Intelligent electromagnetic interference protection system for power supply module

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent electromagnetic interference protection system for a power supply module, and the system comprises an electromagnetic interference detection module which is configured to deploy at least one type of electromagnetic interference sensor at the internal and peripheral preset positions of the power supply module, the acquisition module is used for acquiring electromagnetic interference signals received by the power supply module in a working process and running state parameters of the power supply module in real time; the intelligent control module is configured to input the characteristic parameters of the electromagnetic interference signals extracted by the electromagnetic interference detection module into a trained intelligent control model so as to identify different types of electromagnetic interferences; the filtering module is configured to customize a reconfigurable filtering network; the shielding module is configured to be of a multi-layer shielding structure; and the communication and monitoring module is configured for data interaction between the power supply module and external equipment. According to the system provided by the invention, the stability and the anti-interference performance of the power supply module in a complex electromagnetic environment can be effectively improved, and the reliability and the stability of the power supply module are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to the field of magnetic variable monitoring technology. More specifically, the present invention relates to an intelligent electromagnetic interference protection system for a power module. Background Art

[0002] In modern electronic devices, the performance of the power module plays a vital role in the stability and reliability of the entire system. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) refers to any electromagnetic phenomenon that occurs in the conduction or electromagnetic field accompanied by voltage and current, which will reduce the performance of a device, equipment or system or may have adverse effects on organisms or substances. Different application scenarios, such as industrial control, communication base stations, medical equipment, consumer electronics, etc., have very different electromagnetic environments. From industrial environments with strong interference to medical environments with extremely high requirements for electromagnetic compatibility, they all face electromagnetic interference problems.

[0003] Power modules often face electromagnetic interference problems during operation. These problems mainly come from noise and spikes caused by switch tube junction capacitance, transformer leakage inductance, etc. These interferences not only affect the stability of the module itself, but may also propagate through the power line and interfere with external devices. Although measures such as adding filter circuits and magnetic beads have been taken to suppress interference, the actual effect is not always ideal. For example, improper filter circuit design or unreasonable PCB layout may lead to poor electromagnetic interference suppression. Therefore, the electromagnetic interference problem of power modules is a complex challenge that requires comprehensive consideration of multiple factors such as design, materials and layout.

[0004] In view of this, there is an urgent need to provide an intelligent electromagnetic interference protection system for a power module, so as to provide multi-level electromagnetic interference protection for the power module according to the characteristics of different electromagnetic environments. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to at least solve one or more of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention proposes an intelligent electromagnetic interference protection system for a power module in multiple aspects.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent electromagnetic interference protection system for a power module, comprising: an electromagnetic interference detection module: configured to deploy at least one type of electromagnetic interference sensor at a preset position inside and around the power module to collect in real time the electromagnetic interference signal received by the power module during operation and its own operating state parameters; and using a microprocessor configured in the electromagnetic interference detection module to pre-process the raw data collected by the electromagnetic interference sensor to extract characteristic parameters of the electromagnetic interference signal; wherein the electromagnetic interference sensor includes an electric field sensor, a magnetic field sensor, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor or a humidity sensor;

[0007] Intelligent control module: configured to input the characteristic parameters of the electromagnetic interference signal extracted by the electromagnetic interference detection module into the trained intelligent control model to identify different types of electromagnetic interference; and to perform graded evaluation according to the severity of the interference; and to formulate corresponding protection decisions and control strategies according to the identification results and graded evaluation of the electromagnetic interference;

[0008] Filter module: configured as a customized reconfigurable filter network, the reconfigurable filter network is composed of one or more filter sub-circuit units of different types and parameters; the filter sub-circuit units are combined and switched in real time through the control signal of the intelligent control module to adapt to electromagnetic interference of different types and frequency ranges; the filter module is also configured with an adaptive filtering algorithm to dynamically adjust the parameters of the filter network according to the interference signal characteristics fed back in real time by the electromagnetic interference detection module;

[0009] Shielding module: configured as a multi-layer shielding structure, including an internal shielding layer, an intermediate shielding layer and an external shielding layer; and the shielding module is connected to the intelligent control module, and according to the detection results of electromagnetic interference and the protection requirements, the intelligent control module dynamically adjusts the working state of the shielding module;

[0010] Communication and monitoring module: configured for data interaction between the power module and external devices, including transmitting electromagnetic interference detection data, power module working status parameters and protection strategy information generated by the intelligent control module to the host computer or monitoring system, and receiving control instructions and configuration parameters from external devices; and by setting thresholds and early warning mechanisms, issuing a fault warning signal when it is detected that the performance indicator parameters of the power module are abnormal or the electromagnetic interference exceeds the preset safety range.

[0011] In some embodiments, at least one type of electromagnetic interference sensor is deployed at preset positions inside and around the power module, including: a sensor array with a three-dimensional spatial layout to capture spatial distribution information of electromagnetic interference; the sensor array includes different types of electromagnetic interference sensors arranged above, below and around the PCB board of the power module.

[0012] In some embodiments, before deploying at least one type of electromagnetic interference sensor at preset positions inside and around the power module, it also includes: using a standard electromagnetic interference source and a signal generator with known parameters to calibrate each sensor, record and correct the deviation value of the sensor; and a built-in self-diagnosis model in the electromagnetic interference detection module to monitor the working status of the sensor in real time, wherein the working status includes whether the output signal of the sensor is normal and whether there is an open circuit or short circuit fault.

[0013] In some embodiments, the steps of constructing the intelligent control model include: fusing a convolutional neural network and a recurrent neural network to obtain a hybrid neural network architecture; using the hybrid neural network architecture to extract the spatial characteristics of the electromagnetic interference signal and the timing characteristics of the electromagnetic interference signal; identifying the type of the electromagnetic interference signal based on the spatial characteristics and the timing characteristics; performing a graded assessment of the severity of the electromagnetic interference based on the type of the electromagnetic interference signal; and formulating corresponding protection decisions and control strategies based on the identified type and graded assessment of the electromagnetic interference.

[0014] In some embodiments, the filter sub-circuit units are combined and switched in real time through the control signal of the intelligent control module to adapt to electromagnetic interference of different types and frequency ranges, including: an intelligent switching element is configured between each filter sub-circuit unit and the input and output ends of the power module; the intelligent switching element is controlled by the intelligent control module to have its on and off states to achieve real-time combination and switching of different filter sub-circuit units.

[0015] In some embodiments, the multi-layer shielding structure is a structure of each layer of the shielding module constructed using gradient functional materials, and an intelligent structural design is configured in the multi-layer shielding structure, and the intelligent structural design enables the shielding layer to automatically adjust its shielding performance according to the intensity and frequency of the electromagnetic interference; wherein the gradient functional material includes: the inner shielding layer is made of soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability and low electrical conductivity, the middle shielding layer is made of a composite material with both magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, and the outer shielding layer is made of high conductivity and high strength metal material; and micro sensors and actuators are integrated in the shielding layer to monitor the frequency, amplitude and direction of electromagnetic interference in real time, and transmit data to the intelligent control module, and control the actuator to dynamically adjust the electromagnetic parameters of the shielding layer by receiving the shielding strategy feedback from the intelligent control module.

[0016] In some embodiments, the communication and monitoring module also includes an intelligent monitoring and analysis unit, which is used to: establish a big data analysis platform to store, manage and analyze the collected electromagnetic interference data, power module working status data and environmental monitoring data in real time; use data mining and machine learning algorithms to mine and analyze historical data to establish an electromagnetic interference prediction model and a power module fault warning model, wherein the electromagnetic interference prediction model is used to predict the type and intensity of electromagnetic interference, and the power module fault warning model is used to warn of power failure.

[0017] In some embodiments, the communication and monitoring module also includes: automatically selecting and adjusting the communication protocol used according to different communication objects and network environments, wherein when communicating with the electromagnetic interference detection module and the internal modules of the intelligent control module, a customized high-speed, low-latency protocol is used. The high-speed, low-latency protocol is optimized and generated according to the characteristics of data transmission between internal modules to reduce protocol overhead.

[0018] Through the intelligent electromagnetic interference protection system for power modules provided above, the embodiment of the present invention obtains characteristic parameters of electromagnetic interference signals through electromagnetic interference sensors deployed in electronic interference detection modules. This ensures that electromagnetic interference signals of various frequencies and amplitudes can be accurately captured, and the characteristic parameters will be used as an important basis for subsequent artificial intelligence algorithms to identify interference types and formulate protection strategies.

[0019] Furthermore, by constructing and training an intelligent control model in the intelligent control module, the type of electromagnetic interference and the evaluation of the interference degree can be identified, the complex mapping relationship between electromagnetic interference characteristics and interference types can be automatically learned, and the newly input interference data can be quickly and accurately classified and identified.

[0020] Furthermore, the reconfigurable filter network constructed by the filter module can flexibly combine and switch the filter subcircuits through the control signal of the intelligent control module to adapt to electromagnetic interference of different types and frequency ranges. The filtering method combining software and hardware greatly improves the adaptability of the filter module to complex and changeable electromagnetic interference.

[0021] Furthermore, a complete shielding system is formed between each shielding layer through the shielding module to ensure that the electromagnetic interference is attenuated to the maximum extent during the propagation process. The shielding module is connected to the intelligent control module, and the intelligent control module can dynamically adjust the working state of the shielding module according to the detection results of the electromagnetic interference and the protection requirements.

[0022] Furthermore, through the configured communication and monitoring module, the performance indicators of the power module are monitored in real time. Users can obtain information such as the electromagnetic interference protection and working status of the power module anytime and anywhere through the host computer or mobile terminal, and remotely control and adjust the parameters of the power module. This not only facilitates the maintenance and management of the equipment, but also can timely discover potential electromagnetic interference problems and take corresponding measures, thereby improving the operation and maintenance efficiency and reliability of the entire electronic system.

[0023] Therefore, the electromagnetic interference detection module, intelligent control module, filtering module, shielding module, communication and monitoring module, etc. configured by the embodiment of the present invention. Each module can work together, and perform data processing and decision analysis through artificial intelligence algorithms. The power module can automatically identify electromagnetic interference of different types and intensities, and comprehensively consider the characteristics of the electromagnetic interference itself and the working state of the power module, environmental factors and other factors to generate the optimal protection strategy in real time. The intelligent adaptive protection capability provided enables the power module to no longer rely on fixed protection parameters and modes when facing a complex and changeable electromagnetic environment. Therefore, the multi-factor comprehensive consideration method adopted by the present invention can more comprehensively evaluate the impact of electromagnetic interference on the power module, make the protection strategy more accurate and reasonable, effectively improve the protection effect, and reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference on the performance of the power module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] By reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily understood. In the accompanying drawings, several embodiments of the present invention are shown in an exemplary and non-limiting manner, and the same or corresponding reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts, wherein:

[0025] Figure 1 An exemplary structural block diagram of an intelligent electromagnetic interference protection system for a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0026] Figure 2 An exemplary structural block diagram of an electromagnetic interference detection module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0027] Figure 3 An exemplary structural block diagram of an intelligent control module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0028] Figure 4 An exemplary structural block diagram of a filtering module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0029] Figure 5 An exemplary structural block diagram of a shielding module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; and

[0030] Figure 6An exemplary structural block diagram of the communication and monitoring module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 An exemplary structural block diagram of an intelligent electromagnetic interference protection system for a power module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, in the intelligent electromagnetic interference protection system, the configuration includes an electromagnetic interference detection module 101, an intelligent control module 102, a filtering module 103, a shielding module 104, and a communication and monitoring module 105. Among them, the electromagnetic interference detection module 101 is responsible for collecting various electromagnetic interference related data, and performing preprocessing and feature extraction, and then transmitting the data to the intelligent control module. The intelligent control module 102 uses an artificial intelligence algorithm to analyze the received data, generates corresponding protection decisions and control strategies, and sends control instructions to the filtering module, the shielding module, etc. At the same time, the module also performs functions such as self-learning and fault diagnosis, and interacts with the communication and monitoring module. According to the instructions of the intelligent control module, the filtering module 103 switches and combines different filtering sub-circuit units through intelligent switching elements, and uses an adaptive filtering algorithm to filter the power supply signal, and at the same time feeds back its own state to the intelligent control module and the communication and monitoring module. The shielding module 104 uses a multi-layer shielding structure and an intelligent shielding control strategy to perform electromagnetic shielding protection on the power module, monitor the integrity of the shielding, and feed back the shielding state to the intelligent control module for adjustment. The communication and monitoring module 105 realizes multi-modal communication with external devices, performs intelligent monitoring and analysis on various data of the power module, ensures the security and reliability of communication, and performs data storage and management.

[0035] The modules of the protection system cooperate with each other and exchange data, together forming a complete power module system with multi-level electromagnetic interference protection capabilities.

[0036] Specifically, each module is described below.

[0037] Figure 2 An exemplary structural block diagram of an electromagnetic interference detection module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0038] In the electromagnetic interference detection module 101, it is configured to deploy at least one type of electromagnetic interference sensor at a preset position inside and around the power module 10, so as to collect in real time the electromagnetic interference signal received by the power module during operation and its own operating status parameters; and use the microprocessor 10107 configured in the electromagnetic interference detection module to pre-process the raw data collected by the electromagnetic interference sensor to extract the characteristic parameters of the electromagnetic interference signal; wherein the electromagnetic interference sensor includes an electric field sensor 10101, a magnetic field sensor 10102, a current sensor 10103, a voltage sensor 10104, a temperature sensor 10105 or a humidity sensor 10106.

[0039] In some implementation scenarios, in addition to deploying electric field sensors, magnetic field sensors, current sensors, and voltage sensors at key locations inside and around the power module, temperature and humidity sensors are also integrated. This is because changes in ambient temperature and humidity may affect the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic interference and the performance of components inside the power module, thereby affecting the effectiveness of the electromagnetic interference protection strategy. For example, in a high temperature and high humidity environment, the conductivity of certain electromagnetic shielding materials may decrease, resulting in a weakened shielding effect. By monitoring temperature and humidity, the intelligent control module can dynamically compensate for protection parameters.

[0040] In one embodiment, at least one type of electromagnetic interference sensor is deployed at preset positions inside and around the power module, including: using a sensor array with a three-dimensional spatial layout to capture the spatial distribution information of electromagnetic interference; for example, different types of electromagnetic interference sensors are arranged above, below and around the PCB board of the power module, so that electromagnetic interference sources from all directions can be detected, providing richer data support for accurately analyzing the interference propagation path and formulating targeted protection measures.

[0041] In one embodiment, before deploying at least one type of electromagnetic interference sensor in preset positions inside and around the power module, it also includes: using a standard electromagnetic interference source and a signal generator with known parameters to calibrate each sensor, record and correct the deviation value of the sensor; and a self-diagnosis model is built into the electromagnetic interference detection module to monitor the working status of the sensor in real time, wherein the working status includes whether the output signal of the sensor is normal, whether there is an open circuit or short circuit fault. Once a sensor fault is found, a fault signal is immediately sent to the intelligent control module, and a backup sensor (if any) is started or corresponding safety measures are taken, such as reducing the output power of the power module to avoid potential risks caused by misjudgment of electromagnetic interference. Therefore, by establishing a regular sensor calibration mechanism, the accuracy and reliability of sensor acquisition data can be ensured.

[0042] In the collection of interference signals, a high-speed ADC (analog-to-digital converter) can be used to build a data acquisition system to ensure that the detailed information of high-frequency electromagnetic interference signals can be accurately collected. According to the frequency range of electromagnetic interference and the rate of signal change, an ADC with a suitable sampling rate is selected. For example, for high-frequency interference signals at the GHz level, an ADC with a sampling rate of more than several GSPS (gigasamples per second) is selected. At the same time, the input circuit design of the ADC is optimized, and a low-noise amplifier and anti-aliasing filter are used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal and prevent aliasing during the sampling process.

[0043] In the implementation process, in order to achieve synchronous acquisition of multi-sensor data, a unified clock source is used to drive all sensors and ADCs. This clock source should have high precision and high stability, such as using a crystal oscillator or atomic clock as a clock reference. The sampling time of each sensor is controlled by a synchronization signal to ensure that the data collected by different types of sensors are consistent in time, which is convenient for subsequent time domain and frequency domain analysis of electromagnetic interference signals.

[0044] Since the amount of electromagnetic interference signal data is large, especially in the case of high-speed acquisition, a data buffer area with sufficient capacity is set. The buffer area can adopt a first-in-first-out (FIFO) storage method to ensure the order and continuity of the data. In terms of data transmission, a high-speed data bus (such as PCIe, USB 3.0, etc.) is used to transmit the collected data to the intelligent control module 102 through the transmission interface 10108 for processing. At the same time, in order to avoid congestion and loss during data transmission, data flow control and error detection and retransmission mechanisms are used to ensure that the data can be transmitted to the intelligent control module completely and accurately.

[0045] In one embodiment, the microprocessor configured in the electromagnetic interference detection module pre-processes the raw data collected by the electromagnetic interference sensor to extract characteristic parameters of the electromagnetic interference signal. The processing may include:

[0046] The collected electromagnetic interference signal is feature extracted using the time-frequency domain joint analysis algorithm. The collected electromagnetic interference signal is feature extracted using the time-frequency domain joint analysis algorithm. For example, the electromagnetic interference signal is converted from the time domain to the time-frequency domain using algorithms such as short-time Fourier transform (STFT) or wavelet transform (WT), thereby obtaining the energy distribution information of the signal at different times and frequencies. By analyzing the time-frequency domain features, the change pattern of the frequency component of the electromagnetic interference over time can be identified, steady-state interference and transient interference can be distinguished, and important characteristic parameters such as the start and end time and duration of the interference signal can be determined.

[0047] Special feature libraries can be established for different types of electromagnetic interference signals. For example, for common mode interference signals, they usually appear as high-frequency components within a specific frequency range in the frequency domain, and have relatively stable amplitude and phase in the time domain; while pulse interference signals present a pulse shape with rapid rise and fall in the time domain, and have a wide spectrum distribution in the frequency domain. By comparing and matching the extracted electromagnetic interference signal features with the standard features in the feature library, the preliminary identification of the electromagnetic interference type can be achieved.

[0048] Use high-order statistical analysis methods to mine nonlinear characteristic information in electromagnetic interference signals. Specifically, high-order statistical analysis methods, such as high-order moments and high-order cumulants, can be used to further mine nonlinear characteristic information in electromagnetic interference signals. High-order statistics can reflect the characteristics of signals such as non-Gaussianity, symmetry, and correlation, and have unique technical effects for detecting and identifying some complex electromagnetic interference signals (such as mixed interference signals generated by the superposition of multiple interference sources or interference signals with modulation characteristics). For example, by calculating the third-order cumulant of the electromagnetic interference signal, the phase coupling information in the signal can be detected, thereby determining whether there is modulation interference.

[0049] Combining the high-order statistical analysis results with the above-mentioned time-frequency domain analysis results can improve the accuracy and reliability of electromagnetic interference type identification.

[0050] Figure 3 An exemplary structural block diagram of an intelligent control module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0051] like Figure 3 The intelligent control module 102 shown is configured to input the characteristic parameters of the electromagnetic interference signal extracted by the electromagnetic interference detection module 101 into the trained intelligent control model 10202 through the transmission interface 10201 to identify different types of electromagnetic interference; and perform graded evaluation according to the severity of the interference; and formulate corresponding protection decisions and control strategies based on the identification results and graded evaluation of the electromagnetic interference, that is, decision and control strategy generation 10203.

[0052] In order to exchange data between the electromagnetic interference detection module 101 and the intelligent control module 102, a unified data format and communication protocol can be defined. The data format should contain the characteristic parameters of the electromagnetic interference signal, sensor status information, acquisition timestamp, etc., and adopt a standardized data encoding method (such as JSON or binary encoding) to facilitate the intelligent control module to quickly parse and process data. The communication protocol should ensure the reliability and real-time performance of data transmission, such as using a TCP / IP-based network communication protocol or a customized high-speed serial communication protocol.

[0053] In addition to the unified data format and communication protocol defined above, it is also necessary to establish an interactive mechanism that combines interruption and query between the electromagnetic interference detection module 101 and the intelligent control module 102. When the electromagnetic interference detection module detects that the electromagnetic interference signal strength exceeds the preset threshold or the sensor state changes, it immediately sends an interrupt signal to the intelligent control module to notify the intelligent control module that an important event has occurred. After receiving the interrupt signal, the intelligent control module can immediately respond and obtain relevant data for processing. At the same time, the intelligent control module can also regularly query the data of the electromagnetic interference detection module to ensure that the electromagnetic interference situation can be understood in a timely manner even when no interrupt event occurs. This dual-mechanism interaction method can improve the system's response speed and data processing flexibility.

[0054] In one embodiment, the construction steps of the intelligent control model 10202 include: fusing a convolutional neural network and a recurrent neural network to obtain a hybrid neural network architecture. Using the hybrid neural network architecture, the spatial characteristics of the electromagnetic interference signal and the temporal characteristics of the electromagnetic interference signal are extracted. Then, based on the spatial characteristics and the temporal characteristics, the type of the electromagnetic interference signal is identified. According to the type of the electromagnetic interference signal, the severity of the electromagnetic interference is graded and evaluated. According to the identification type and graded evaluation of the electromagnetic interference, corresponding protection decisions and control strategies are formulated.

[0055] For example, from the multi-dimensional data collected by the sensor array deployed above, the spatial characteristics of the electromagnetic interference signal can be extracted through the convolutional neural network (CNN) integrated into the hybrid neural network architecture, so that the spatial distribution pattern of electromagnetic interference reflected by sensors at different locations can be identified. By processing the time series information through the recurrent neural network (RNN) integrated into the hybrid neural network architecture, the change pattern of the electromagnetic interference signal over time can be captured, such as the time series characteristics of pulse interference and the dynamic change trend of the interference intensity. By integrating the two into the hybrid neural network architecture, the complex characteristics of the electromagnetic interference signal can be analyzed more comprehensively and accurately, and the accuracy of interference type identification can be improved.

[0056] When making corresponding protection decisions and control strategies, the generation of electromagnetic interference protection strategies can be optimized through reinforcement learning algorithms. The operating state of the power module in the electromagnetic interference environment is defined as the state space of reinforcement learning, for example, including the type and intensity of electromagnetic interference, the output performance indicators of the power module (voltage stability, ripple factor, efficiency, etc.), internal temperature, ambient humidity and other state variables. The protection strategy (such as filter module parameter adjustment, shielding module control, power module working mode switching, etc.) is used as the action space, and the reward function is set according to the performance improvement and energy consumption of the power module after adopting a certain protection strategy. For example, if the output ripple of the power module is significantly reduced and the energy consumption increases less after adopting a certain protection strategy, a higher reward is given; conversely, if the protection strategy causes the performance of the power module to decline or the energy consumption to increase significantly, a lower reward or even a penalty is given. Through the reinforcement learning algorithm, the intelligent control module can learn the optimal protection strategy in the process of continuous trial and error to adapt to different electromagnetic interference situations and maximize the performance of the power module.

[0057] The corresponding protection decision and control strategy generation 10203 can be achieved by establishing a multi-factor fusion decision model, taking the electromagnetic interference characteristic parameters provided by the electromagnetic interference detection module, the working status information of the power module itself (load current, voltage, power, etc.) and the environmental monitoring data (temperature, humidity) as input variables. A fuzzy logic reasoning system or a rule-based expert system is used to process these multi-source data, and the impact of electromagnetic interference on the power module is comprehensively evaluated according to the pre-set rules and fuzzy membership functions, and the corresponding protection strategy priority is determined. For example, if the electromagnetic interference intensity is large and the power module is in a high-load operation state, and the ambient temperature is high, the decision model may give priority to the protection strategy that has a greater impact on the filtering effect and relatively low requirements for heat dissipation, such as adjusting the common-mode filter circuit parameters and appropriately increasing the ventilation and heat dissipation measures of the shielding layer.

[0058] The following is an example implementation of an embodiment of a multi-factor fusion decision model in an intelligent control module.

[0059] The formula of multi-factor fusion decision model is:

[0060] Assume that the electromagnetic interference characteristic parameter vector is EI = [EI1, EI2, …, EI m ], where EI j represents the jth electromagnetic interference characteristic parameter (such as the frequency, amplitude, duration, etc. of the electromagnetic interference);

[0061] The power module working state vector is PS = [PS1, PS2, ..., PS n ], where PS k Indicates the kth working state parameter (such as load current, voltage, power, etc.);

[0062] The environmental monitoring data vector is EM=[EM1, EM2], where EM1 represents temperature and EM2 represents humidity.

[0063] The output of the decision model is the protection strategy index P, which represents the selected protection strategy number.

[0064] First, normalize each factor:

[0065] For electromagnetic interference characteristic parameters:

[0066]

[0067] EI j,min and EI j,max are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the j-th electromagnetic interference characteristic parameter respectively.

[0068] For the power module working status parameters:

[0069]

[0070] PS k,min and PS k,max are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the kth working state parameter respectively.

[0071] For environmental monitoring data:

[0072]

[0073] Then, construct the fusion vector F = [EI norm ,PS norm ,EM norm ] and input it into the decision model based on fuzzy logic reasoning system or neural network.

[0074] If a neural network is used, the number of nodes in the input layer of the neural network is equal to the dimension of the fusion vector F, and the number of nodes in the output layer is equal to the number of types of protection strategies. The neural network is trained with a large amount of training data to learn the mapping relationship between input factors and protection strategies, so that the protection strategy index P is directly output based on the input F.

[0075] In order to improve the flexibility and adaptability of the decision model, an online learning mechanism can be used to continuously optimize the decision rules and fuzzy membership functions based on the feedback data of the power module during actual operation. For example, if a certain protection strategy is found to be ineffective under a specific combination of electromagnetic interference and working conditions, the decision model can automatically adjust the relevant rules so that a more appropriate protection strategy can be selected when encountering similar situations in the future.

[0076] Through the above multi-factor fusion decision model, electromagnetic interference, power module working status and environmental factors can be comprehensively considered, and the appropriate electromagnetic interference protection strategy can be selected more intelligently to improve the reliability and stability of the power module in complex environments. It should be noted that in actual applications, the parameters of the model need to be carefully adjusted and optimized according to the specific power module characteristics, electromagnetic environment and application scenarios.

[0077] In one embodiment scenario, it also includes dynamic adjustment and optimization of the protection strategy, and the intelligent control module dynamically controls and adjusts the parameters of each protection module (filter module, shielding module, etc.) of the power module according to the decision results. During the control process, a closed-loop feedback control mechanism is adopted to monitor the effect of the protection strategy after implementation in real time, such as collecting electromagnetic interference data again through the electromagnetic interference detection module, monitoring the changes in the output performance indicators of the power module, etc. If it is found that the protection effect does not meet the expected goal, the intelligent control module will further optimize the protection strategy according to the feedback information, adjust the parameters of the relevant modules or switch to different protection modes. For example, if the common-mode interference still exceeds the standard after adjusting the common-mode filter circuit parameters, the intelligent control module may try to switch to the spare common-mode filter subcircuit or adjust the differential mode filter circuit parameters at the same time to achieve a better filtering effect. For details, please refer to the description in the filter module section.

[0078] In one embodiment, before the characteristic parameters extracted by the electromagnetic interference detection module are input into the trained intelligent control model, the intelligent control model is further trained. The specific steps may include:

[0079] Collect actual measurement data from different application scenarios, different electromagnetic interference sources and various environmental conditions to build an electromagnetic interference dataset.

[0080] The intelligent control model is pre-trained using the electromagnetic interference data set. Then, through transfer learning, the intelligent control model is corrected using a data set of a specific power module application scenario, so that a trained intelligent control model can be obtained.

[0081] Through the training method provided in the above embodiment, the training speed of the network can be accelerated and the generalization ability of the model can be improved, so that it can better adapt to different electromagnetic environment changes.

[0082] The intelligent control module can communicate with other modules through the transmission interface 10204, through the control command link, using a high-speed communication interface and protocol. By equipping a high-speed and reliable communication interface, such as an Ethernet interface, a CAN bus interface or a high-speed serial communication interface (such as SPI, UART, etc.), it is used to interact with the electromagnetic interference detection module 101, the filtering module 103, the shielding module 104 and the communication and monitoring module 105. A custom communication protocol can also be used, which must have functions such as data integrity verification, error retransmission, and flow control to ensure the accuracy and real-time nature of data transmission between each module. For example, when communicating with the electromagnetic interference detection module, the intelligent control module receives electromagnetic interference feature data according to a predetermined communication protocol, and sends control instructions and query requests in a timely manner; when communicating with the filtering module, it transmits filtering parameter adjustment instructions and receives status feedback information of the filtering module.

[0083] At the same time, the intelligent control module establishes a data sharing and synchronization mechanism with other modules, so that the intelligent control module can obtain the status information of other modules in real time, and promptly convey its own decision results and control instructions to related modules. For example, by sharing memory or message queues, electromagnetic interference detection data, power module working status data, protection strategy execution result data, etc. can be shared among various modules. At the same time, a synchronous clock signal or timestamp mechanism is used to ensure that different modules have time consistency when processing data, avoiding the failure or misoperation of protection strategies caused by data synchronization problems. For example, when the intelligent control module receives the latest data from the electromagnetic interference detection module, it combines the current timestamp information and the working status data of the power module to generate a protection strategy and send relevant control instructions to the filtering module and the shielding module in a timely manner, ensuring that each module can work together to effectively deal with electromagnetic interference.

[0084] Through the description of the embodiments provided by the present invention, it can be understood that the intelligent control module has the ability of self-learning and can continuously accumulate experience and knowledge of electromagnetic interference protection. In addition to optimizing the decision-making model and protection strategy according to feedback data during normal operation, historical data can also be regularly analyzed in depth to explore the potential relationship and rules between electromagnetic interference and protection strategies. For example, data mining technology is used to analyze the impact of factors such as different seasons, different time periods, and different geographical locations on the characteristics of electromagnetic interference, as well as the changes in the effectiveness of corresponding protection strategies, so as to predict possible electromagnetic interference situations in advance and formulate more forward-looking protection measures.

[0085] The system provided by the present invention can be connected to a cloud server to realize cloud storage and analysis of data. A large amount of electromagnetic interference data and protection strategy execution results collected by the local intelligent control module are uploaded to the cloud server, and the powerful computing resources in the cloud are used to train large-scale data and optimize the model. Then the optimized model parameters and decision rules are downloaded back to the local intelligent control module to further improve its intelligence level and protection capability.

[0086] The intelligent control module can analyze the electromagnetic interference data, the performance index data of the power module, and the status feedback information of each module to realize the fault diagnosis function by monitoring the overall operation status of the power module and the working status of each protection module in real time. For example, if it is found that the sensor data of the electromagnetic interference detection module is abnormally stable or the fluctuation range is too large, it may indicate a sensor failure; if the output ripple of the power module continues to deteriorate after the filter module executes the protection strategy, it may indicate that there are problems such as component damage or connection failure in the filter circuit. Once a fault is diagnosed, the intelligent control module immediately issues a fault warning signal and takes corresponding emergency measures, such as switching to the backup circuit, reducing the output power of the power module to protect the safety of the equipment, etc. At the same time, the detailed fault information is uploaded to the external monitoring system through the communication and monitoring module so that the operation and maintenance personnel can carry out repairs in time.

[0087] The intelligent control module provided by the present invention can play a more core and intelligent role in the electromagnetic interference protection system of the power module, effectively improve the adaptability and protection effect of the entire system to complex electromagnetic environments, and ensure the stable and reliable operation of the power module.

[0088] Figure 4 An exemplary structural block diagram of a filtering module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0089] like Figure 4As shown, the filter module 103 is configured as a customizable reconfigurable filter network, and the reconfigurable filter network is composed of one or more filter sub-circuit units of different types and parameters. Such as common-mode filter sub-circuit unit 10302, differential-mode filter sub-circuit unit 10303, low-pass filter sub-circuit unit 10304, high-pass filter sub-circuit unit 10305 and notch filter sub-circuit unit 10306. The common-mode filter sub-circuit unit adopts a combination of common-mode inductance and common-mode capacitance. The common-mode inductance generates high impedance to the common-mode current to suppress common-mode interference, and the common-mode capacitor provides a low-impedance bypass for the common-mode interference; the differential-mode filter sub-circuit unit is composed of differential-mode inductance and differential-mode capacitance, which is used to filter out differential-mode interference. The low-pass filter sub-circuit unit can adopt an RC or LC structure to attenuate high-frequency signals and retain low-frequency signals, which is suitable for suppressing the influence of high-frequency electromagnetic interference on the power supply module; the high-pass filter sub-circuit unit is the opposite, allowing high-frequency signals to pass through and blocking low-frequency signals, which can be used to remove low-frequency noise or ripple in the power supply. The notch filter sub-circuit unit accurately suppresses interference signals of specific frequencies. For example, in an industrial environment, if there is a strong interference source of a fixed frequency, the notch filter sub-circuit can filter it out.

[0090] The above-mentioned filtering sub-circuit units are reasonably distributed on the PCB board in terms of physical layout, taking into account the convenience of circuit connection, reducing the influence of line parasitic parameters, and avoiding electromagnetic coupling between different sub-circuits. By adopting isolation belts, shielding covers and other measures, the mutual interference between sub-circuits is reduced to ensure that each sub-circuit can work independently and effectively.

[0091] The filter sub-circuit units are combined and switched in real time through the control signal of the intelligent control module 102 to adapt to electromagnetic interference of different types and frequency ranges. In one embodiment scenario, it includes: an intelligent switch element 10301, such as a MOSFET or a relay, is configured between each filter sub-circuit unit and the input and output ends of the power module. The intelligent switch element is controlled by the intelligent control module to control its on and off states to achieve real-time combination and switching of different filter sub-circuit units. For example, when the electromagnetic interference detection module detects that the common-mode interference is strong, the intelligent control module closes the switch element connected to the common-mode filter sub-circuit to connect it to the power line; when it is necessary to filter out common-mode and differential-mode interference at the same time, the switches corresponding to the common-mode and differential-mode filter sub-circuits can be turned on at the same time.

[0092] Optimize the connection network design to ensure that the switch components will not have a momentary open circuit or short circuit during the switching process, avoiding impact or damage to the power module. Use buffer circuits and surge protection circuits to cooperate with the switch components. For example, connect an RC buffer circuit in parallel at both ends of the switch component to suppress the voltage spike at the moment of switching; connect surge protection components such as inductors or varistors in series to prevent the impact of surge current on the switch and subsequent circuits. The wiring of the connection network should follow the principle of short and thick, reduce line resistance and inductance, and reduce signal transmission loss and electromagnetic interference.

[0093] The filtering module is also configured with an adaptive filtering algorithm, which dynamically adjusts the parameters of the filtering circuit according to the interference signal characteristics fed back in real time by the electromagnetic interference detection module.

[0094] According to the adaptive filtering algorithm, an adaptive filter model 10301 can be constructed. Specifically, the following embodiment illustrates how to construct an adaptive filter model that comprehensively considers electromagnetic interference power, change speed and convergence characteristics. The formula includes:

[0095] Calculate the input signal power estimate P(n):

[0096]

[0097] Calculate variable length:

[0098] Where P(n) represents the estimated value of the input signal power at time n. i is the summation index. δ is the forgetting factor, which ranges from 0 to 1 and is used to control the degree of memory of past input signal powers. A smaller δ value will make the current input signal power have a greater impact on the calculation of P(n) and can track changes in input signal power more quickly; conversely, a larger δ value will be more dependent on past power estimates and respond relatively slowly to power changes.

[0099] μ(n) is the step size at time n, which is dynamically adjusted according to the error signal. α is a constant that controls the step size adjustment range. The larger its value, the larger the step size adjustment range. However, if it is too large, the algorithm may become unstable. If it is too small, the step size adjustment is not flexible enough, affecting the algorithm's ability to adapt to changes in electromagnetic interference.

[0100] When the input signal power (represented by P(n)) increases, the step size will decrease accordingly to avoid overly aggressive updates of the filter coefficients; when the input signal power decreases, the step size will increase to speed up the update of the filter coefficients, allowing the filter to better adapt to changes in the input signal power.

[0101] In the above formula, r(n) = βr(n-1) + (1-β)e 2 (n), where r(n) is an estimate of the energy of the error signal.

[0102] β is the forgetting factor, similar to δ, with a value between 0 and 1, which is used to control the degree of memory of past error signal energy. A smaller β value makes the current error signal have a greater impact on r(n) and can reflect the change of error signal energy more quickly; a larger β value is more dependent on past error energy estimates.

[0103] The update calculation formula with momentum term is:

[0104] v i (n)=μ(n)e(n)x(ni)+λv i (n-1),

[0105] Among them, v i (n) is the update amount with momentum for the i-th filter coefficient at time n.

[0106] λ is the momentum coefficient, which ranges from 0 to 1 and is used to control the influence of the last update on the current update. A larger λ value enables the algorithm to converge faster in the flat area of ​​the error surface and helps to jump out of the local minimum, but may lead to slow convergence when the error changes greatly; a smaller λ value makes the current error signal have a greater influence on the update amount and responds more sensitively to error changes.

[0107] Filter coefficient update formula: w i (n+1)=w i (n)+v i (n), where w i (n) is the i-th filter coefficient at time n.

[0108] By continuously iteratively updating the filter coefficients, the filter can adapt to changes in electromagnetic interference and effectively filter out interference signals.

[0109] The filter output calculation formula is:

[0110] In the above formula, y(n) is the output signal of the filter at time n, which is the result of weighted summation of the input signal x(n) by the filter coefficients.

[0111] The error signal calculation formula is: e(n) = d(n) - y(n),

[0112] In the above formula: e(n) is the error signal at time n, that is, the difference between the expected signal d(n) (pure power signal without electromagnetic interference) and the filter output signal y(n). The error signal is used to measure the degree of deviation between the filter output and the expected signal, and is an important basis for adjusting the filter coefficient.

[0113] In some implementation scenarios, it is necessary to reasonably select model parameters based on the specific characteristics of electromagnetic interference (such as frequency range, change speed, intensity, etc.) and the requirements of the power module. In particular, for scenarios where electromagnetic interference changes rapidly, the α value should be appropriately increased to speed up the adjustment of the step size so that the filter can adapt to changes in interference more quickly; at the same time, the β value can be appropriately reduced to more promptly reflect changes in the energy of the error signal and enhance the algorithm's ability to respond to new interference.

[0114] When high-precision filtering is required, the λ value can be appropriately increased, and the momentum term can be used to help the algorithm jump out of the local minimum, thereby obtaining more accurate filter coefficients and improving the filtering effect. However, it should be noted that an excessively large λ value may lead to slow convergence when the interference changes dramatically. The value of δ needs to be determined based on the changing characteristics of the input signal power. If the input signal power fluctuates frequently and the amplitude is large, a smaller δ value can be selected so that the power estimation can quickly track the changes; if the power changes relatively smoothly, a larger δ value can be selected to reduce the amount of calculation and maintain a certain stability.

[0115] By adjusting these parameters reasonably, the adaptive filter model can achieve a good balance between convergence speed, stability and filtering effect, effectively deal with electromagnetic interference problems in the power module, and ensure the quality of the power output signal.

[0116] Figure 5 An exemplary structural block diagram of a shielding module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0117] like Figure 5 As shown, the shielding module 104 is configured as a multi-layer shielding structure, including an internal shielding layer 10401, an intermediate shielding layer 10402 and an external shielding layer 10403; and the shielding module 104 is connected to the intelligent control module 102, and according to the detection results of electromagnetic interference and protection requirements, the intelligent control module dynamically adjusts the working state of the shielding module.

[0118] In one embodiment, the multi-layer shielding structure is a structure of each layer of the shielding module constructed with gradient functional materials, wherein the gradient functional materials include: the internal shielding layer is made of soft magnetic materials with high magnetic permeability and low electrical conductivity, such as nanocrystalline alloys or ferrite materials, whose main function is to form efficient magnetic isolation between the internal circuits of the power module, effectively absorb and attenuate the magnetic field interference generated by the internal high-frequency switching elements (such as MOSFET, diodes, etc.), and prevent it from propagating inside the module and affecting other sensitive circuits. This material has excellent magnetic shielding performance in the low frequency band, and can provide a strong suppression effect on the low-frequency magnetic field interference commonly found in switching power supplies.

[0119] The middle shielding layer is made of a composite material with both magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, such as a composite conductive material of metal and polymer. The design purpose of this layer is to effectively reflect and absorb electromagnetic waves in different frequency ranges while blocking external electromagnetic interference from entering the core circuit of the power module. By adjusting the ratio and structure of metal and polymer in the composite material and adding special electromagnetic loss fillers, an optimized shielding effect for electromagnetic interference in a specific frequency band can be achieved. Compared with the traditional single metal shielding layer, the composite shielding layer provided by the present invention can better adapt to complex and changeable electromagnetic environments, especially showing more excellent shielding effectiveness when facing broadband electromagnetic interference.

[0120] The external shielding layer is made of highly conductive and high-strength metal materials, such as aluminum alloy or stainless steel, and undergoes special surface treatment. Surface treatment includes nickel plating, chrome plating and other processes, which can not only improve the corrosion resistance of the metal shielding layer, but also further enhance its ability to reflect electromagnetic waves. As the outermost line of defense of the entire shielding system, the external shielding layer is mainly responsible for resisting high-intensity electromagnetic interference from the external environment, such as lightning strikes, strong electric field radiation, etc., and provides physical protection for the internal shielding layer and power module to prevent mechanical damage and foreign matter intrusion.

[0121] In addition, an intelligent structural design is configured in the multi-layer shielding structure, and the intelligent structural design enables the shielding layer to automatically adjust its shielding performance according to the intensity and frequency of the electromagnetic interference. For example, an intelligent material, such as a shape memory alloy (SMA) or a piezoelectric material, is embedded in the middle shielding layer. When it is detected that the intensity of the external electromagnetic interference exceeds a certain threshold, the intelligent material will undergo physical deformation or produce an electrical signal change, thereby changing the electromagnetic properties of the shielding layer. Taking shape memory alloy as an example, under the influence of heat generated by strong electromagnetic interference, the alloy will change its shape, causing the internal structure of the shielding layer to be fine-tuned, thereby increasing the absorption and reflection capabilities of electromagnetic interference of a specific frequency.

[0122] Micro sensors and actuators can also be integrated in the shielding layer to monitor the frequency, amplitude and direction of electromagnetic interference in real time, and transmit the data to the intelligent control module. By receiving the shielding strategy fed back by the intelligent control module, the actuator is controlled to dynamically adjust the electromagnetic parameters of the shielding layer. For example, micro sensors and actuators are integrated in the shielding layer using micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technology. The frequency, amplitude and direction of electromagnetic interference are monitored in real time by micro sensors, and the data is transmitted to the intelligent control module. The intelligent control module calculates the best shielding strategy based on these data, and dynamically adjusts the electromagnetic parameters of the shielding layer by controlling the actuator. The actuator can change the connection mode or equivalent circuit parameters of certain electromagnetic loss elements in the shielding layer to adjust the resonant frequency and impedance characteristics of the shielding layer, so that it matches the characteristics of external electromagnetic interference and achieves the best shielding effect. This adaptive adjustment function enables the shielding module to respond flexibly in different electromagnetic environments, which is significantly different from the traditional fixed structure shielding technology.

[0123] Through the description of the above modules of the present invention, those skilled in the art can understand that based on the detailed information of electromagnetic interference transmitted by the electromagnetic interference detection module 101, including the frequency distribution, amplitude change, waveform characteristics and direction of the interference source, the intelligent control module 102 uses advanced signal processing algorithms and electromagnetic theoretical models to conduct in-depth analysis of the electromagnetic interference characteristics. For example, the electromagnetic interference signal in the time domain is converted into a frequency domain signal through the fast Fourier transform (FFT), the main frequency components and bandwidth of the interference signal are accurately determined, and the penetration depth and reflection loss of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies in the shielding layer are calculated in combination with the electromagnetic propagation theory.

[0124] According to the results of the electromagnetic interference characteristic analysis, the intelligent control module 102 generates a targeted shielding control strategy. For high-frequency narrowband interference, the control strategy may focus on adjusting the resonant frequency of the middle shielding layer of the shielding module 104 to match the interference frequency, and using the resonance principle to absorb and attenuate the interference energy to the maximum extent; for low-frequency strong magnetic field interference, the magnetic circuit design of the inner shielding layer of the shielding module 104 is optimized to increase the magnetic resistance or guide the magnetic field path to reduce the coupling effect of the magnetic field on the internal circuit. At the same time, considering the working state, ambient temperature, humidity and other factors of the power module, the shielding control strategy is comprehensively optimized. For example, in a high temperature environment, the heat dissipation structure and electromagnetic parameters of the shielding layer are appropriately adjusted to balance the shielding performance and heat dissipation requirements; when the power module is in a low-load operation state, the power consumption of the shielding layer can be appropriately reduced to improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0125] The intelligent control module dynamically adjusts the parameters of the shielding module according to the generated shielding control strategy. These parameters include the electrical connection mode of the shielding layer, the parameters of the electromagnetic loss components (such as capacitance, inductance, resistance, etc.), the working state of the intelligent material, and the action of the MEMS actuator. For example, by controlling the relay or electronic switch to change the connection combination of different sub-circuits in the shielding layer, the parameters of the equivalent circuit of the shielding layer can be adjusted; by using components such as varactor diodes or magnetically controlled inductors, the capacitance or inductance value can be dynamically changed under the drive of the voltage or current signal of the intelligent control module, thereby adjusting the resonant frequency and impedance characteristics of the shielding layer.

[0126] During the shielding parameter adjustment process, a closed-loop feedback control mechanism is used to monitor the shielding effect in real time and optimize it. The electromagnetic interference detection module continuously monitors the residual electromagnetic interference level after shielding and feeds the data back to the intelligent control module. The intelligent control module evaluates the effectiveness of the current shielding strategy based on the feedback data, and further adjusts the shielding parameters based on the evaluation results until a satisfactory shielding effect is achieved. This dynamic optimization process enables the shielding module to always maintain the best working state and effectively respond to the dynamic changes of electromagnetic interference, overcoming the limitation of traditional shielding technology that the shielding performance is difficult to change once installation and commissioning are completed.

[0127] Furthermore, in order to improve the grounding effect of the shielding module, a multi-path grounding design scheme can be adopted. In addition to the conventional single-point grounding method, multiple grounding connection points are set at different positions of the shielding layer, and connected to the ground plane or the earth of the power module through different grounding paths. For example, the inner shielding layer is directly connected to the internal grounding reference point of the power module through a low-impedance wire, which is mainly used to discharge the common mode current generated by the internal circuit; the middle shielding layer forms a high-frequency grounding path through a grounding connection method with a certain inductance value, and uses the blocking effect of inductance on high-frequency signals to reduce external high-frequency electromagnetic interference from entering the power module through the grounding path; the outer shielding layer uses a large-area metal grounding sheet to connect to the earth or the equipment casing, providing a low-resistance grounding channel for discharging large currents generated by strong electromagnetic pulses such as lightning strikes. This multi-path grounding design can effectively reduce the common impedance coupling in the grounding loop, improve the grounding effect of the shielding module in different frequency ranges, and reduce the propagation of electromagnetic interference through the grounding system.

[0128] The shielding integrity monitoring circuit is integrated in the shielding module to detect in real time whether the shielding layer has problems such as damage, gaps or poor contact. The monitoring circuit uses the principle of electromagnetic induction or transmission line theory to apply a specific test signal to the shielding layer and detect the reflection or transmission characteristics of the signal to determine the integrity of the shielding layer. For example, when there is a gap in the shielding layer, the test signal will be reflected at the gap. After the monitoring circuit detects the reflected signal, it converts it into corresponding fault information and transmits it to the intelligent control module.

[0129] The intelligent control module takes corresponding repair measures according to the fault information fed back by the shielding integrity monitoring circuit. For smaller shielding layer damage or gaps, the MEMS actuator or intelligent material can be controlled to produce physical changes at the fault site, such as releasing conductive glue or deforming the shielding material, thereby filling the gap or repairing the damage; for larger shielding layer failures, such as large-area damage or connection point detachment, the intelligent control module sends an alarm message to the external monitoring system to prompt the operation and maintenance personnel to perform manual repairs. At the same time, during the shielding layer repair process, the intelligent control module dynamically adjusts other shielding parameters according to the changes in shielding integrity to maintain the overall shielding performance of the shielding module as much as possible, ensuring that the power module can still maintain a certain anti-electromagnetic interference capability during the shielding layer repair period.

[0130] Through the above description of the embodiments of the present invention, the shielding module can exhibit excellent shielding performance in different electromagnetic environments, and has the characteristics of adaptive adjustment, intelligent control and high reliability, which can effectively improve the anti-electromagnetic interference capability of the power module and meet the strict requirements of modern electronic equipment for power supply stability and electromagnetic compatibility.

[0131] Figure 6 An exemplary structural block diagram of the communication and monitoring module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0132] like Figure 6 As shown, the communication and monitoring module 105 is configured for data interaction between the power module 10 and the external device 20, including transmitting electromagnetic interference detection data, power module working status parameters and protection strategy information generated by the intelligent control module to the host computer or monitoring system, and receiving control instructions and configuration parameters from the external device; and by setting thresholds and early warning mechanisms, when it is monitored that the performance indicator parameters of the power module are abnormal or the electromagnetic interference exceeds the preset safety range, a fault warning signal is issued.

[0133] The communication and monitoring module integrates a variety of wired and wireless communication interfaces to meet the connection requirements of different application scenarios and equipment. In terms of wired communication, a high-speed Ethernet interface (such as Gigabit Ethernet) is used for long-distance, large-volume data transmission, which can achieve a stable connection with the host computer or monitoring center, and transmit detailed data such as electromagnetic interference detection data, power module working status parameters, and protection strategy information generated by the intelligent control module. At the same time, it is equipped with a CAN bus interface to enable efficient communication with other industrial control equipment or sensor networks, which is suitable for environments such as industrial automation that have high requirements for real-time performance and reliability.

[0134] In terms of wireless communication, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technologies are integrated. Wi-Fi is used to achieve medium and long-distance wireless data transmission, supports simultaneous connection of multiple devices, and facilitates users to use mobile terminals (such as smart phones and tablets) within a certain range to remotely monitor and configure the power module. Bluetooth is mainly used for short-distance, low-power device pairing and data interaction, such as quickly connecting with nearby Bluetooth sensors or handheld debugging devices to conduct on-site data collection and preliminary analysis, or receiving control instructions sent by external Bluetooth devices to achieve convenient operation of the power module. Through intelligent switching and collaborative working mechanisms, the most appropriate wired or wireless communication method is automatically selected according to the data transmission distance, speed requirements and device connection status to ensure the efficiency and reliability of data transmission.

[0135] In some implementation scenarios, optical communication technology can also be introduced as a supplementary communication means, especially in scenarios that are extremely sensitive to electromagnetic interference or require highly confidential transmission. Optical fiber is used as the transmission medium, and the characteristic that optical signals are not affected by electromagnetic interference is utilized to achieve high-speed and stable data transmission between the electromagnetic interference detection module and other key components. For example, the original data collected by the electromagnetic interference detection module is transmitted to the intelligent control module via optical fiber to avoid distortion of the data due to electromagnetic interference during the transmission process. At the same time, an optical communication link is established between the power module and the external monitoring system to transmit important operating status information and control instructions, thereby improving the communication reliability and data security of the entire system in a strong electromagnetic interference environment. The optical communication module interacts with the wired and wireless communication modules through the optoelectronic conversion interface to achieve seamless integration of multimodal communication.

[0136] In one embodiment, the communication and monitoring module further includes an intelligent monitoring and analysis unit 10501, which is used to establish a big data analysis platform to store, manage and analyze the collected electromagnetic interference data, power module working status data and environmental monitoring data in real time. A distributed file system (such as HDFS) and a NoSQL database (such as MongoDB) can be combined to store data of different types and structures to ensure efficient storage and fast query of data.

[0137] Using data mining and machine learning algorithms, historical data is mined and analyzed to establish an electromagnetic interference prediction model and a power module fault warning model, wherein the electromagnetic interference prediction model is used to predict the type and intensity of electromagnetic interference, and the power module fault warning model is used to warn of power failure. For example, by analyzing the change rules of electromagnetic interference data in different seasons, different time periods, different geographical locations, and different power loads, an electromagnetic interference prediction model is constructed to predict the type and intensity of electromagnetic interference that may occur in the future, and adjust the electromagnetic interference protection strategy of the power module in advance. At the same time, according to the change trend of the working state parameters of the power module (such as output voltage, current, temperature, etc.), combined with the potential failure modes discovered by the data mining algorithm, a power module failure warning model is constructed to warn of possible power failures in advance, providing sufficient time and accurate information for equipment maintenance and repair.

[0138] For data transmitted to the host computer or monitoring system, the electromagnetic interference monitoring data, the working status data of the power module, and the execution of the protection strategy can be displayed in the form of intuitive charts, graphics and animations through the data visualization interface. For example, by drawing the spectrum diagram of electromagnetic interference, the time domain waveform diagram, and the waveform diagram and bar chart of the output voltage and current of the power module in real time, the operating status and electromagnetic interference of the power module can be understood at a glance. At the same time, the data visualization interface supports the interaction between the user and the system. The user can select different data display modes, time ranges and data filtering conditions through the touch screen or mouse operation, and deeply view the data details of interest. In addition, the user can also directly control the power module on the visualization interface, such as sending control instructions to adjust the electromagnetic interference protection parameters, start or stop the power module, etc., to achieve convenient human-computer interaction functions.

[0139] In order to achieve adaptive adjustment of the communication protocol, in one embodiment, the communication and monitoring module also includes: automatically selecting and adjusting the communication protocol to be used according to different communication objects and network environments, wherein when communicating with the electromagnetic interference detection module and the internal modules of the intelligent control module, a customized high-speed, low-latency protocol is used, and the high-speed, low-latency protocol is optimized and generated according to the characteristics of data transmission between internal modules to reduce protocol overhead.

[0140] The communication and monitoring module provided by the present invention has the ability of adaptive communication protocol, and can automatically select and adjust the most suitable communication protocol according to different communication objects and network environments. When communicating with internal modules such as electromagnetic interference detection module 101 and intelligent control module 102, a customized high-speed and low-latency protocol is adopted, which is optimized for the characteristics of data transmission between internal modules, reduces protocol overhead, and improves data transmission efficiency. For example, a simplified protocol format based on binary is adopted, which only contains necessary data fields and simple verification mechanisms to ensure that data can be quickly and accurately transmitted between internal modules. When communicating with external devices (such as host computers, other monitoring systems or devices from different manufacturers), according to the communication protocol type supported by the other party's device, it is automatically switched to the corresponding standard protocol, such as HTTP, MQTT or Modbus. Through protocol conversion and adaptation modules, seamless conversion between internal custom protocols and external standard protocols is achieved, ensuring that the power module can communicate stably and reliably with various types of devices.

[0141] In the power module monitoring network composed of multiple devices, the communication and monitoring module is responsible for the intelligent optimization of the network topology. By real-time monitoring of the connection status, signal strength, data transmission rate, network load and other information of each device in the network, the network topology is dynamically adjusted using intelligent algorithms (such as genetic algorithms or ant colony algorithms). For example, when it is found that the signal strength of a wireless node is weak or data transmission errors frequently occur, the intelligent algorithm will automatically find an alternative communication path or adjust the connection method of the network node, and transfer the data transmission task of the node to other nodes with good signals and light loads to ensure smooth communication of the entire network. At the same time, according to the changes in network traffic, network resources are dynamically allocated, such as adjusting the bandwidth restrictions of different devices, optimizing the priority of data transmission queues, etc., to improve the overall performance and data transmission efficiency of the network to adapt to different electromagnetic interference environments and the requirements for communication networks under the operating conditions of equipment.

[0142] In addition, during the data transmission process, in order to ensure the security of data transmission, the communication and monitoring module encrypts all transmitted data and establishes a strict identity authentication mechanism to ensure that only legally authorized devices and users can access the communication and monitoring system of the power module.

[0143] Through the integrated application of the above-mentioned multiple composite technologies, the communication and monitoring module can realize efficient, intelligent and safe communication and monitoring functions, effectively improve the monitorability, manageability and data transmission security of the power module in a complex electromagnetic environment, and provide strong support for the stable operation and electromagnetic interference protection of the power module.

[0144] In summary, through the description of the above embodiments, the present invention introduces an artificial intelligence algorithm, and the power module can automatically identify electromagnetic interference of different types and intensities, and generate the optimal protection strategy in real time according to a variety of influencing factors. This intelligent adaptive protection capability enables the power module to no longer rely on fixed protection parameters and modes when facing a complex and changeable electromagnetic environment, and can effectively improve the protection effect and reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference on the performance of the power module. In addition, by adopting a modular system composition method, each functional module is independent of each other and works in collaboration, which is convenient for flexible configuration and upgrading according to different application scenarios and electromagnetic interference requirements. For example, for consumer electronic devices with a relatively simple electromagnetic interference environment, a simplified filter module and shielding module configuration can be selected; while in industrial control or communication base station applications with severe electromagnetic interference, a full-function modular configuration can be adopted, and each module can be optimized in a targeted manner according to the specific characteristics of the electromagnetic environment. This modular design improves the versatility and scalability of the power module and reduces the R&D cost and production cycle.

[0145] When formulating the electromagnetic interference protection strategy, this solution comprehensively considers the characteristics of the electromagnetic interference itself (such as frequency, amplitude, waveform, etc.), the working status of the power module (load characteristics, output power, etc.), environmental factors (temperature, humidity, etc.), and other factors. This multi-factor comprehensive consideration method can more comprehensively evaluate the impact of electromagnetic interference on the power module, making the protection strategy more accurate and reasonable, avoiding the problem of protection failure or excessive protection caused by inadequate consideration of a single factor, and further improving the reliability and stability of the power module.

[0146] Finally, the communication and monitoring module realizes remote monitoring and intelligent management of the power module. Users can obtain information such as the electromagnetic interference protection and working status of the power module anytime and anywhere through the host computer or mobile terminal, and remotely control and adjust the parameters of the power module. This not only facilitates the maintenance and management of the equipment, but also can timely discover potential electromagnetic interference problems and take corresponding measures, thereby improving the operation and maintenance efficiency and reliability of the entire electronic system.

[0147] Although multiple embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Those skilled in the art may conceive of many changes, modifications, and alternatives without departing from the thought and spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that in the process of practicing the present invention, various alternatives to the embodiments of the present invention described herein may be adopted. The appended claims are intended to define the scope of protection of the present invention, and therefore cover equivalents or alternatives within the scope of these claims.

Claims

1. An intelligent electromagnetic interference protection system for a power module, characterized in that: include: Electromagnetic interference detection module: configured to deploy at least one type of electromagnetic interference sensor at preset positions inside and around the power module to collect the electromagnetic interference signal received by the power module during operation and its own operating state parameters in real time; and use the microprocessor configured in the electromagnetic interference detection module to pre-process the raw data collected by the electromagnetic interference sensor to extract the characteristic parameters of the electromagnetic interference signal; wherein the electromagnetic interference sensor includes an electric field sensor, a magnetic field sensor, a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor or a humidity sensor; Intelligent control module: configured to input the characteristic parameters of the electromagnetic interference signal extracted by the electromagnetic interference detection module into the trained intelligent control model to identify different types of electromagnetic interference; and to perform graded evaluation according to the severity of the interference; and to formulate corresponding protection decisions and control strategies according to the identification results and graded evaluation of the electromagnetic interference; Filter module: configured as a customized reconfigurable filter network, the reconfigurable filter network is composed of one or more filter sub-circuit units of different types and parameters; the filter sub-circuit units are combined and switched in real time through the control signal of the intelligent control module to adapt to electromagnetic interference of different types and frequency ranges; the filter module is also configured with an adaptive filtering algorithm to dynamically adjust the parameters of the filter network according to the interference signal characteristics fed back in real time by the electromagnetic interference detection module; Shielding module: configured as a multi-layer shielding structure, including an internal shielding layer, an intermediate shielding layer and an external shielding layer; and the shielding module is connected to the intelligent control module, and according to the detection results of electromagnetic interference and the protection requirements, the intelligent control module dynamically adjusts the working state of the shielding module; Communication and monitoring module: configured for data interaction between the power module and external devices, including transmitting electromagnetic interference detection data, power module working status parameters and protection strategy information generated by the intelligent control module to the host computer or monitoring system, and receiving control instructions and configuration parameters from external devices; and by setting thresholds and early warning mechanisms, issuing a fault warning signal when it is detected that the performance indicator parameters of the power module are abnormal or the electromagnetic interference exceeds the preset safety range.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The at least one type of electromagnetic interference sensor is deployed at a preset position inside and around the power module, including: A sensor array with a three-dimensional spatial layout is used to capture the spatial distribution information of electromagnetic interference; the sensor array includes different types of electromagnetic interference sensors arranged above, below and around the PCB board of the power module.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that Before deploying at least one type of electromagnetic interference sensor at a preset position inside and around the power module, the method further includes: Using a standard electromagnetic interference source and a signal generator with known parameters, each sensor is calibrated to record and correct the deviation value of the sensor; and a self-diagnosis model is built into the electromagnetic interference detection module to monitor the working status of the sensor in real time, wherein the working status includes whether the output signal of the sensor is normal and whether there is an open circuit or short circuit fault.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of preprocessing the raw data collected by the electromagnetic interference sensor using the microprocessor configured in the electromagnetic interference detection module to extract characteristic parameters of the electromagnetic interference signal includes: The time-frequency domain joint analysis algorithm is used to extract the features of the collected electromagnetic interference signal; High-order statistical analysis methods are used to mine nonlinear characteristic information in electromagnetic interference signals.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The steps of constructing the intelligent control model include: Fusion of convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network to obtain a hybrid neural network architecture; Utilizing the hybrid neural network architecture, extracting the spatial features of the electromagnetic interference signal and the temporal features of the electromagnetic interference signal; Identify the type of electromagnetic interference signal according to the spatial characteristics and temporal characteristics; According to the type of electromagnetic interference signal, the severity of electromagnetic interference is graded and evaluated; According to the identification type and graded assessment of electromagnetic interference, formulate corresponding protection decisions and control strategies.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that Before the characteristic parameters extracted by the electromagnetic interference detection module are input into the trained intelligent control model, the method further includes: Collect actual measurement data from different application scenarios, different electromagnetic interference sources and various environmental conditions to build an electromagnetic interference data set; Pre-training the intelligent control model using the electromagnetic interference data set; The intelligent control model is modified using a data set of a specific power module application scenario to obtain a trained intelligent control model.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The control signal of the intelligent control module is used to combine and switch the filter sub-circuit units in real time to adapt to electromagnetic interference of different types and frequency ranges, including: An intelligent switch element is arranged between each filter sub-circuit unit and the input and output terminals of the power module; the on and off states of the intelligent switch element are controlled by the intelligent control module to realize the real-time combination and switching of different filter sub-circuit units.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The multi-layer shielding structure is a structure of each layer of the shielding module constructed using gradient functional materials, and an intelligent structural design is configured in the multi-layer shielding structure, and the intelligent structural design enables the shielding layer to automatically adjust its shielding performance according to the intensity and frequency of electromagnetic interference; wherein the gradient functional material includes: an inner shielding layer using a soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability and low electrical conductivity, an intermediate shielding layer using a composite material with both magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, and an outer shielding layer using a metal material with high conductivity and high strength; and Micro sensors and actuators are integrated in the shielding layer to monitor the frequency, amplitude and direction of electromagnetic interference in real time, and transmit the data to the intelligent control module. By receiving the shielding strategy fed back by the intelligent control module, the actuator is controlled to dynamically adjust the electromagnetic parameters of the shielding layer.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The communication and monitoring module further includes an intelligent monitoring and analysis unit, which is used to: Establish a big data analysis platform to store, manage and analyze the collected electromagnetic interference data, power module working status data and environmental monitoring data in real time; Data mining and machine learning algorithms are used to mine and analyze historical data to establish an electromagnetic interference prediction model and a power module fault warning model. The electromagnetic interference prediction model is used to predict the type and intensity of electromagnetic interference, and the power module fault warning model is used to warn of power failures.

10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The communication and monitoring module also includes: The communication protocol is automatically selected and adjusted according to different communication objects and network environments. When communicating with the internal modules of the electromagnetic interference detection module and the intelligent control module, a customized high-speed and low-latency protocol is adopted. The high-speed and low-latency protocol is optimized and generated according to the characteristics of data transmission between internal modules to reduce protocol overhead.

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