Explosive shock wave absorbing structure and design method

Abstract

The invention relates to an explosive shock wave absorbing structure and a design method, and relates to the technical field of underground mine mining, the wave absorbing structure comprises a core wave-blocking rock and a roadway arranged with the core wave-blocking rock as the center, the core wave-blocking rock is a right triangle or obtuse triangle, one side of the corner with the largest angle is an explosive warehouse connecting roadway, and the other side of the corner with the largest angle is an explosive warehouse connecting roadway. The explosive warehouse connection lane is connected with the underground explosive sub-warehouses, the explosive warehouse connection lane serves as an inlet end of explosive shock waves of the explosive warehouse, the two edge sides and the opposite edge side connected with the corner, with the largest angle, of the triangular structure of the core wave blocking rock serve as shock wave gas buffering lanes, and a safety lane connection lane is arranged at the midpoint of the opposite edge of the corner with the largest angle. Through the engineering arrangement of the explosion shock wave absorbing structure, shock waves generated by accidental explosion of an underground explosive warehouse can be absorbed, so that the effect of protecting main roadways, personnel and equipment at the output end position is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of underground mine mining, and more particularly, to a shock wave damping structure and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The underground explosive sub-warehouse is a key facility for storing pyrotechnics underground, commonly found in drill and blast mines with a burial depth of >500m. Its advantage is that it can improve the overall efficiency of the transportation and hoisting system, achieve off-peak transportation, avoid the periods when personnel and equipment gather, and transport the pyrotechnics from the surface to the underground in advance during the idle time of the transportation and hoisting system, reducing the hoisting and transportation pressure and the safety control risk pressure during peak hours. However, its disadvantages are also obvious. Certain wave damping and shock wave elimination measures must be set between the underground explosive sub-warehouse and the main roadway to protect the safety of personnel and equipment in the roadway.

[0003] Currently, the commonly used wave damping and shock wave elimination measures include: controlling the distance between the underground explosive sub-warehouse and the main roadway, setting up facilities such as tooth-shaped wave damping walls, etc. For example, in the design of common underground mines, it is usually required that the distance between the underground explosive sub-warehouse and the main roadway be set more than 100m, and wave damping wall facilities are added. In the patent with the application number 202121790180.X, "Tooth-shaped wave damping wall structure of underground blasting material distribution chamber", a number of wave damping walls are arranged inside the branch roadway, and the wave damping walls are located between the distribution chamber and the main roadway, and adjacent two wave damping walls are arranged symmetrically and alternately before and after each other. In 201810589551.4, "An explosion wave pre-damping structure for protecting coal mine air shaft facilities", a wave damping wall and several shock wave damping walls are arranged in the shock wave damping roadway, and the wave damping wall and several shock wave damping walls are arranged at intervals.

[0004] All the above measures in the prior art and the above patents have increased the complexity of engineering design and the tunneling workload. At the same time, the pyrotechnics transportation equipment will also be affected by facilities such as wave damping walls and cannot reach near the explosive sub-warehouse, increasing the burden of many transportation tasks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, a shock wave damping structure and its layout method are provided. The present invention meets the requirements of preventing and controlling the impact of explosion on personnel and equipment in the main roadway under the conditions of reasonable structure, safety and reliability, and less engineering quantity.

[0006] The technical means adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0007] An explosion shock wave attenuation structure includes a core shock wave blocking rock and a roadway arranged with the core shock wave blocking rock as the center. The core shock wave blocking rock is a right triangle or an obtuse triangle, and on one side of the angle with the largest angle is the explosive magazine connecting roadway, which is connected to the underground explosive sub-warehouse. The explosive magazine connecting roadway serves as the inlet end of the explosion shock wave of the explosive magazine. The two side edges and the opposite side edge connected to the angle with the largest angle of the core shock wave blocking rock triangular structure serve as the shock wave gas buffer roadway, and a safety roadway connecting roadway is arranged at the midpoint of the opposite side of the angle with the largest angle.

[0008] Further, the output end of the shock wave gas buffer roadway is directly connected to the safety roadway connecting roadway or is connected to the safety roadway connecting roadway through a stacked shock wave blocking structure arranged with the second shock wave blocking rock as the center.

[0009] Further, the second shock wave blocking rock is an isosceles trapezoid, the side where the upper base is located is the inlet end of the shock wave, and the two waist sides and the lower base side of the second shock wave blocking rock serve as the second shock wave gas buffer roadway.

[0010] Further, the cross-sectional areas of the explosive magazine connecting roadway, the shock wave gas buffer roadway, and the safety roadway connecting roadway are 1.5 - 2.0 times the cross-sectional area of the roadway that meets the normal and safe distance for the operation of mining equipment.

[0011] The present invention also discloses a design method based on the above explosion shock wave attenuation structure:

[0012] According to the distribution area of the ore block, select the area near the center position of the ore body as the setting area of the underground explosive sub-warehouse;

[0013] Based on the position of the underground explosive sub-warehouse and the preset situation of simultaneous explosion of the stacked explosives, plan the position and specifications of the core shock wave blocking rock, and then plan the positions and specifications of the explosive magazine connecting roadway, the shock wave gas buffer roadway, and the safety roadway connecting roadway. Specifically,

[0014] Based on the position of the underground explosive sub-warehouse and the preset situation of simultaneous explosion of the stacked explosives, calculate the air shock wave pressure value received by the safety roadway connecting roadway at a preset distance from the blasting center through the underground air shock wave overpressure formula;

[0015] Construct a shock wave blocking rock model, place the shock wave blocking rock model between the explosive magazine connecting roadway and the safety roadway connecting roadway, and form a shock wave gas buffer roadway with the shock wave blocking rock model as the center. By adjusting the roadway specifications of the explosive magazine connecting roadway and other roadways, obtain the first shock wave attenuation coefficient in the safety roadway connecting roadway after setting the shock wave blocking rock;

[0016] Adjust the data including the angle of the wave-blocking rock triangle facing the connecting roadway of the explosive magazine, and obtain the second shock wave attenuation coefficient in the connecting roadway of the safety roadway after setting wave-blocking rocks of different specifications. The second shock wave attenuation coefficient includes the attenuation coefficients of three shock waves after wave-blocking rock diversion, oblique impact turning, and counter impact reduction. Among them, wave-blocking rock diversion is the two segments of shock waves formed by the shock wave being divided by the angle of the wave-blocking rock triangle facing the connecting roadway of the explosive magazine, oblique impact turning is the two segments of shock waves along the two short sides of the triangle, and counter impact reduction is the shock wave after the two segments of shock waves after oblique impact turning collide with each other;

[0017] Based on the preset safety factor value, determine whether the shock wave value after comprehensively considering the first shock wave attenuation and the second shock wave attenuation is less than the maximum air shock wave pressure value that the human body can withstand;

[0018] If so, record the roadway specifications of the connecting roadway of the explosive magazine and other connecting roadways, and the specifications of the wave-blocking rocks, and complete the recording of the relevant parameters of the specific layout method;

[0019] If not, adjust the roadway specifications of the connecting roadway of the explosive magazine and other connecting roadways, and the specifications of the wave-blocking rocks, until the shock wave value after comprehensively considering the first shock wave attenuation and the second shock wave attenuation is less than the maximum air shock wave pressure value that the human body can withstand.

[0020] Further, when the shock wave value after the first shock wave attenuation and the second shock wave attenuation after adjustment is still not less than the maximum air shock wave pressure value that the human body can withstand, a stacked wave-blocking structure centered on the second wave-blocking rock is set at the output end of the shock wave gas buffer roadway, and the third shock wave attenuation coefficient after setting second wave-blocking rocks of different specifications is obtained. Comprehensively consider the first shock wave attenuation coefficient, the second shock wave attenuation coefficient, and the third shock wave attenuation coefficient until the shock wave value after adjusting the three is less than the maximum air shock wave pressure value that the human body can withstand.

[0021] Further, a return air connecting roadway of the explosive magazine is arranged on the other side of the underground explosive sub-warehouse. The return air connecting roadway of the explosive magazine is connected to the safety roadway and serves as a return air passage.

[0022] Further, the top of the return air connecting roadway of the explosive magazine is connected to the middle-section return air cross roadway, and a toothed wave-blocking wall is arranged in the middle-section return air cross roadway.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] 1. The shock wave energy dissipation effect of the shock wave elimination structure of the present invention is obvious. The penetration end of the shock wave is located on the right-angled or obtuse-angled side of the triangular roadway. From the moment the explosion shock wave enters the shock wave elimination structure, the shock wave elimination process includes shock wave diversion, shock wave turning, shock wave compressing air to do work, shock wave air flow counteracting, and shock wave friction with the rock wall. The shock wave is output to the safe roadway at the opposite side of this angle. Through the engineering layout of this explosion shock wave elimination structure, the shock wave generated by the accidental explosion of the underground explosive depot can be eliminated, so as to play a role in protecting the main roadway, personnel, and equipment at the output end position. When the amount of explosives stored in the explosive depot is large, the shock wave elimination can be continuously stabilized by stacking additional shock wave elimination structures.

[0025] 2. The engineering of the shock wave elimination structure of the present invention is reasonable and the engineering quantity is small. In the shock wave elimination structure, vehicles such as trackless explosion-proof vehicles can be used to directly reach the explosive depot and the safe roadway for transporting explosive materials. At the same time, the engineering layout length of the triangular roadway and the buffer roadway is about 110m, and the cross-sectional area of the roadway is only 1.5 - 2.0 times that of the connecting roadway. The overall engineering quantity of the shock wave elimination structure construction is not large, and the construction process is not complicated.

[0026] 3. The shock wave elimination structure of the present invention is very beneficial for optimizing and adjusting the location of the underground explosive depot. Among the disasters caused by explosions, the blasting shock wave disaster has the widest influence range. Through the shock wave elimination of the shock wave elimination structure of the present invention, the explosion shock wave disaster of the underground explosive depot has been basically prevented. When choosing the location of the explosive depot, only factors such as explosion vibration affecting the safety of other roadways need to be considered, which is beneficial for adjusting the location of the underground explosive depot, reducing transportation work and engineering quantity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the single-layer wave blocking structure of the explosion shock wave elimination structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the stacked wave blocking structure of the explosion shock wave elimination structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a layout plan of the embodiment of the underground explosive depot of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a sectional view along a-a' of the return air raise and other accessory structures of the embodiment of the underground explosive depot of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: 1. Connecting roadway of explosive magazine; 2. Shock wave gas buffer roadway; 3. Connecting roadway of safety roadway; 4. Core wave-blocking rock; 5. Explosion shock wave wave-dissipating structure; 6. Wave-dissipating structure connecting roadway; 7. Safety roadway; 8. Return air connecting roadway of explosive magazine; 9. Return air shaft of explosive magazine; 10. Underground explosive sub-store; 11. Concrete toothed wave-blocking wall; 12. Crossheading of mid-section return air. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and in no way restricts the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing the specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As used herein, unless otherwise clearly specified in the context, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or their combinations.

[0036] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangements of components and steps, numerical expressions and values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be clear that, for the convenience of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual proportional relationships. Technologies, methods and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the technologies, methods and devices should be regarded as part of the authorized specification. In all the examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be construed as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by orientation words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc. is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Without contrary explanation, these orientation words do not indicate and imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention: the orientation words "inside, outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contour of each component itself.

[0038] For the convenience of description, spatial relative terms such as "above...", "over...", "on the upper surface of...", "upper" etc. can be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature shown in the figure and other devices or features. It should be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure for the device. For example, if the device in the drawing is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "over other devices or structures" will then be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "under other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above..." can include both the orientations of "above..." and "below...". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and corresponding interpretations should be made for the spatial relative descriptions used here.

[0039] In addition, it should be noted that using words such as "first", "second" etc. to limit components is only for the convenience of differentiating the corresponding components. Without additional statement, the above words have no special meaning. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, an explosion shock wave damping structure 5 is disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a core shock wave damping rock 4 and a roadway arranged with the core shock wave damping rock 4 as the center. The core shock wave damping rock 4 is used for shock wave diversion and flow guidance. The roadway includes an explosive magazine connecting roadway 1, a shock wave gas buffer roadway 2 and a safety roadway connecting roadway 3. The core shock wave damping rock 4 is a right triangle or an obtuse triangle, and the side of the angle with the largest angle is the explosive magazine connecting roadway 1. The explosive magazine connecting roadway 1 is connected to the underground explosive sub-magazine 10. The explosive magazine connecting roadway 1 serves as the inlet end of the explosion shock wave of the explosive magazine. The two side parts and the opposite side part connected to the angle with the largest angle of the triangular structure of the core shock wave damping rock 4 are the shock wave gas buffer roadways 2. A safety roadway connecting roadway 3 is arranged at the midpoint of the opposite side of the angle with the largest angle, and specifically, it can be connected to other roadways by using a level roadway or an inclined roadway. The shock wave gas buffer roadway 2 also serves as a shunting chamber in normal situations.

[0041] Specifically, when an unexpected explosion occurs, the shock wave generated by the explosion of the explosives depot rushes into the explosives depot connecting tunnel 1 from the right-angle or obtuse-angle side of the triangular tunnel, and directly collides with the core wave-blocking rock 4 surrounded by the triangular tunnel project for the first wave dissipation, and then is diverted on both sides along the right-angle or obtuse-angle side tunnel, rushing to the shock wave gas buffer tunnel 2 at both ends of the acute angle side, and further dissipating the wave through compressed air work. At the same time, two shock waves are formed after the reverse impact, further consuming energy, and finally passing through the output end of the tunnel corresponding to the right-angle or obtuse angle, and dissipating into other tunnels after reaching a safe wind speed.

[0042] The vertical height of the right-angled or obtuse-angled triangle of the core wave-blocking rock 4 corresponding to the long side is about 20m, and can be further increased or decreased depending on the hardness of the rock.

[0043] The length of the shock wave gas buffer tunnel 2 is not less than 10m.

[0044] The explosives storehouse connecting tunnel 1 should be able to ensure the stable transmission of shock waves after the explosion, the length should be no less than 15m, and the tunnel section should meet the tunnel section of the normal safe distance for the operation of mining equipment.

[0045] The triangular wave-breaking structure is suitable for accidental explosions in explosives warehouses with a storage volume of less than 5 tons of explosives. When the storage volume of explosives is ≥5 tons, a stacked wave-breaking structure can be used for engineering layout.

[0046] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, the output end of the shock wave gas buffer lane 2 is directly connected to the safety lane link lane 3 or is connected to the safety lane link lane through a stacked wave-blocking structure arranged with the second wave-blocking rock as the center.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the second wave-blocking rock is an isosceles trapezoid, and the side where its upper base is located is the entrance end of the shock wave after passing through the core wave-blocking rock. The two waist sides and the lower bottom side of the second wave-blocking rock serve as the second shock wave gas buffer lane, and then enter the safety lane connecting lane 3.

[0048] The cross-sectional area of ​​the explosive storage tunnel, shock wave gas buffer tunnel and safety tunnel is 1.5 to 2.0 times the tunnel cross-sectional area that meets the normal safety distance of mining equipment operation, so as to provide sufficient gas compression space.

[0049] The present invention also discloses the arrangement, design method and verification calculation method based on the above explosion shock wave absorbing structure:

[0050] The first step is to select the area with the minimum transport work or near the center of the ore body as the setting area of ​​the underground explosive sub-warehouse 10 according to the distribution area of ​​the ore blocks;

[0051] In the second step, based on the location of the underground explosive sub-warehouse, plan the location and specifications of the core shock wave blocking rock 4, and then plan the locations and specifications of the explosive warehouse connecting roadway 1, the shock wave gas buffer roadway 2, and the safety roadway connecting roadway 3.

[0052] Specifically,

[0053] Based on the location of the underground explosive sub-warehouse and the preset situation of simultaneous explosion of stacked explosives, calculate the air shock wave pressure value received by the safety roadway connecting roadway at a preset distance from the blasting center through the underground air shock wave overpressure formula.

[0054] Construct a shock wave blocking rock model, place the shock wave blocking rock model between the explosive warehouse connecting roadway and the safety roadway connecting roadway, and form a shock wave gas buffer roadway with the shock wave blocking rock model as the center. By adjusting the roadway specifications of the explosive warehouse connecting roadway and other roadways, obtain the first shock wave attenuation coefficient in the safety roadway connecting roadway after setting the shock wave blocking rock.

[0055] Under the condition that the distance between the shock wave blocking rock and the explosive warehouse remains unchanged, adjust the data including the angle of the shock wave blocking rock triangle facing the explosive warehouse connecting roadway to obtain the second shock wave attenuation coefficient in the safety roadway connecting roadway after setting shock wave blocking rocks of different specifications. The second shock wave attenuation coefficient includes the attenuation coefficients of three shock waves after being shunted by the shock wave blocking rock, deflected by oblique impact, and eliminated by counter impact. Among them, shock wave shunting is the two shock waves formed by the shock wave being divided by the angle of the shock wave blocking rock triangle facing the explosive warehouse connecting roadway, oblique impact deflection is the two shock waves along the two short sides of the triangle, and counter impact elimination is the shock wave after the two shock waves after oblique impact deflection collide.

[0056] Based on the preset safety factor value, judge whether the shock wave value after comprehensively considering the first shock wave attenuation and the second shock wave attenuation is less than the maximum air shock wave pressure value that the human body can withstand.

[0057] If so, record the roadway specifications of the explosive warehouse connecting roadway and other connecting roadways and the specifications of the shock wave blocking rock to complete the recording of the relevant parameters of the specific layout method.

[0058] If not, adjust the roadway specifications of the explosive warehouse connecting roadway and other connecting roadways and the specifications of the shock wave blocking rock until the shock wave value after comprehensively considering the first shock wave attenuation and the second shock wave attenuation is less than the maximum air shock wave pressure value that the human body can withstand.

[0059] As an expandable implementation method, when the shock wave value after the first shock wave attenuation and the second shock wave attenuation is still not less than the maximum air shock wave pressure value that the human body can withstand, a stacked shock wave blocking structure centered on the second shock wave blocking rock is set at the output end of the shock wave gas buffer roadway, and the third shock wave attenuation coefficient after setting the second shock wave blocking rocks of different specifications is obtained. The first shock wave attenuation coefficient, the second shock wave attenuation coefficient and the third shock wave attenuation coefficient are comprehensively considered until the shock wave value after adjusting the three is less than the maximum air shock wave pressure value that the human body can withstand.

[0060] In this embodiment, the explosive storage capacity of the underground explosive sub-depot is 5t. The safety connecting roadway 3 in the shock wave elimination structure is arranged in parallel with the explosive depot connecting roadway 1. The roadway section is 3.0m wide × 3.0m high. The core shock wave blocking rock 4 is an isosceles right triangle with an angle of 45°, and the thickness is 20m; the other roadway sections are 4.5m wide × 4.0m high. The length of the shock wave gas buffer roadway 2 is 10m. In this embodiment, the end of the shock wave gas buffer roadway 2 is connected to the middle-section safety roadway 7 through the safety roadway connecting roadway 3 and the shock wave elimination structure connecting roadway 6. The distance between the lower end of the shock wave gas buffer roadway 2 and the middle-section safety roadway is controlled to be more than 20m.

[0061] An explosive depot return air roadway connecting roadway 8 is arranged on the other side of the underground explosive sub-depot, and finally leads to the middle-section dedicated return air cross roadway 12 through the return air shaft 9 and the upper-middle-section return air connecting roadway, serving as the return air and safety emergency passage of the underground explosive sub-depot. The height of the air shaft in the embodiment is 50m.

[0062] In the upper-middle-section return air connecting roadway, a toothed shock wave blocking wall 11 is arranged. The shock wave blocking wall is a conventional layout of the underground explosive depot, and its effect will not be analyzed further.

[0063] The shock wave analysis and verification calculation process of the shock wave elimination structure in the embodiment is as follows:

[0064] Using the underground air shock wave overpressure △P calculation formula (without considering the attenuation of the blasting shock wave), it is obtained that when 5t of explosives in the explosive sub-depot explode simultaneously, the air shock wave pressure value at the connection between the safety roadway 7 and the shock wave elimination structure connecting roadway 6 without attenuation is about 1737.909Kpa. In this embodiment, the shock wave blocking rock is set to be directly connected to the explosive depot, which reduces the engineering quantity of the explosive depot connecting roadway, so as to achieve the structural design with the minimum engineering quantity. In other optional implementation methods, when the length of the explosive depot connecting roadway increases, the air shock wave pressure value at the connection between the safety roadway 7 and the shock wave elimination structure connecting roadway 6 without attenuation will be smaller.

[0065] Using the formula

[0066] In the formula: q is the total mass of the blasting explosives, kg; m y is the coefficient of the explosive energy converted into shock waves; R is the distance from the blasting center, m; ∑S is the total area of the roadways adjacent to the blasting area, m2 ;d S is the roadway diameter, d S =(4S / π) 0.5 , m; S is the cross section of the tunnel, m 2 ; β roadway surface roughness coefficient. For relevant values, please refer to the Manual for Implementation of Blasting Safety Regulations and other reference books.

[0067] Consider the attenuation effect of the change in tunnel section on the shock wave. The cross section of the explosive depot tunnel 1 is 3.0m wide × 3.0m high, with a cross-sectional area of ​​11.34m 2 The cross section of other tunnels is 4.5m wide × 4.0m high, with a cross-sectional area of ​​23.265m 2 , which is twice the cross-sectional area of ​​the explosives depot tunnel 1, and the cross-sectional attenuation coefficient ranges from 1.2 to 1.4.

[0068] Consider the influence of wave attenuation during the propagation of shock waves in the tunnel. After the explosion, the air shock wave passes through the explosives depot tunnel 1, charges to the shock wave attenuation structure, and goes through three processes: wave-blocking rock diversion (45°), oblique impact diversion (135°), and counter-impact reduction. It enters the middle safety tunnel 7 through the wave-absorption structure tunnel 6. The attenuation coefficients of the attenuation process range from 2.2 to 2.8, 6.0 to 8.0, and 9.0 to 11.0, respectively.

[0069] The comprehensive safety factor is 1.5, and the shock wave at the connection between the safety tunnel 7 and the wave-absorbing structure tunnel 6 is calculated to be about 8.82-18.29Kpa after attenuation, which is less than the maximum air shock wave pressure of 20Kpa that the human body can withstand. This shows that the wave-absorbing structure has a significant effect on the shock wave absorption of the explosion.

[0070] In the embodiment, trackless explosion-proof transport equipment is used for daily production. It passes through the wave-breaking structure connecting tunnel and the wave-breaking structure to go to the underground explosives distribution warehouse. After loading the pyrotechnics, it returns to the middle section safety tunnel along the original route and then transports to each blasting operation surface.

[0071] In the embodiment, when an unexpected explosion occurs, the shock wave generated by the explosion of the explosives depot is divided into two parts. One part of the shock wave rushes into the explosives depot connecting lane of the wave-breaking structure, and directly collides with the core wave-blocking rock surrounded by the triangular tunnel project for the first wave-breaking, and then is diverted on both sides along the right-angle side lane, rushing to the shock wave gas buffer lane at both ends of the acute angle side, and further dissipating the wave by compressed air. At the same time, two shock waves are formed after the reverse impact, further consuming energy, and finally passing through the safety lane connecting lane and the wave-breaking structure connecting lane of the corresponding right angle side, reaching a safe shock pressure (<20Kpa) and then dissipating into the lane; the other part of the shock wave generated by the explosion impacts the return air skylight side, and the shock wave goes up through the skylight and leads to the return air connecting lane. After being dissipated by the serrated wave-blocking wall, it reaches a safe wind speed and dissipates into the middle return air lane.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An explosion shock wave dissipation structure, characterized in that: It includes a core wave-blocking rock and a tunnel arranged with the core wave-blocking rock as the center. The core wave-blocking rock is a right-angled triangle or an obtuse-angled triangle. The side with the largest angle is a dynamite depot connecting tunnel. The dynamite depot connecting tunnel is connected to the underground explosives sub-depot. The dynamite depot connecting tunnel serves as the entrance end of the shock wave of the explosion of the dynamite depot. The two side sides connected to the largest angle of the triangular structure of the core wave-blocking rock and the opposite side serve as shock wave gas buffer tunnels, and a safety tunnel connecting tunnel is arranged at the midpoint of the opposite side of the corner with the largest angle.

2. The explosion shock wave absorbing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the shock wave gas buffer lane is directly connected to the safety lane link lane or is connected to the safety lane link lane through a stacked wave-blocking structure arranged with the second wave-blocking rock as the center.

3. The explosion shock wave absorbing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second wave-blocking rock is an isosceles trapezoid, the side where the upper base is located is the entrance end of the shock wave, and the two waist sides and the lower bottom side of the second wave-blocking rock serve as the second shock wave gas buffer lane.

4. The explosion shock wave absorbing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the explosive storage tunnel, shock wave gas buffer tunnel and safety tunnel is 1.5 to 2.0 times the tunnel cross-sectional area that meets the normal safety distance for the operation of mining equipment.

5. A method for designing an explosion shock wave absorbing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Based on the location of the underground explosives sub-warehouse and the preset situation of simultaneous explosion of piled explosives, the location and specifications of the core wave-blocking rock are planned, and then the location and specifications of the explosives warehouse inter-tunnel, shock wave gas buffer tunnel and safety tunnel inter-tunnel are planned. Specifically, Based on the location of the underground explosives sub-warehouse and the preset situation of simultaneous explosion of the piled explosives, the air shock wave pressure value of the safety lane at a preset distance from the blasting center is calculated by the underground air shock wave overpressure formula; Construct a wave-blocking rock model, place it between the explosives depot tunnel and the safety tunnel tunnel, and form a shock wave gas buffer tunnel with the wave-blocking rock model as the center. By adjusting the tunnel specifications of the explosives depot tunnel and other tunnels, obtain the first shock wave attenuation coefficient in the safety tunnel tunnel after setting the wave-blocking rock. Adjust data including the angle of the wave-blocking rock triangle facing the explosives depot laneway, and obtain the second shock wave attenuation coefficient in the safety lane laneway after setting wave-blocking rocks of different specifications, wherein the second shock wave attenuation coefficient includes the attenuation coefficients of three shock waves after wave-blocking rock diversion, oblique impact diversion, and counter-impact reduction, wherein the wave-blocking rock diversion is a shock wave divided into two sections by the angle of the wave-blocking rock triangle facing the explosives depot laneway, the oblique impact diversion is a shock wave along the two short sides of the triangle, and the counter-impact reduction is a shock wave after the two shock waves after the oblique impact diversion are counteracted; Based on a preset safety factor value, it is determined whether the shock wave value after the first shock wave attenuation and the second shock wave attenuation is less than the maximum air shock wave pressure value that the human body can withstand; If yes, record the tunnel specifications of the explosives storage tunnel and other tunnels, the specifications of the wave-blocking rock, and complete the record of the relevant parameters of the specific layout method; If not, adjust the tunnel specifications of the explosives depot connecting tunnel and other connecting tunnels, and the specifications of the wave-blocking rocks until the shock wave value after the first shock wave attenuation and the second shock wave attenuation is comprehensively considered to be less than the maximum air shock wave pressure value that the human body can withstand.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that When the adjusted shock wave value after the first shock wave attenuation and the second shock wave attenuation is still not less than the maximum air shock wave pressure value that the human body can withstand, a stacked wave-blocking structure with the second wave-blocking rock as the center is set at the output end of the shock wave gas buffer lane, and the third shock wave attenuation coefficient is obtained after setting second wave-blocking rocks of different specifications, and the first shock wave attenuation coefficient, the second shock wave attenuation coefficient and the third shock wave attenuation coefficient are comprehensively considered until the shock wave value after adjustment of the three is less than the maximum air shock wave pressure value that the human body can withstand.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that An explosives depot return air connecting tunnel is arranged on the other side of the underground explosives sub-depot, and the explosives depot return air connecting tunnel is connected to the safety tunnel as a return air channel.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The top of the return air connecting tunnel of the explosives storehouse is connected to the middle return air transverse tunnel, and a toothed wave-blocking wall is set in the middle return air transverse tunnel.

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