Energy scheduling method, energy management unit, computer readable storage medium and energy storage system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage systems, and discloses an energy scheduling method, an energy management unit, a computer readable storage medium and an energy storage system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring target power information; according to the target power information, sending a target power scheduling instruction from the energy storage inversion unit to a first micro-control unit to obtain first scheduling time and second scheduling time; respectively sending a target data request instruction to a battery management unit, a first micro-control unit and a second micro-control unit to obtain target data and third scheduling time; obtaining an energy scheduling period according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time and the third scheduling time; and performing energy scheduling according to the energy scheduling period. By quantizing the energy scheduling period to replace experience setting, the defect that the energy scheduling period is too long or too short due to the fact that an experience method cannot cover the delay superposition effect of multiple communication paths is overcome, then the overcharge / discharge risk is avoided, and the safety of the system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of energy storage systems, and particularly to an energy scheduling method, an energy management unit, a computer-readable storage medium, and an energy storage system. Background Art

[0002] With the wide application of renewable energy, especially photovoltaic power generation, and the continuous development of the power market, the demand for photovoltaic grid-connected energy storage systems is also increasing. These systems usually consist of multiple components such as a battery management unit (e.g., Battery Management System, BMS), an energy storage inverter unit (e.g., Power Conversion System, PCS), and an energy management unit (e.g., Energy Management System, EMS).

[0003] As the brain of the energy storage system, the EMS calculates the target power and issues energy scheduling after collecting data from each unit. The time base setting of the existing EMS for energy scheduling mostly depends on the experience of engineers and lacks a unified standard. Its common problems include: 1. Data asynchronization: Different modules use different communication protocols, and the difference in data refresh cycles leads to inconsistent information received by the EMS. For example, when all the photovoltaic power of the system is fed into the power grid, but the photovoltaic power is refreshed once every second, while the grid power is refreshed once every two seconds. When the photovoltaic power fluctuates, there will definitely be a situation where the photovoltaic power is not equal to the grid power. 2. Uncontrollable scheduling delay: The communication link delay and power regulation time are not quantified, and the empirical method cannot cover the delay superposition effect of multiple communication paths. The scheduling period may be too long or too short, resulting in the mismatch between the scheduling instruction and the system state, which further leads to the risk of overcharging / discharging, and further affects the stability and safety of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of this application mainly solve the technical problem of how to rationalize the energy scheduling period to improve the system safety and stability.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, a technical solution adopted in an embodiment of the present application is: to provide an energy scheduling method, which is applied to an energy management unit. The energy management unit is communicatively connected to an energy storage inverter unit, a battery management unit, and a second microcontroller unit respectively. The energy storage inverter unit is also communicatively connected to a first microcontroller unit. The method includes: obtaining target power information; according to the target power information, sending a target power scheduling instruction to the energy storage inverter unit, so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, obtains the target power information, and transmits the target power information to the first microcontroller unit; wherein, the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first microcontroller unit is the first scheduling time; the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction is the second scheduling time; respectively sending target data request instructions to the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit to obtain target data returned by the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit respectively when they respond to the target data request instructions, respectively recording the time used by each unit from receiving the target data request instruction to returning the target data to obtain respective data response times, determining a third scheduling time according to the respective data response times; obtaining an energy scheduling period according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time; and performing energy scheduling according to the energy scheduling period.

[0006] In some embodiments, obtaining the respective data response times includes: obtaining a first response time according to the time required for the energy management unit to send the target data request instruction to the battery management unit and the time required for the battery management unit to return the target data to the energy management unit when responding to the target data request instruction; obtaining a second response time according to the time required for the energy management unit to send the target data request instruction to the first microcontroller unit and the time required for the first microcontroller unit to return the target data to the energy management unit when responding to the target data request instruction; obtaining a third response time according to the time required for the energy management unit to send the target data request instruction to the second microcontroller unit and the time required for the second microcontroller unit to return the target data to the energy management unit when responding to the target data request instruction.

[0007] In some embodiments, determining the third scheduling time according to the respective data response times includes: sorting the first response time, the second response time, and the third response time, determining the maximum value among the first response time, the second response time, and the third response time, and recording the maximum value as the third scheduling time.

[0008] In some embodiments, the method further includes: making a target data request according to the respective data response times and the energy scheduling period.

[0009] In some embodiments, the making a target data request according to the respective data response times and the energy scheduling period includes: obtaining a first request time according to the first response time and the energy scheduling period; obtaining a second request time according to the second response time and the energy scheduling period; obtaining a third request time according to the third response time and the energy scheduling period; the energy management unit sending a first target data request instruction to the battery management unit at the first request time to obtain first target data returned by the battery management unit; the energy management unit sending a second target data request instruction to the first microcontroller unit at the second request time to obtain second target data returned by the first microcontroller unit; the energy management unit sending a third target data request instruction to the second microcontroller unit at the third request time to obtain third target data returned by the second microcontroller unit; wherein, the time when the energy management unit obtains the first target data, the second target data and the third target data is the same moment; the energy management unit performing energy scheduling according to the first target data, the second target data and the third target data.

[0010] In some embodiments, the obtaining target power information includes: receiving a scheduling task instruction; in response to the scheduling task instruction, obtaining historical operation data and system current operation state data; and obtaining the target power information according to the historical operation data and the system current operation state data.

[0011] To solve the above technical problems, another technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present application is: providing an energy management unit, including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and when the instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the at least one processor is enabled to execute the above-mentioned energy scheduling method.

[0012] To solve the above technical problems, yet another technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present application is: providing a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the steps of the above-mentioned method.

[0013] To solve the above technical problems, another technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present application is: to provide an energy storage system, the system includes: an energy management unit, an energy storage inverter unit, a battery management unit, a first micro control unit, and a second micro control unit as described above. The energy management unit is respectively communicatively connected to the second micro control unit, the battery management unit, and the energy storage inverter unit. The energy storage inverter unit is also communicatively connected to the first micro control unit. The energy management unit is specifically configured to: obtain target power information; according to the target power information, send a target power scheduling instruction to the energy storage inverter unit, so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, obtains the target power information, and transmits the target power information to the first micro control unit. Wherein, the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first micro control unit is the first scheduling time. The maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction is the second scheduling time. Respectively send target data request instructions to the battery management unit, the first micro control unit, and the second micro control unit to obtain the target data returned by the battery management unit, the first micro control unit, and the second micro control unit respectively when responding to the target data request instruction. Respectively record the time used by each unit from receiving the target data request instruction to returning the target data to obtain the data response time of each unit. Determine the third scheduling time according to the data response time of each unit. Obtain an energy scheduling period according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time. Perform energy scheduling according to the energy scheduling period.

[0014] In some embodiments, the energy storage system is further configured to: perform target data requests according to the data response time of each unit and the energy scheduling period.

[0015] Different from the related art, the present application proposes a method for quantifying the energy scheduling period based on the coupling of multi-dimensional time parameters, constructs a communication delay-power regulation rate collaborative model, and determines the energy scheduling period (T = a + b + c) according to the target power distribution delay (the first scheduling time a: the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first micro control unit), the power regulation time (the second scheduling time b: the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction), and the end-to-end delay (the third scheduling time c: the response time for the EMS to issue the target data request instruction and each unit to respond to the request instruction and return the target data). By quantifying the energy scheduling period to replace the empirical setting, it avoids the defect that the energy scheduling period is too long or too short caused by the delay superposition effect of the empirical method that cannot cover multiple communication paths, thereby avoiding the overcharge / discharge risk and improving the safety of the system.

[0016] In a further solution, an active request-based data synchronization mechanism is designed to replace the traditional periodic reporting of data information by each unit. The EMS actively requests data and reasonably plans the sending time of the target data request according to the response times of each unit (battery management unit, first micro-control unit, and second micro-control unit), so that the target data fed back by each unit is synchronized. On the one hand, it avoids the continuous occupation of communication bandwidth and reduces channel congestion. On the other hand, it provides accurate data for energy scheduling and improves the stability of system operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] One or more embodiments are exemplarily illustrated by corresponding drawings. These exemplary illustrations do not limit the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings represent similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings do not constitute a scale limitation.

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of the structure of an energy storage system provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a schematic hardware structure diagram of an energy management unit provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3a is a state diagram of the low-frequency upload of the energy scheduling period and operation status data in the prior art; Figure 3b is a state diagram of the high-frequency upload of the energy scheduling period and operation status data in the prior art; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of making a target data request according to the energy scheduling period and each data response time provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is a flowchart of an energy scheduling method provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0019] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] It should be noted that if there is no conflict, the various features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, and all are within the protection scope of the present application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present application belongs. The terms used in the specification of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present application. The term "and / or" used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0021] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 which is a schematic block diagram of the structure of an energy storage system provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 1 shown, the energy storage system 100 includes: an energy management unit 10, an energy storage inverter unit 20, a battery management unit 30, a first micro-control unit 40, and a second micro-control unit 50. The energy management unit 10 is communicatively connected to the second micro-control unit 50, the battery management unit 30, and the energy storage inverter unit 20 respectively. The energy storage inverter unit 20 is also communicatively connected to the first micro-control unit 40.

[0022] Among them, the energy management unit 10 can be an EMS, that is, the core control unit in the energy storage system, usually an embedded computing platform or an industrial controller, equipped with relevant software algorithms, and used to optimize and manage the energy scheduling of the entire system. Its components include but are not limited to: an embedded computing unit, a communication unit, a software algorithm unit, and a data acquisition interface component. Its working principle is as follows: The EMS obtains grid power information (provided by the second micro-control unit 50), battery state information (provided by the battery management unit 30), and inverter operation data (provided by the energy storage inverter unit 20) through the communication unit. According to the collected data, the EMS calculates the target power command and sends it to the energy storage inverter unit 20, and the energy storage inverter unit 20 actually executes the power regulation. Its functions usually include: power calculation: calculating the target power of the energy storage system according to the battery state, load demand, grid information, etc.; data acquisition: actively obtaining data from the energy storage inverter unit 20 and the battery management unit 30 through the CAN bus, and periodically obtaining grid power information from the second micro-control unit 50; scheduling control: sending power commands according to the calculation results to achieve dynamic control of the energy storage system and improve the overall efficiency and stability.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 which is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the energy management unit 10 provided by an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 2 shown, the energy management unit 10 includes: at least one processor 11; and a memory 12 communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11, Figure 2Take a processor 11 as an example. The memory 12 stores instructions that can be executed by at least one processor 11. The instructions are executed by at least one processor 11 so that at least one processor 11 can execute the energy scheduling method. The processor 11 and the memory 12 can be connected through a bus or other means. Figure 2 Take the connection through the bus as an example.

[0024] As a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, the memory 12 can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer-executable programs, and modules. The processor 11 executes various functional applications and data processing of the server by running the non-volatile software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 12, that is, to implement the energy scheduling method.

[0025] The memory 12 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. Among them, the program storage area can store an operating system and application programs required for at least one function; the data storage area can store data created according to the use of the computing device, etc. In addition, the memory 12 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices. In some of these embodiments, the memory 12 may optionally include a memory remotely set relative to the processor 11, and these remote memories can be connected to the computing device through a network. Examples of the above network include but are not limited to the Internet, an enterprise intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof. The one or more modules are stored in the memory 12 and, when executed by one or more processors 11, execute the energy scheduling method.

[0026] The energy storage inverter unit 20 can be a PCS, that is, the inverter unit in the energy storage system, which is responsible for the conversion between alternating current and direct current, and the control of the output and input of electric energy. In practice, its components include but are not limited to: a power conversion unit, a control unit, a communication unit, and power electronic devices. Its working principle is that the PCS realizes the dynamic output or input of electric energy according to the power instruction issued by the EMS. In photovoltaic energy storage applications, the PCS also needs to process the direct current of photovoltaic power generation and convert it into available alternating current, or directly store it in the battery. Its functions usually include: power conversion: realizing the bidirectional conversion between direct current and alternating current (inverter mode) or between alternating current and direct current (rectifier mode); power regulation: outputting the target power according to the scheduling instruction of the EMS to ensure the power balance of the power grid; data monitoring: monitoring and feeding back information such as inverter power, photovoltaic power, and grid status; protection function: preventing abnormalities such as overcurrent, overvoltage, and overheating to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.

[0027] The battery management unit 30 can be a BMS, which is used to monitor and manage the operating status of the battery. It is usually composed of sensors, a controller, a communication unit, and a protection circuit. Its working principle is as follows: The BMS monitors parameters such as the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery in real time, calculates the state of charge (SOC) and state of power (SOP) of the battery, and transmits this data to the EMS. The EMS optimizes the energy scheduling based on the data provided by the BMS and the overall system requirements. At the same time, the BMS protects the battery charging and discharging process according to its internal logic. Its functions usually include: Battery protection: By monitoring battery parameters, prevent overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating to ensure the safe operation of the battery; Data acquisition: Collect information such as the current, voltage, and SOP of the battery for the EMS to perform power calculations; System coordination: As an interface module between the battery and the EMS, achieve efficient data transmission and control.

[0028] The first micro-control unit 40 is a microcontroller (MCU) or an embedded processor, which is used to execute the power regulation function of the PCS. It is usually composed of a microprocessor, a communication interface, and an input / output interface. Its working principle is as follows: The first micro-control unit 40 is closely integrated with the PCS and acquires operating data (such as inverter power and photovoltaic power) through data interaction. Its functions usually include: Data acquisition and preprocessing: Monitor the operating status of the PCS in real time, including parameters such as power and frequency. Instruction execution: Receive the electrical parameters of the PCS (such as voltage, current, and power), and generate control instructions (such as charge-discharge switching and power regulation) according to a preset algorithm; Execute local closed-loop control (such as the PID algorithm) to quickly respond to system state changes. Communication coordination: Serve as a bridge between local sensors and the PCS, responsible for uploading data and issuing instructions.

[0029] The second micro-control unit 50 is a unit responsible for collecting grid power data in the energy storage system, usually an embedded device or a controller. Its working principle is as follows: By collecting information such as the voltage, current, and frequency of the grid, calculate the grid power in real time and transmit this data to the EMS. Its functions usually include: Data acquisition: Monitor grid power information and provide input data for the EMS to perform power calculations; Grid status monitoring: Provide real-time grid status data for the EMS to help optimize energy scheduling.

[0030] Regarding Figure 1 For the structure of the energy storage system shown, the energy management unit 10 is preferably communicatively connected to the energy storage inverter unit 20 and the battery management unit 30 through a CAN bus. The energy storage inverter unit 20 is preferably communicatively connected to the first micro-control unit 40 through TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic). The energy management unit 10 is preferably communicatively connected to the second micro-control unit 50 through a 485 bus.

[0031] Specifically, the energy management unit 10 is specifically configured to: obtain target power information; according to the target power information, send a target power scheduling instruction to the energy storage inverter unit, so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, obtains the target power information, and transmits the target power information to the first microcontroller unit; wherein, the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first microcontroller unit is the first scheduling time a; the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction is the second scheduling time b; respectively send target data request instructions to the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit to obtain the target data returned by the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit respectively when responding to the target data request instruction, respectively record the time used by each unit from receiving the target data request instruction to returning the target data, obtain each data response time, and determine the third scheduling time c according to the each data response time; obtain the energy scheduling period T according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time; perform energy scheduling according to the energy scheduling period.

[0032] First, the energy management unit (EMS) calculates and obtains the target power information of the system, providing a basis for subsequent energy scheduling. In some embodiments, obtaining the target power information includes: receiving a scheduling task instruction; in response to the scheduling task instruction, obtaining historical operation data and system current operation state data; and obtaining the target power information according to the historical operation data and the system current operation state data.

[0033] It can be understood that the EMS receives a scheduling task instruction from a superior system (such as a power grid dispatching center or a user control center). The scheduling task instruction usually contains the following information: scheduling objective: the objective that the system needs to achieve (such as maintaining the stability of the power grid frequency, optimizing the battery life, etc.); power demand range: the upper and lower limits of the target power (such as the maximum charging or discharging power limit); effective time: the specific time point when the target power needs to start scheduling; duration: the execution duration of the target power scheduling. The EMS parses the received instruction, verifies the validity of the instruction, and records it in the task queue to enter the next processing flow. Secondly, the EMS calls the data storage module to query the historical operation data related to the scheduling task and collects the current real-time operation state of the system through the communication unit. Thirdly, after integrating the historical operation data and the current operation state data, the EMS inputs them into the scheduling algorithm. According to the scheduling objective, the algorithm is used to calculate the target power. The algorithms used include, but are not limited to: algorithms based on power balance, algorithms based on battery protection. Finally, check whether the calculated target power meets the following constraints: whether it is within the power range allowed by the system (not exceeding the power limits of the PCS and the battery), and whether the system response time is considered.

[0034] In this embodiment, the EMS can accurately calculate the target power information that meets the current requirements based on the scheduling task instructions, combined with the historical data and real-time status of the system. This not only improves the accuracy and timeliness of scheduling, but also effectively protects the battery system, extends the service life of the equipment, meets the grid scheduling requirements, and ensures the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0035] According to the target power information, the EMS sends a target power scheduling instruction to the energy storage inverter unit (PCS) so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, decomposes and optimizes the target power information, and then transmits it to the first microcontroller unit; where the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first microcontroller unit is the first scheduling time a, and the first scheduling time a is the target power distribution delay, including the delays of information transmission, data processing, and feedback, as Figure 1 shown, a = X1 + X2.

[0036] It can be understood that the EMS generates a target power scheduling instruction according to the target power information. The content of the scheduling instruction includes the required power output or input amount, usually including parameters such as current, voltage, and frequency. Subsequently, the EMS sends the target power scheduling instruction to the energy storage inverter unit 20 (PCS). When the PCS receives the target power scheduling instruction from the EMS, it decomposes and optimizes the power according to the actual state of the system and sends the following core information to the first microcontroller unit in the lower level ( Figure 1 ): power setting value (specific power instruction after decomposition, such as the DC side voltage / current target value), working mode instruction (charge / discharge mode switching, grid-connected / off-grid mode selection), dynamic adjustment parameter (power ramp rate, limit value), protection threshold (overvoltage / undervoltage, overcurrent, temperature protection threshold), timing synchronization signal (switching frequency, PMW duty cycle reference value). The first microcontroller unit completes the following real-time control actions according to the information sent by the PCS: (1) power closed-loop regulation: voltage / current regulation, dynamic response; (2) mode switching and status management: analyze the working mode instruction of the PCS and switch the hardware circuit state; (3) safety monitoring and protection: real-time monitoring, fault reporting; (4) data acquisition and preprocessing: sample signals such as battery cell voltage and radiator temperature, and upload them to the PCS after preprocessing.

[0037] For the first scheduling time a, the delay can be shortened in the following ways: (1) Trigger immediate transmission: When the communication mode is periodic transmission, the EMS can immediately send a scheduling instruction in the next cycle after receiving the new target power calculation result. In system design, the immediate execution of the new target power transmission can be ensured through hardware interrupts or high-priority tasks, thereby shortening the waiting time. This means that after the target power calculation is completed, the EMS should immediately actively request the subordinate device (PCS) to perform power adjustment and immediately send a scheduling instruction. By immediately sending the scheduling instruction, the EMS can more efficiently control the timing of data transmission and reduce unnecessary delays. (2) Optimize the communication protocol: Adopt a high-speed communication protocol. For example, the CAN bus is preferably used between the EMS and the PCS, and TTL communication is preferably used between the PCS and the first micro-control unit to reduce transmission delays. Another example is to reduce the amount of redundant data in the communication frame and only send the key information required for the target power. By compressing the data volume and optimizing the data frame structure, the time required for each transmission can be reduced. (3) Optimize the hardware design: Ensure a higher physical transmission rate for the communication link between the EMS and the PCS. For example, upgrade the bus rate or reduce other communication loads on the bus to reduce the probability of communication conflicts. Another example is to use a two-way communication method to reduce the inter-frame interval time. For example, adjust the frame priority in the CAN bus to ensure that the frames related to the target power are sent with a higher priority. It can be understood that by optimizing multiple aspects of the communication protocol and communication mode, the first scheduling time a can be significantly reduced. This optimization can make the system respond more quickly, improve the overall power scheduling efficiency, and ensure that the energy storage system can perform stable power adjustment according to the predetermined target.

[0038] Secondly, the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit (PCS) to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction is the second scheduling time b, and the second scheduling time b is the power adjustment time. It can be understood that the second scheduling time b refers to the maximum time for the PCS to adjust the power, and it is usually fixed. The PCS adjusts the output or input according to the target power, and the adjustment process will affect the current of the battery and the power at the grid end. There is a fixed adjustment rate during the adjustment process, usually x watts per second. The maximum adjustment time occurs during the process of adjusting from the maximum charging power to the maximum discharging power or from the maximum discharging power to the maximum charging power. This is the most time-consuming stage when the system adjusts the power, which is recorded as the second scheduling time b.

[0039] Such as Figure 3a and 3bAs shown, it takes a + b time for the EMS to send the target power scheduling instruction to the PCS, then for the PCS to transmit it to the first microcontroller unit until the PCS finishes power adjustment. So far, for the scheduling of this target power, all data has been stable, and the stable period is S (S = a + b). After all data is stable, the EMS needs to obtain the stable operation status data (target data) of each unit after adjustment for the next target power calculation.

[0040] Traditional data acquisition is usually based on the periodic upload of each unit. As Figure 3a shown, for the energy scheduling period of the empirical method T tra , if the upload period of each unit is too long (low-frequency upload), it may lead to unstable operation status data obtained by the EMS. As Figure 3b shown, if the upload period of each unit is too short (high-frequency upload), it will increase the communication load rate and cause channel congestion.

[0041] In the embodiments of the present application, an active request-based data synchronization mechanism is designed to replace the traditional periodic reporting of data information by each unit, and the EMS actively requests data. The EMS respectively sends target data request instructions to the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit to obtain the target data returned by the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit respectively when responding to the target data request instructions. The time used from receiving the target data request instructions to returning the target data by the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit is respectively obtained to get the data response times, and the third scheduling time c is determined according to the data response times.

[0042] In some embodiments, obtaining the data response times includes: obtaining the first response time according to the time required for the energy management unit to send the target data request instruction to the battery management unit and the time required for the battery management unit to return the target data to the energy management unit when responding to the target data request instruction; obtaining the second response time according to the time required for the energy management unit to send the target data request instruction to the first microcontroller unit and the time required for the first microcontroller unit to return the target data to the energy management unit when responding to the target data request instruction; obtaining the third response time according to the time required for the energy management unit to send the target data request instruction to the second microcontroller unit and the time required for the second microcontroller unit to return the target data to the energy management unit when responding to the target data request instruction.

[0043] Determining the third scheduling time according to the data response times includes: sorting the first response time, the second response time, and the third response time, determining the maximum value among the first response time, the second response time, and the third response time, and recording the maximum value as the third scheduling time.

[0044] Taking the energy storage system 100 shown Figure 1 as an example, assume that it takes X1 + X2 seconds for the EMS to send a target data request instruction to the PCS and then to the first micro-control unit, and it takes X3 + X4 seconds for the corresponding target data to be fed back from the first micro-control unit to the PCS and then to the EMS. It takes at most X7 seconds for the EMS to send a target data request instruction to the BMS, and it takes X5 seconds for the corresponding target data to be fed back from the BMS to the EMS. It takes at most X8 seconds for the EMS to send a target data request instruction to the second micro-control unit, and it takes X6 seconds for the corresponding target data to be fed back from the second micro-control unit to the EMS (the frame interval time during device communication has been considered). Then, it can be confirmed that the end-to-end delay of each of the following three paths is: (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4) seconds, (X7 + X5) seconds, and (X8 + X6) seconds. The EMS selects the maximum value Max(X1 + X2 + X3 + X4, X7 + X5, X8 + X6) of the response times obtained from these three paths as the third scheduling time c.

[0045] It should be noted that during the process of obtaining the target data and the third scheduling time, the EMS adjusts the request priority by designing an active request mechanism, making the request instruction of the target data have a higher priority in the bus and reducing the interference of other non-target data communications. In addition, for the target data returned by the above three paths, for example, a dedicated channel can be designed to transmit the target data, avoiding sharing the same bus between the target data and other non-target data, and reducing waiting and congestion situations. For example, the BMS can be designed to send the target data through a dedicated CAN bus. Another example is that the transmission content of the data frame can be reduced, and only the target information (such as voltage, current, SOC, etc.) required for the EMS calculation is returned. By compressing and splitting the data, the frame transmission time is reduced.

[0046] In addition, according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time, the energy scheduling period is obtained.

[0047] It can be understood that the energy scheduling period consists of three parts of time, namely: The first scheduling time a: the time (X1 + X2) for the target power information to be transmitted from the Energy Management System (EMS) to the Energy Storage Inverter Unit (PCS) and then to the first micro-control unit. The second scheduling time b: the time for the Energy Storage Inverter Unit (PCS) to complete power regulation according to the target power scheduling instruction. This is usually determined by the hardware characteristics of the PCS and the maximum regulation rate (x watts per second). For example, the time taken to regulate from the maximum charging power to the maximum discharging power is the longest. The third scheduling time c: the maximum time Max(X1 + X2 + X3 + X4, X7 + X5, X8 + X6) required to obtain the target data returned from the BMS, the first micro-control unit, and the second micro-control unit after the request instruction is issued by the EMS. That is, the energy scheduling period is the total time T obtained by adding the first scheduling time a, the second scheduling time b, and the third scheduling time c (T = a + b + c).

[0048] Finally, energy scheduling is performed according to the energy scheduling period.

[0049] According to the calculation result of the energy scheduling period, the EMS needs to plan the trigger time point of the scheduling instruction to ensure the stability of the system and no overlap or conflict of instructions. Secondly, when the energy scheduling period is T, the trigger time of the next scheduling instruction should be set to the T-th second after the end of the current scheduling period. Secondly, within the energy scheduling period, the EMS needs to complete the following tasks: Target power calculation: Dynamically calculate the next target power value according to information such as real-time load demand and energy storage system status. Power scheduling instruction issuance: Complete the transmission of the target power information within the first scheduling time to ensure that the PCS and related devices receive the latest scheduling instruction. Target power execution: The PCS completes the regulation of the target power within the second scheduling time and synchronizes the regulation status to the EMS. Data collection and analysis: Collect feedback data from the BMS, the first micro-control unit, and the second micro-control unit within the third scheduling and analyze whether the scheduling target is met. In addition, the EMS needs to monitor the operating status of each device in real time during the scheduling period and handle abnormal situations in a timely manner. For example, if the PCS fails to complete the regulation within the second scheduling time, the EMS needs to issue a warning or reissue the scheduling instruction. Another example is that during the data collection process, if a certain data path (such as the BMS return time) exceeds the set threshold, the EMS needs to record and take optimization measures.

[0050] In this embodiment, by accurately obtaining the target power information and combining the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time, the energy scheduling period is dynamically calculated to achieve precise control of the scheduling process. In addition, the target power transmission time is shortened by optimizing the communication method, and the efficiency of data request and processing is optimized through parallelization and priority control, reducing the scheduling delay. Finally, through the efficient cooperation among the energy management unit, the battery management unit, the microcontroller unit, and the energy storage inverter unit, the stable operation of the system is ensured, while the flexibility and reliability of energy scheduling are improved to meet the real-time power requirements of complex application scenarios.

[0051] It can be understood that to ensure that the returned data is the latest and stable, the target data request should be triggered when the following two conditions are met: The previous scheduling instruction has been successfully issued: The EMS needs to send a target data request to each functional unit after the previous target power scheduling instruction is sent and executed, as the basis for calculating the target power during the next energy scheduling. Considering the communication delay and the energy scheduling period: According to the response time of each unit, the EMS needs to calculate an appropriate target data request time point to ensure that the sending of the request instruction does not conflict with the scheduling process. The EMS sends target data request instructions to each functional unit respectively according to the preset logic. After the target data request instruction is sent, the BMS, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit will return the target data according to the instruction content.

[0052] In some embodiments, the energy management unit is further configured to: perform a target data request according to the response time of each of the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit, and the energy scheduling period T.

[0053] From the example of obtaining the third scheduling time described in the above embodiment, it can be known that: the first response time is (X7 + X5) seconds, the second response time is (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4) seconds, and the third response time is (X8 + X6) seconds.

[0054] According to the first response time, the second response time, and the third response time, not only can the third scheduling time, that is, the maximum value among the three response times, be obtained, but also the first request time, the second request time, and the third request time required for energy scheduling can be obtained according to each data response time and the energy scheduling period.

[0055] In some embodiments, performing target data requests according to each data response time and energy scheduling period includes: obtaining a first request time according to a first response time and an energy scheduling period; obtaining a second request time according to a second response time and an energy scheduling period; obtaining a third request time according to a third response time and an energy scheduling period; the energy management unit sending a first target data request instruction to the battery management unit at the first request time to obtain first target data returned by the battery management unit; the energy management unit sending a second target data request instruction to the first microcontroller unit at the second request time to obtain second target data returned by the first microcontroller unit; the energy management unit sending a third target data request instruction to the second microcontroller unit at the third request time to obtain third target data returned by the second microcontroller unit; wherein, the time when the energy management unit obtains the first target data, the second target data, and the third target data is the same moment; the energy management unit performs energy scheduling according to the first target data, the second target data, and the third target data.

[0056] Such as Figure 4As shown in the figure, the EMS sets a pre-calculation time point t according to the energy scheduling cycle. This time point is the time point for energy scheduling calculation, that is, the EMS needs to complete the acquisition of all target data before this time point to ensure that the scheduling decision is based on the latest system state data. For example, if the EMS needs to calculate the next target power information at the t-th second, then the t-th second is the pre-calculation time point. This time point is used for target data synchronization. Generally speaking, the calculation time for the EMS to calculate the next target power information after obtaining the system target data (various state data) is very short and can be basically ignored compared to the entire energy scheduling cycle T. Assume that the previous scheduling instruction issuance time is t0, and according to the energy scheduling cycle T, the next scheduling instruction issuance time is t0 + T, and it can be defaulted that t = t0 + T. First, the EMS determines the time from sending the target data request instruction to receiving the data by analyzing the system communication path. For the battery management unit (BMS), the response time is (X7 + X5) seconds; for the first microcontroller unit, the response time is (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4) seconds; for the second microcontroller unit, the response time is (X8 + X6) seconds. Secondly, according to the energy scheduling cycle T (or the pre-calculation time point) and the response times of each functional unit, calculate when the EMS needs to send the target data request instruction to each module: The t - (X7 + X5) second is the time to send the first target data request instruction to the BMS. The t - (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4) second is the time to send the second target data request instruction to the first microcontroller unit. The t - (X8 + X6) second is the time to send the third target data request instruction to the second microcontroller unit. Finally, the EMS sends the target data request instructions to each functional unit in sequence according to the calculated time points above. At the first request time, the t - (X7 + X5) second, the EMS sends the target data request instruction to the BMS and receives the first target data. At the second request time, the t - (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4) second, the EMS sends the target data request instruction to the first microcontroller unit and receives the second target data. At the third request time, the t - (X8 + X6) second, the EMS sends the target data request instruction to the second microcontroller unit and receives the third target data. That is, through the above method, it can be ensured that the EMS completes the real-time reception of all target data at the same moment, so as to calculate the next target power information at this time point, thereby completing the real-time display of target data.

[0057] In this embodiment, by calculating the time point for sending a request instruction in advance based on the response time, it is ensured that the EMS can obtain the latest system status data at the pre-designed calculation moment. Through distributed response time management and precise time point control, delays that may occur during data transmission are avoided, channel congestion is reduced, and the real-time performance and scheduling efficiency of the system are improved. In addition, precise energy scheduling can be achieved in a complex energy storage system, effectively enhancing the reliability and response speed of system operation.

[0058] An embodiment of this application provides an energy storage system, which includes: an energy management unit, an energy storage inverter unit, a battery management unit, a first microcontroller unit, and a second microcontroller unit. The energy management unit is specifically configured to: obtain target power information; according to the target power information, send a target power scheduling instruction to the energy storage inverter unit, so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, obtains the target power information, and transmits the target power information to the first microcontroller unit; where the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first microcontroller unit is the first scheduling time; the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction is the second scheduling time; respectively send target data request instructions to the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit to obtain the target data returned by the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit respectively when responding to the target data request instruction, respectively obtain the time used by each unit from receiving the target data request instruction to returning the target data, obtain each data response time, and determine the third scheduling time according to the each data response time; obtain the energy scheduling period according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time; perform energy scheduling according to the energy scheduling period.

[0059] An embodiment of this application also provides an energy scheduling method, which is applied to the energy management unit 10. Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 is the flowchart of the energy scheduling method provided by an embodiment of this application. As Figure 5 shown, the method includes: S101: Obtain target power information; S102: According to the target power information, send a target power scheduling instruction to the energy storage inverter unit, so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, obtains the target power information, and transmits the target power information to the first microcontroller unit; where the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first microcontroller unit is the first scheduling time; the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction is the second scheduling time; S103: Send target data request instructions to the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit respectively, to obtain the target data returned by the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit respectively when responding to the target data request instructions, respectively obtain the time used by each unit from receiving the target data request instruction to returning the target data, obtain each data response time, and determine the third scheduling time according to the each data response time; S104: Obtain an energy scheduling period according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time; S105: Perform energy scheduling according to the energy scheduling period.

[0060] It should be noted that the above steps S101 to S105 are executed by the energy management unit 10 in the above embodiment, and its specific implementation can refer to the embodiment of the above energy storage system 100, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the execution method. Technical details not described in detail in the embodiment of the energy scheduling method can be found in the energy storage system 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0061] The present application proposes an energy scheduling period quantization method based on multi-dimensional time parameter coupling, constructs a communication delay-power regulation rate collaborative model, and determines the energy scheduling period (T = a + b + c) according to the target power delivery delay (the first scheduling time a: the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first microcontroller unit), the power regulation time (the second scheduling time b: the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction), and the end-to-end delay (the third scheduling time c: the response time for the EMS to issue the target data request instruction and each unit to respond to the request instruction and return the target data). By quantifying the energy scheduling period to replace the empirical setting, it avoids the defect that the energy scheduling period is too long or too short caused by the delay superposition effect of the empirical method that cannot cover multiple communication paths, and further avoids the overcharge / discharge risk, improving the safety of the system.

[0062] In a further solution, an active request-based data synchronization mechanism is designed to replace the traditional periodic reporting of data information by each unit. The EMS actively requests data, and reasonably plans the sending time of the target data request according to the response time of each unit (the battery management unit, the first microcontroller unit, and the second microcontroller unit), so that the target data fed back by each unit is synchronized. On the one hand, it avoids the continuous occupation of the communication bandwidth and reduces channel congestion. On the other hand, it provides accurate data for energy scheduling and improves the stability of system operation.

[0063] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is executed by one or more processors, for example Figure 2One of the processors 11 can enable the above-mentioned one or more processors 11 to execute the energy scheduling method in any of the above embodiments.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; under the idea of the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, and the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other changes in different aspects of the present application as described above. For the sake of brevity, they are not provided in detail; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. An energy scheduling method, the method is applied to an energy management unit, the energy management unit is respectively connected to the energy storage inverter unit, the battery management unit and the second micro control unit, the energy storage inverter unit is also connected to the first micro control unit, characterized in that: The method comprises: Obtain target power information; According to the target power information, a target power scheduling instruction is sent to the energy storage inverter unit, so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, obtains the target power information, and transmits the target power information to the first micro control unit; wherein the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first micro control unit is the first scheduling time; the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction is the second scheduling time; Sending a target data request instruction to the battery management unit, the first micro control unit, and the second micro control unit respectively, to obtain target data returned by the battery management unit, the first micro control unit, and the second micro control unit when each responds to the target data request instruction, respectively obtaining the time taken by each unit from receiving the target data request instruction to returning the target data, obtaining each data response time, and determining a third scheduling time according to each data response time; Obtaining an energy scheduling period according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time; Energy scheduling is performed according to the energy scheduling cycle.

2. The energy scheduling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of each data response time includes: Obtaining a first response time according to the time required for the energy management unit to send the target data request instruction to the battery management unit and the time required for the battery management unit to return the target data to the energy management unit in response to the target data request instruction; Obtaining a second response time according to the time required for the energy management unit to send the target data request instruction to the first micro control unit and the time required for the first micro control unit to return the target data to the energy management unit in response to the target data request instruction; A third response time is obtained according to the time required for the energy management unit to send the target data request instruction to the second micro control unit and the time required for the second micro control unit to return the target data to the energy management unit in response to the target data request instruction.

3. The energy scheduling method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The determining the third scheduling time according to the response time of each data includes: The first response time, the second response time, and the third response time are sorted, a maximum value among the first response time, the second response time, and the third response time is determined, and the maximum value is recorded as the third scheduling time.

4. The energy scheduling method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method further comprises: A target data request is made according to the data response time and the energy scheduling period.

5. The energy scheduling method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The performing target data request according to the data response time and the energy scheduling period includes: Obtaining a first request time according to the first response time and the energy scheduling period; Obtaining a second request time according to the second response time and the energy scheduling period; Obtaining a third request time according to the third response time and the energy scheduling period; The energy management unit sends a first target data request instruction to the battery management unit at the first request time to obtain the first target data returned by the battery management unit; The energy management unit sends a second target data request instruction to the first micro control unit at the second request time to obtain the second target data returned by the first micro control unit; The energy management unit sends a third target data request instruction to the second micro control unit at the third request time to obtain the third target data returned by the second micro control unit; The energy management unit obtains the first target data, the second target data and the third target data at the same time; The energy management unit performs energy scheduling according to the first target data, the second target data and the third target data.

6. The energy scheduling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The obtaining of target power information includes: Receive scheduling task instructions; In response to the scheduling task instruction, acquiring historical operation data and current operation status data of the system; The target power information is obtained according to the historical operation data and the current operation status data of the system.

7. An energy management unit, characterized in that: include: at least one processor; as well as, a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the energy scheduling method described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor performs the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. An energy storage system, characterized in that: The system comprises: the energy management unit according to claim 7, an energy storage inverter unit, a battery management unit, a first micro control unit and a second micro control unit, the energy management unit is respectively connected to the second micro control unit, the battery management unit and the energy storage inverter unit, and the energy storage inverter unit is also connected to the first micro control unit; The energy management unit is specifically used for: Obtain target power information; According to the target power information, a target power scheduling instruction is sent to the energy storage inverter unit, so that the energy storage inverter unit responds to the target power scheduling instruction, obtains the target power information, and transmits the target power information to the first micro control unit; wherein the time for the target power information to be transmitted from the energy management unit to the first micro control unit is the first scheduling time; the maximum time required for the energy storage inverter unit to perform power adjustment according to the target power scheduling instruction is the second scheduling time; Sending a target data request instruction to the battery management unit, the first micro control unit, and the second micro control unit respectively, to obtain target data returned by the battery management unit, the first micro control unit, and the second micro control unit when each responds to the target data request instruction, respectively obtaining the time taken by each unit from receiving the target data request instruction to returning the target data, obtaining each data response time, and determining a third scheduling time according to each data response time; Obtaining an energy scheduling period according to the first scheduling time, the second scheduling time, and the third scheduling time; Energy scheduling is performed according to the energy scheduling cycle.

10. The energy storage system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The energy management unit is also used for: A target data request is made according to the data response time and the energy scheduling period.

Images