Dynamic building heat load simulation method and device, heat supply system and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic building thermal load simulation method and device, heat supply equipment and a medium, and relates to the technical field of load prediction.The method comprises the steps that when the environment temperature changes, the first building unit area thermal load before change is determined, and the second building unit area thermal load after change is determined; determining a first heat change of the building external envelope structure and a second heat change of the building internal envelope structure caused by the environment temperature change; according to the difference value of the unit area thermal load of the first building and the unit area thermal load of the second building, the delay time is determined in combination with the heat change of the building envelope; and based on the delay time, the outdoor temperature before the delay time and the current indoor temperature are utilized to correct the unit area thermal load of the second building. By adopting the method, the calculation complexity of dynamic building thermal load simulation can be simplified, and the calculation of the delay time is more practical and operable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of load forecasting, and particularly to a dynamic building heat load simulation method, device, heating equipment, and medium. Background Art

[0002] For a central heating system, the dynamic change of the heating load demand poses a huge challenge to the operation efficiency and stability of the system. Specifically, it is easy to cause insufficient heat supply during the peak load period, and may lead to energy waste due to excessive heat during the low load period. In related technologies, dynamic building load simulation methods, such as simulation based on computational fluid dynamics, often require a large amount of complex calculations, involving dynamic coupling and iterative solution of multiple variables. This not only incurs high computational costs, but also places high requirements on the parameter acquisition and accuracy of the model. Therefore, these complex dynamic building load simulation methods are difficult to promote and apply in actual heating systems, increasing the implementation difficulty. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a dynamic building heat load simulation method, device, heating system, and medium that are simple and feasible for the above technical problems.

[0004] A dynamic building heat load simulation method includes:

[0005] When the ambient temperature changes, determine the first building unit area heat load before the change and the second building unit area heat load after the change;

[0006] Determine the first heat change of the building envelope structure and the second heat change of the internal envelope structure caused by the change in ambient temperature;

[0007] According to the difference between the first building unit area heat load and the second building unit area heat load, and in combination with the heat change of the building envelope structure, determine the delay time; the heat change of the building envelope structure is the sum of the first heat change and the second heat change;

[0008] Based on the delay time, use the outdoor temperature before the delay time and the current indoor temperature to correct the second building unit area heat load.

[0009] A dynamic building heat load simulation device includes:

[0010] A first determination module, when the ambient temperature changes, determine the first building unit area heat load before the change and the second building unit area heat load after the change;

[0011] The second determination module determines the first heat change of the building's external envelope structure and the second heat change of the building's internal envelope structure caused by changes in the ambient temperature;

[0012] The third determination module determines the delay time according to the difference between the first building unit area heat load and the second building unit area heat load, in combination with the heat change of the building envelope structure; the heat change of the building envelope structure is the sum of the first heat change and the second heat change;

[0013] The correction module corrects the second building unit area heat load based on the delay time, using the outdoor temperature before the delay time and the current indoor temperature.

[0014] A heating system includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the above-mentioned dynamic building heat load simulation method.

[0015] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the above-mentioned dynamic building heat load simulation method.

[0016] The above-mentioned dynamic building heat load simulation method, device, heating system and medium fully consider the relevant thermal characteristics of the building's external envelope structure and internal maintenance structure when the ambient temperature changes, construct a time-delay model of the building temperature response, thereby simplifying the computational complexity of the dynamic building heat load simulation and making the calculation of the delay time more practical and operable. On this basis, the building unit area heat load is corrected using the delay time, so as to incorporate the thermal inertia of the building envelope structure into the dynamic regulation and heat load calculation of the heating system, which can effectively correct the predicted heat load value, make the system operation more accurate and efficient, effectively improve the problem of supply-demand imbalance, and enhance the efficiency and stability of the heating system. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the dynamic building heat load simulation method in an embodiment;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow chart of determining the first building unit area heat load in an embodiment;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the building envelope structure in an embodiment;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic flow chart of determining the first heat change and the second heat change in an embodiment;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the building's external envelope structure in an embodiment;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the working process of a heating system in an embodiment;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a structural block diagram of a dynamic building heat load simulation device in an embodiment. Detailed implementation manners

[0024] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer and more understandable, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0025] The implementation details of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below.

[0026] In an embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, a dynamic building heat load simulation method is provided, and the method may include the following steps:

[0027] Step S101, when the environmental temperature changes, determine the first building heat load per unit area before the change and the second building heat load per unit area after the change.

[0028] The building heat load per unit area is an important concept in building thermology, which is used to evaluate the heat energy demand of the building envelope under specific conditions and can be regarded as a heat index. The heat load per unit area (usually expressed in W / m 2 ²) refers to the heat energy required by the building envelope per unit area under specific indoor and outdoor temperature conditions, which reflects the heat required for the building to maintain a comfortable indoor environment. Among them, the building envelope refers to the part that constitutes the external boundary of the building, which separates the interior of the building from the external environment and plays multiple functions such as protection, heat insulation, sound insulation and aesthetics.

[0029] In practical applications, the change of the environmental temperature will directly affect the heat load of the building. The change of the environmental temperature here can be the change of the outdoor temperature or the indoor temperature. When the outdoor temperature decreases or the indoor temperature increases, due to the increase of the indoor and outdoor temperature difference, the heat loss of the building envelope is greater, and the heating system needs to provide more heat to maintain the indoor temperature. Therefore, the heat load per unit area will increase with the decrease of the outdoor temperature or the increase of the indoor temperature. When the outdoor temperature increases or the indoor temperature decreases, the indoor and outdoor temperature difference decreases, the heat loss of the building envelope is smaller, and the heat provided by the heating system decreases. Therefore, the heat load per unit area will decrease with the increase of the outdoor temperature or the decrease of the indoor temperature.

[0030] Based on this, when the ambient temperature changes, determine the first building heat load per unit area before the ambient temperature change and the second building heat load per unit area after the ambient temperature change. In practical applications, the building envelope is the interface between the building and the external environment, and heat enters and exits the building through conduction, convection, and radiation of the envelope. Therefore, the thermophysical properties of the envelope will directly affect the loss and gain of heat. Based on this, the building heat load per unit area can be calculated by comprehensively considering the outdoor temperature, indoor temperature, and the thermophysical properties of the building envelope.

[0031] When the ambient temperature changes, determining the first building heat load per unit area before the change and the second building heat load per unit area after the change is an important step in evaluating the building's thermal performance.

[0032] In one embodiment, as Figure 2 shown, Figure 2 FIG. shows a schematic flow chart for determining the first building heat load per unit area, including:

[0033] Step S201, obtain the first outdoor air temperature and the first indoor air temperature before the ambient temperature change, and the thermophysical property parameters of the building envelope.

[0034] Step S202, determine the first building heat load per unit area according to the first outdoor air temperature, the first indoor air temperature, and the thermophysical property parameters.

[0035] Here, the outdoor air temperature is one of the key factors affecting the building heat load. It directly affects the heat exchange process of the building envelope. The first outdoor air temperature can be obtained through a weather station, a temperature sensor, etc., denoted as T outdoor_air_i . The indoor air temperature is a key indicator of the building's internal environment. Usually, to meet the comfort requirements of the occupants, it can be obtained through an indoor temperature sensor or a temperature control system, denoted as T indoor_air_i .

[0036] The thermophysical property parameters of the building envelope refer to the physical properties that affect the heat transfer, energy efficiency, and indoor comfort of the building. These parameters describe the behavior and performance of the envelope during the heat transfer process, mainly involving the introduction, storage, and release of heat, and determine the heat transfer efficiency in the building. In practical applications, these thermophysical property parameters can be determined according to the materials or process parameters of the building envelope. Among them, the thermophysical property parameters can include:

[0037] (1) The envelope thermal conductivity (denoted as λ), which represents the ability of the envelope material to conduct heat. Among them, the higher the thermal conductivity, the stronger the ability of the material to conduct heat.

[0038] (2) The convective heat transfer coefficient of the outer surface of the building exterior wall (denoted as houter ), representing the heat exchange capacity between the outer surface of the exterior wall and the external air.

[0039] (3) The convective comprehensive heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the building exterior wall (denoted as h inner ), representing the heat exchange capacity between the inner surface of the exterior wall and the indoor air,

[0040] (4) The thickness of the thermal insulation material of the building exterior wall (denoted as δ insulation ), representing the thickness of the thermal insulation material in the exterior wall. The greater the thickness, the better the insulation effect usually is.

[0041] (5) The thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material of the building exterior wall (denoted as λ insulation ), representing the ability of the thermal insulation material to conduct heat. The lower the thermal conductivity, the better the insulation performance of the material.

[0042] (6) The thickness of the reinforced concrete material of the building exterior wall (denoted as δ concrete ), representing the thickness of the reinforced concrete material in the exterior wall. The thickness affects the heat transfer and the structural strength of the building.

[0043] (7) The thermal conductivity of the reinforced concrete material of the building exterior wall (denoted as λ concrete ), representing the ability of the reinforced concrete material to conduct heat. The higher the thermal conductivity, the stronger the heat conduction ability of the material.

[0044] Based on this, the heat load per unit area of the first building can be calculated through the first outdoor air temperature, the second indoor air temperature, and the thermophysical property parameters.

[0045] In one way, according to the thermal conductivity λ of the building envelope and the thickness δ of the building envelope, the heat load per unit area of the first building is calculated, specifically as follows:

[0046]

[0047] In another way, according to the building thermal resistance R, the heat load q per unit area of the first building is calculated i , specifically as follows:

[0048] q i =(T indoor_air_i -T outdoor_air_i ) / R (Eq.2)

[0049] In another way, according to the heat loss coefficient U of the building envelope structure (i.e., 1 / R), the heat load q per unit area of the first building is calculated i , specifically as follows:

[0050] q i =(T indoor_air_i -T outdoor_air_i)*U (Eq.3)

[0051] Among them, q i represents the heat load per unit area of the building under the i-th working condition, which here refers to the first heat load per unit area of the building.

[0052] In the above formula, if the building envelope is composed of multiple layers of materials with different thermal conductivities, the specific calculation of the building thermal resistance R is as follows:

[0053] R = 1 / h outer + δ insulation / λ insulation + δ concrete / λ concrete + 1 / h inner (Eq.4)

[0054] It should be noted that if there is a standard, the first heat load per unit area of the building corresponding to the first indoor air temperature and the second indoor air temperature can be selected from the standard.

[0055] In one embodiment, the determination process of the second heat load per unit area of the building is described in detail.

[0056] When the ambient temperature changes, obtain the changed second outdoor air temperature (denoted as T outdoor_air_j ) and the second indoor air temperature (denoted as T indoor_air_j ). Heat conduction is the process of heat transfer through the temperature difference between objects. From the above formula Eq.3, it can be seen that the building envelope heat loss coefficient U is a material property, which represents the ratio of the heat passing through the unit area per unit time to the temperature difference, and it is a constant. Based on this, when the ambient temperature changes, the following can be obtained:

[0057]

[0058] Thus, the following can be obtained:

[0059]

[0060] Among them, q j represents the heat load per unit area of the building under the j-th working condition, which here refers to the second heat load per unit area of the building.

[0061] Step S102, determine the first heat change of the building's outer envelope and the second heat change of the building's inner envelope caused by the change in ambient temperature.

[0062] The building envelope includes the building's outer envelope and the building's inner envelope. As Figure 3 shown, Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of a building envelope structure. The building's external envelope structure refers to the part that directly contacts the external environment and is mainly responsible for heat exchange with the external environment; the building's internal envelope structure refers to the part located inside the building. The heat conduction characteristics of the building's external and internal envelope structures determine how heat is transferred.

[0063] When the ambient temperature changes, the building envelope structure will conduct heat exchange to bring the indoor environment to a new stable state. In the stable state, the heat input and output inside the building reach a dynamic balance. Here, determine the heat change required for the building envelope structure to reach the stable state. Among them, the ambient temperature is an important factor affecting the heat change of the building envelope structure, and the thermal performance of building envelope structures made of different materials is also different, which also affects the heat change. Therefore, the ambient temperature and the thermal performance of the building envelope structure (such as density, heat capacity, etc.) can be comprehensively considered to determine the first heat change and the second heat change.

[0064] In practical applications, the heat change includes heat absorption or heat dissipation. Heat dissipation refers to the heat released by the building envelope structure to the external environment, and heat absorption refers to the heat absorbed by the building envelope structure from the external environment. In the stable state, the heat absorption is equal to the heat dissipation. For example, when the outdoor temperature drops, the building's external envelope structure will release heat to the external environment, that is, the first heat change is heat dissipation; when the outdoor temperature rises, the building's external envelope structure will absorb heat from the external environment, that is, the first heat change is heat absorption.

[0065] It should be noted that when the indoor temperature does not change, the thermal mass corresponding to the building's internal envelope structure does not absorb or release heat, and only the thermal mass corresponding to the building's external envelope structure absorbs or releases heat.

[0066] In one embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, Figure 4 shows a schematic flow chart for determining the first heat change and the second heat change, which may include the following steps:

[0067] Step S301, determine the average temperature of the building's external envelope structure and the average temperature of the building's internal envelope structure before and after the change in the ambient temperature.

[0068] The building's external envelope structure is in direct contact with the external environment, and its average temperature will be affected by the change in the ambient temperature. Before and after the change in the ambient temperature, measure or calculate the average temperature of the building's external envelope structure respectively. Denote the average temperature of the building's external envelope structure before the change in the ambient temperature as T outer_wall_concrete_i , and denote the average temperature of the building's external envelope structure after the change in the ambient temperature as T outer_wall_concrete_j .

[0069] The internal envelope structures in a building are mainly affected by the indoor temperature. Their average temperature is relatively stable, but it will also change to a certain extent due to the variation of the ambient temperature. Before and after the ambient temperature changes, measure or calculate the average temperature of the internal envelope structures in the building respectively. Denote the average temperature of the internal envelope structures in the building before the ambient temperature change as T inner_wall_concrete_i , and denote the average temperature of the external envelope structures of the building after the ambient temperature change as T inner_wall_concrete_j .

[0070] In one embodiment, the specific process for determining the average temperature of the external envelope structures of the building is described in detail.

[0071] When considering the heat storage performance, as Figure 5 shown,[[]] Figure 5 a cross-sectional view of the external envelope structures of the building is shown. The external envelope structures of the building are load-bearing or non-load-bearing structures mainly made of reinforced concrete or masonry structures. The external envelope structures of the building have a relatively large thickness, density, and specific heat capacity, and it is necessary to consider the building's thermal inertia caused by its thermal mass. For building exterior wall thermal insulation materials and building transparent enclosures (such as glass), generally, the material thickness is relatively thin, and both the density and specific heat capacity are relatively small, so the heat storage capacity of this part of the material is not considered.

[0072] Since the external envelope structures of the building consist of multiple layers, in this case, it is necessary to consider the thermophysical properties and temperature changes of each layer. By calculating the temperature distribution at different positions of the external envelope structures of the building (such as the inner surface temperature, intermediate layer temperature, and outer surface temperature), the heat transfer characteristics of the exterior wall can be evaluated.

[0073] The following takes the average temperature of the external envelope structures of the building before the temperature change as an example for illustration.

[0074] The indoor surface temperature is the thermal equilibrium temperature between the inner surface of the building exterior wall (concrete) of the external envelope structures of the building and the indoor air. Affected by the indoor air temperature and heat flux density, according to the basic principle of heat transfer, the indoor surface temperature T inner_suface_i is:[[]]

[0075] T inner_suface_i = T indoor_air_i - q i *(1 / h inner ) (Eq.7)

[0076] Among them, h inner is the convective heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface, which reflects the heat exchange ability between the indoor air and the wall surface. The above Eq.7 represents the indoor air temperature minus the temperature drop caused by convective heat transfer through the inner surface, which is the indoor surface temperature.

[0077] The intermediate layer temperature is the temperature at the contact surface between the exterior wall concrete layer and the thermal insulation material. Since heat is transferred through the concrete layer to the intermediate layer, it causes a temperature drop. Among them, this temperature difference is determined by the thickness δ of the reinforced concrete material of the building exterior wall concrete and the thermal conductivity coefficient λ concrete . Based on this, the intermediate layer temperature T middle_surface_i is specifically expressed as:

[0078] T middle_surface_i = T inner_surface_i - q i *(δ concrete / λ concrete ) (Eq.8)

[0079] In the above formula, the better the thermal conductivity of the concrete layer (i.e., the larger λ concrete ), the smaller the temperature difference; the thicker the concrete layer (i.e., the larger δ concrete ), the larger the temperature difference.

[0080] The outer surface layer temperature is the temperature of the outer surface of the exterior wall (thermal insulation material or waterproof plaster). Since heat is transferred through the thermal insulation layer and further causes a temperature drop, the temperature difference is caused by the thickness δ of the thermal insulation and heat insulation material of the building exterior wall insulation and the thermal conductivity coefficient λ of the thermal insulation and heat insulation material of the building exterior wall insulation . Based on this, the outer surface layer temperature T outer_surfacae_surfacve_i is specifically expressed as:

[0081] T outer_surfacae_surface_i = T inner_surface_i - q i *(δ insulation / λ insulation ) (Eq.9)

[0082] In the above formula, the better the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer (i.e., the smaller λ insulation ), the larger the temperature difference; the thicker the thermal insulation layer (i.e., the larger * insulation ), the larger the temperature difference.

[0083] Based on this, the heat load per unit area q of the building under the current working conditions can be obtained i :

[0084]

[0085] In the above formula, h outer represents the convective heat transfer coefficient of the outer surface, T indoor_air_i - T outdoor_air_i is the temperature difference between the indoor air temperature and the outdoor air temperature, indicating the driving force of heat transfer. The larger the temperature difference, the greater the potential of heat transfer; 1 / h outer is the outdoor convective thermal resistance, indicating the ease of heat transfer from the outdoor air to the exterior wall; δinsulation / λ insulation is the thermal resistance of the insulation layer, representing the heat transfer capacity of the insulation layer. The thicker the insulation layer or the larger the thermal conductivity, the greater the thermal resistance; δ concrete / λ concrete is the thermal resistance of the concrete layer, representing the heat transfer capacity of the concrete layer; 1 / h inner is the indoor convective thermal resistance, representing the ease of heat transfer from the indoor air to the inner wall surface.

[0086] Based on the above formula Eq.10, the average temperature T of the building envelope can be obtained outer_wall_concrete_i Specifically:

[0087]

[0088] In the above formula, the average temperature of the building envelope is the weighted average of the inner surface temperature and the intermediate temperature of the concrete layer.

[0089] It should be noted that the average temperature of the building envelope after the environmental temperature changes can also be calculated by substituting the changed parameters (such as indoor air temperature, outdoor air temperature, and the heat load per unit area of the second building) into Eqs.7 - Eq.11.

[0090] In one embodiment, take the average temperature of the building's inner envelope before the environmental temperature changes as an example. Assume that the heat transfer inside and outside the building has reached a steady state, which means that the heat transfer between the inside and outside has reached equilibrium and the temperature distribution in the cavity no longer changes with time. Then it is considered that the average temperature of the building's inner envelope is equal to the indoor air temperature, that is:

[0091] T inner_wall_concrete_i = T indoor_air_i (Eq.12)

[0092] Among them, T inner_wall_concrete_i represents the average temperature of the building's inner envelope. Similarly, after the environmental temperature changes, the average temperature of the building's inner envelope is the indoor air temperature after the temperature change.

[0093] Step S302, according to the average temperature of the building envelope and the average temperature of the building's inner envelope before and after the environmental temperature change, respectively determine the temperature difference of the building envelope and the temperature difference of the building's inner envelope.

[0094] After determining the average temperature of the building envelope before and after the environmental change, further determine the temperature difference ΔT of the building envelope outer_wall_concrete , specifically:

[0095] ΔT outer_wall_concrete = T outer_wall_concrete_j-T outer_wall_concrete_i (Eq.13)

[0096] Among them, the temperature difference ΔT outer_wall_concrete reflects the influence of the ambient temperature change on the heat change of the building envelope structure.

[0097] Similarly, using the average temperature of the building's internal envelope structure before and after the environmental change, the temperature difference ΔT of the building's internal envelope structure is determined inner_wall_concrete_i , specifically:

[0098] ΔT inner_wall_concrete_i = T inner_wall_concrete_j -T inner_wall_concrete_i (Eq.14)

[0099] Among them, the temperature difference ΔT inner_wall_concrete_i reflects the influence of the ambient temperature change on the heat change of the internal envelope structure.

[0100] Step S303, according to the heat capacity, density and volume of the building envelope structure, and combining the temperature difference of the building's external envelope structure and the temperature difference of the building's internal maintenance structure, calculate the first heat change and the second heat change respectively.

[0101] Based on the basic principle of heat transfer, the first heat change can be calculated from the heat capacity, density, volume of the building envelope structure and the temperature difference of the building's external envelope structure, specifically:

[0102] Q outer_wall_concrete = C * ρ * v outer_wall_concrete ×ΔT outer_wall_concrete (Eq.15)

[0103] Similarly, the second heat change can be calculated from the heat capacity, density, volume of the building envelope structure and the temperature difference of the building's internal envelope structure, specifically:

[0104] Q inner_wall_concrete = C * ρ * v inner_wall_concrete ×ΔT inner_wall_concrete (Eq.16)

[0105] Among them, Q outer_wall_concrete is the first heat change, Q inner_wall_concrete is the second heat change, C is the heat capacity of the building envelope structure, ρ is the density of the building envelope structure, v outer_wall_concrete is the volume of the building envelope per unit area in the building, simply referred to as the (external wall) volume - area ratio, v inner_wall_concrete is the (internal wall) volume - area ratio.

[0106] Step S103, according to the difference between the first building unit area heat load and the second building unit area heat load, and combining the heat change of the building envelope structure, determine the delay time.

[0107] Building envelopes have thermal inertia. Thermal inertia refers to the resistance of a material or system to temperature changes, specifically manifested as the slowness of the temperature change of the material when heat is input or output. The thermal inertia of the building envelope directly affects the delay time of the building. The delay time refers to the time required for the indoor temperature to start changing significantly after the ambient temperature changes. For example, when the outdoor temperature drops, the building envelope gradually releases the stored heat, so the drop in indoor temperature does not occur immediately, thus delaying the temperature change.

[0108] In practical applications, this delay time is closely related to the heat change of the building envelope. First, calculate the difference between the heat load per unit area of the first building and the heat load per unit area of the second building. This difference represents the degree of change of the building under two working conditions and reflects the change of the heat load. Next, calculate the heat change of the building envelope, which is the sum of the first heat change of the building's outer envelope and the second heat change of the building's inner envelope, indicating the total amount of heat absorbed or released by the building envelope during the heat load change and is the response of the envelope structure to the heat load change. The relationship between the heat load difference and the heat change of the building envelope reflects the building's response ability to external heat changes. Based on this, the delay time τ can be expressed as:

[0109] τ=(Q outer_wall_concrete +Q inner_wall_concrete ) / A_floor / (q i -q j ) (Eq.17)

[0110] Where Q outer_wall_concrete represents the first heat change, Q inner_wall_concrete represents the second heat change, A_floor is the total building area, q i represents the heat load per unit area of the first building, and q j represents the heat load per unit area of the second building. In practical applications, the total building area A_floor directly affects the heat transfer, the overall impact of the unit heat load, and the thermal inertia of the building.

[0111] In this embodiment, the calculation of the delay time fully considers factors such as the mass, density, and heat capacity of the building envelope and the internal maintenance structure, and constructs a time-delay model for the building temperature response. At the same time, compared with the existing dynamic building load simulation methods, this method simplifies the calculation complexity of the dynamic load simulation and makes the calculation of the delay coefficient more practical and operable.

[0112] Step S104, based on the delay time, use the outdoor temperature before the delay time and the current indoor temperature to correct the heat load per unit area of the second building.

[0113] The delay time is the thermal property of the building's thermal response, which reflects the influence of the thermal inertia of the building envelope on the indoor temperature change. Due to thermal inertia, the building's heat load does not immediately respond to the external temperature change, but there will be a certain lag. The second building unit area heat load determined in the above step S101 assumes that the building immediately responds to the external temperature change, which may lead to errors. Therefore, the second building unit area heat load is corrected by considering the delay time.

[0114] Here, according to the delay time, the outdoor temperature before the delay time is obtained from the historical data of the outdoor temperature. The outdoor temperature before the delay time reflects the environmental conditions before the building starts to respond to the temperature change. Combining the outdoor temperature before the delay time and the current indoor temperature, and calculating by combining the above formula Eq.1 or Eq.2 or Eq.3, the building unit area heat load after the temperature change (i.e., the second building unit area heat load) is re-determined. Among them, the indoor temperature here refers to the target temperature to meet the comfort requirements of the occupants.

[0115] In this embodiment, incorporating the thermal inertia of the building envelope into the dynamic regulation and heat load calculation of the heating system can more accurately reflect the heat demand of the building in a dynamic environment. This correction can reflect the actual thermal response characteristics of the building, avoid heat load calculation errors caused by ignoring the delay effect, make the system operation more accurate and efficient, effectively improve the problem of process imbalance, and enhance the efficiency and stability of the heating system.

[0116] In one embodiment, in order to achieve heat storage, it is necessary to raise the indoor air temperature to the upper limit temperature within an acceptable comfort range. Assume that the indoor air temperature after the environmental temperature change is the upper limit temperature of comfort that the indoor can accept.

[0117] In practical applications, the indoor-outdoor temperature difference is a key factor affecting the heat load of the building envelope. By calculating the unit area heat load difference Δq under different indoor and outdoor temperature conditions, the heat transfer capacity of the building envelope under different temperature conditions can be evaluated. The heat load difference Δq here refers to the heat load change generated by the temperature difference change when the indoor temperature of the building envelope per unit area rises from T indoor_air_i to T indoor_air_j , specifically:

[0118] Δq = q j - q i (Eq.18)

[0119] Based on this, by multiplying the unit area heat load difference Δq by the total area of the building, the total heat storage capacity of the entire building envelope can be obtained, thereby systematically evaluating the heat storage capacity of the building envelope.

[0120] In this embodiment, based on the heat capacity and thermal mass of the building envelope, the building envelope heat storage capacity under different indoor and outdoor temperature conditions is calculated to explore the heat storage potential of the building envelope. At the same time, based on the calculation of the temperature distribution of the building's exterior and interior walls, the building body can be heated by raising the indoor air temperature, providing a new model of dynamic heat storage for the heating system. While reducing the system's dependence on independent heat storage equipment, it can not only reduce energy waste and carbon emissions, with significant economic and environmental benefits, but also reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation of the building and improve the comfort of the building thermal environment, providing a new solution for low-carbon and comfortable heating.

[0121] Based on the above embodiment, as Figure 6 shown, Figure 6 Fig. shows a schematic diagram of the working process of the heating system, through which the building temperature response delay time is calculated and the delay time is applied.

[0122] Step 1: Environmental information collection and building thermophysical information input. The environmental information includes outdoor air temperature and indoor air temperature; the building thermophysical information includes envelope heat conduction information, convective heat transfer coefficient of the outer surface of the building exterior wall, convective heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the building exterior wall, thickness of the thermal insulation material of the building exterior wall, thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material of the building exterior wall, thickness of the reinforced concrete material of the building exterior wall, and thermal conductivity of the reinforced concrete material of the building exterior wall.

[0123] Step 2: Calculate the heat load per unit area of the building, where it can be calculated according to Equation Eq.1 or Eq.2 or Eq.3.

[0124] Step 3: Calculate the temperatures of the building's outer envelope structure and inner envelope structure. Among them, the temperature of the building's outer envelope structure can be calculated with reference to Equation Eq.11, and the temperature of the building's inner envelope structure can be calculated with reference to Equation Eq.12.

[0125] Step 4: Calculate the heat load per unit area of the building when the environmental temperature changes, where it is calculated according to Equation Eq.6.

[0126] Step 5: Calculate the heat change of the envelope structure when the environment changes. Among them, the heat change of the building's outer envelope structure can be calculated according to Equation Eq.15, and the heat change of the building's inner envelope structure can be calculated according to Equation Eq.16.

[0127] Step 6: Calculate the delay time, that is, the delay time corresponding to the building temperature response, where the delay time can be calculated with reference to Equation Eq.17.

[0128] Steps 7 and 8 are two specific applications of the delay time.

[0129] Step 7, calculate the building heat load per unit area based on the delay time. Specifically, use the outdoor air temperature corresponding to before the delay time and the indoor air temperature at this time, and calculate in combination with the above formula Eq.1 or Eq.2 or Eq.3.

[0130] Step 8, calculate the heat storage capacity of the building envelope. Specifically, calculate the difference in the building heat load per unit area at different ambient temperatures according to the above formula Eq.18, and then multiply by the total building area and the difference in the building heat load per unit area to determine the heat storage amount completed through the building envelope.

[0131] In the above embodiment, by determining the building heat load per unit area and the heat change of the building envelope when the ambient temperature changes, fully considering factors such as the mass, density, and heat capacity of the building envelope and the internal maintenance structure, a time-delay model of the building temperature response is constructed, which can simplify the calculation complexity of the dynamic load simulation and simply calculate the delay time. On this basis, the predicted heat load value is effectively corrected by using the delay time, making the system operation more accurate and efficient, effectively improving the problem of supply-demand imbalance, and enhancing the efficiency and stability of the heating system.

[0132] In one embodiment, a dynamic building heat load simulation device is provided. Referring to Figure 7 as shown, the dynamic building heat load simulation device 400 may include: a first determination module 401, a second determination module 402, a third determination module 403, a correction module 404, and a fourth determination module 405.

[0133] Among them, the first determination module 401 is used to determine the first building heat load per unit area before the change and the second building heat load per unit area after the change when the ambient temperature changes; the second determination module 402 is used to determine the first heat change of the building envelope and the second heat change of the internal building envelope caused by the ambient temperature change; the third determination module 403 is used to determine the delay time according to the difference between the first building heat load per unit area and the second building heat load per unit area, in combination with the heat change of the building envelope; the heat change of the building envelope is the sum of the first heat change and the second heat change; the correction module 404 is used to correct the second building heat load per unit area based on the delay time, using the outdoor temperature before the delay time and the current indoor temperature.

[0134] In one embodiment, the dynamic building heat load simulation device 400 further includes a fourth determination module 405, which is used to determine the third building heat load per unit area corresponding to the indoor upper limit temperature; and determine the heat storage amount of the building envelope according to the difference between the corrected second building heat load per unit area and the third building heat load per unit area and the total building area.

[0135] In one embodiment, the first determination module 401 is specifically configured to obtain the first outdoor air temperature and the first indoor air temperature before the environmental temperature changes, and the thermophysical property parameters of the building envelope; and determine the first building heat load per unit area according to the first outdoor air temperature, the first indoor air temperature, and the thermophysical property parameters.

[0136] In one embodiment, the first determination module 401 is specifically configured to obtain the second outdoor air temperature and the second indoor air temperature after the environmental temperature changes; and determine the second building heat load per unit area according to the first building heat load per unit area and the indoor and outdoor air temperatures before and after the environmental temperature changes.

[0137] In one embodiment, the second determination module 402 is specifically configured to determine the average temperature of the building's outer envelope and the average temperature of the building's inner envelope before and after the environmental temperature change; determine the temperature difference of the building's outer envelope and the temperature difference of the building's inner envelope maintenance structure respectively according to the average temperature of the building's outer envelope and the average temperature of the building's inner envelope before and after the environmental temperature change; and calculate the first heat change and the second heat change respectively according to the heat capacity, density, and volume of the building envelope, in combination with the temperature difference of the building's outer envelope and the temperature difference of the building's inner envelope maintenance structure.

[0138] In one embodiment, the second determination module 402 is specifically configured to calculate the average temperature of the building's outer envelope before and after the environmental temperature change respectively according to the outdoor air temperature and the indoor air temperature before and after the environmental temperature change, in combination with the thermophysical property parameters of the building envelope, the first building heat load per unit area, and the second building heat load per unit area.

[0139] In one embodiment, the second determination module 402 is specifically configured to determine the indoor air temperature before and after the environmental temperature change as the average temperature of the building's inner envelope before and after the environmental temperature change.

[0140] For the specific limitations on the dynamic building heat load simulation device 400, reference can be made to the limitations on the dynamic building heat load simulation method in the foregoing text, which will not be elaborated here. Each module in the above dynamic building heat load simulation device 400 can be implemented in whole or in part through software, hardware, and their combination. The above modules can be embedded in the processor of the computer device in hardware form or independent of it, or stored in the memory of the computer device in software form, so as to facilitate the processor to call and execute the operations corresponding to the above respective modules.

[0141] In one embodiment, a heating system is provided, including a memory and a processor, where the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, a dynamic building heat load simulation method is implemented.

[0142] In one embodiment, a computer storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, a dynamic building thermal load simulation method is implemented.

[0143] It should be noted that the logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or described in other ways herein, for example, can be considered as a defined sequence list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be specifically implemented in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other systems that can fetch and execute instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device), or in combination with these instruction execution systems, apparatus, or devices. For the purposes of this specification, a "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in combination with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include the following: an electrical connection portion with one or more wirings (electronic device), a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium can even be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, because the program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other media, followed by editing, interpretation, or otherwise processing as appropriate, and then storing it in a computer memory.

[0144] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented using hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or a combination of the following techniques well known in the art can be used: discrete logic circuits having logic gate circuits for implementing logical functions on data signals, application specific integrated circuits having appropriate combinational logic gate circuits, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0145] In the description of this specification, the description referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0146] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0147] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic building heat load simulation method, characterized in that: include: When the ambient temperature changes, determining a first building unit area heat load before the change, and determining a second building unit area heat load after the change; determining a first thermal change of the building envelope and a second thermal change of the building envelope caused by a change in ambient temperature; Determining a delay time according to a difference between the first building unit area heat load and the second building unit area heat load, combined with a heat change of the building envelope; The heat change of the building envelope is the sum of the first heat change and the second heat change; Based on the delay time, the heat load per unit area of ​​the second building is corrected by utilizing the outdoor temperature before the delay time and the current indoor temperature.

2. The dynamic building heat load simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Determine the heat load per unit area of ​​the third building corresponding to the indoor upper limit temperature; The heat storage capacity of the building envelope is determined according to the difference between the second building unit area heat load and the third building unit area heat load after correction and the total building area.

3. The dynamic building heat load simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining of the first building unit area heat load before the change includes: Obtaining a first outdoor air temperature and a first indoor air temperature before the ambient temperature changes, and thermophysical characteristic parameters of the building envelope structure; The first building unit area heat load is determined according to the first outdoor air temperature, the first indoor air temperature and the thermophysical characteristic parameter.

4. The dynamic building heat load simulation method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The step of determining the changed heat load per unit area of ​​the second building includes: Acquire a second outdoor air temperature and a second indoor air temperature after the ambient temperature changes; The second building unit area heat load is determined according to the indoor air temperature and the outdoor air temperature before and after the first building unit area heat load and the ambient temperature change.

5. The dynamic building heat load simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining of a first heat change of the building outer envelope structure and a second heat change of the building inner envelope structure caused by the ambient temperature change includes: Determine the average temperature of the building envelope and the average temperature of the building envelope before and after the ambient temperature changes; According to the average temperature of the building envelope structure and the average temperature of the building envelope structure before and after the ambient temperature changes, the temperature difference of the building envelope structure and the temperature difference of the building maintenance structure are determined respectively; The first heat change and the second heat change are calculated respectively according to the heat capacity, density and volume of the building envelope structure and in combination with the temperature difference of the building envelope structure and the temperature difference of the building maintenance structure.

6. The dynamic building heat load simulation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Determining the average temperature of the building envelope structure before and after the ambient temperature changes includes: According to the outdoor air temperature and the indoor air temperature before and after the ambient temperature changes, combined with the thermal physical characteristic parameters of the building envelope structure, the first building unit area heat load and the second building unit area heat load, the average temperature of the building envelope structure before and after the ambient temperature changes is calculated respectively.

7. The dynamic building heat load simulation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Determining the average temperature of the building envelope structure before and after the ambient temperature changes includes: The indoor air temperature before and after the ambient temperature changes is determined as the average temperature of the building envelope before and after the ambient temperature changes.

8. A dynamic building heat load simulation device, characterized in that: include: A first determination module is used to determine a first building unit area heat load before the change and a second building unit area heat load after the change when the ambient temperature changes; A second determination module is used to determine a first heat change of the building outer envelope structure and a second heat change of the building inner envelope structure caused by the ambient temperature change; A third determination module is used to determine the delay time according to the difference between the first building unit area heat load and the second building unit area heat load, combined with the heat change of the building envelope structure; The heat change of the building envelope is the sum of the first heat change and the second heat change; The correction module is used to correct the heat load per unit area of ​​the second building based on the delay time and using the outdoor temperature before the delay time and the current indoor temperature.

9. A heating system, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the dynamic building heat load simulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the dynamic building heat load simulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

Images