Soybean yield-increasing compound regulator and soybean yield-increasing chemical control method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop yield increase, and discloses a soybean yield-increasing compound regulator and a soybean yield-increasing chemical control method.The basic effective components of the compound regulator comprise prohexadione calcium and forchlorfenuron, and the yield-increasing chemical control method comprises the step that an aqueous solution of the compound regulator is sprayed at the branching stage and the final stage of full bloom of soybeans respectively, the dosage of the compound regulator is 10 g / mu in the soybean branching period and 20 g / mu in the final stage of soybean blooming. According to the chemical control method for increasing the yield of the soybeans, provided by the invention, different types of growth regulators (prohexadione calcium, forchlorfenuron, triacontanol and 24-epibrassinolide) are compounded to form a compound agent, and the compound agent is sprayed on leaf surfaces in key periods (a branching period and a final stage of full bloom) of the soybeans, so that vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the soybeans are comprehensively promoted and regulated; the stress resistance of the soybeans is enhanced, the lodging risk of the soybeans is reduced, a better flower and pod protection effect is achieved, and the yield of the soybeans is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop yield increase, and particularly relates to a compound regulator for increasing soybean yield and a method for chemical control of soybean yield increase. Background Art

[0002] Soybean (Glycine max) is rich in high-quality protein, fat and unsaturated fatty acids, and has extremely high nutritional and utilization value. It belongs to an important crop that can be used as food, oil and feed. In recent years, with the rapid development of the oil and food processing industries, the demand for soybean yield and quality has been increasing day by day, and the contradiction between supply and demand has become a prominent problem in domestic soybean production.

[0003] Chemical regulation technology refers to the technology of using plant growth regulators to purposefully affect the endogenous hormone system of crops, thereby regulating growth and development, and enabling crops to develop and change in the direction expected by people. It can play a positive role in overcoming environmental and genetic limitations, improving quality and increasing yield. Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) is a new type of plant growth retardant of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid type, which has the functions of promoting lateral bud growth, regulating flowering period and increasing fruit setting rate. Studies have found that spraying Pro-Ca on the soybean leaf surface can effectively stabilize the soybean root system, promote biomass accumulation, accelerate the biosynthesis of soluble substances, maintain the root osmotic pressure, and achieve the effect of controlling excessive growth and increasing yield.

[0004] In recent years, numerous studies have shown that the effect of compounding and mixing multiple regulators during the growth period of crops is higher than that of single-agent application. Therefore, the present invention aims to study a compound regulator that can further increase soybean yield and its application method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a compound regulator for increasing soybean yield and a method for chemical control of soybean yield increase, aiming to provide technical support for high-yield cultivation of soybeans and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the soybean industry in China.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

[0007] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a compound regulator for increasing soybean yield (Regulator Ⅰ), and the active ingredients of the compound regulator include prohexadione-calcium and forchlorfenuron. Further, the mass percentage content of the active ingredients of the compound regulator is 5%, wherein the mass percentage content of prohexadione-calcium is 4.99%, and the mass percentage content of forchlorfenuron is 0.01%.

[0008] Second aspect, the present invention also provides a compound regulator for increasing soybean yield (Regulator Ⅱ), and the active ingredients of the compound regulator include calcium cyclamate, forchlorfenuron, and triacontanol. Further, the mass percentage content of the active ingredients of the compound regulator is 5%, wherein the mass percentage content of calcium cyclamate is 4.94%, the mass percentage content of forchlorfenuron is 0.01%, and the mass percentage content of triacontanol is 0.05%.

[0009] Third aspect, the present invention also provides a compound regulator for increasing soybean yield (Regulator Ⅲ), and the active ingredients of the compound regulator include calcium cyclamate, forchlorfenuron, and 24-epibrassinolide. Further, the mass percentage content of the active ingredients of the compound regulator is 5%, wherein the mass percentage content of calcium cyclamate is 4.985%, the mass percentage content of forchlorfenuron is 0.01%, and the mass percentage content of 24-epibrassinolide is 0.005%.

[0010] Fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method for chemical control of increasing soybean yield, which is to spray an aqueous solution of the above compound regulator (Regulator Ⅰ) at the branching stage and the late full-bloom stage of soybeans respectively. The dosage of the compound regulator (Regulator Ⅰ) is 10 g / mu at the branching stage of soybeans and 20 g / mu at the late full-bloom stage of soybeans.

[0011] Fifth aspect, the present invention also provides a method for chemical control of increasing soybean yield, which is to spray an aqueous solution of the above compound regulator (Regulator Ⅱ) at the branching stage of soybeans and spray an aqueous solution of the above compound regulator (Regulator Ⅲ) at the late full-bloom stage of soybeans. The dosage of the compound regulator is 10 g / mu at the branching stage of soybeans and 20 g / mu at the late full-bloom stage of soybeans.

[0012] Further, in the above technical solution of the method for chemical control of increasing soybean yield, the aqueous solution of the compound regulator is sprayed by a drone, and the water addition amount for preparing the aqueous solution of the compound regulator is 2 - 3 L / mu.

[0013] Further, in the above technical solution of the method for chemical control of increasing soybean yield, the aqueous solution of the compound regulator is sprayed manually, and the water addition amount for preparing the aqueous solution of the compound regulator is 30 - 40 kg / mu.

[0014] Soybean flowers and pods are the basis for soybean yield formation. Generally, a single soybean plant can produce 100 - 200 flowers, but in actual production, the number of pods per single soybean plant is very small. The excessive growth of soybean seedlings during the seedling stage, which hinders reproductive growth due to vegetative growth, is a major cause of flower and pod abscission in soybeans. In response to the excessive growth of soybean seedlings during the seedling stage, the present invention adopts a chemical control technology to promote the transformation of soybeans from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Since the traditional single - application chemical control technology of the growth - regulating agent has limited effects on flower and pod protection and yield increase, the present invention selects different plant growth regulators (forchlorfenuron, triacontanol, 24 - epi - brassinolide) and the growth - regulating agent prohexadione - calcium for compounding to form a compound agent, and then adopts a technical scheme of chemical control during the key growth periods of soybeans (slight control during the branching stage and heavy control at the end of the full - bloom stage), achieving a better effect of protecting flowers and pods. Compared with the traditional single - application growth - regulating technology, the yield of soybeans is further increased. In the technical scheme of the present invention, prohexadione - calcium has the functions of promoting lateral bud growth, regulating the flowering period, and increasing the fruit - setting rate. It interferes with the synthesis of gibberellic acid in soybeans, inhibits the activities of GA19 and GA20, blocks the synthesis of GA1, while increasing the activity of GA4, and can increase the levels of abscisic acid, zeatin, and isopentenyladenosine - type cytokinins, thereby achieving the effect of inhibiting the upper vegetative growth of plants and promoting the reproductive growth of plants. The prohexadione - calcium in the present invention can increase the photosynthesis of the bottom leaves when slightly controlled during the branching stage of soybeans, and can promote the transfer of soybean vegetative growth to reproductive growth when heavily controlled at the end of the full - bloom stage; forchlorfenuron belongs to the cytokinin - like compounds, which can stimulate the division and proliferation of soybean cells, thus promoting the growth of plants. It can also promote the expansion of cells, making organs such as soybean leaves, stems, and pods larger; it can also promote the development of soybean roots, increase the absorption area of roots, and improve the absorption capacity of water and nutrients; it can also promote the transport of nutrients in the plant body to ensure that nutrients can be effectively distributed to each growth part; the forchlorfenuron in the present invention can promote the rapid differentiation of flower buds when used during the branching stage and can promote cell division when used at the end of the full - bloom stage. In addition, triacontanol is a natural plant growth regulator, which has the functions of increasing chlorophyll content and leaf area. The use of triacontanol during the branching stage of soybeans in the present invention can promote the growth of soybean leaves, increase the chlorophyll content in the leaves, enhance photosynthesis, and enable more carbohydrates to be synthesized and transported to the flowers and pods; triacontanol can also stimulate the growth of soybean roots, increase the length and branches of roots, thereby enhancing the absorption capacity of water and nutrients; 24 - epi - brassinolide is a broad - spectrum and highly efficient plant growth regulator, which can increase chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration, thereby enhancing photosynthesis and enabling more carbohydrates to be synthesized and transported to the flowers and pods. At the same time, 24 - epi - brassinolide can also stimulate the activities of various enzymes in soybeans and enhance the strength of cells.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The chemical control method for increasing soybean yield provided by the present invention forms a compound agent by compounding different types of plant growth regulators (calcium cyclamate, forchlorfenuron, triacontanol, 24-epibrassinolide), and sprays it on the leaves of soybeans at the critical growth stages (branching stage and late full-bloom stage). It comprehensively promotes and regulates the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of soybeans, enhances the stress resistance of soybeans, reduces the lodging risk of soybeans, achieves a better effect of protecting flowers and pods, and increases the yield of soybeans. At the same time, a compound regulator for increasing soybean yield provided by the present invention can be prepared by using commercially available products, is simple to prepare and convenient to use. Its active ingredient calcium cyclamate only inhibits the growth of soybean stems and leaves, has no effect on the growth and development of soybean flowers, pods and grains. At the same time, the content of the active ingredient of the compound regulator of the present invention is 5wt%, which can minimize the residue of the medicament and reduce the adverse effects on the next crop while ensuring the effect of the active ingredient. Detailed implementation mode

[0017] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It can be understood that the following embodiments are only illustrative descriptions of the present invention and should not be regarded as all of the present invention or as limitations or restrictions on the technical solutions of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the medicaments used in the following embodiments can be obtained through conventional commercial channels.

[0018] Example 1. Compound plant growth regulator

[0019] Using various plant growth regulators shown in Table 1, different types of compound plant growth regulators are prepared according to the following compositions.

[0020] Table 1. Basic information table of plant growth regulators

[0021] Regulator Number Product Name Active Ingredient Active Ingredient Content Dosage Form Manufacturer 1# Guoguang Photodynamic Regulator Prohexadione Calcium 5wt% Suspension Concentrate Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd. 2# Guoguang Fruit Expectation Forchlorfenuron 0.1wt% Soluble Concentrate Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd. 3# Guoguang Youfeng Triacontanol 0.1wt% Microemulsion Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd. 4# Guoguang Yunmeitai 24-Epibrassinolide 0.01wt% Soluble Concentrate Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd.

[0022] Prepare Compound Agent I (4.99% calcium cyclamate + 0.01% forchlorfenuron): Dilute the active ingredient content of the 1# regulator with water to 4.99wt% and the active ingredient content of the 2# regulator with water to 0.01%, and then mix the two in equal volumes to obtain Compound Agent I.

[0023] Prepare Compound Agent II (4.94% calcium cyclamate + 0.01% forchlorfenuron + 0.05% triacontanol): Dilute the active ingredient content of the 1# regulator with water to 4.94wt%, the active ingredient content of the 2# regulator with water to 0.01%, and the active ingredient content of the 3# regulator with water to 0.05%, and then mix the three in equal volumes to obtain Compound Agent II.

[0024] Preparation of Compound Agent Ⅲ (4.985% prohexadione-calcium + 0.01% forchlorfenuron + 0.005% 24-epibrassinolide): After diluting the active ingredient content of Dilution 1# regulator to 4.985 wt%, Dilution 2# regulator to 0.01 wt%, and Dilution 4# regulator to 0.005 wt% with clear water, the three were mixed in equal volume to obtain Compound Agent Ⅲ.

[0025] Preparation of Compound Agent Ⅴ (4.99% prohexadione-calcium + 0.01% triacontanol): After diluting the active ingredient content of Dilution 1# regulator to 4.99 wt% and Dilution 3# regulator to 0.01 wt% with clear water, the two were mixed in equal volume to obtain Compound Agent Ⅴ.

[0026] Preparation of Compound Agent Ⅵ (4.99% prohexadione-calcium + 0.01% 24-epibrassinolide): After diluting the active ingredient content of Dilution 1# regulator to 4.99 wt% with clear water, it was mixed in equal volume with Dilution 4# regulator to obtain Compound Agent Ⅵ.

[0027] Example 2. Comparison of the effects of different regulators on soybean growth

[0028] The growth process of soybeans is divided into 6 growth stages, namely: seed germination stage, seedling stage, branching stage, flowering stage, pod-setting and pod-filling stage, and maturity stage. Among them, the seedling stage, branching stage and flowering stage are of great significance for high yield of soybeans. In this example, the following experimental design was carried out to clarify the regulation effect of the application schemes of different regulators on soybean yield increase.

[0029] Experimental design:

[0030] The following experiment was carried out in the experimental base of the applicant of the present invention in Sichuan (the soybean variety planted is Gongxiadou 18). The experiment adopted a randomized block design with 3 replicates. The experimental method was to spray different regulators (drone aerial spraying, the water dilution amount of the regulator was 2 L / mu) at the key growth stages of soybeans (seedling stage, branching stage, flowering stage), and spraying the same amount of clear water was used as a control. The corresponding spraying agents, dosages and spraying times are shown in Table 2 below.

[0031] The experimental measurement indexes and methods are as follows:

[0032] (1) Plant height (cm): At maturity, 10 plants were sampled, and the main stem height of soybeans was measured with a ruler, and the height from the cotyledon node to the top of the plant (excluding the top inflorescence), and the average value was calculated.

[0033] (2) Pod-setting height (cm): At maturity, 10 plants were sampled, and the height from the cotyledon node to the lowest pod was measured, and the average value was calculated.

[0034] (3) Number of effective branches per plant: At maturity, 10 plants were sampled, the number of effective branches was counted, and the average value was taken. An effective branch refers to a branch with more than one effective pod.

[0035] (4) Number of effective pods per plant: At maturity, 10 plants were sampled, the number of effective pods was counted, and the average value was taken. The number of effective pods refers to the number of pods containing more than one plump seed.

[0036] (5) Number of grains per plant: At maturity, 10 plants were sampled, and the number of formed grains was counted (including all immature grains, insect-eaten grains, and diseased grains except unformed grains), and the average value was taken.

[0037] (6) 100-seed weight (g): Randomly weigh 100 commercial fruits from each treatment group, repeat 3 times, and the average value of the two values closest to the weight is the 100-seed weight.

[0038] (7) Theoretical yield (kg): Theoretical yield = number of plants per mu × number of effective pods per plant × number of grains per pod × (100-seed weight / 100) / 1000.

[0039] (8) The lodging investigation grading standard is as follows:

[0040] Grade 0: No lodging; Grade 1: Lodging inclination less than 15 degrees; Grade 3: Lodging inclination between 15 - 45 degrees; Grade 5: Lodging inclination greater than 45 degrees.

[0041]

[0042] Table 2. Application schemes of different chemical control compound agents

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] The measurement results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0046] Table 3. Application results of different chemical control compound agent schemes

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] Note: The theoretical yield is calculated based on harvesting 10,000 plants per mu; the yield increase rates of treatment groups 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 12 / 13 / 14 / 15 are calculated based on the yield of treatment group 1, the yield increase rate of treatment group 6 is calculated based on the yield of treatment group 7, the yield increase rate of treatment group 8 is calculated based on the yield of treatment group 9, the yield increase rate of treatment group 10 is calculated based on the yield of treatment group 11, the yield increase rate of treatment group 14 is calculated based on the yield of treatment group 15, and the yield increase rate of treatment group 16 is calculated based on the yield of treatment group 17.

[0050] As can be seen from the data in Table 3 above, the yield increase effects of spraying Compound Agent I at the branching stage and the late full-bloom stage of soybeans (treatment groups 1 / 2) are significantly better than those of spraying at other key growth stages of soybeans (treatment groups 6 / 7, treatment groups 8 / 9, treatment groups 10 / 11) and single spraying (treatment groups 14 / 15, treatment groups 16 / 17). Moreover, the active ingredients of the compound agent provided by the present invention (the compound of calcium cyclanilide and forchlorfenuron) have a significantly better effect on increasing the yield of soybeans than single spraying of calcium cyclanilide (treatment group 13) and the compounding of calcium cyclanilide with other regulators (treatment groups 3, treatment group 4). At the same time, the yield increase effect of the technical solution of micro-control at the branching stage and heavy control at the late full-bloom stage of the present invention (treatment group 2) is also significantly better than that of the technical solution of micro-control at both the branching stage and the late full-bloom stage (treatment group 5).

[0051] In summary, the regulator obtained by compounding calcium cyclanilide and forchlorfenuron provided by the present invention can reduce the plant height and pod height of soybeans and increase the number of branches and pods after spraying at the branching stage and the late full-bloom stage of soybeans respectively, thereby significantly increasing the yield and greatly improving the yield increase rate.

[0052] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent transformation made using the content of the specification of the present invention, directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be similarly included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soybean yield-increasing compound regulator, characterized in that: The active ingredients of the compound regulator include prohexadione calcium and chlorfenapyr.

2. A soybean yield-increasing compound regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass percentage of the effective components of the composite regulator is 5%, wherein the mass percentage of prohexadione calcium is 4.99%, and the mass percentage of chlorfenapyr is 0.01%.

3. A soybean yield-increasing compound regulator, characterized in that: The active ingredients of the compound regulator include prohexadione calcium, chlorfenapyr and triacontanol.

4. A soybean yield-increasing compound regulator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mass percentage of the effective ingredients of the composite regulator is 5%, wherein the mass percentage of prohexadione calcium is 4.94%, the mass percentage of forchlorfenuron is 0.01%, and the mass percentage of triacontanol is 0.05%.

5. A soybean yield-increasing compound regulator, characterized in that: The active ingredients of the compound regulator include prohexadione calcium, chlorfenapyr and 24-epicassinolide.

6. A soybean yield-increasing compound regulator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass percentage of the effective components of the composite regulator is 5%, wherein the mass percentage of prohexadione calcium is 4.985%, the mass percentage of forchlorfenuron is 0.01%, and the mass percentage of 24-epi-brassinolide is 0.005%.

7. A soybean yield-increasing chemical control method, characterized in that: The aqueous solution of the compound regulator according to claim 1 or 2 is sprayed respectively at the branching stage and the late flowering stage of soybeans, and the dosage of the compound regulator is 10g / mu at the branching stage of soybeans and 20g / mu at the late flowering stage of soybeans.

8. A soybean yield-increasing chemical control method, characterized in that: Spray the aqueous solution of the compound regulator described in claim 3 or 4 during the branching stage of soybeans, and spray the aqueous solution of the compound regulator described in claim 5 or 6 during the late flowering stage of soybeans. The dosage of the compound regulator is 10g / mu during the branching stage of soybeans and 20g / mu during the late flowering stage of soybeans.

9. A soybean yield increasing and chemical control method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The aqueous solution of the compound regulator is sprayed by a drone, and the amount of water added to prepare the aqueous solution of the compound regulator is 2-3 L / mu.

10. A soybean yield-increasing chemical control method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The aqueous solution of the compound regulator is sprayed manually, and the amount of water added to prepare the aqueous solution of the compound regulator is 30-40 kg / mu.

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