Desert forest planting and breeding combined cyclic utilization mode and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a desert forest planting and breeding combined cyclic utilization mode and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of resource cyclic utilization. The system comprises a forestry waste recycling unit, a mushroom planting unit, an insect breeding unit, a livestock and poultry breeding unit and a crop planting unit. The forestry waste recycling unit and the crop planting unit provide raw materials of a culture medium for the mushroom planting unit; the mushroom planting unit, the livestock and poultry breeding unit and the crop planting unit provide raw materials of feed for the insect breeding unit; the insect breeding unit and the crop planting unit provide raw materials of feed for the livestock and poultry breeding unit; the insect breeding unit and the livestock and poultry breeding unit provide fertilizer for the crop planting unit. According to the invention, agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry wastes can be efficiently recycled to produce green and high-quality agricultural and sideline products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of resource recycling, and particularly relates to a recycling mode of combined planting and breeding in desert forests and its application. Background Art

[0002] Forestry plays an indispensable and important role in maintaining ecological balance, promoting economic development, protecting biodiversity, ensuring water resources, and promoting rural development and cultural inheritance. It is an important part of China's sustainable development. However, a large amount of surplus waste is generated in forestry every year, and the waste is mainly used in the production of feed or fuel, with a relatively single development form and room for improvement in recycling value. At the same time, a large amount of livestock manure and agricultural straw are generated in agriculture and animal husbandry every year, but the comprehensive utilization rate and harmless treatment rate are also relatively low. Therefore, providing a recycling mode of combined planting and breeding using forestry waste and agricultural and animal husbandry waste helps to achieve the sustainable development of forestry and the recycling of agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a recycling mode of combined planting and breeding in desert forests, which can effectively recycle agricultural, forestry, and animal husbandry waste, achieve the sustainable development of forestry and the recycling of agriculture, and improve the living environment.

[0004] In order to achieve the above invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A recycling mode of combined planting and breeding in desert forests, comprising: a forestry waste recycling unit, a mushroom planting unit, an insect breeding unit, a livestock and poultry breeding unit, and a crop planting unit; The forestry waste recycling unit and the crop planting unit provide raw materials for the culture medium to the mushroom planting unit; The mushroom planting unit, the livestock and poultry breeding unit, and the crop planting unit provide raw materials for the feed to the insect breeding unit; The insect breeding unit and the crop planting unit provide raw materials for the feed to the livestock and poultry breeding unit; The insect breeding unit and the livestock and poultry breeding unit provide fertilizers to the crop planting unit.

[0005] Preferably, the forestry waste recycling unit recycles the pruning branch waste of desert forests.

[0006] Preferably, the pruning branch waste of desert forests includes pruning branches of Caragana korshinskii and pruning branches of Salix psammophila.

[0007] Preferably, the mushroom planting unit plants edible fungi, and the edible fungi include Volvariella volvacea and Stropharia rugosoannulata.

[0008] Preferably, the insect breeding unit breeds saprophagous insects, and the saprophagous insects are any one or more of Protaetia brevitarsis, Tenebrio molitor, and Hermetia illucens.

[0009] Preferably, the livestock and poultry breeding unit breeds any one or more of chickens, ducks, pigs, and cows.

[0010] Preferably, the crops in the crop planting unit are any one or more of corn, soybeans, and wheat.

[0011] Preferably, the livestock and poultry breeding unit provides fertilizer for the crop planting unit by using livestock and poultry manure as fertilizer, and the livestock and poultry manure needs to be composted before use.

[0012] Preferably, it further includes an agricultural and sideline products processing unit.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the recycling mode in constructing ecological agriculture.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a recycling mode of combining planting and breeding in desert forests, using agricultural and forestry waste to breed edible mushrooms, using mushroom bran, livestock and poultry manure, and fermented agricultural waste to feed saprophagous resource insects, using the insect bodies of saprophagous resource insects as livestock and poultry feed, and using wormcast and fermented livestock and poultry manure as high-quality organic fertilizer for crops. The crops provide nutrients for the growth and development of mushrooms, saprophagous resource insects, and livestock and poultry. The present invention is an ecological resource circular production system involving environmental protection, recycling of forestry waste resources, recycling of straw resources, recycling of manure resources, fermentation of agricultural waste, edible mushroom cultivation, breeding of saprophagous resource insects, livestock and poultry breeding, and crop planting.

[0015] The present invention can efficiently recycle agricultural, forestry, and animal husbandry waste, produce green and high-quality agricultural and sideline products, and contribute to rural revitalization. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is a technical route diagram of the recycling mode of combining planting and breeding in desert forests. Detailed Embodiments

[0017] The present invention provides a recycling mode of combined forestry planting and breeding in desert forests, including: a forestry waste recycling unit, a mushroom planting unit, an insect breeding unit, a livestock and poultry breeding unit, and a crop planting unit; the forestry waste recycling unit and the crop planting unit provide raw materials for the culture medium for the mushroom planting unit; the mushroom planting unit, the livestock and poultry breeding unit, and the crop planting unit provide raw materials for the feed for the insect breeding unit; the insect breeding unit and the crop planting unit provide raw materials for the feed for the livestock and poultry breeding unit; the insect breeding unit and the livestock and poultry breeding unit provide fertilizers for the crop planting unit.

[0018] In the present invention, the forestry waste recycling unit recycles the pruning branch wastes of desert forests, and the pruning branch wastes of desert forests include the pruning branches of Caragana korshinskii and the pruning branches of Salix psammophila. The traditional pruning wastes of desert forests are mainly used as fuel for making fires, roughly processed into feed for raising cattle and sheep, and some are synthesized into inferior furniture, etc., with relatively extensive applications and low utilization rates. The wastes of desert forests are rarely directly applied in traditional agriculture and often return to the soil in the form of ash residues after making fires, cattle and sheep manure, etc. for crop growth; and some are abandoned and rot and return to the earth under the action of microorganisms in the natural environment. The present invention collects the pruning wastes centrally and then recycles them. By finely processing the wastes of desert forests and applying them to each unit, the wastes produced by each unit are recycled, and finally all are converted into agricultural and livestock products, with the utilization efficiency improved and resource waste reduced.

[0019] In the present invention, the mushroom planting unit plants edible mushrooms, and the edible mushrooms include Volvariella volvacea and Stropharia rugosoannulata; the culture medium for the edible mushrooms includes the pruning branch wastes of desert forests recycled by the forestry waste recycling unit and the crop straw wastes generated by the crop planting unit. When the pruning branch wastes of desert forests are used to prepare the culture medium for edible mushrooms, it is preferably crushed into wood chips with a particle size of less than 5 mm in a crusher. In the present invention, the mushroom planting unit produces edible mushrooms and at the same time produces mushroom bran wastes, which can be used for the insect breeding unit.

[0020] When the edible mushroom cultivated in the present invention is Stropharia rugoso-annulata, the culture substrate is 25% - 35% sawdust, 20% - 35% corncob, 25% - 40% corn straw, 3% - 7% soybean straw and 4% - 7% cow dung, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the culture substrate is adjusted to 35 - 40:1. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the corncob, corn straw and soybean straw are all crushed to a particle size of 3 - 5 mm. The preparation method of the culture substrate includes: mixing the culture substrate raw materials and then building a pile for fermentation. The width of the built pile is 1.3 - 1.7 m, the height is 0.9 - 1.2 m, and the water content of the culture substrate is adjusted to 65% - 70%; after the temperature of the material pile reaches 65 °C and lasts for 1 - 3 d, after turning the pile and waiting for the temperature to reach 65 °C again and last for 1 - 3 d, the temperature can be reduced to 30 °C for sowing edible mushrooms. The sowing of the edible mushroom is ridge cultivation. The ridge width is 80 - 100 cm, the ridge height is 30 - 35 cm. After laying the culture substrate on the ridge surface, Stropharia rugoso-annulata is inoculated. The laying thickness of the culture substrate is 10 - 12 cm, and the inoculation amount of Stropharia rugoso-annulata is 0.9 - 1.1 kg / m 2 , after inoculation, fine soil is covered. The pH of the fine soil is 6.5 - 7, and the covering thickness of the soil is 2 - 3 cm. After watering, straw is covered on the ridge surface again. The covering thickness of the straw is 2 - 3 cm. After sowing Stropharia rugoso-annulata, it enters the mycelium growth stage. The temperature is controlled at 20 - 25 °C. It is not suitable to spray water within 10 - 15 d after sowing. After fruiting, the relative humidity is maintained at 90% - 98%, and the temperature is controlled at 16 - 25 °C.

[0021] In the present invention, the insect breeding unit is for breeding saprophagous insects, and the saprophagous insects are any one or more of Protaetia brevitarsis, Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens. The feed for feeding the saprophagous insects in the present invention includes the feed prepared by fermenting the spent mushroom substrate produced by the mushroom cultivation unit, the livestock and poultry manure produced by the livestock and poultry breeding unit and the crop straw waste produced by the crop cultivation unit. In the present invention, the insect breeding unit can obtain insect bodies and insect products. The insect products include insect excrement, which refers to the mixture of insect feces, feeding residues and insect molts.

[0022] In the present invention, when breeding insects, the prepared feed is used as the oviposition substrate for adult insects, and the laying thickness of the oviposition substrate is 15 - 20 cm; when feeding insect larvae with the feed, the laying thickness of the feed is 30 - 35 cm.

[0023] In the present invention, the livestock and poultry breeding unit can breed livestock animals or poultry animals, preferably any one or more of chickens, ducks, pigs and cows. The animals bred in the livestock and poultry breeding unit can feed on the insect bodies bred in the insect breeding unit and / or the crops produced by the crop cultivation unit to promote the production of high-quality livestock products. At the same time, the livestock and poultry manure produced can provide living resources and environment for the saprophagous insects in the insect breeding unit and provide nutrients for the growth of crops in the crop cultivation unit.

[0024] In the present invention, various crops are planted in the crop planting unit. Preferably, the crops are any one or several of corn, soybeans, and wheat. The fertilizers for growing crops are derived from the vermicast of saprophagous resource insects in the insect planting unit or the livestock manure generated by the livestock and poultry breeding unit. The vermicast can be directly applied during the growth process of crops. The application method of the vermicast is basal application, and the application rate is 200 - 400 kg / mu. When the livestock manure is used in the crop planting unit, it needs to be composted before use, and the application rate is 1000 - 4000 kg / mu. The present invention does not limit the composting method of livestock manure, and any common livestock manure composting method in the art can be adopted. The crop planting unit of the present invention can provide rich agricultural products, and at the same time can produce feed to provide a nutritional source for livestock and poultry. Agricultural wastes such as straw can be used as the substrate for edible fungi or for feeding saprophagous resource insects.

[0025] In the present invention, it further includes an agricultural and sideline products processing unit, which includes processing edible fungi, livestock products, and agricultural products to increase their added value, produce green and high-quality agricultural and sideline products, and promote the transformation of economic value.

[0026] The present invention also provides the application of the recycling mode in constructing ecological agriculture.

[0027] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1 A recycling mode of combining forestry and farming in desert forests includes: a forestry waste recycling unit, a mushroom planting unit, an insect breeding unit, a livestock and poultry breeding unit, a crop planting unit, and an agricultural and sideline products processing unit. The technical route is as Figure 1 shown.

[0029] Forestry waste recycling unit: Recycling the waste branches of desert caragana after pruning.

[0030] Mushroom planting unit: Planting edible fungi. The culture medium of the edible fungi includes the waste branches of desert forests after pruning and the crop straw waste. The waste branches of desert forests after pruning are from the forestry waste recycling unit, and the crop straw waste is from the crop planting unit.

[0031] Insect breeding unit: Mixing the spent mushroom substrate generated by the mushroom planting unit, the crop straw waste generated by the crop planting unit, and the livestock manure generated by the livestock and poultry breeding unit, and then fermenting them to make feed for insects. The insects bred are saprophagous resource insects. Insect bodies and vermicast can be harvested.

[0032] Livestock and poultry breeding unit: Insect bodies and crops are processed into feed for raising animals. High-quality livestock products can be obtained, and the livestock and poultry manure produced can be used in the crop planting unit, insect breeding unit, and mushroom planting unit.

[0033] Crop planting unit: Used for planting agricultural crops. The fertilizers for planting crops come from the wormcast of saprophagous resource insects and / or livestock and poultry manure. The wormcast produced by saprophagous resource insects can be directly applied to the growth of crops, while livestock and poultry manure needs to be fermented and decomposed before it can be applied to the growth of crops. This unit can obtain rich agricultural products, provide high-quality feed for livestock and poultry, and at the same time provide substrates and nutrients for the growth of edible fungi and saprophagous resource insects. The edible fungi and saprophagous resource insects utilize agricultural waste.

[0034] Agricultural and sideline products processing unit: It includes processing edible fungi, livestock products, and agricultural products to obtain healthy and green agricultural and sideline products.

[0035] Example 2 A circular utilization model of integrated forestry planting and breeding in desert areas.

[0036] Forestry waste recycling unit: Recycle Caragana korshinskii pruning branches and crush them into wood chips with a particle size less than 5 mm in a crusher.

[0037] Mushroom planting unit: Plant Stropharia rugoso-annulata. The planting area of Stropharia rugoso-annulata is selected as a sandy loam plot with good ecological environment, high terrain, deep and fertile soil layer, loose soil, and good drainage as the planting area.

[0038] The culture medium is composed of 30% Caragana korshinskii wood chips, 30% corn cobs, 30% corn straws, 5% soybean straws, and 5% cow dung by weight percentage. Mix the culture medium raw materials, adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the culture medium to 38:1, then build a pile for fermentation. The width of the pile is 1.5 m, the height is 1.0 m, and the water content of the culture medium is adjusted to 65% - 70%; after the temperature of the material pile reaches 65 °C and lasts for 2 days, turn the pile, and after the temperature reaches 65 °C again and lasts for 2 days, the temperature can be reduced to 30 °C for sowing Stropharia rugoso-annulata.

[0039] The sowing of Stropharia rugoso-annulata is in a ridge cultivation method. The ridge width is 100 cm, the ridge height is 35 cm, and a 50 cm wide walking path is left between two ridges. After spreading 10 cm of culture substrate on the ridge surface, inoculate Stropharia rugoso-annulata, and the inoculation amount is 1 kg / m 2, after inoculation, cover with fine soil with a pH of 6.8, and the soil covering thickness is 2 - 3 cm. After watering, cover the bed surface with 2 - 3 cm of straw. After the Stropharia rugosoannulata is sown, it enters the mycelium growth stage, control the temperature at 23 °C, and maintain the relative humidity at 90% - 98% after fruiting, and control the temperature at 20 °C. When the inner membrane of the Stropharia rugosoannulata fruit body is about to rupture, it can be harvested. When harvesting, pay attention not to damage the surrounding young mushrooms. After harvesting, level the soil covering on the bed surface by hand. There are 5 flushes of fruiting in one planting cycle (6 months), and the mushroom yield per square meter is 2.5 kg. After the planting cycle ends, collect the spent mushroom substrate waste of the Stropharia rugosoannulata.

[0040] Insect breeding unit: Breed Protaetia brevitarsis. The breeding place of Protaetia brevitarsis should be selected in a well-ventilated and easily drained area.

[0041] The feed for feeding Protaetia brevitarsis is to mix the above-mentioned spent mushroom substrate waste of Stropharia rugosoannulata, corn straw and cow dung in a weight ratio of 3:1:2, add water to adjust the water content to 50% - 60%, build a pile for fermentation (the pile width is 2.0 m, the pile height is 1.5 m), turn the pile after the temperature rises above 60 °C and lasts for 7 days, and turn the pile 3 times in total to obtain the feed for Protaetia brevitarsis.

[0042] The breeding of Protaetia brevitarsis includes adult breeding, egg hatching and larval breeding. The adult breeding and egg hatching of Protaetia brevitarsis adopt the three-dimensional layer breeding method. Place breeding boxes on each layer shelf. The size of the breeding box is 51 cm × 38 cm × 32 cm. Cover the upper part of the breeding box with an insect-proof net. Put 150 adult Protaetia brevitarsis into each breeding box. The male-female ratio of adult Protaetia brevitarsis is 3:1. Feed the adult Protaetia brevitarsis with waste sugar-containing fruits, and use the feed for Protaetia brevitarsis as the egg-laying substrate for adult Protaetia brevitarsis. The thickness of the egg-laying substrate is 20 cm, the water content is 50% - 55%, and the environmental temperature is 25 °C. The adult Protaetia brevitarsis lays eggs in the egg-laying substrate and hatches into 1st instar larvae of Protaetia brevitarsis. When the 1st instar larvae of Protaetia brevitarsis grow to 2nd instar larvae, they are sorted into 2nd instar breeding boxes and prepared to be put into the insect breeding pond for breeding. The insect breeding pond for Protaetia brevitarsis is a feed pond made of 30-mesh insect-proof net with a width of 1.2 m and a depth of 45 cm. The insect breeding pond is 8 cm higher than the ground. The thickness of the feed for Protaetia brevitarsis put into each insect breeding pond is 32 cm, and the water content is 55% - 65%. When the air temperature stabilizes at 25 °C, 2nd instar larvae can be put in, and 2000 heads are put in per square meter. The larvae of Protaetia brevitarsis are fed for 60 - 70 days and enter the harvest period. In this example, on the 65th day of feeding, an 8-mesh sieve is used to separate the insects and insect excrement. The average weight of each Protaetia brevitarsis larva at the final harvest is 2 g; the average sand production of each Protaetia brevitarsis larva is 20 g.

[0043] Livestock and poultry breeding unit: Breeding chickens. The breeding equipment for the chickens is a chicken coop, which is 2m long, 1m wide and 0.8m high. A rest area, an activity area and a feeding area are arranged inside the chicken coop. The rest area is where the chickens rest and lay eggs, and is set inside the chicken house to ensure the safety and quietness of the chickens. The activity area is where the chickens move and exercise, and is set outside the chicken house to ensure the free movement and health of the chickens. The feeding area is where the feed and water source are placed, and is set near the chicken house for easy feeding management. The bottom of the chicken coop is made of wire mesh with a mesh size of 1.5 cm, 50 cm above the ground, and the ground is treated with cement hardening to facilitate the collection of chicken excrement and reduce soil pollution.

[0044] The formula of the chicken feed contains 65% corn flour, 15% soybean meal, 2% stone powder and 18% powder of Protaetia brevitarsis by weight percentage. The powder of Protaetia brevitarsis is obtained by drying and pulverizing the harvested larvae of Protaetia brevitarsis, and the powder of Protaetia brevitarsis is stored at 4°C and mixed with other raw materials to prepare feed when feeding the chickens.

[0045] The feeding of the chickens is to control the relative humidity in the chicken house at 60% - 70%, the temperature at 22 - 24°C, the lighting time at 16 hours per day, and the lighting intensity at 8 lx. 30 chickens with an average mass of 0.50 kg per chicken are placed in 3 chicken coops, and the chickens are fed with chicken feed 2 times a day, with a feeding amount of 50 g per chicken each time. After 45 days of feeding, the average weight of the chickens is 1.50 kg. It effectively promotes the weight gain of the chickens.

[0046] Crop planting unit: Planting corn. Before planting the corn, the soil is plowed, and the depth of the plowed soil is 35 cm. 300 kg / acre of vermicompost and 35 kg / acre of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen - phosphorus - potassium ratio of 15 - 15 - 15 are applied as base fertilizers. The sowing depth of the corn is 5 cm, the sowing row spacing is 60 cm, the sowing plant spacing is 30 cm, and 2 seeds are sown in each hole. 15 kg / acre of urea is top - dressed at the large trumpet - shaped ear stage, and water is applied after sowing. After the corn is harvested, the yield of the corn is counted as 558.21 kg / acre.

[0047] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is as follows: Livestock and poultry breeding unit: The formula of the chicken feed contains 79.3% corn flour, 18.3% soybean meal and 2.4% stone powder by weight percentage.

[0048] Feeding chickens by the method of this comparative example, the feeding method of the chickens is the same as that in Example 2. 30 chickens with an average mass of 0.50 kg per chicken are placed in 3 chicken coops. After 45 days of feeding, the average weight of the chickens is 1.43 kg. The weight - gain effect of the chickens is worse than that in Example 2.

[0049] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is as follows: Crop planting unit: No Potosia brevitarsis Lewis vermicompost was applied as base fertilizer during sowing.

[0050] After planting corn using the method of this comparative example, the yield was 515.76 kg / mu. Compared with Example 2, the corn yield decreased by 8.23%.

[0051] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A circular utilization model of combined planting and breeding in desert forests, characterized in that, Including: A forestry waste recycling unit, a mushroom cultivation unit, an insect breeding unit, a livestock and poultry breeding unit, and a crop cultivation unit; The forestry waste recycling unit and the crop cultivation unit provide raw materials for the culture medium for the mushroom cultivation unit; The mushroom cultivation unit, the livestock and poultry breeding unit, and the crop cultivation unit provide raw materials for the feed for the insect breeding unit; The insect breeding unit and the crop cultivation unit provide raw materials for the feed for the livestock and poultry breeding unit; The insect breeding unit and the livestock and poultry breeding unit provide fertilizers for the crop cultivation unit.

2. The recycling pattern according to claim 1, wherein The forestry waste recycling unit recycles the pruned branch wastes of desert forests.

3. The recycling pattern according to claim 2, wherein The pruned branch wastes of desert forests include pruned branches of Caragana korshinskii and pruned branches of Salix psammophila.

4. The recycling pattern according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mushroom cultivation unit is for cultivating edible mushrooms, and the edible mushrooms include straw mushrooms and Stropharia rugosoannulata.

5. The recycling pattern according to claim 1, wherein The insect breeding unit is for breeding saprophagous insects, and the saprophagous insects are any one or several of Protaetia brevitarsis, Tenebrio molitor, and Hermetia illucens.

6. The recycling pattern according to claim 1, characterized in that, The livestock and poultry breeding unit is for breeding any one or several of chickens, ducks, pigs, and cows.

7. The recycling pattern according to claim 1, wherein The crops in the crop cultivation unit are any one or several of corn, soybeans, and wheat.

8. The recycling pattern according to claim 1, wherein The fertilizer provided by the livestock and poultry breeding unit for the crop cultivation unit is using livestock and poultry manure as fertilizer, and the livestock and poultry manure needs to be composted before use.

9. The recycling pattern according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an agricultural and sideline products processing unit.

10. Application of the recycling mode according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in constructing ecological agriculture.

Images