High-breathability antibacterial functional composite fabric and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fibers, and discloses a high-breathability antibacterial functional composite fabric and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: loading copper nanoparticles on nano zinc oxide by an in-situ reduction method to obtain an inorganic antibacterial agent, uniformly mixing the inorganic antibacterial agent and an organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2, 2, 5, 5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone with polyacrylonitrile to obtain a spinning solution, and carrying out electrostatic spinning on the surface of an acrylic fabric to obtain the antibacterial fabric. The obtained composite fabric has high air permeability and excellent antibacterial property.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fibers, and particularly relates to a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Composite fabrics are warm, breathable, and wear-resistant, and are widely used in textile fields such as sofas and clothing. However, with the need to combat various emerging highly harmful pathogens, higher requirements have been put forward for the functionality of composite fabrics. When healthy people come into contact with textiles contaminated with bacteria and microorganisms of infected persons and then touch their mouths, noses, or eyes, it may cause disease transmission. Therefore, developing and researching composite fabrics with excellent antibacterial properties is one of the trends for the safe development of the textile field.

[0003] Effectively combining antibacterial materials with textile fibers through physical or chemical methods is the main way to prepare antibacterial fibers with high and persistent antibacterial properties. Currently, common antibacterial materials have disadvantages such as high price, high production cost, easy dissolution of metal ions to produce toxicity, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains due to the widespread use of various antibacterial drugs. Inorganic antibacterial materials have become a research hotspot due to their advantages of high stability, good heat resistance, low biological toxicity, and not easily causing bacterial drug resistance. Among them, nano-zinc oxide has rich raw material sources, low price, good antibacterial activity and biocompatibility, and is a promising antibacterial material. However, nano-zinc oxide generally requires light irradiation to produce high antibacterial activity, which limits its use environment. In addition, nano-copper has gradually attracted the attention of many researchers due to its excellent antibacterial properties, but the high surface activity of nano-particles makes them prone to agglomeration, and nano-copper is easily oxidized, affecting the normal exertion of antibacterial activity and persistent antibacterial properties. Therefore, single-component antibacterial materials have certain limitations, and it is of great significance to study the preparation of multi-component composite antibacterial materials.

[0004] The prior art such as Chinese Patent Application CN110468497A discloses an antibacterial composite fabric and a manufacturing method thereof. Using an antibacterial material with antibacterial and flame-retardant groups as raw materials, an antibacterial masterbatch is prepared, then the moisture in the antibacterial masterbatch is removed, and melt spinning is carried out to obtain antibacterial fibers. Finally, a warp knitting process is used for knitting to prepare the antibacterial composite fabric. However, the antibacterial agent used in the prepared antibacterial composite fabric has a relatively single structure, cannot achieve a synergistic antibacterial effect, and the antibacterial persistence is also poor. With the increase in the number of fabric washes, the antibacterial performance significantly decreases. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric and a preparation method thereof, which has high breathability and excellent antibacterial properties.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for preparing a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step (1): Mix nano-zinc oxide with water, ultrasonically disperse, add cupric chloride dihydrate, stir and heat, add L-ascorbic acid, react, after the reaction is completed, centrifuge, wash, and dry to obtain an inorganic antibacterial agent;

[0009] Step (2): Mix the inorganic antibacterial agent, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC), and N,N-dimethylformamide, ultrasonically disperse, add polyacrylonitrile, and stir to obtain a spinning solution;

[0010] Step (3): Electrospin the spinning solution on the surface of the acrylic fabric to spin antibacterial nanofibers, and after the spinning is completed, shape it to obtain a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric.

[0011] Preferably, in the step (1), when preparing the inorganic antibacterial agent: the mass ratio of nano-zinc oxide, water, and cupric chloride dihydrate is 2:(60 - 80):(0.25 - 0.45); the molar ratio of cupric chloride dihydrate to L-ascorbic acid is 1:(2 - 4).

[0012] Preferably, in the step (1), when preparing the inorganic antibacterial agent: the reaction conditions are: reacting at 75 - 85 °C for 16 - 20 h.

[0013] Preferably, in the step (2), when preparing the spinning solution: the mass ratio of the inorganic antibacterial agent, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC), N,N-dimethylformamide, and polyacrylonitrile is (0.4 - 0.6):(0.3 - 0.5):(80 - 100):10.

[0014] Preferably, in the step (3), when preparing the highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric: the mass ratio of the spinning solution to the acrylic fabric is (1 - 2):100.

[0015] Preferably, in the step (3), when preparing the highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric: the process parameters of electrospinning are: the voltage is 11 - 15 kV, the receiving distance is 9 - 13 cm, the ambient temperature is 20 - 30 °C, and the ambient humidity is 30 - 40%.

[0016] Preferably, in the step (3), when preparing the highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric: the shaping step is: shaping at a temperature of 140 - 160 °C for 2 - 4 min.

[0017] Preferably, a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric prepared by the preparation method of a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric as described above.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] In the present invention, copper nanoparticles are loaded onto nano-zinc oxide by an in-situ reduction method to obtain an inorganic antibacterial agent. Nano-zinc oxide can generate free radicals through the excitation and transition of electrons under light conditions to kill bacteria and other microorganisms; copper nanoparticles will produce toxicity inside bacterial cells, leading to dysfunction and ultimately killing the cells. After compounding it with nano-zinc oxide, the antibacterial activity of nano-zinc oxide in the dark is improved, and the stability of copper nanoparticles is also improved. They are not easy to agglomerate, have good dispersibility, and can be evenly loaded on polyacrylonitrile fibers to fully contact bacteria, thereby achieving a good antibacterial effect.

[0020] 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC), as a monochlorinated nitrogen-haloamine, is resistant to acid and alkali corrosion, stable, has antibacterial properties against a variety of bacteria, and has a fast bactericidal rate. In the present invention, the inorganic antibacterial agent and the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC) are uniformly mixed with polyacrylonitrile by a spinning addition method, so that the two antibacterial agents produce a synergistic antibacterial effect, thereby improving the antibacterial performance of polyacrylonitrile fibers.

[0021] The present invention uses an electrospinning process to prepare nanofibers. The process is controllable, has high production efficiency and low cost. The formed polyacrylonitrile fibers have a high porosity and an interconnected pore structure. This porous structure allows air and moisture to pass through freely, and at the same time, the voids between the fibers also provide good gas exchange channels, thereby achieving high breathability. The composite fabric obtained by depositing it on the surface of acrylic fabric has high breathability and excellent antibacterial properties. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 is the process flow chart for preparing the highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is the column chart of the Escherichia coli inhibition rate before and after washing in the comprehensive performance test of the composite fabrics prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is the column chart of the Staphylococcus aureus inhibition rate before and after washing in the comprehensive performance test of the composite fabrics prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0025] Next, in combination with the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Embodiment 1

[0027] This embodiment discloses a preparation method of a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric, including the following steps:

[0028] Step (1): Mix nano-zinc oxide with water, ultrasonically disperse for 50 min, add copper dichloride dihydrate, stir and heat to 85 °C, add L-ascorbic acid, react at 85 °C for 16 h. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge, take the centrifuged precipitate, and successively add ethanol and water twice the mass of the centrifuged precipitate to wash 5 times, and freeze-dry to obtain an inorganic antibacterial agent;

[0029] Among them, the mass ratio of nano-zinc oxide, water, and copper dichloride dihydrate is 2:80:0.45; the molar ratio of copper dichloride dihydrate to L-ascorbic acid is 1:4;

[0030] Step (2): Mix the inorganic antibacterial agent, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC), and N,N-dimethylformamide, ultrasonically disperse for 50 min, add polyacrylonitrile, and stir at room temperature for 24 h to obtain a spinning solution;

[0031] Among them, the mass ratio of the inorganic antibacterial agent, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC), N,N-dimethylformamide, and polyacrylonitrile is 0.6:0.5:80:10;

[0032] Step (3): Spin antibacterial nanofibers on the surface of the acrylic fabric from the spinning solution by electrospinning. After the spinning is completed, shape at 160 °C for 2 min to obtain a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric;

[0033] Among them, the mass ratio of the spinning solution to the acrylic fabric is 2:100; the process parameters of electrospinning are: voltage is 15 kV, receiving distance is 13 cm, ambient temperature is 30 °C, and ambient humidity is 40%.

[0034] Embodiment 2

[0035] This embodiment discloses a preparation method of a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric, including the following steps:

[0036] Step (1): Mix nano-zinc oxide with water, ultrasonically disperse for 30 min, add copper dichloride dihydrate, stir and heat to 75 °C, add L-ascorbic acid, react at 75 °C for 20 h. After the reaction, centrifuge, take the centrifuged precipitate, wash it 3 times by adding ethanol and water 4 times the mass of the centrifuged precipitate in sequence, and freeze-dry to obtain an inorganic antibacterial agent;

[0037] Among them, the mass ratio of nano-zinc oxide, water, and copper dichloride dihydrate is 2:60:0.25; the molar ratio of copper dichloride dihydrate to L-ascorbic acid is 1:2;

[0038] Step (2): Mix the inorganic antibacterial agent, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC), and N,N-dimethylformamide, ultrasonically disperse for 30 min, add polyacrylonitrile, and stir at room temperature for 20 h to obtain a spinning solution;

[0039] Among them, the mass ratio of the inorganic antibacterial agent, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC), N,N-dimethylformamide, and polyacrylonitrile is 0.4:0.3:100:10;

[0040] Step (3): Electrospin the spinning solution on the surface of the acrylic fabric to form antibacterial nanofibers. After the electrospinning, shape at 140 °C for 4 min to obtain a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric;

[0041] Among them, the mass ratio of the spinning solution to the acrylic fabric is 1:100; the process parameters of electrospinning are: voltage is 11 kV, receiving distance is 9 cm, ambient temperature is 20 °C, and ambient humidity is 30%.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] This example discloses a preparation method of a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric, including the following steps:

[0044] Step (1): Mix nano-zinc oxide with water, ultrasonically disperse for 45 min, add copper dichloride dihydrate, stir and heat to 82 °C, add L-ascorbic acid, react at 82 °C for 17 h. After the reaction, centrifuge, take the centrifuged precipitate, wash it 5 times by adding ethanol and water 2 times the mass of the centrifuged precipitate in sequence, and freeze-dry to obtain an inorganic antibacterial agent;

[0045] Among them, the mass ratio of nano-zinc oxide, water, and copper dichloride dihydrate is 2:75:0.4; the molar ratio of copper dichloride dihydrate to L-ascorbic acid is 1:3.5;

[0046] Step (2): Mix the inorganic antibacterial agent, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC), and N,N-dimethylformamide, ultrasonically disperse for 45 min, add polyacrylonitrile, and stir at room temperature for 23 h to obtain a spinning solution;

[0047] Among them, the mass ratio of the inorganic antibacterial agent, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC), N,N-dimethylformamide, and polyacrylonitrile is 0.55:0.45:85:10;

[0048] Step (3): Electrostatically spin the antibacterial nanofibers on the surface of the acrylic fabric with the spinning solution. After the spinning is completed, shape at 155 °C for 2 min to obtain a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric;

[0049] Among them, the mass ratio of the spinning solution to the acrylic fabric is 2:100; the process parameters of the electrostatic spinning are: voltage is 14 kV, receiving distance is 12 cm, ambient temperature is 28 °C, and ambient humidity is 38%.

[0050] Example 4

[0051] This example discloses a preparation method of a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric, including the following steps:

[0052] Step (1): Mix nano-zinc oxide with water, ultrasonically disperse for 40 min, add copper dichloride dihydrate, stir and heat to 80 °C, add L-ascorbic acid, react at 80 °C for 18 h. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge, take the centrifuged precipitate, and wash it 4 times with ethanol and water that are 3 times the mass of the centrifuged precipitate in sequence, and then freeze-dry to obtain the inorganic antibacterial agent;

[0053] Among them, the mass ratio of nano-zinc oxide, water, and copper dichloride dihydrate is 2:70:0.35; the molar ratio of copper dichloride dihydrate to L-ascorbic acid is 1:3;

[0054] Step (2): Mix the inorganic antibacterial agent, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC), and N,N-dimethylformamide, ultrasonically disperse for 40 min, add polyacrylonitrile, and stir at room temperature for 22 h to obtain a spinning solution;

[0055] Among them, the mass ratio of the inorganic antibacterial agent, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC), N,N-dimethylformamide, and polyacrylonitrile is 0.5:0.4:90:10;

[0056] Step (3): Electrospinning the spinning solution onto the surface of the acrylic fabric to form antibacterial nanofibers. After the electrospinning is completed, it is shaped at 150 °C for 3 minutes to obtain a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric;

[0057] Among them, the mass ratio of the spinning solution to the acrylic fabric is 1.5:100; the process parameters of electrospinning are: voltage is 13 kV, receiving distance is 11 cm, ambient temperature is 25 °C, and ambient humidity is 35%.

[0058] Example 5

[0059] This example discloses a preparation method of a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric, including the following steps:

[0060] Step (1): Mix nano-zinc oxide with water, ultrasonically disperse for 35 minutes, add copper dichloride dihydrate, stir and heat to 78 °C, add L-ascorbic acid, react at 78 °C for 19 hours. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge, take the centrifuged precipitate, and successively add ethanol and water 4 times the mass of the centrifuged precipitate and wash 3 times, then freeze-dry to obtain an inorganic antibacterial agent;

[0061] Among them, the mass ratio of nano-zinc oxide, water, and copper dichloride dihydrate is 2:65:0.3; the molar ratio of copper dichloride dihydrate to L-ascorbic acid is 1:2.5;

[0062] Step (2): Mix the inorganic antibacterial agent, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC), and N,N-dimethylformamide, ultrasonically disperse for 35 minutes, add polyacrylonitrile, and stir at room temperature for 21 hours to obtain a spinning solution;

[0063] Among them, the mass ratio of the inorganic antibacterial agent, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC), N,N-dimethylformamide, and polyacrylonitrile is 0.45:0.35:95:10;

[0064] Step (3): Electrospinning the spinning solution onto the surface of the acrylic fabric to form antibacterial nanofibers. After the electrospinning is completed, it is shaped at 145 °C for 4 minutes to obtain a highly breathable antibacterial functional composite fabric;

[0065] Among them, the mass ratio of the spinning solution to the acrylic fabric is 1:100; the process parameters of electrospinning are: voltage is 12 kV, receiving distance is 10 cm, ambient temperature is 22 °C, and ambient humidity is 32%.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] This comparative example discloses a preparation method of a composite fabric, including the following steps:

[0068] Step (1): Mix nano-zinc oxide with water, ultrasonically disperse for 30 min, add copper chloride dihydrate, stir and heat to 75 °C, add L-ascorbic acid, react at 75 °C for 20 h. After the reaction, centrifuge, take the centrifuged precipitate, wash it 3 times successively with ethanol and water which are 4 times the mass of the centrifuged precipitate, and freeze-dry to obtain an inorganic antibacterial agent;

[0069] Among them, the mass ratio of nano-zinc oxide, water, and copper chloride dihydrate is 2:60:0.25; the molar ratio of copper chloride dihydrate to L-ascorbic acid is 1:2;

[0070] Step (2): Mix the inorganic antibacterial agent with N,N-dimethylformamide, ultrasonically disperse for 30 min, add polyacrylonitrile, and stir at room temperature for 20 h to obtain a spinning solution;

[0071] Among them, the mass ratio of the inorganic antibacterial agent, N,N-dimethylformamide, and polyacrylonitrile is 0.4:100:10;

[0072] Step (3): Electrospin the spinning solution onto the surface of the acrylic fabric to form antibacterial nanofibers. After the electrospinning is completed, shape it at 140 °C for 4 min to obtain a composite fabric;

[0073] Among them, the mass ratio of the spinning solution to the acrylic fabric is 1:100; the process parameters of electrospinning are: voltage is 11 kV, receiving distance is 9 cm, ambient temperature is 20 °C, and ambient humidity is 30%.

[0074] Comparative Example 2

[0075] This comparative example discloses a preparation method of a composite fabric, including the following steps:

[0076] Step (1): Mix nano-zinc oxide with water, ultrasonically disperse for 30 min, add copper chloride dihydrate, stir and heat to 75 °C, add L-ascorbic acid, react at 75 °C for 20 h. After the reaction, centrifuge, take the centrifuged precipitate, wash it 3 times successively with ethanol and water which are 4 times the mass of the centrifuged precipitate, and freeze-dry to obtain an inorganic antibacterial agent;

[0077] Among them, the mass ratio of nano-zinc oxide, water, and copper chloride dihydrate is 2:60:0.25; the molar ratio of copper chloride dihydrate to L-ascorbic acid is 1:2;

[0078] Step (2): Mix the inorganic antibacterial agent, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC), and N,N-dimethylformamide, ultrasonically disperse for 30 min, add polyacrylonitrile, and stir at room temperature for 20 h to obtain a spinning solution;

[0079] Among them, the mass ratio of the inorganic antibacterial agent, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC), N,N-dimethylformamide, and polyacrylonitrile is 0.4:0.3:100:10;

[0080] Step (3): Electrospinning the spinning solution on the surface of the acrylic fabric to spin antibacterial nanofibers. After the electrospinning is completed, it is shaped at 80 °C for 4 minutes to obtain a composite fabric;

[0081] Among them, the mass ratio of the spinning solution to the acrylic fabric is 1:100; the process parameters of electrospinning are: voltage is 11 kV, receiving distance is 9 cm, ambient temperature is 20 °C, and ambient humidity is 30%.

[0082] In the above examples and comparative examples: Nano zinc oxide comes from Shanghai Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd., particle size: 20 nm, CAS number: 1314-13-2; Copper dichloride dihydrate comes from Tianjin Bodi Chemical Co., Ltd., CAS number: 13933-17-0; L-ascorbic acid comes from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., CAS number: 50-81-7; 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone (MC) comes from Herosource Co., CAS number: 134566-97-5; N,N-dimethylformamide comes from Hangzhou Gaojing Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., CAS number: 68-12-2; Polyacrylonitrile comes from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd., Mw = 150000, CAS number: 25014-41-9; The acrylic fabric comes from Suzhou Pinzheng Textile and Garment Co., Ltd., yarn count: 75D*75D, gram weight: 360 g / m 2 , product number: AI2150043.

[0083] Test Example

[0084] (1) Comprehensive performance test

[0085] The composite fabrics prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were subjected to comprehensive performance tests. The specific test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2:

[0086] Table 1

[0087] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Air permeability (mm / s) >80 >80 >80 >80 >80 >80 >80

[0088] Table 2

[0089]

[0090] The detection of each index in Table 1 and Table 2 is based on the following standards respectively: The air permeability is determined by GB / T5453-1997 "Determination of Air Permeability of Textiles Fabrics"; The antibacterial rate is determined by GB / T20944.1-2007 "Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Textiles Part 1: Agar Plate Diffusion Method" and GB / T 20944.3-2008 "Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Textiles Part 3: Oscillation Method"; The water washing procedure is carried out according to the simplified washing process and operating conditions in Appendix C of FZ / T 73023-2006 "Antibacterial Knitted Fabrics", and the number of water washing times is 50 times.

[0091] According to the test results in Table 1, it can be seen that the composite fabric prepared by the present invention has high air permeability and excellent antibacterial properties.

[0092] In Comparative Example 1, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolinone is not added, and it cannot produce a synergistic antibacterial effect with nano-zinc oxide and copper nanoparticles. Moreover, the non-ionic antibacterial agent has poor dispersibility in the fiber and a slow bactericidal rate. Therefore, the composite fabric obtained in Comparative Example 1 has poor antibacterial properties, and thus the antibacterial rates before and after water washing are lower than those in the examples.

[0093] In Comparative Example 2, the setting temperature for depositing nanofibers on the acrylic fabric is 80°C, and the organic solvent volatilizes slowly. The nanofibers do not completely adhere to the fabric surface and the bonding with the fabric is not firm. Therefore, the antibacterial performance of the composite fabric obtained in Comparative Example 2 decreases after 50 times of water washing, and thus the antibacterial rates after water washing are lower than those in the examples.

[0094] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a highly breathable and antibacterial functional composite fabric, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step (1), mixing nano zinc oxide with water, ultrasonically dispersing, adding cupric chloride dihydrate, stirring and heating, adding L-ascorbic acid, reacting, and purifying after the reaction to obtain an inorganic antibacterial agent; Step (2), mixing an inorganic antibacterial agent, an organic antibacterial agent, and N,N-dimethylformamide, ultrasonically dispersing the mixture, adding polyacrylonitrile, and stirring the mixture to obtain a spinning solution; Step (3), spinning the antibacterial nanofibers on the surface of the fabric with the spinning solution, and shaping after the spinning is completed to obtain a highly breathable and antibacterial functional composite fabric.

2. The method for preparing a highly breathable and antibacterial functional composite fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the mass ratio of nano zinc oxide, water and cupric chloride dihydrate is 2:(60-80):(0.25-0.45); and the molar ratio of cupric chloride dihydrate to L-ascorbic acid is 1:(2-4).

3. The method for preparing a highly breathable and antibacterial functional composite fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the reaction conditions are: reacting at 75-85° C. for 16-20 hours.

4. The method for preparing a highly breathable and antibacterial functional composite fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the purification step is: centrifugation, taking the centrifugal precipitate, adding ethanol and water in an amount 2-4 times the mass of the centrifugal precipitate in sequence, washing 3-5 times, and freeze-drying.

5. The method for preparing a highly breathable and antibacterial functional composite fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the organic antibacterial agent is 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone (MC); the mass ratio of the inorganic antibacterial agent, the organic antibacterial agent 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolidinone (MC), N,N-dimethylformamide, and polyacrylonitrile is (0.4-0.6):(0.3-0.5):(80-100):

10.

6. The method for preparing a highly breathable and antibacterial functional composite fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the fabric is acrylic fabric; and the mass ratio of the spinning solution to the acrylic fabric is (1-2):

100.

7. The method for preparing a highly breathable and antibacterial functional composite fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3): the spinning process is an electrostatic spinning process.

8. The method for preparing a highly breathable and antibacterial functional composite fabric according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the spinning step, the process parameters of electrostatic spinning are: voltage of 11-15 kV, receiving distance of 9-13 cm, ambient temperature of 20-30° C., and ambient humidity of 30-40%.

9. The method for preparing a highly breathable and antibacterial functional composite fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (3), the shaping step is: shaping at a temperature of 140-160° C. for 2-4 minutes.

10. A highly breathable and antibacterial functional composite fabric prepared by the method for preparing a highly breathable and antibacterial functional composite fabric as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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