Method and device for preventing short circuit of proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and device for preventing short circuit of a proton exchange membrane electrolytic bath, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the temperature and performance data of each electrolysis cell in a reference group electrolytic bath in an electrolysis process, and constructing a short circuit risk judgment model for judging the short circuit risk of the electrolysis cells based on a correlation analysis method; based on a short-circuit risk judgment model, judging whether the voltage attenuation rate of each small electrolysis chamber in the test group electrolysis bath is within a first preset range or not; if yes, judging that the short-circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is lower than a threshold; otherwise, carrying out fixed-frequency impedance testing on the corresponding small electrolysis chambers; based on the fixed-frequency impedance test result and a short-circuit risk judgment model, judging whether the resistance of the corresponding small electrolysis chamber is within a second preset range or not; if yes, judging that the short-circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is lower than a threshold; otherwise, judging that the short-circuit risk of the test group electrolytic cell is higher than a threshold. Whether the electrolysis cell has a short circuit risk or not can be monitored, and safe operation of the whole hydrogen production system is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and in particular to a method and a device for preventing a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer from short-circuiting. Background Art

[0002] Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production technology occupies an important position in the hydrogen energy industry due to its high efficiency and clean characteristics. However, with the long-term operation of the electrolyzer, the electrolysis chamber in the stack may short-circuit. In addition, the existing hydrogen production system generally lacks a short-circuit protection mechanism. Once a local short-circuit problem occurs in a chamber, a local hot spot will be generated, aggravating the degradation of the proton membrane, which will make the short-circuit phenomenon of the entire chamber more serious, or cause ignition to cause hydrogen / oxygen combustion, causing the electrolysis efficiency to decrease or even equipment damage, and ultimately leading to serious safety accidents. Ensuring that the electrolysis chamber is safer at work has become an urgent problem to be solved in this field. Therefore, the development of an effective detection method and device for preventing short circuits in electrolysis chambers is of great significance to ensure the safe and stable operation of the electrolysis hydrogen production system.

[0003] Currently, there is no strategy to identify the short-circuit risk of each single electrolysis chamber during operation, thereby giving the system an active shutdown signal to avoid safety accidents. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method to monitor whether there is a short-circuit risk in the online electrolysis chamber to ensure the safe operation of the entire hydrogen production system. Summary of the invention

[0004] Since the membrane electrode is prone to local short circuit risks during the long-term operation of the electrolyzer, the existing technology cannot identify it for the time being. During the preparation of the membrane electrode, the original defects of the proton exchange membrane (locally very thin) and thermal transfer cause membrane damage; during the assembly process, due to the uneven surface of the diffusion layer and uneven assembly pressure, such as the titanium fibers on the diffusion layer piercing the inside of the proton exchange membrane, these problems will damage the proton exchange membrane. It is worth noting that since the hydrogen production proton exchange membrane has a certain thickness, local damage to the membrane electrode cannot be detected by conventional means during a short period of operation without causing a complete short circuit. Since these risks cannot be identified, this will make the local short circuit phenomenon of the entire chamber more serious, or cause ignition phenomenon leading to hydrogen / oxygen combustion, which will eventually lead to serious safety accidents.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a method and device for preventing short circuit of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, and establishes a short circuit risk judgment model of the electrolysis chamber by using the temperature-performance data during the actual operation of the electrolysis chamber; then, a clear shutdown signal is given to the system according to the actual risk level, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the hydrogen production system.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for preventing a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer from short circuiting, comprising:

[0008] The temperature and performance data of each electrolytic chamber in the reference group electrolytic cell during the electrolysis process are obtained, and a short circuit risk judgment model for judging the short circuit risk of the electrolytic chamber is constructed based on the correlation analysis method;

[0009] Based on the short-circuit risk judgment model, determine whether the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolytic cell in the test group electrolytic cell is within the first preset range; if so, determine that the short-circuit risk of the test group electrolytic cell is lower than the threshold; otherwise, perform a fixed-frequency impedance test on the corresponding electrolytic cell;

[0010] Based on the fixed-frequency impedance test results and the short-circuit risk judgment model, it is judged whether the resistance of the corresponding electrolytic chamber is within the second preset range; if so, it is judged that the short-circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is lower than the threshold; otherwise, it is judged that the short-circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is higher than the threshold;

[0011] When the short-circuit risk of the test group's electrolytic cell is higher than the threshold, a feedback signal is given to the control system to shut down the hydrogen production power supply urgently, cut off the electrolysis current, open the exhaust, stop the electrolysis work, and display the serial number of the electrolysis chamber with a short-circuit risk higher than the threshold.

[0012] Furthermore, the obtaining of the temperature and performance data of each electrolytic chamber in the reference group electrolytic cell during the electrolysis process includes:

[0013] Assembling a reference group electrolytic cell having multiple electrolytic chambers, wherein a temperature probe is arranged in the bipolar plate of the reference group electrolytic cell for obtaining the real-time temperature of a single electrolytic chamber; a voltage and resistance port is arranged in the bipolar plate of the electrolytic cell, and a multi-channel recorder is used to obtain the voltage value of each electrolytic chamber, and an impedance tester is used to obtain the resistance value of each electrolytic chamber;

[0014] By controlling the temperature of the deionized water entering the reference group electrolyzer, the electrolysis chamber can be operated at different temperatures, and different hydrogen production currents are provided to the reference group electrolyzer through the hydrogen production power supply.

[0015] Furthermore, the short circuit risk judgment model for judging the short circuit risk of the electrolysis chamber based on the correlation analysis method includes:

[0016] Based on the actual temperature, current, voltage and resistance data of each electrolysis chamber in the reference group electrolysis cell, a reference database of hydrogen production membrane electrode is formed;

[0017] Based on the correlation analysis method, the relationship between temperature, current, voltage and resistance is established, and a short-circuit risk judgment model is constructed to judge the short-circuit risk of the electrolysis chamber.

[0018] Further, judging whether the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolytic chamber in the electrolytic cell of the test group is within a first preset range based on the short-circuit risk judgment model includes:

[0019] Applying a corresponding working current to the electrolytic cell of the test group under normal operating conditions, wherein the electrolytic cell of the test group and the electrolytic cell of the reference group are assembled using the same membrane electrode;

[0020] The temperature probe built into the bipolar plate is used to obtain the real-time temperature of each electrolytic chamber in the electrolytic cell of the test group, and the voltage value of each electrolytic chamber is obtained using a multi-channel voltage recorder;

[0021] The temperature and voltage obtained from the actual test are used as input signals of the short-circuit risk judgment model. The short-circuit risk judgment model outputs the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolysis chamber and determines whether it is within the first preset range.

[0022] Furthermore, the lower limit value of the first preset range corresponding to the electrolysis chamber voltage attenuation rate includes -1mV / h, and the second preset range corresponding to the electrolysis chamber resistance includes 5 to 7mΩ.

[0023] A device for preventing a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer from short circuiting, comprising:

[0024] A model building module is configured to obtain temperature and performance data of each electrolytic chamber in the reference group electrolytic cell during the electrolysis process, and to build a short circuit risk judgment model for judging the short circuit risk of the electrolytic chamber based on a correlation analysis method;

[0025] The first judgment module is configured to judge whether the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolytic cell in the test group electrolytic cell is within a first preset range based on the short-circuit risk judgment model; if so, it is judged that the short-circuit risk of the test group electrolytic cell is lower than a threshold value; otherwise, a fixed-frequency impedance test is performed on the corresponding electrolytic cell;

[0026] The second judgment module is configured to judge whether the resistance of the corresponding electrolytic chamber is within a second preset range based on the fixed-frequency impedance test result and the short-circuit risk judgment model; if so, it is judged that the short-circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is lower than a threshold value; otherwise, it is judged that the short-circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is higher than the threshold value;

[0027] The short-circuit prevention module is configured to, when the short-circuit risk of the test group electrolytic cell is higher than a threshold, provide a feedback signal to the control system, causing an emergency shutdown of the hydrogen production power supply, cutting off the electrolysis current, opening the exhaust, stopping the electrolysis work, and displaying the serial number of the electrolysis chamber where the short-circuit risk is higher than the threshold.

[0028] Furthermore, in the model building module, the temperature and performance data of each electrolytic chamber in the reference group electrolytic cell during the electrolysis process are obtained, including:

[0029] Assembling a reference group electrolytic cell having multiple electrolytic chambers, wherein a temperature probe is arranged in the bipolar plate of the reference group electrolytic cell for obtaining the real-time temperature of a single electrolytic chamber; a voltage and resistance port is arranged in the bipolar plate of the electrolytic cell, and a multi-channel recorder is used to obtain the voltage value of each electrolytic chamber, and an impedance tester is used to obtain the resistance value of each electrolytic chamber;

[0030] By controlling the temperature of the deionized water entering the reference group electrolyzer, the electrolysis chamber can be operated at different temperatures, and different hydrogen production currents are provided to the reference group electrolyzer through the hydrogen production power supply.

[0031] Furthermore, in the model building module, a short circuit risk judgment model for judging the short circuit risk of the electrolysis chamber is constructed based on a correlation analysis method, including:

[0032] Based on the actual temperature, current, voltage and resistance data of each electrolysis chamber in the reference group electrolysis cell, a reference database of hydrogen production membrane electrode is formed;

[0033] Based on the correlation analysis method, the relationship between temperature, current, voltage and resistance is established, and a short-circuit risk judgment model is constructed to judge the short-circuit risk of the electrolysis chamber.

[0034] Furthermore, in the first judgment module, based on the short circuit risk judgment model, judging whether the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolytic chamber in the electrolytic cell of the test group is within a first preset range includes:

[0035] Applying a corresponding working current to the electrolytic cell of the test group under normal operating conditions, wherein the electrolytic cell of the test group and the electrolytic cell of the reference group are assembled using the same membrane electrode;

[0036] The temperature probe built into the bipolar plate is used to obtain the real-time temperature of each electrolytic chamber in the electrolytic cell of the test group, and the voltage value of each electrolytic chamber is obtained using a multi-channel voltage recorder;

[0037] The temperature and voltage obtained from the actual test are used as input signals of the short-circuit risk judgment model. The short-circuit risk judgment model outputs the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolysis chamber and determines whether it is within the first preset range.

[0038] Furthermore, the lower limit value of the first preset range corresponding to the electrolysis chamber voltage attenuation rate includes -1mV / h, and the second preset range corresponding to the electrolysis chamber resistance includes 5 to 7mΩ.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0040] 1. Improve the safety of the hydrogen production system: First, during the operation of the electrolyzer, by real-time monitoring of the performance changes of the electrolysis chamber during the electrolysis process, timely detection and treatment of possible local short circuits can be carried out, which can effectively prevent equipment damage and safety accidents.

[0041] 2. Improve efficiency: Accurately locating the risk of short circuit in the electrolysis chamber helps to quickly troubleshoot, shorten the maintenance time of the electrolysis hydrogen production system, and improve overall efficiency.

[0042] 3. Reduce costs: It can reduce downtime and maintenance costs caused by equipment failure and reduce overall operating costs.

[0043] 4. Prediction of equipment life: By real-time monitoring of the voltage attenuation rate and high-frequency impedance value of the electrolysis chamber during the electrolysis process, the expected operating life of the electrolysis chamber can be effectively predicted.

[0044] In summary, the present invention monitors the performance of each electrolysis chamber during operation, establishes a model for determining whether there is a risk of local short circuit in the electrolysis chamber, and uses the risk level output by the model to control the operation of the electrolysis system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for preventing a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer from short circuiting according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a method for preventing a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer from short circuiting according to Example 2 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a testing device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 4 It is a curve diagram of the voltage attenuation rate of the 4th electrolysis chamber in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are now described. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention, that is, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for preventing a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer from short circuiting, comprising:

[0052] The temperature and performance data of each electrolytic chamber in the reference group electrolytic cell during the electrolysis process are obtained, and a short circuit risk judgment model for judging the short circuit risk of the electrolytic chamber is constructed based on the correlation analysis method;

[0053] Based on the short-circuit risk judgment model, determine whether the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolytic cell in the test group electrolytic cell is within the first preset range; if so, determine that the short-circuit risk of the test group electrolytic cell is lower than the threshold; otherwise, perform a fixed-frequency impedance test on the corresponding electrolytic cell;

[0054] Based on the fixed-frequency impedance test results and the short-circuit risk judgment model, it is judged whether the resistance of the corresponding electrolytic chamber is within the second preset range; if so, it is judged that the short-circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is lower than the threshold; otherwise, it is judged that the short-circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is higher than the threshold;

[0055] When the short-circuit risk of the test group's electrolytic cell is higher than the threshold, a feedback signal is given to the control system to shut down the hydrogen production power supply urgently, cut off the electrolysis current, open the exhaust, stop the electrolysis work, and display the serial number of the electrolysis chamber with a short-circuit risk higher than the threshold.

[0056] Preferably, obtaining the temperature and performance data of each electrolytic chamber in the reference group electrolytic cell during the electrolysis process includes:

[0057] Assemble a reference group electrolytic cell with multiple electrolytic chambers, wherein a temperature probe is arranged in the bipolar plate of the reference group electrolytic cell to obtain the real-time temperature of a single electrolytic chamber; a voltage and resistance port is arranged in the bipolar plate of the electrolytic cell, and a multi-channel recorder is used to obtain the voltage value of each electrolytic chamber, and an impedance tester is used to obtain the resistance value of each electrolytic chamber;

[0058] By controlling the temperature of the deionized water entering the reference group electrolyzer, the electrolysis chamber can be operated at different temperatures, and different hydrogen production currents are provided to the reference group electrolyzer through the hydrogen production power supply.

[0059] More preferably, the temperature range of deionized water is 10-90° C., and the hydrogen production current range is 20-3000A.

[0060] Preferably, a short circuit risk judgment model for judging the short circuit risk of the electrolysis chamber is constructed based on the correlation analysis method, including:

[0061] Based on the actual temperature, current, voltage and resistance data of each electrolysis chamber in the reference group electrolysis cell, a reference database of hydrogen production membrane electrode is formed;

[0062] Based on the correlation analysis method (mainly based on the following two formulas), the relationship between temperature, current, voltage and resistance is established, and a short-circuit risk judgment model is constructed to judge the short-circuit risk of the electrolysis chamber.

[0063] E cell = E N + i ×[R (bpp|PTL) + R (PTL|CL) + R (ccm) ] (1)

[0064] Among them, E cell is the actual electrolysis voltage of the electrolytic cell, E N is the theoretical electrolysis voltage of the electrolytic cell, i is the actual electrolysis current of the electrolytic cell, R (bpp|PTL) is the resistance between the bipolar plate and the diffusion layer, R (PTL|CL) is the resistance between the diffusion layer and the catalytic layer, R (ccm) is the catalyst coating membrane resistance.

[0065] E N = -ΔG 0 / 2F + (RT / 2F)ln[(P H2 / P O ) × P O2 / P o ] (2)

[0066] Among them, ΔG 0 is the standard Gibbs free energy for water electrolysis, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature, F is the Faraday constant, P H2 is the actual hydrogen partial pressure, P O2 is the actual oxygen partial pressure, P O To balance the air pressure.

[0067] Preferably, based on the short circuit risk judgment model, judging whether the voltage decay rate of each electrolytic chamber in the electrolytic cell of the test group is within a first preset range includes:

[0068] A corresponding working current is applied to the electrolyzer of the test group under normal operating conditions. The electrolyzer of the test group and the electrolyzer of the reference group are assembled using the same membrane electrode;

[0069] The temperature probe built into the bipolar plate is used to obtain the real-time temperature of each electrolytic chamber in the electrolytic cell of the test group, and the voltage value of each electrolytic chamber is obtained using a multi-channel voltage recorder;

[0070] The temperature and voltage obtained from the actual test are used as input signals of the short-circuit risk judgment model. The short-circuit risk judgment model outputs the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolysis chamber and determines whether it is within the first preset range.

[0071] More preferably, the lower limit of the first preset range corresponding to the electrolysis chamber voltage attenuation rate is -1 mV / h, and the second preset range corresponding to the electrolysis chamber resistance is 5 to 7 mΩ.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] This embodiment is based on embodiment 1:

[0074] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for preventing a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer from short circuiting, comprising the following steps:

[0075] S1: Assemble a PEM electrolyzer consisting of 10 electrolysis chambers as follows: Figure 3 Connect the corresponding signal test wires as shown in the device schematic diagram.

[0076] S2: Set the temperature of the electrolytic cell to 60°C, turn on the electrolytic cell, set the constant current density to 3A cm-2, monitor the voltage, temperature and other performance of each chamber of the electrolytic cell, and use it as the input signal of the model.

[0077] S3: The model first determines whether the real-time voltage decay rate meets the requirements? Figure 4 As shown, for the 4th chamber of the electrolytic cell, before 600 hours, the voltage decay rate of the electrolytic cell was unstable, with occasional voltage increases and occasional decreases due to oxidation of the gas diffusion layer, thinning of the proton exchange membrane, activation and dissolution of the catalyst, etc. However, in the 600h-650h period, under the condition of unchanged external conditions, the voltage of the electrolytic cell continued to decrease, and the voltage decay rate reached -1mV / h, reaching the lower limit of the voltage decay rate, thereby determining that the voltage decay rate of this electrolytic chamber was not within the normal range.

[0078] S4: The system shows a medium risk level, and immediately conducts a fixed-frequency impedance test on the 4th chamber. Its high-frequency resistance is only 3mΩ, while the normal range is 6±1mΩ. The actual resistance data of the electrolytic chamber of the electrolyzer is not within the preset range. The system shows that the 4th chamber has a high risk level of short circuit, and immediately feeds back the signal to the control system. The hydrogen production power supply is shut down urgently, the electrolysis current is cut off, the exhaust is turned on, and the system stops working.

[0079] S5: After investigation, it was found that the titanium diffusion layer used in the fourth chamber had obvious signs of over-oxidation. When the membrane electrode of the electrolysis chamber was magnified 100 times under an optical microscope, it had obvious perforation problems. These indicate that this electrolysis chamber has the hidden danger of local short circuit. Power off and shutdown can effectively prevent equipment damage and safety accidents.

[0080] S6: After replacing the problematic electrolytic chamber, the electrolytic cell restarted normally.

[0081] Example 3

[0082] This embodiment provides a device for preventing a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer from short circuiting, comprising:

[0083] A model building module is configured to obtain temperature and performance data of each electrolytic chamber in the reference group electrolytic cell during the electrolysis process, and to build a short circuit risk judgment model for judging the short circuit risk of the electrolytic chamber based on a correlation analysis method;

[0084] The first judgment module is configured to judge whether the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolytic cell in the test group electrolytic cell is within a first preset range based on the short-circuit risk judgment model; if so, it is judged that the short-circuit risk of the test group electrolytic cell is lower than a threshold value; otherwise, a fixed-frequency impedance test is performed on the corresponding electrolytic cell;

[0085] The second judgment module is configured to judge whether the resistance of the corresponding electrolytic chamber is within a second preset range based on the fixed-frequency impedance test result and the short-circuit risk judgment model; if so, it is judged that the short-circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is lower than a threshold value; otherwise, it is judged that the short-circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is higher than the threshold value;

[0086] The short-circuit prevention module is configured to, when the short-circuit risk of the test group electrolytic cell is higher than a threshold, provide a feedback signal to the control system, causing an emergency shutdown of the hydrogen production power supply, cutting off the electrolysis current, opening the exhaust, stopping the electrolysis work, and displaying the serial number of the electrolysis chamber where the short-circuit risk is higher than the threshold.

[0087] Preferably, in the model building module, obtaining the temperature and performance data of each electrolytic chamber in the reference group electrolytic cell during the electrolysis process includes:

[0088] Assemble a reference group electrolytic cell with multiple electrolytic chambers, wherein a temperature probe is arranged in the bipolar plate of the reference group electrolytic cell to obtain the real-time temperature of a single electrolytic chamber; a voltage and resistance port is arranged in the bipolar plate of the electrolytic cell, and a multi-channel recorder is used to obtain the voltage value of each electrolytic chamber, and an impedance tester is used to obtain the resistance value of each electrolytic chamber;

[0089] By controlling the temperature of the deionized water entering the reference group electrolyzer, the electrolysis chamber can be operated at different temperatures, and different hydrogen production currents are provided to the reference group electrolyzer through the hydrogen production power supply.

[0090] Preferably, in the model building module, a short circuit risk judgment model for judging the short circuit risk of the electrolysis chamber is constructed based on a correlation analysis method, including:

[0091] Based on the actual temperature, current, voltage and resistance data of each electrolysis chamber in the reference group electrolysis cell, a reference database of hydrogen production membrane electrode is formed;

[0092] Based on the correlation analysis method, the relationship between temperature, current, voltage and resistance is established, and a short-circuit risk judgment model is constructed to judge the short-circuit risk of the electrolysis chamber.

[0093] Preferably, in the first judgment module, based on the short circuit risk judgment model, judging whether the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolytic chamber in the electrolytic cell of the test group is within a first preset range includes:

[0094] A corresponding working current is applied to the electrolyzer of the test group under normal operating conditions. The electrolyzer of the test group and the electrolyzer of the reference group are assembled using the same membrane electrode;

[0095] The temperature probe built into the bipolar plate is used to obtain the real-time temperature of each electrolytic chamber in the electrolytic cell of the test group, and the voltage value of each electrolytic chamber is obtained using a multi-channel voltage recorder;

[0096] The temperature and voltage obtained from the actual test are used as input signals of the short-circuit risk judgment model. The short-circuit risk judgment model outputs the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolysis chamber and determines whether it is within the first preset range.

[0097] Preferably, the lower limit value of the first preset range corresponding to the electrolysis chamber voltage attenuation rate includes -1mV / h, and the second preset range corresponding to the electrolysis chamber resistance includes 5 to 7mΩ.

[0098] It should be noted that, for the aforementioned method embodiment, for the sake of convenience of description, it is expressed as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should be aware that the present application is not limited by the described order of actions, because according to the present application, certain steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish descriptions and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

Claims

1. A method for preventing a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer from short circuiting, characterized in that: include: The temperature and performance data of each electrolytic chamber in the reference group electrolytic cell during the electrolysis process are obtained, and a short circuit risk judgment model for judging the short circuit risk of the electrolytic chamber is constructed based on the correlation analysis method; Based on the short-circuit risk judgment model, determine whether the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolytic chamber in the electrolytic cell of the test group is within a first preset range; If yes, the short circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is judged to be lower than the threshold value; otherwise, a fixed frequency impedance test is performed on the corresponding electrolytic cell; Based on the fixed-frequency impedance test results and the short-circuit risk judgment model, it is judged whether the resistance of the corresponding electrolytic chamber is within the second preset range; if so, it is judged that the short-circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is lower than the threshold value; Otherwise, it is judged that the short circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is higher than the threshold; When the short-circuit risk of the test group's electrolytic cell is higher than the threshold, a feedback signal is given to the control system to shut down the hydrogen production power supply urgently, cut off the electrolysis current, open the exhaust, stop the electrolysis work, and display the serial number of the electrolysis chamber with a short-circuit risk higher than the threshold.

2. A method for preventing a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer from short circuiting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the temperature and performance data of each electrolytic chamber in the electrolytic cell of the reference group during the electrolysis process includes: Assembling a reference group electrolytic cell having multiple electrolytic chambers, wherein a temperature probe is arranged in the bipolar plate of the reference group electrolytic cell for obtaining the real-time temperature of a single electrolytic chamber; a voltage and resistance port is arranged in the bipolar plate of the electrolytic cell, and a multi-channel recorder is used to obtain the voltage value of each electrolytic chamber, and an impedance tester is used to obtain the resistance value of each electrolytic chamber; By controlling the temperature of the deionized water entering the reference group electrolyzer, the electrolysis chamber can be operated at different temperatures, and different hydrogen production currents are provided to the reference group electrolyzer through the hydrogen production power supply.

3. A method for preventing a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer from short circuiting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The short circuit risk judgment model for judging the short circuit risk of the electrolysis chamber based on the correlation analysis method includes: Based on the actual temperature, current, voltage and resistance data of each electrolysis chamber in the reference group electrolysis cell, a reference database of hydrogen production membrane electrode is formed; Based on the correlation analysis method, the relationship between temperature, current, voltage and resistance is established, and a short-circuit risk judgment model is constructed to judge the short-circuit risk of the electrolysis chamber.

4. A method for preventing a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer from short circuiting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The short-circuit risk judgment model is used to judge whether the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolytic cell in the test group electrolytic cell is within a first preset range, including: Applying a corresponding working current to the electrolytic cell of the test group under normal operating conditions, wherein the electrolytic cell of the test group and the electrolytic cell of the reference group are assembled using the same membrane electrode; The temperature probe built into the bipolar plate is used to obtain the real-time temperature of each electrolytic chamber in the electrolytic cell of the test group, and the voltage value of each electrolytic chamber is obtained using a multi-channel voltage recorder; The temperature and voltage obtained from the actual test are used as input signals of the short-circuit risk judgment model. The short-circuit risk judgment model outputs the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolysis chamber and determines whether it is within the first preset range.

5. A method for preventing a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer from short circuiting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower limit value of the first preset range corresponding to the electrolysis chamber voltage attenuation rate includes -1mV / h, and the second preset range corresponding to the electrolysis chamber resistance includes 5 to 7mΩ.

6. A device for preventing short circuit of a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, characterized in that: include: A model building module is configured to obtain temperature and performance data of each electrolytic chamber in the reference group electrolytic cell during the electrolysis process, and to build a short circuit risk judgment model for judging the short circuit risk of the electrolytic chamber based on a correlation analysis method; A first judgment module is configured to judge whether the voltage decay rate of each electrolytic chamber in the electrolytic cell of the test group is within a first preset range based on the short circuit risk judgment model; If yes, the short circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is judged to be lower than the threshold value; otherwise, a fixed frequency impedance test is performed on the corresponding electrolytic cell; The second judgment module is configured to judge whether the resistance of the corresponding electrolytic chamber is within a second preset range based on the fixed-frequency impedance test result and the short-circuit risk judgment model; if so, it is judged that the short-circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is lower than a threshold value; Otherwise, it is judged that the short circuit risk of the electrolytic cell of the test group is higher than the threshold; The short-circuit prevention module is configured to, when the short-circuit risk of the test group electrolytic cell is higher than a threshold, provide a feedback signal to the control system, causing an emergency shutdown of the hydrogen production power supply, cutting off the electrolysis current, opening the exhaust, stopping the electrolysis work, and displaying the serial number of the electrolysis chamber where the short-circuit risk is higher than the threshold.

7. The device for preventing short circuit of a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the model building module, the temperature and performance data of each electrolytic chamber in the reference group electrolytic cell during the electrolysis process are obtained, including: Assembling a reference group electrolytic cell having multiple electrolytic chambers, wherein a temperature probe is arranged in the bipolar plate of the reference group electrolytic cell for obtaining the real-time temperature of a single electrolytic chamber; a voltage and resistance port is arranged in the bipolar plate of the electrolytic cell, and a multi-channel recorder is used to obtain the voltage value of each electrolytic chamber, and an impedance tester is used to obtain the resistance value of each electrolytic chamber; By controlling the temperature of the deionized water entering the reference group electrolyzer, the electrolysis chamber can be operated at different temperatures, and different hydrogen production currents are provided to the reference group electrolyzer through the hydrogen production power supply.

8. The device for preventing short circuit of a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the model building module, a short circuit risk judgment model for judging the short circuit risk of the electrolysis chamber is constructed based on a correlation analysis method, including: Based on the actual temperature, current, voltage and resistance data of each electrolysis chamber in the reference group electrolysis cell, a reference database of hydrogen production membrane electrode is formed; Based on the correlation analysis method, the relationship between temperature, current, voltage and resistance is established, and a short-circuit risk judgment model is constructed to judge the short-circuit risk of the electrolysis chamber.

9. The device for preventing short circuit of a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the first judgment module, based on the short circuit risk judgment model, judging whether the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolytic chamber in the electrolytic cell of the test group is within a first preset range includes: Applying a corresponding working current to the electrolytic cell of the test group under normal operating conditions, wherein the electrolytic cell of the test group and the electrolytic cell of the reference group are assembled using the same membrane electrode; The temperature probe built into the bipolar plate is used to obtain the real-time temperature of each electrolytic chamber in the electrolytic cell of the test group, and the voltage value of each electrolytic chamber is obtained using a multi-channel voltage recorder; The temperature and voltage obtained from the actual test are used as input signals of the short-circuit risk judgment model. The short-circuit risk judgment model outputs the voltage attenuation rate of each electrolysis chamber and determines whether it is within the first preset range.

10. The device for preventing short circuit of a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lower limit value of the first preset range corresponding to the electrolysis chamber voltage attenuation rate includes -1mV / h, and the second preset range corresponding to the electrolysis chamber resistance includes 5 to 7mΩ.

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