Suction anchor and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a suction anchor and a use method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ocean engineering, the suction anchor comprises an anchor cylinder, and a soil plug detection mechanism, a crushing mechanism, an extraction mechanism and a burial depth detection mechanism which are arranged on the anchor cylinder; the anchor cylinder is of a cavity structure with the top closed and the bottom open. The soil plug detection mechanism is arranged in the anchor cylinder and used for detecting the height of a soil plug in the anchor cylinder. The crushing mechanism is used for receiving a soil plug height signal of the soil plug detection mechanism, crushing the soil plug in the anchor cylinder and converting the solid soil plug into a fluid substance; the extraction mechanism is used for extracting fluid substances in the anchor cylinder and discharging the fluid substances out of the anchor cylinder according to the burial depth signal of the burial depth detection mechanism; the burial depth detection mechanism is used for detecting the burial depth of the anchor cylinder. The problem that the uplift bearing capacity of the suction anchor is affected due to the fact that the suction anchor cannot reach the target embedding depth due to serious soil plug can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a suction anchor and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of marine engineering. Background Art

[0002] Suction anchor is one of the commonly used anchoring foundations for floating structures such as offshore floating wind turbines and oil and gas platforms. The floating structure is connected to the suction anchor foundation anchored on the seabed through anchor chains to achieve a stable working environment. The suction anchor is usually a cylindrical structure with a closed top and an open bottom. During its installation, the anchor barrel first sinks to a certain depth on the seabed under its own weight until it stops sinking. At this time, a closed environment has been formed inside the anchor; then the water in the closed space of the anchor barrel is pumped out through a pumping device, and the suction anchor continues to sink using the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the anchor barrel until the predetermined penetration depth is reached.

[0003] During the actual installation of the suction anchor, due to the soil squeezing effect of the anchor wall and the "suction" in the anchor barrel, the soil at the bottom of the anchor is easy to flow into the anchor, and the mud surface in the anchor continues to rise, forming a "soil plug". As the penetration progresses, the soil plug will contact the top of the anchor in advance, causing the suction anchor to be unable to continue sinking, and thus unable to reach the designed burial depth. The appearance of the soil plug increases the difficulty of installing the suction anchor and reduces its ultimate pull-out performance; at the same time, the soil plug will cause some suction anchors to be unable to penetrate the mud surface and be exposed on the seabed surface. The hydrodynamic effect caused by the ocean current around the exposed suction anchor will erode the soil, further reducing the burial depth of the suction anchor and reducing its bearing capacity.

[0004] In the actual service process of suction anchor, Fig.10 As shown, the buried anchor chain 28 connected to the suction anchor mooring point 4 reciprocates and cuts the seabed soil 27 under the coupled load of ocean wind, waves and currents. The mud-water mixture formed by the cutting is then carried away by the ocean current, resulting in the appearance of a seabed groove 26 on the tension side of the suction anchor, which greatly weakens the pull-out bearing performance of the suction anchor and seriously threatens the stability and safety of the marine structure throughout its life cycle. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a suction anchor and a method for using the same, so as to solve the problem that the suction anchor is seriously soil plugged, resulting in failure to reach a target burial depth, thereby affecting the pull-out bearing capacity of the suction anchor.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a suction anchor, comprising an anchor barrel, and a soil plug detection mechanism, a crushing mechanism, an extraction mechanism, and a burial depth detection mechanism arranged in the anchor barrel; the anchor barrel is a cavity structure with a closed top and an open bottom; the soil plug detection mechanism is arranged inside the anchor barrel and is used to detect the height of the soil plug in the anchor barrel; the crushing mechanism is used to receive a soil plug height signal from the soil plug detection mechanism, crush the soil plug in the anchor barrel, and convert the solid soil plug into a fluid substance; the extraction mechanism is used to extract the fluid substance in the anchor barrel and discharge it out of the anchor barrel according to the burial depth signal from the burial depth detection mechanism; the burial depth detection mechanism is used to detect the burial depth of the anchor barrel.

[0008] The suction anchor mentioned above has a wing plate fixed on the outer periphery of the anchor tube, the wing plate is larger on the upper surface and smaller on the lower surface, the upper edge of the wing plate faces the top of the anchor tube, and the lower edge of the wing plate faces the bottom of the anchor tube.

[0009] The aforementioned suction anchor also includes a mooring ring, which is used for mooring the anchor chain. Wing plates are respectively arranged on both sides of the mooring ring. The wing plates arranged in parallel on both sides of the mooring ring are used for limiting the anchor chain.

[0010] The aforementioned suction anchor, the soil plug detection mechanism includes an electronic equipment box, a laser rangefinder, an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve; the electronic equipment box is fixed in the anchor barrel, the electronic equipment box has a built-in laser rangefinder, the electronic equipment box is provided with a laser transmission port and an inner sleeve is extended along the laser transmission port in the laser transmission direction, the inner sleeve is penetrated inside and the outer periphery is slidingly sealed and connected to the inner wall of the outer sleeve, one end of the outer sleeve is limited to the inner sleeve and the other end is closed, the closed end of the outer sleeve faces the lower part of the anchor barrel, the inner sleeve interior and the outer sleeve interior form a laser transmission path, and the soil plug detection mechanism detects the soil plug height inside the anchor barrel according to the length of the laser transmission path.

[0011] The aforementioned suction anchor, the crushing mechanism includes a water inlet pipe, a water injection pump, a horizontal jet pipe and a longitudinal jet pipe; a water inlet is opened at the center of the top of the anchor barrel, the water inlet pipe outside the anchor barrel is connected to the water injection input end of the water injection pump, the water injection output end of the water injection pump is connected to one end of the horizontal jet pipe inside the anchor barrel through the water inlet, the other end of the horizontal jet pipe extends to the side wall of the anchor barrel and is connected to one end of the longitudinal jet pipe, the other end of the longitudinal jet pipe is closed, and a plurality of jet ports are evenly opened on the wall of the horizontal jet pipe and the wall of the longitudinal jet pipe, the jet ports are used to output high-pressure water flow, and the driving motor of the water injection pump is started and stopped according to the soil plug height signal received from the soil plug detection mechanism.

[0012] In the aforementioned suction anchor, the jet port is a radial I-shaped incision, and the jet port incision faces the bottom of the anchor barrel; when there are multiple horizontal jet tubes, the horizontal jet tubes are evenly distributed and fixed on the top of the anchor barrel, and the vertical jet tubes are fixed on the side wall of the anchor barrel; the closed end side wall of the vertical jet tube is connected to a jet port.

[0013] The aforementioned suction anchor, the extraction mechanism includes a drainage pipe and a suction pump; a drainage port is also opened on the top of the anchor barrel, the drainage pipe outside the anchor barrel is connected to the suction output end of the suction pump, the suction input end of the suction pump is connected to the inside of the anchor barrel through the drainage port, and the driving motor of the suction pump starts and stops according to the burial depth signal received from the burial depth detection mechanism.

[0014] In the aforementioned suction anchor, the output end of the drainage pipe and the input end of the water inlet pipe are oriented in different directions and / or have a height difference.

[0015] The aforementioned suction anchor, the burial depth detection mechanism includes a light emitting device and a light sensor; the light emitting device and the light sensor are arranged at the target burial depth position of the outer body of the anchor barrel, the light emitting device is connected to the light sensor, the light sensor detects the light emitted by the light emitting device and outputs a feedback signal, and the burial depth detection mechanism detects the burial depth of the anchor barrel according to the feedback signal of the light sensor.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for using a suction anchor, using the suction anchor described in any one of the first aspects, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1: Start the extraction mechanism, soil plug detection mechanism and burial depth detection mechanism;

[0018] The extraction mechanism extracts the fluid material inside the anchor barrel and discharges it out of the anchor barrel, the soil plug detection mechanism detects whether the height of the soil plug in the anchor barrel increases to the upper limit target height or decreases to the lower limit target height, and the burial depth detection mechanism detects whether the burial depth of the anchor barrel reaches the target burial depth;

[0019] S2: When the height of the soil plug increases to the upper target height of step S1, the crushing mechanism is started to crush the soil plug and convert the solid soil plug into fluid material, and the extraction mechanism extracts the fluid material inside the anchor cylinder and discharges it out of the anchor cylinder;

[0020] S3: When the height of the soil plug drops to the lower limit target height of step S1, the crushing mechanism is closed, and the extraction mechanism extracts the fluid material inside the anchor cylinder and discharges it out of the anchor cylinder;

[0021] S4: cyclically execute steps S1 to S3 until the buried depth detection mechanism detects that the buried depth of the anchor barrel reaches the target buried depth, and closes the extraction mechanism.

[0022] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0023] The present invention breaks up the soil plug by a breaking mechanism and detects the burial depth according to the burial depth detection mechanism, thereby avoiding the situation where the suction anchor cannot continue to penetrate or may penetrate too deeply when the target burial depth is not reached, and solves the problem that the suction anchor soil plug is serious, resulting in the inability to reach the target burial depth and affecting the pull-out bearing capacity of the suction anchor.

[0024] The present invention adds side wings to the outer periphery of the anchor barrel to improve the torsional bearing capacity of the suction anchor and prevent the suction anchor from sinking too deep in soft soil. The wing plate surface is large at the top and small at the bottom, and the lower edge of the wing plate surface faces the bottom of the anchor barrel, so that the contact area is gradually increased during the descent process, and the process of breaking the ground and sinking is easier and more controllable.

[0025] The wing plates on both sides of the mooring ring of the present invention guide the moving direction of the anchor chain between the mooring ring and the top of the anchor barrel, reducing the cutting range of the anchor chain movement on the bottom surface during the service of the anchor barrel, and reducing the influence of the anchor chain cutting the bottom surface to weaken the pull-out bearing performance of the suction anchor.

[0026] The symmetrical design of the wing plate of the present invention makes the anchor barrel more evenly stressed and more stable in structure.

[0027] The soil plug detection mechanism of the present invention detects the height of the soil plug inside the anchor tube according to the length of the laser transmission path, and controls the start and stop of the water injection pump according to the output signal of the soil plug detection mechanism, so that the crushing mechanism can adjust the operating state according to the soil plug height in time, ensuring the normal operation of the suction anchor to provide sufficient pull-out bearing capacity.

[0028] The jet ports of the horizontal and vertical jet tubes of the present invention are all oriented toward the bottom of the anchor barrel, so that the high-pressure water flow can impact the accumulated soil at the bottom of the anchor barrel from multiple angles, thereby breaking up the solid soil plug and converting the solid soil plug into fluid muddy water mixed with water and soil.

[0029] The design of the closed end side wall of the longitudinal jet tube of the present invention being connected to a jet port utilizes the principle combination of gravity and high-pressure water flow impact to reduce the risk of muddy water deposition inside the longitudinal jet tube affecting the effect of crushing soil plugs.

[0030] The extraction mechanism of the present invention starts and stops according to the received burial depth signal from the burial depth detection mechanism, so that the suction anchor can penetrate into the target burial depth without being too deep or too shallow, providing a stable pull-out bearing capacity.

[0031] The buried depth detection mechanism of the present invention adopts a combination of a light emitting device and a light sensor, has a simple structure and good practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of a suction anchor in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor barrel structure of a suction anchor in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a soil plug detection mechanism of a suction anchor in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a soil plug detection mechanism of a suction anchor in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an anchor cylinder and its internal structure of a suction anchor in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 It is a partial structural exploded schematic diagram of a crushing mechanism of a suction anchor in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a U-shaped fixing device of a suction anchor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of a water injection pump and a flow extraction pump of a suction anchor in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0041] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of a suction anchor usage process according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the existing suction anchor working scene.

[0043] Description of reference numerals:

[0044] 1-flank; 2-water inlet; 3-discharge port; 4-mooring ring; 5-U-shaped fixture; 6-horizontal jet tube; 7-vertical jet tube; 8-anchor tube; 9-arc-shaped water pipe connector; 10-diverter valve; 11-jet port; 12-lifting ring; 13-electronic equipment box; 14-laser rangefinder; 15-signal processor; 16-outer sleeve; 17 inner sleeve; 18-injection pump; 19-suction pump; 20-discharge pipe; 21-water inlet pipe; 22-soil plug detection mechanism; 23-bolt hole; 24-light-emitting device; 25-light sensor; 26-groove; 27-soil; 28-anchor chain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a certain specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0047] In addition, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0048] Embodiment 1

[0049] This embodiment introduces a suction anchor, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: an anchor barrel 8, and a soil plug detection mechanism 22, a crushing mechanism, an extraction mechanism, and a burial depth detection mechanism arranged in the anchor barrel 8; the anchor barrel 8 is a cavity structure with a closed top and an open bottom; the soil plug detection mechanism 22 is arranged inside the anchor barrel 8 to detect the height of the soil plug in the anchor barrel 8; the crushing mechanism is used to crush the soil plug in the anchor barrel 8 according to the soil plug height signal of the soil plug detection mechanism 22, and convert the solid soil plug into fluid material; the extraction mechanism is used to extract the fluid material in the anchor barrel 8 and discharge it from the anchor barrel 8 according to the burial depth signal of the burial depth detection mechanism; the burial depth detection mechanism is used to detect the burial depth of the anchor barrel 8.

[0050] The suction anchor 8 has a closed top and an open bottom. During the process of the opening sinking into the bottom surface of the water, the crushing mechanism designed in this embodiment can crush the soil plug to avoid the problem of the soil plug effect hindering the sinking of the anchor barrel 8. At the same time, the burial depth detection mechanism can timely detect the burial depth of the anchor barrel to ensure that the anchor barrel 8 reaches the target burial depth, and can improve the overall efficiency of the device to avoid redundant work after the anchor barrel reaches the target depth.

[0051] The following embodiment introduces the implementation of some specific structural designs.

[0052] In order to effectively solve the problem that the anchor chain groove affects the pull-out resistance and torsional resistance of the suction anchor, a wing plate 1 is fixed to the outer periphery of the anchor cylinder 8 .

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, a circle of wing plates 1 are fixed to the outer periphery of the upper part of the anchor cylinder 8. The four additional wing plates 1 increase the contact area between the suction anchor and the bottom bed surface, and transform the "cylinder-soil" contact form of the single anchor cylinder 8 outer periphery contacting the soil into a "soil-plate-soil" combined with a "cylinder-soil" contact form. The multi-directional contact combination increases the contact area and improves the torsional bearing capacity of the suction anchor; at the same time, it prevents the suction anchor from sinking too deep in the soft soil.

[0054] There are multiple wing plates 1, and the additional wing plates 1 are at least symmetrical about one symmetric plane of the anchor barrel 8. The symmetrical design makes the anchor barrel more evenly stressed and more stable in structure.

[0055] The wing plate 1 has a larger upper surface and a smaller lower surface, which makes the wing plate 1 structure more stable compared to a rectangular form with the same width at the top and bottom; further, the upper edge of the wing plate 1 faces the top of the anchor tube 8, and the lower edge of the wing plate 1 faces the bottom of the anchor tube 8, so that the contact area is gradually increased during the descent, making the ground breaking and sinking process easier and more controllable.

[0056] The shape of the wing plate 1 can be a regular pattern with a large top and a small bottom, a combination of regular patterns with a large top and a small bottom, and other forms with irregular edges and a large top and a small bottom, such as Figure 1 As shown, the wing plate 1 is in the shape of a combination of a regular triangle and a right-angled trapezoid, such as Figure 2 As shown, the wing plate 1 has an arc-shaped edge.

[0057] The suction anchor also includes a mooring ring 4, which is used to moor the anchor chain 28. The mooring ring is set at the optimal mooring point. The optimal mooring point needs to meet the pull-out bearing capacity requirements, and also needs to comprehensively consider geological conditions, environmental loads and installation feasibility to avoid the suction anchor from capsizing and ensure long-term stability. The upper soil layer of the bottom of the water is softer than the lower soil layer. In order to reduce the risk of suction anchor failure caused by soil changes, the traditional mooring point is often set at the lower middle part of the anchor barrel.

[0058] When the wing plate 1 is added to the upper part of the anchor barrel, the soil squeezing area between the suction anchor and the soil can be increased, the lateral constraint force of the soil on the anchor barrel can be enhanced, the pull-out and torsional bearing capacity of the anchor barrel can be increased, the optimal mooring point position is moved up, and accordingly, the position of the mooring ring 4 is moved up, and the buried section length of the anchor chain 28 is shortened accordingly. Therefore, the potential groove range of the anchor chain is reduced accordingly, which is beneficial to improving the long-term working stability of the suction anchor.

[0059] On the other hand, wing plates 1 are respectively provided on both sides of the mooring ring 4. The wing plates 1 arranged in parallel on both sides of the mooring ring 4 are used to limit the anchor chain 28; the wing plates 1 on both sides of the mooring ring 4 limit the fan-shaped sweep displacement of the buried section anchor chain 28 with the anchor barrel 8 as the fixed point, reduce the cutting range of the anchor chain 28 on the bottom surface during the service of the anchor barrel, and reduce the influence of the anchor chain 28 cutting the bottom surface to weaken the pull-out bearing performance of the suction anchor. Figure 2 As shown, the wing plates 1 are perpendicular to the radial section of the anchor barrel 8, and the wing plates 1 arranged in parallel on both sides of the mooring ring 4 are parallel to a symmetry plane S1 of the barrel.

[0060] Combination Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the soil plug detection mechanism 22 includes an electronic device box 13, a laser rangefinder 14, an inner sleeve 17 and an outer sleeve 16; the electronic device box 13 is fixed in the anchor tube 8, the electronic device box 13 has a built-in laser rangefinder 14, the electronic device box 13 is provided with a laser transmission port and an inner sleeve 17 is extended along the laser transmission port in the direction of laser transmission, the inner sleeve 17 is internally penetrated and the outer periphery is slidingly sealed and connected to the inner wall of the outer sleeve 16;

[0061] like Figure 4 As shown, the end of the inner sleeve 17 away from the electronic equipment box 13 is provided with a limiting structure that matches the open end of the outer sleeve 16, so that the open end of the outer sleeve 16 is limited at the end of the inner sleeve 17 to prevent the outer sleeve 16 from slipping out of the inner sleeve 17. The other end of the outer sleeve 16 is closed, and the closed end of the outer sleeve 16 faces the lower part of the anchor tube 8. The interior of the inner sleeve 17 and the interior of the outer sleeve 16 form a laser transmission path, and the soil plug detection mechanism 22 detects the height of the soil plug inside the anchor tube 8 according to the length of the laser transmission path.

[0062] The electronic device box 13 also has a built-in signal processor 15, which is connected to the laser rangefinder 14. The signal processor 15 is used to receive a control signal and output a start signal to the laser rangefinder 14. The laser rangefinder 14 emits a laser to detect the length of the laser transmission path, and feeds back the laser transmission path length signal to the signal processor 15. When the height of the soil plug inside the anchor tube 8 increases to the point where it contacts the outer sleeve 16 closing tube and continues to grow, the soil plug pushes the outer sleeve 16 to slide upward, and the laser transmission path length is shortened. On the contrary, when the height of the soil plug drops to the point where it does not contact the outer sleeve 16 closing tube, the outer sleeve 16 slides downward under the action of gravity, and the laser transmission path length increases.

[0063] When the soil plug height increases to the upper target height, that is, the laser transmission path length is shortened to the lower target length, the signal processor 15 feeds back a start signal to the drive motor of the water injection pump 18 to drive the water injection pump 18 to start; when the soil plug height drops to the lower target height, that is, the laser transmission path length increases to the upper target length, the signal processor 15 feeds back a stop signal to the drive motor of the water injection pump 18 to drive the water injection pump 18 to stop.

[0064] It is worth noting that the soil plug detection mechanism of the present invention should be arranged in an area that avoids direct impact of the high-pressure water flow of the crushing mechanism and the area around the suction port of the extraction mechanism, so as to reduce the influence of water flow impact and fluid material extraction on the detection effect. Figure 5 As shown, the top of the electronic equipment box 13 of the soil plug detection mechanism of this embodiment is fixed to the top area of ​​the anchor tube 8 avoiding the water flow output direction of the jet port 11. In other embodiments, the electronic equipment box 13 can also be fixed to the side wall area avoiding the impact of water flow.

[0065] In addition, the upper surface of the housing of the electronic device box 13 of this embodiment is a planar structure adapted to be installed at the top of the anchor tube 8; when installed in other positions, the housing of the electronic device box 13 is adaptively adjusted to other shapes that fit the installation position.

[0066] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the crushing mechanism includes a water inlet pipe 21, a water injection pump 18, a horizontal jet pipe 6 and a vertical jet pipe 7; a water inlet 2 is provided at the top center of the anchor barrel 8, the water inlet pipe 21 outside the anchor barrel 8 is connected to the water injection input end of the water injection pump 18, the water injection output end of the water injection pump 18 is connected to one end of the horizontal jet pipe 6 inside the anchor barrel 8 through the water inlet 2, the other end of the horizontal jet pipe 6 extends to the side wall of the anchor barrel 8 and connects to one end of the vertical jet pipe 7, the other end of the vertical jet pipe 7 is closed, and a plurality of jet ports 11 are evenly provided on the wall of the horizontal jet pipe 6 and the wall of the vertical jet pipe 7, and the jet ports 11 are used to output high-pressure water flow. The driving motor of the water injection pump 18 starts and stops according to the soil plug height signal received from the soil plug detection mechanism 22.

[0067] Combination Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the jet port 11 is a radial straight-line cut, and the cut of the jet port 11 faces the bottom of the anchor cylinder 8; when there are multiple horizontal jet tubes 6, the horizontal jet tubes 6 are evenly distributed and fixed on the top of the anchor cylinder 8, and the vertical jet tubes 7 are fixed on the side wall of the anchor cylinder 8. In this embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, four horizontal jet pipes 6 and four vertical jet pipes 7 are arranged in the anchor tube 8, the water inlet 2 is connected to one end of each horizontal jet pipe 6 through a diverter valve 10, and the other end of each horizontal jet pipe 6 is connected to the vertical jet pipe 7 through an arc-shaped water pipe connector 9. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the diverter valve 10 uses the same output port to connect the horizontal jet pipes 6 respectively, which is conducive to the stability of the water pressure of the four horizontal jet pipes 6. Figure 6 As shown, the diverter valve 10, the horizontal jet tube 6, the arc-shaped water pipe connector 9 and the vertical jet tube 7 are fixedly connected and sealed by threads.

[0068] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, each horizontal jet tube 6 has five jet ports 11 evenly distributed and opening vertically downward; each vertical jet tube 7 has three jet ports 11 evenly distributed and opening obliquely downward on a tube wall close to the connected horizontal jet tube 6, and the closed end side wall of the vertical jet tube 7 is connected to one jet port 11. Figure 5 and Figure 7 A fixing position is set in the middle of each horizontal jet tube 6 and vertical jet tube 7, and two bolt holes 23 are set on both wings of the U-shaped fixture 5. Each U-shaped fixture 5 fixes the jet tube to the inner wall of the anchor tube 8 through four screws, and binds the horizontal jet tube 6 and the vertical jet tube 7 to the suction anchor.

[0069] The jet outlet 11 of the horizontal jet tube 6 on the top of the anchor cylinder 8 and the jet outlet 11 of the vertical jet tube 7 on the side wall of the anchor cylinder 8 are both facing the bottom of the anchor cylinder 8, so that the high-pressure water flow can impact the accumulated soil at the bottom of the anchor cylinder 8 from multiple angles, which is convenient for breaking up the solid soil plug and converting the solid soil plug into liquid muddy water mixed with water and soil.

[0070] The closed end side wall of the longitudinal jet tube 7 is connected to a jet port 11, which utilizes the principle of gravity and high-pressure water flow impact to reduce the risk of mud and water deposition inside the longitudinal jet tube 7 affecting the effect of breaking soil plugs.

[0071] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the extraction mechanism includes a drainage pipe 20 and a flow pump 19; a drainage port 3 is also provided on the top of the anchor barrel 8, a drainage pipe 21 outside the anchor barrel 8 is connected to the flow output end of the flow pump 19, and the flow input end of the flow pump 19 is connected to the inside of the anchor barrel 8 through the drainage port 3. The driving motor of the flow pump 19 starts and stops according to the burial depth signal received from the burial depth detection mechanism.

[0072] In order to prevent the fluid material discharged through the drainage pipe 20 by the extraction mechanism from breaking the soil plug and contaminating the water inlet pipe 21, the output end of the drainage pipe 20 and the input end of the water inlet pipe 21 have different directions and / or height differences. Figure 8 As shown, the output end of the discharge pipe 20 and the input end of the water inlet pipe 21 are in different directions and have a height difference. The water injection pump 18 and the flow extraction pump 19 are fixed to the same base. When working, the water injection pump 18 and the flow extraction pump 19 are fixed to the same base through the base. Figure 1 The outer top of the anchor barrel 8 is shown. When the anchor barrel 8 reaches the target burial depth, when the water injection pump 18 and the flow pump 19 are no longer needed, in order to reduce the difficulty and cost of long-term underwater maintenance of the water injection pump 18 and the flow pump 19, the base and the outer top of the anchor barrel 8 can be separated, and the base together with the water injection pump 18 and the flow pump 19 can be recovered and preserved. When the suction anchor is equipped with an underwater robot, the drainage pipe 20 can be connected to the pipeline to discharge the extracted fluid material to an area far away from the suction anchor to prevent the extracted muddy water from affecting the robot's working field.

[0073] like Figure 1 As shown, the burial depth detection mechanism includes a light emitting device 24 and a light sensor 25; the light emitting device 24 and the light sensor 25 are arranged at the target burial depth position of the outer body of the anchor tube 8, and the light emitting device 24 and the light sensor 25 should also be arranged away from the drainage pipe 20 to prevent the muddy water discharged from the drainage pipe 20 from affecting the detection effect of the burial depth detection mechanism; the light emitting device 24 is connected to the light sensor 25, and the light sensor 25 detects the light emitted by the light emitting device 24 and outputs a feedback signal. The burial depth detection mechanism detects the burial depth of the anchor tube 8 according to the feedback signal of the light sensor 25.

[0074] When the anchor barrel 8 is first used, when the penetration depth reaches the target burial depth, the light emitting device 24 is buried in the water bottom surface, the light of the light emitting device 24 is blocked, and the light sensor 25 detects the change in light intensity and feeds back a signal of light blocking, that is, it is detected that the anchor barrel 8 has reached the target burial depth. When the target burial depth is reached, the burial depth detection mechanism outputs a stop signal to control the driving motor of the pumping pump 19 to stop running; when the target burial depth is not reached, the burial depth detection mechanism outputs a start signal to control the driving motor of the pumping pump 19 to start.

[0075] When the anchor cylinder 8 is in service for a long time, Figure 1 As shown, the burial depth detection mechanism is arranged on the upper part of the same side of the mooring ring 4. The burial depth detection mechanism is also used to detect whether the groove 26 generated by the reciprocating cutting of the anchor chain 28 on the underwater soil 27 affects the burial depth of the anchor barrel 8 according to the feedback signal of the light sensor 25, and to detect whether the suction anchor produces an upward displacement under the action of long-term load, thereby affecting the burial depth of the anchor barrel 8; when the light of the light emitting device 24 is exposed to the water again, the light sensor 25 detects the change in light intensity and feeds back a signal of light recovery, that is, it is detected that the burial depth of the anchor barrel 8 is affected, and the change in burial depth may affect the tensile bearing capacity of the suction anchor. Accordingly, the burial depth detection mechanism outputs a burial depth change signal feedback control system to remind the staff that the burial depth of the anchor barrel 8 has changed and has not reached the target burial depth. The staff mobilizes the construction equipment to deepen the burial depth of the anchor barrel 8 again according to the received burial depth change signal.

[0076] Embodiment 2

[0077] Based on Example 1, this example introduces a method for using a suction anchor, which is used for the suction anchor in Example 1. When the suction anchor is lowered to the target bottom surface, the method includes the following steps:

[0078] S1: Start the extraction mechanism, the soil plug detection mechanism 22 and the burial depth detection mechanism;

[0079] The extraction mechanism extracts the fluid material inside the anchor cylinder 8 and discharges it out of the anchor cylinder 8. The soil plug detection mechanism 22 detects whether the soil plug height inside the anchor cylinder 8 increases to the upper target height or decreases to the lower target height. The burial depth detection mechanism detects whether the burial depth of the anchor cylinder 8 reaches the target burial depth.

[0080] S2: When the height of the soil plug increases to the upper target height of step S1, the crushing mechanism is started to crush the soil plug and convert the solid soil plug into fluid material, and the extraction mechanism extracts the fluid material inside the anchor cylinder 8 and discharges it from the anchor cylinder 8;

[0081] S3: When the height of the soil plug drops to the lower limit target height of step S1, the crushing mechanism is closed, and the extraction mechanism extracts the fluid material inside the anchor cylinder 8 and discharges it out of the anchor cylinder 8;

[0082] S4: cyclically execute steps S1 to S3 until the burial depth detection mechanism detects that the burial depth of the anchor barrel 8 reaches the target burial depth, and closes the extraction mechanism.

[0083] When the suction anchor of Example 1 is used to fix an offshore platform, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the wing 1, the lifting ring 12 and the mooring ring 4 are respectively fixed to the anchor barrel 8 by welding, the lifting ring 12 is evenly distributed around the top of the anchor barrel 8, and the mooring ring 4 is used to connect the anchor chain 28 to fix the offshore platform; during the installation of the suction anchor, the installation ship crane lowers the suction anchor through the cable connected to the lifting ring 12, so that the suction anchor is lowered to the seabed plane at a uniform speed, and the water inlet 2 and the discharge port 3 are fully opened. The suction anchor first sinks to a certain depth of the seabed under the action of its own gravity. When it cannot continue to sink only by its own gravity, the water inlet 2 is closed, and the water in the anchor barrel 8 is pumped out by the suction pump 19, forming a negative pressure in the anchor barrel 8 to make the suction anchor continue to sink.

[0084] After the suction anchor penetrates into the seabed to a certain depth by means of "negative pressure" generated by its own weight and pumping, the soil at the bottom of the anchor is easy to flow into the anchor under the soil squeezing effect of the anchor wall and the "suction" in the anchor barrel 8, and the mud surface in the anchor continues to rise, i.e., a "soil plug" is formed. As the penetration proceeds, the soil plug will contact the anchor top in advance, causing the suction anchor to be unable to continue sinking. At this time, the water inlet 2 and the discharge port 3 are all opened, and the water injection pump 18 injects high-pressure water into the diverter valve 10 through the water inlet 2. The diverter valve 10 evenly divides the high-pressure water into the horizontal jet pipe 6 and the longitudinal jet pipe 7 connected to the horizontal jet pipe 6, and outputs high-pressure water from all directions to the bottom of the anchor barrel 8 through the jet port 11, so as to completely break the soil plug. At the same time, the suction pump 19 is used to discharge the mud and water in the anchor barrel 8 to a distant place through the discharge pipe 20. After the soil plug is eliminated, under the action of the suction pump, due to the principle of internal and external pressure difference, the suction anchor can then continue to sink.

[0085] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the use process of the suction anchor of this embodiment:

[0086] Step 1: Process ① in the figure is the suction anchor suction penetration process; after the suction anchor is hoisted to the seabed surface, it sinks to a certain depth under the action of its own weight. When it cannot continue to sink, the water inlet 2 is closed, and the suction pump 19 is turned on to extract the fluid material inside the suction anchor. At this time, the fluid material is mostly seawater. The suction anchor continues to sink under the action of the internal and external pressure difference. At the same time, under the soil squeezing effect of the anchor wall and the "suction" in the anchor barrel, a soil plug is formed in the anchor and gradually increases;

[0087] Step 2: Process ② in the figure is the suction anchor soil plug crushing process; the soil plug height increases to the upper limit, the suction pump 19 cannot extract the solid soil plug, and the pressure difference inside and outside the anchor tube 8 cannot make the suction anchor continue to sink; the soil plug detection mechanism 22 transmits a signal to the crushing mechanism, and the water injection pump 18 of the crushing mechanism receives the signal and starts, and the water injection pump 18 and the suction pump 19 work together, and the water injection pump 18 outputs high-pressure water flow to crush the soil plug in many aspects from all directions, converting the solid soil plug into fluid material, and the muddy water formed is discharged to a distant place by the suction pump 19 of the extraction mechanism through the discharge pipe 19;

[0088] Step 3: Process ③ in the figure is the process of the suction anchor continuing to sink using suction; when the soil plug in the anchor tube 8 is eliminated, the water injection pump 18 of the crushing mechanism receives the signal to stop and close the water inlet 2, and the suction pump 19 extracts the fluid material inside the suction anchor. At this time, the fluid material is mostly seawater, and the suction anchor continues to sink;

[0089] Step 4: Process ④ in the figure is to execute steps 1 to 3 in a loop until the buried depth detection mechanism detects that the buried depth of the anchor barrel 8 reaches the target buried depth, and the suction pump 19 of the extraction mechanism is closed.

[0090] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the enlightenment of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the purpose of the present invention and the claims, which all fall within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A suction anchor, characterized in that: It comprises an anchor barrel (8), and a soil plug detection mechanism (22), a crushing mechanism, an extraction mechanism, and a burial depth detection mechanism arranged on the anchor barrel (8); The anchor cylinder (8) is a hollow structure with a closed top and an open bottom; The soil plug detection mechanism (22) is arranged inside the anchor cylinder (8) and is used to detect the height of the soil plug inside the anchor cylinder (8); The crushing mechanism is used to crush the soil plug in the anchor cylinder (8) according to the soil plug height signal of the soil plug detection mechanism (22), and convert the solid soil plug into a fluid substance; The extraction mechanism is used to extract the fluid material inside the anchor barrel (8) and discharge it out of the anchor barrel (8) according to the burial depth signal of the burial depth detection mechanism; The burial depth detection mechanism is used to detect the burial depth of the anchor barrel (8).

2. The suction anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A wing plate (1) is fixed to the outer periphery of the anchor barrel (8), the wing plate (1) being larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, the upper edge of the wing plate (1) facing the top of the anchor barrel (8), and the lower edge of the wing plate (1) facing the bottom of the anchor barrel (8).

3. The suction anchor according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also comprises a mooring ring (4), wherein the mooring ring (4) is used for mooring an anchor chain (28), and wing plates (1) are respectively provided on both sides of the mooring ring (4), and the wing plates (1) arranged in parallel on both sides of the mooring ring (4) are used for limiting the anchor chain (28).

4. The suction anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil plug detection mechanism (22) comprises an electronic equipment box (13), a laser rangefinder (14), an inner sleeve (17) and an outer sleeve (16); The electronic equipment box (13) is fixed in the anchor barrel (8), and the electronic equipment box (13) has a built-in laser rangefinder (14). The electronic device box (13) is provided with a laser transmission port and an inner sleeve (17) extends from the laser transmission port in the direction of laser transmission. The inner sleeve (17) is internally penetrated and the outer circumference is slidably and sealingly connected to the inner wall of the outer sleeve (16). One end of the outer sleeve (16) is limited to the inner sleeve (17) and the other end is closed. The closed end of the outer sleeve (16) faces the lower part of the anchor sleeve (8). The interior of the inner sleeve (17) and the interior of the outer sleeve (16) form a laser transmission path. The soil plug detection mechanism (22) detects the height of the soil plug inside the anchor cylinder (8) according to the length of the laser transmission path.

5. The suction anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing mechanism comprises a water inlet pipe (21), a water injection pump (18), a horizontal jet pipe (6) and a vertical jet pipe (7); A water inlet (2) is provided at the center of the top of the anchor barrel (8); a water inlet pipe (21) outside the anchor barrel (8) is connected to the water injection input end of the water injection pump (18); the water injection output end of the water injection pump (18) is connected to one end of a horizontal jet pipe (6) inside the anchor barrel (8) through the water inlet (2); the other end of the horizontal jet pipe (6) extends to the side wall of the anchor barrel (8) and is connected to one end of a vertical jet pipe (7); the other end of the vertical jet pipe (7) is closed; a plurality of jet ports (11) are evenly provided on the pipe wall of the horizontal jet pipe (6) and the pipe wall of the vertical jet pipe (7); the jet ports (11) are used to output high-pressure water flow; and a driving motor of the water injection pump (18) is started and stopped according to a soil plug height signal received from a soil plug detection mechanism (22).

6. The suction anchor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The jet port (11) is a radial straight-line incision, and the jet port (11) is directed toward the bottom of the anchor tube (8); When there are a plurality of transverse jet tubes (6), the transverse jet tubes (6) are evenly distributed and fixed on the top of the anchor cylinder (8), and the longitudinal jet tubes (7) are fixed on the side wall of the anchor cylinder (8); The closed end side wall of the longitudinal jet tube (7) is connected to a jet port (11).

7. The suction anchor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The extraction mechanism comprises a discharge pipe (20) and a discharge pump (19); A discharge port (3) is also provided at the top of the anchor barrel (8); a discharge pipe (21) outside the anchor barrel (8) is connected to a discharge output end of a discharge pump (19); a discharge input end of the discharge pump (19) is connected to the inside of the anchor barrel (8) through the discharge port (3); and a drive motor of the discharge pump (19) is started and stopped according to a buried depth signal received from a buried depth detection mechanism.

8. The suction anchor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The output end of the drainage pipe (20) and the input end of the water inlet pipe (21) are oriented in different directions and / or have a height difference.

9. The suction anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The burial depth detection mechanism comprises a light emitting device (24) and a light sensor (25); The light emitting device (24) and the light sensor (25) are arranged at a target burial depth position of the outer body of the anchor barrel (8); the light emitting device (24) is connected to the light sensor (25); the light sensor (25) detects light emitted by the light emitting device (24) and outputs a feedback signal; and the burial depth detection mechanism detects the burial depth of the anchor barrel (8) according to the feedback signal of the light sensor (25).

10. A method for using a suction anchor, characterized in that: The suction anchor according to any one of claims 1 to 9, when lowered to a target water bottom surface, comprises the following steps: S1: starting the extraction mechanism, the soil plug detection mechanism (22) and the burial depth detection mechanism; The extraction mechanism extracts the fluid material inside the anchor barrel (8) and discharges it out of the anchor barrel (8); the soil plug detection mechanism (22) detects whether the height of the soil plug inside the anchor barrel (8) increases to an upper target height or decreases to a lower target height; and the burial depth detection mechanism detects whether the burial depth of the anchor barrel (8) reaches a target burial depth; S2: When the height of the soil plug increases to the upper target height of step S1, the crushing mechanism is started to crush the soil plug and convert the solid soil plug into fluid material, and the extraction mechanism extracts the fluid material inside the anchor cylinder (8) and discharges it out of the anchor cylinder (8); S3: When the height of the soil plug drops to the lower limit target height of step S1, the crushing mechanism is closed, and the extraction mechanism extracts the fluid material inside the anchor cylinder (8) and discharges it out of the anchor cylinder (8); S4: Steps S1 to S3 are executed in a loop until the burial depth detection mechanism detects that the burial depth of the anchor barrel (8) reaches the target burial depth, and the extraction mechanism is closed.

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