Novel perovskite battery and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a novel perovskite battery and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method of the novel perovskite battery comprises the steps: A1, providing a substrate, preparing a first electrode group and a second electrode group on the upper surface of the substrate, and arranging first electrodes of the first electrode group and second electrodes of the second electrode group in a staggered manner; a2, preparing an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer, A3, preparing a perovskite layer on the upper surface of the substrate, and covering the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer with the perovskite layer; a4, etching downwards from the upper surface of the perovskite layer to the upper surface of the substrate to obtain a plurality of independent battery monomers; and A5, covering the upper surface of the perovskite layer with an insulating protection layer. The manufacturing process is simple, and the light conversion efficiency is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of solar cells, and particularly to a novel perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells are solar cells that use perovskite-type organometallic halide semiconductors as light-absorbing materials. They belong to the third generation of solar cells and are also called new concept solar cells.

[0003] In the prior art, perovskite solar cells all have a vertical stacked structure as disclosed in CN114361346A, CN111192966B, etc., that is, it includes a conductive glass layer, an electron transport layer (ETL), a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer (HTL), and an electrode layer that are sequentially stacked; among them, the positions of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer can be interchanged to form an inverted structure; a metal electrode needs to be prepared on the outermost layer.

[0004] The above-mentioned perovskite cells with a vertical structure have the following defects: 1. The metal electrode layer on the top needs to pass through the lower electron transport layer, perovskite layer, and hole transport layer in sequence to connect with the bottom conductive layer of the adjacent monomer, and the preparation process is difficult; 2. The top metal electrode layer is a whole-layer covering structure, resulting in the upper surface of the battery being unable to transmit light, and it is difficult to improve the light conversion efficiency of the battery. 3. The substrate uses a conductive glass layer, that is, a conductive layer such as ITO (indium tin oxide) is prepared on the glass surface, which increases the cost, and the conductive layer has a certain degree of light shielding, which also affects the light conversion efficiency of the battery to a certain extent. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a novel perovskite solar cell with a new battery structure to improve at least one of the above problems.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A preparation method of a novel perovskite solar cell includes the following steps:

[0008] A1. Provide a substrate, and prepare a first electrode group and a second electrode group on the upper surface of the substrate. The first electrode group includes a plurality of first electrodes arranged at intervals, the second electrode group includes a plurality of second electrodes arranged at intervals, and the first electrodes and the second electrodes are arranged alternately;

[0009] A2. Prepare an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer. The electron transport layer covers the outer surface of the first electrode and adheres to the upper surface of the substrate. The first electrode and the electron transport layer covering its outer surface form an ETL electrode. The hole transport layer covers the outer surface of the second electrode and adheres to the upper surface of the substrate. The second electrode and the hole transport layer covering its outer surface form an HTL electrode.

[0010] A3. Prepare a perovskite layer on the upper surface of the substrate. The perovskite layer covers the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer.

[0011] A4. Scratch from the upper surface of the perovskite layer down to the upper surface of the substrate to separate the perovskite layer into multiple perovskite monomers, obtaining multiple independent battery monomers. Each battery monomer includes a perovskite monomer and at least one ETL electrode and at least one HTL electrode encapsulated within the perovskite monomer.

[0012] A5. Cover an insulating protective layer on the upper surface of the perovskite layer.

[0013] Further, in step A1, it specifically includes the following: A1-1. Provide a substrate and clean the substrate. A1-2. Prepare an electrode mask layer on the upper surface of the substrate. A1-3. Evaporate an electrode layer on the upper surface of the substrate. A1-4. Remove the electrode mask layer to obtain the first electrode group and the second electrode group.

[0014] Further, the thickness of the first electrode and the second electrode is 50 nm. The thickness of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer is 100 - 200 nm.

[0015] Further, in step A2, the specific steps for preparing the electron transport layer include the following: B1. Prepare an ETL mask layer on the upper surface of the substrate, and the ETL mask layer exposes the first electrode. B2. Evaporate the electron transport layer on the upper surface of the substrate. B3. Remove the ETL mask layer. B4. Perform an annealing treatment to obtain the electron transport layer in step A2.

[0016] Further, in step A2, the specific steps for preparing the hole transport layer include the following: C1. Prepare an HTL mask layer on the upper surface of the substrate, and the HTL mask layer exposes the second electrode. C2. Evaporate the hole transport layer on the upper surface of the substrate. C3. Remove the HTL mask layer. C4. Perform an annealing treatment to obtain the hole transport layer in step A2.

[0017] Further, in step A2, the order of the steps for preparing the electron transport layer and the steps for preparing the hole transport layer can be interchanged.

[0018] Further, between step A2 and step A3, there is also step A2-3 of scribing between adjacent ETL electrodes and HTL electrodes.

[0019] Further, step A3 includes the following steps: A3-1, coating a perovskite layer on the upper surface of the substrate, the perovskite layer covering the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer; A3-2, performing heat treatment.

[0020] Further, the substrate is a light-transmitting substrate, and the insulating protective layer is a light-transmitting insulating protective layer.

[0021] A novel perovskite battery includes a substrate, a plurality of battery monomers arranged at intervals on the substrate, and an insulating protective layer arranged on the upper surfaces of the plurality of battery monomers; each battery monomer includes an ETL electrode, an HTL electrode, and a perovskite monomer. The ETL electrode includes a first electrode arranged on the upper surface of the substrate and an electron transport layer coated on the outer surface of the first electrode. The HTL electrode includes a second electrode arranged on the upper surface of the substrate and a hole transport layer coated on the outer surface of the second electrode. The perovskite monomer is arranged to cover the ETL electrode and the HTL electrode.

[0022] Through the technical solution provided by the present invention, the following beneficial effects are achieved:

[0023] Adopting the solution of the present application, the battery has a layered structure from the inside to the outside, and the preparation process is simple, effectively avoiding the problems of high preparation process difficulty caused by the top metal electrode and difficult improvement of the light conversion efficiency caused by light shielding in the existing vertical structure. At the same time, there is no need to use a conductive layer on the upper surface of the substrate, saving costs and also improving the light transmittance to a certain extent and enhancing the light conversion efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 Shown is a flowchart of the preparation method of the novel perovskite battery in the embodiment;

[0025] Figure 2 Shown is a cross-sectional view of the novel perovskite battery in the embodiment;

[0026] Figure 3 Shown as Figure 2 a partial structural schematic diagram in

[0027] Figure 4 Shown is a schematic diagram of the first intermediate product of the preparation method of the novel perovskite battery in the embodiment;

[0028] Figure 5 Shown is a schematic diagram of the second intermediate product of the preparation method of the novel perovskite battery in the embodiment;

[0029] Figure 6Shown is a schematic diagram of Intermediate Product Three in the preparation method of the novel perovskite battery in the embodiment;

[0030] Figure 7 Shown is a schematic diagram of Intermediate Product Four in the preparation method of the novel perovskite battery in the embodiment. Detailed implementation manners

[0031] To further illustrate each embodiment, the present invention provides accompanying drawings. These drawings are part of the disclosure of the present invention, mainly used to illustrate the embodiments, and can be combined with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principle of the embodiments. With reference to these contents, those of ordinary skill in the art should be able to understand other possible implementation manners and the advantages of the present invention. The components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are usually used to represent similar components.

[0032] Now, the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0033] As Figure 2 、 Figure 3 shown, this embodiment provides a novel perovskite battery, including a substrate 10, a plurality of battery monomers 1 arranged at intervals on the substrate 10, and an insulating protective layer 50 arranged on the upper surface of the plurality of battery monomers 1; specifically, the substrate 10 is a light-transmitting substrate, such as light-transmitting glass, etc., and the insulating protective layer 50 is also a light-transmitting insulating protective layer, such as a silicon nitride layer, a silicon dioxide layer, etc.

[0034] Each of the battery monomers 1 includes an ETL electrode 20, an HTL electrode 30, and a perovskite monomer 40. The ETL electrode 20 includes a first electrode 21 arranged on the upper surface of the substrate 10 and an electron transport layer 22 coated on the outer surface of the first electrode 21. The HTL electrode 30 includes a second electrode 31 arranged on the upper surface of the substrate 10 and a hole transport layer 32 coated on the outer surface of the second electrode 31. The perovskite monomer 40 is arranged to cover the ETL electrode 20 and the HTL electrode 30; thus, an inner-to-outer layered structure is formed.

[0035] The working principle of this novel perovskite battery is as follows: When sunlight enters the battery from the front (the surface where the insulating protective layer 50 is located) or the back (the surface where the substrate 10 is located), the generated electricity is led out by the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 31.

[0036] Continuing to refer to Figure 1 shown, this embodiment also provides a preparation method for preparing the above novel perovskite battery, including the following steps:

[0037] A1, provide the substrate 10, and prepare a first electrode group and a second electrode group on the upper surface of the substrate 10 to obtain as Figure 4The intermediate product one shown. The first electrode group includes a plurality of first electrodes 21 arranged at intervals, and the second electrode group includes a plurality of second electrodes 31 arranged at intervals. In this specific embodiment, three first electrodes 21 and three second electrodes 31 are taken as examples, and the first electrodes 21 and the second electrodes 31 are arranged alternately.

[0038] Specifically, the substrate 10 is a light-transmissive substrate, such as light-transmissive glass, etc.

[0039] More specifically, this step A1 specifically includes: A1-1, providing the substrate 10 and cleaning the substrate 10, such as immersing the glass substrate in a solution such as pure water or acetone and performing ultrasonic cleaning; A1-2, preparing an electrode mask layer on the upper surface of the substrate 10; A1-3, depositing an electrode layer on the upper surface of the substrate 10; A1-4, removing the electrode mask layer to obtain the first electrode group and the second electrode group.

[0040] The thickness of the first electrodes 21 and the second electrodes 31 is 50 nm.

[0041] A2, preparing an electron transport layer 22 and a hole transport layer 32 to obtain the intermediate product two as shown in Figure 5 The electron transport layer 22 covers the outer surface of the first electrode 21 and adheres to the upper surface of the substrate 10. The first electrode 21 and the electron transport layer 22 covering its outer surface form the ETL electrode 20; the hole transport layer 32 covers the outer surface of the second electrode 31 and adheres to the upper surface of the substrate 10. The second electrode 31 and the hole transport layer 32 covering its outer surface form the HTL electrode 30.

[0042] Specifically, the specific steps for preparing the electron transport layer 22 include: B1, preparing an ETL mask layer on the upper surface of the substrate 10, and the ETL mask layer exposes the first electrode 21; B2, depositing the electron transport layer 22 on the upper surface of the substrate 10; B3, removing the ETL mask layer; B4, performing an annealing treatment to obtain the electron transport layer 22 in step A2.

[0043] The preparation steps for the hole transport layer 32 include: C1, preparing an HTL mask layer on the upper surface of the substrate 10, and the HTL mask layer exposes the second electrode 31; C2, depositing the hole transport layer 32 on the upper surface of the substrate 10; C3, removing the HTL mask layer; C4, performing an annealing treatment to obtain the hole transport layer 32 in step A2.

[0044] Specifically, the thickness of the electron transport layer 22 and the hole transport layer 32 is 100 nm - 200 nm.

[0045] The order of the above preparation steps for the electron transport layer 22 and the hole transport layer 32 can be interchanged without affecting each other.

[0046] A3. Prepare a perovskite layer 41 on the upper surface of the substrate 10, as Figure 6 shown, the perovskite layer 41 covers the electron transport layer 22 and the hole transport layer 32.

[0047] Specifically, in this embodiment, this step A3 specifically includes: A3-1. Coat a perovskite layer 41 on the upper surface of the substrate 10 with a thickness of 400 nm - 600 nm, and the perovskite layer 41 covers the electron transport layer 22 and the hole transport layer 32; A3-2. Perform heat treatment, and the parameters of the heat treatment are: temperature 100°C - 120°C, time: 10 minutes - 15 minutes.

[0048] A4. Scratch from the upper surface of the perovskite layer 41 down to the upper surface of the substrate 10 to divide the perovskite layer 41 into multiple perovskite monomers 40, obtaining multiple independent battery monomers 1, as Figure 7 shown. Each battery monomer 1 includes a perovskite monomer 1 and at least one ETL electrode 20 and at least one HTL electrode 30 encapsulated in the perovskite monomer 1. In this embodiment, there is one ETL electrode 20 and one HTL electrode 30 encapsulated in the perovskite monomer 1.

[0049] Specifically, this scratching method uses laser scratching.

[0050] A5. Cover an insulating protective layer 50 on the upper surface of the perovskite layer 41. Thus, a novel perovskite battery as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 is obtained.

[0051] Specifically, this insulating protective layer 50 uses a light-transmissive insulating protective layer, such as a silicon nitride layer, a silicon dioxide layer, etc.

[0052] Adopting the solution provided by the present application, the battery has a layered structure from the inside to the outside, and the preparation process is simple, effectively avoiding the problems of high preparation process difficulty caused by the top metal electrode and difficult improvement of the light conversion efficiency caused by light shielding in the existing vertical structure. At the same time, there is no need to use a conductive layer on the upper surface of the substrate 10, saving costs and also improving the light transmittance to a certain extent and improving the light conversion efficiency.

[0053] Further, in order to ensure that there is no direct contact between the ETL electrode 20 and the HTL electrode 30, in this embodiment, after step A2, there is also step A2-3. Scratch between adjacent ETL electrodes 20 and HTL electrodes 30; the scratching method is laser scratching.

[0054] Further, in order to ensure the appearance of the product, in this embodiment, after step A5, there is also step A6. Perform an edge trimming operation on the edge of the product (i.e., the novel perovskite battery) and clean the outer surface of the product.

[0055] Although the present invention has been specifically shown and described in conjunction with preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes in form and detail may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims, and all such changes are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a novel perovskite battery, characterized in that, it comprises the following steps: A1. Provide a substrate, and prepare a first electrode group and a second electrode group on the upper surface of the substrate. The first electrode group includes a plurality of first electrodes arranged at intervals, the second electrode group includes a plurality of second electrodes arranged at intervals, and the first electrodes and the second electrodes are arranged alternately; A2. Prepare an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer. The electron transport layer covers the outer surface of the first electrode and adheres to the upper surface of the substrate. The first electrode and the electron transport layer covering its outer surface form an ETL electrode; the hole transport layer covers the outer surface of the second electrode and adheres to the upper surface of the substrate. The second electrode and the hole transport layer covering its outer surface form an HTL electrode; A3. Prepare a perovskite layer on the upper surface of the substrate. The perovskite layer covers the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer; A4. Scratch from the upper surface of the perovskite layer down to the upper surface of the substrate to divide the perovskite layer into a plurality of perovskite monomers, and obtain a plurality of independent battery monomers. Each battery monomer includes a perovskite monomer and at least one ETL electrode and at least one HTL electrode encapsulated in the perovskite monomer; A5. Cover an insulating protective layer on the upper surface of the perovskite layer.

2. The preparation method of the novel perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step A1, it specifically includes the following: A1-1. Provide a substrate and clean the substrate; A1-2. Prepare an electrode mask layer on the upper surface of the substrate; A1-3. Evaporate an electrode layer on the upper surface of the substrate; A1-4. Remove the electrode mask layer to obtain the first electrode group and the second electrode group.

3. The preparation method of the novel perovskite battery according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The thicknesses of the first electrode and the second electrode are 50 nm; the thicknesses of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are 100 nm - 200 nm.

4. The preparation method of the novel perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step A2, the specific steps of preparing the electron transport layer include the following: B1. Prepare an ETL mask layer on the upper surface of the substrate, and the ETL mask layer exposes the first electrode; B2. Evaporate an electron transport layer on the upper surface of the substrate; B3. Remove the ETL mask layer, B4. Perform annealing treatment to obtain the electron transport layer in step A2.

5. The preparation method of the novel perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step A2, the specific steps of preparing the hole transport layer include the following: C1. Prepare an HTL mask layer on the upper surface of the substrate, and the HTL mask layer exposes the second electrode; C2. Evaporate a hole transport layer on the upper surface of the substrate; C3. Remove the HTL mask layer, C4. Perform annealing treatment to obtain the hole transport layer in step A2.

6. The preparation method of the novel perovskite battery according to claim 1 or 4 or 5, characterized in that: In step A2, the sequence of the steps of preparing the electron transport layer and the steps of preparing the hole transport layer can be interchanged.

7. The preparation method of the novel perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: between step A2 and step A3, there is also included step A2-3 of scribing between adjacent ETL electrodes and HTL electrodes.

8. The preparation method of the novel perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: step A3 includes the following steps: A3-1, coating a perovskite layer on the upper surface of the substrate, the perovskite layer covering the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer; A3-2, performing heat treatment.

9. The preparation method of the novel perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the substrate is a light-transmitting substrate, and the insulating protective layer is a light-transmitting insulating protective layer.

10. A novel perovskite battery, characterized in that: it includes a substrate, a plurality of battery monomers arranged at intervals on the substrate, and an insulating protective layer arranged on the upper surfaces of the plurality of battery monomers; each battery monomer includes an ETL electrode, an HTL electrode, and a perovskite monomer, the ETL electrode includes a first electrode arranged on the upper surface of the substrate and an electron transport layer coated on the outer surface of the first electrode, the HTL electrode includes a second electrode arranged on the upper surface of the substrate and a hole transport layer coated on the outer surface of the second electrode, and the perovskite monomer is arranged to cover the ETL electrode and the HTL electrode.

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