteria, humic acid phosphate-dissolving bacteria, humic acid potassium-dissolving bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and silicate colloidal Bacillus; Step 2, spraying seaweed oligosaccharides on the leaves of wheat during the tillering stage, applying 50 ml or more of a 100 mg / kg seaweed oligosaccharide aqueous solution per mu; Step 3, spraying seaweed oligosaccharides on the leaves of wheat during the jointing stage, applying 50 ml or more of a 100 mg / kg seaweed oligosaccharide aqueous solution per mu; Step 4: Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mepiquat on the leaves every 7-10 days during the heading period of wheat. Apply 150-250g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 5-10g of mepiquat per mu, diluted with 40-80kg of water, and spray.

2. The method for improving waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in southern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polymerization degree of the seaweed oligosaccharide is 10-50.

3. The method for improving waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in southern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The effective ingredient content of the mepiquat is ≥98%.

4. The method for improving waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in southern China according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 3 is: spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mepiquat and sodium ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenyl ferric acetate on the wheat leaves during the heading period, using 150-250g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-10g mepiquat and 5-10g sodium ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenyl ferric acetate per mu of land and adding 40-80kg of water for spraying.

5. The method for improving waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in southern China as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The chelated iron content of the sodium ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenyl ferric acetate is ≥99%, and the iron content is ≥6.0%.

6. The method for improving waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in southern China according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Also includes: Apply nitrogen fertilizer once during the jointing stage and once during the heading stage, applying 120-180kg / ha of NH4Cl based on the effective ingredient.

7. Use of a novel fertilizer for preparing an agent for improving waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in the south, characterized in that: Calculated by weight, the novel fertilizer includes 8-12 parts of seaweed oligosaccharides, 30-40 parts of humic acid, 20-30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 10-12 parts of calcium silicate, 10-12 parts of compound amino acids, 8-10 parts of silicon dioxide, 8-10 parts of magnesium oxide and 4-8 parts of microbial agents; The complex amino acids include aspartic acid, arginine and threonine; The microbial agent includes humic acid nitrogen-fixing bacteria, humic acid phosphate-dissolving bacteria, humic acid potassium-dissolving bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and silicate colloidal Bacillus.

8. Use of seaweed oligosaccharides for preparing an agent for improving waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in southern China, characterized in that: Spray seaweed oligosaccharides on the leaves during the tillering and / or jointing stage of wheat, and apply 50 ml or more of 100 mg / kg seaweed oligosaccharide aqueous solution per mu.

9. Use of a composition for preparing an agent for improving waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in southern China, characterized in that: The composition comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mepiquat, and the reagent for improving the waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in the south is sprayed on the leaves every 7-10 days during the heading period of wheat.

10. Use of sodium ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenyl ferric acetate for preparing an agent for prolonging the effect of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and mepiquat to improve the waterlogging resistance of winter wheat in the south, characterized in that: Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mepiquat and sodium ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenyl iron acetate on the wheat leaves during the heading period.

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