Soil surveying and sampling device and method based on historical and cultural building protection

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil exploration, particularly relates to a soil exploration sampling device and method based on historical and cultural building protection, and aims to solve the problem of low efficiency caused by repeated drilling according to different sampling depths in exploration, the following scheme is provided: the device comprises a ground frame, and the upper side of the ground frame is fixedly connected with a sampling frame; a gravity drilling module is arranged above the ground frame, a bottom table is arranged at the lower end of the sampling frame, the bottom table is located on the upper side of the ground frame and fixedly connected with the ground frame, and a drilling outer protection assembly is arranged on the bottom table. According to the soil surveying and sampling device and method based on historical and cultural building protection, the gravity drilling module performs surveying and drilling operation through the gravity of the gravity drilling module, the drilling outer protection assembly can protect and support an external soil layer of a surveying hole, the sampling module can inversely contain the soil layer in the surveying hole, soil sampling is facilitated, and the sampling efficiency is improved. The repeated drilling operation is avoided, and the surveying and sampling efficiency is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil exploration, and particularly to a soil exploration sampling device and method based on the protection of historical and cultural buildings. Background Art

[0002] Ancient Chinese architecture has a long historical tradition and glorious achievements, and is an important object of art appreciation; in order to improve the protection of ancient buildings, it is necessary for personnel to regularly explore and sample the building soil layer, so as to detect the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil layer.

[0003] The conventional method of soil exploration sampling is to use a drill rod to drill holes in a specific area, and then conduct soil sampling at different drilling depths. This method requires repeated drilling according to different sampling depths, and the overall efficiency of exploration is not high. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention discloses a soil exploration sampling device and method based on the protection of historical and cultural buildings, aiming to solve the technical problem that the exploration in the background art requires repeated drilling according to different sampling depths, resulting in low efficiency.

[0005] The soil exploration sampling device based on the protection of historical and cultural buildings proposed by the present invention includes a ground frame, a sampling frame is fixedly connected to the upper side of the ground frame, and a gravity drilling module is arranged above the ground frame. A bottom platform is arranged at the lower end of the sampling frame, the bottom platform is fixedly connected to the upper side of the ground frame, and a drilling outer protection component is arranged on the bottom platform. A sampling cylinder is arranged above the ground frame, and a sampling module is arranged beside the sampling cylinder; The gravity drilling module includes a motor frame and a drilling rod, the motor frame is located directly above the sampling cylinder, and the drilling rod is located inside the sampling cylinder; The drilling outer protection component includes a falling cylinder and a protection seat, the falling cylinder is located directly below the sampling cylinder, and the protection seat is fixedly connected to the lower end of the falling cylinder; The sampling module includes a deflection seat, a fixed half cylinder and a movable half cylinder. The deflection seat is arranged above the ground frame, the fixed half cylinder is fixedly connected above the deflection seat, and the movable half cylinder is arranged beside the fixed half cylinder.

[0006] By providing a gravity drilling module, a drilling outer protection component and a sampling module, the gravity drilling module uses its own gravity to conduct exploration drilling operations. The drilling outer protection component can protect and support the external soil layer of the exploration hole, and the sampling module can invert and hold the soil layer in the exploration hole, facilitating soil sampling, avoiding repeated drilling operations, and effectively improving the exploration sampling efficiency.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the gravity earth drilling module further includes a weight seat. A spiral blade is provided on the outer side of the earth drilling rod. The upper end of the earth drilling rod is movably connected to the motor frame. The lower end of the earth drilling rod is fixedly connected to a drill bit. A earth drilling motor is fixedly connected to the upper side of the motor frame. The output end of the earth drilling motor is connected to the earth drilling rod through a coupling. The weight seat is located beside the sampling frame. A receiving platform is fixedly connected to the side of the weight seat close to the sampling frame. The receiving platform is fixedly connected to the motor frame. Side attachment seats are fixedly connected to both sides of the weight seat. Slide holes are provided on the side attachment seats. A cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper side of the ground frame. The telescopic end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower side of the weight seat upward. Symmetrically arranged vertical rods are provided on both sides of the cylinder. The two vertical rods are respectively movably connected in the slide holes of the two side attachment seats.

[0008] By providing the gravity earth drilling module, the gravity earth drilling module uses the gravity of the weight seat, the motor frame and the earth drilling motor itself to apply pressure to the earth drilling rod, prompting the earth drilling rod to press down for drilling. This method can not only achieve the drilling operation required for exploration, but also protect the drill bit, avoiding damage to the drill bit caused by excessive pressure when drilling through stones or hard soil layers during the drilling operation, and improving the service life of the device.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the drilling outer protection assembly further includes two support frames. The two support frames are fixedly connected to both sides of the dropping cylinder. Pressing seats are fixedly connected to the front ends of the two support frames. Two symmetric rectangular holes are provided on the base table. The two pressing seats are respectively movably connected in the two rectangular holes of the base table. Through holes are provided on both pressing seats. Fixing screw holes are provided on the two rectangular holes of the base table. Fixing bolts are inserted into the through holes of the two pressing seats. The lower end of the fixing bolt is rotationally connected to the fixing screw hole through a thread. A spring is provided between the pressing seat and the bottom of the rectangular hole of the base table. The spring is located outside the fixing bolt.

[0010] By providing the drilling outer protection assembly, the drilling outer protection assembly uses the protection seat to press down and support the exploration hole from the upper side, ensuring the degree of soil adhesion outside the exploration hole, avoiding the collapse of the soil at the top of the exploration hole caused by the force of the drill bit and the earth drilling rod during the drilling operation, and achieving the purpose of protecting the building soil layer; the pressing and supporting of the soil layer by the protection seat can be buffered by the spring, avoiding excessive pressing and causing depression of the soil layer.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, a sleeve seat is movably connected to the outside of the sampling cylinder. A fixing seat is fixedly connected to the outside of the sleeve seat. The lower end of the fixing seat is fixedly connected to the upper side of the base table. A threaded hole is provided in the sleeve seat. A locking bolt is rotationally connected to the inside of the threaded hole through an inner wall thread.

[0012] By providing the sleeve seat and the locking bolt, the sampling cylinder is fixed by the locking bolt and can be finely adjusted according to the actual position of the protection seat, facilitating the exploration and sampling operation to adapt to different working environments.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the sampling module further includes a sampling hole located on the fixed half-cylinder. A scale bar is provided beside the sampling hole and is fixedly connected to the outside of the fixed half-cylinder. A discharge hole is formed at the bottom of the deflection seat, and the upper side of the discharge hole communicates with the fixed half-cylinder and the movable half-cylinder. A bottom door is arranged on the discharge hole and is movably connected to the deflection seat. A closing and opening hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the lower side of the deflection seat, and a retaining roller is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the closing and opening hydraulic cylinder, and the retaining roller contacts the outer wall of the bottom door.

[0014] By providing a sampling module, the sampling module uses the fixed half-cylinder and the movable half-cylinder to assemble and hold the soil in the drilled hole, so that the soil layer in the exploration hole is placed upside down in the fixed half-cylinder and the movable half-cylinder, facilitating the sampling operation. At the same time, the assembly interface of the fixed half-cylinder and the movable half-cylinder is set as a sampling hole, which can perform soil sampling operations at different depths according to actual needs, avoiding repeated drilling operations, with simple operation and effectively improving the exploration and sampling efficiency.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, a connection group is provided above the sampling cylinder. The connection group includes a material taking hole and a material discharging hole, and the material taking hole communicates with the sampling cylinder, and the material discharging hole communicates with the fixed half-cylinder; a transfer group is provided above the connection group. The transfer group includes a transfer hole and a blanking hole, and the transfer hole communicates with the material taking hole, and the blanking hole communicates with the material discharging hole. An internal cavity is provided between the transfer hole and the blanking hole, and a feeding piece is arranged inside the internal cavity, and the front end of the feeding piece is located inside the transfer hole.

[0016] By providing a transfer group, the transfer group is used to transfer the soil outside the drill rod into the fixed half-cylinder and the movable half-cylinder, and realizes the transfer by using the transfer hole, the blanking hole and the internal cavity, and is assisted by the feeding piece, effectively realizing the soil transfer operation.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, a mounting seat is provided on one side of the deflection seat away from the fixed half-cylinder, and the deflection seat is movably connected to the mounting seat. A sampling hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper side of the mounting seat, and the telescopic end of the sampling hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the outside of the movable half-cylinder. A deflection gear is fixedly connected to the outside of the deflection seat, and a deflection motor is fixedly connected to the mounting seat. The output end of the deflection motor is connected to a short shaft through a coupling, and a driving gear is fixedly connected to the other end of the short shaft. The driving gear meshes with the deflection gear through a tooth groove; a track seat is fixedly connected to the ground frame, and a shifting frame is movably connected to the upper side of the track seat. The shifting frame is L-shaped, and the front end of the shifting frame is fixedly connected to the mounting seat. A threaded hole is formed in the lower side of the shifting frame, and a shifting motor is fixedly connected to the track seat. A right-angle speed reducer is arranged below the shifting motor, and a lead screw is fixedly connected to the output end of the right-angle speed reducer. The other end of the lead screw passes through the threaded hole in the lower side of the shifting frame and is movably connected to the track seat, and the lead screw is rotationally connected to the threaded hole of the shifting frame through an inner wall thread.

[0018] By providing a shifting frame, the mounting base can move along with the shifting frame, facilitating the sampling operation after transportation. At the same time, the mounting base deflects on the shifting frame, causing the fixed half-cylinder and the movable half-cylinder to deflect forward, which can improve the smoothness of soil discharge in the fixed half-cylinder and the movable half-cylinder.

[0019] A soil survey and sampling method for the protection of historical and cultural buildings, using the soil survey and sampling device for the protection of historical and cultural buildings as described above, includes the following steps: Step 1: Move the device to the survey area. After determining the position of the survey hole, use the drilling outer protection component to assist in supporting the outside of the survey hole. Step 2: Adjust the height of the sampling cylinder and start the gravity drilling module to conduct drilling surveys. Step 3: After the drilling survey is completed, adjust the position of the mounting base and use the sampling module to sample the soil at multiple depths.

[0020] As can be seen from the above, the soil survey and sampling device for the protection of historical and cultural buildings provided by the present invention has a gravity drilling module that uses its own gravity to conduct survey drilling operations. The drilling outer protection component can protect and support the outside soil layer of the survey hole. The sampling module can invert and hold the soil layer in the survey hole, facilitating soil sampling, avoiding repeated drilling operations, and effectively improving the survey and sampling efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the soil survey and sampling device for the protection of historical and cultural buildings proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic side view structure diagram of the soil survey and sampling device for the protection of historical and cultural buildings proposed by the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the gravity drilling module structure of the soil survey and sampling device for the protection of historical and cultural buildings proposed by the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure at the bottom platform position of the soil survey and sampling device for the protection of historical and cultural buildings proposed by the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drilling outer protection component of the soil survey and sampling device for the protection of historical and cultural buildings proposed by the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mounting base and the deflection base of the soil survey and sampling device for the protection of historical and cultural buildings proposed by the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connection group and the transfer group of the soil survey and sampling device for the protection of historical and cultural buildings proposed by the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the sampling module structure of the soil survey sampling device for historical and cultural building protection proposed by the present invention; Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the mounting base structure of the soil survey sampling device for historical and cultural building protection proposed by the present invention; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the rail base structure of the soil survey sampling device for historical and cultural building protection proposed by the present invention.

[0022] In the figure: 1, ground frame; 2, sampling frame; 3, gravity drilling module; 301, motor frame; 302, drilling rod; 303, weighting seat; 304, drill bit; 305, drilling motor; 306, receiving table; 307, side attachment seat; 308, vertical rod; 309, cylinder; 4, bottom table; 5, drilling outer protection component; 501, dropping cylinder; 502, protection seat; 503, support frame; 504, pressing seat; 505, fixing bolt; 506, fixing screw hole; 507, spring; 6, sampling cylinder; 7, sampling module; 701, deflection seat; 702, fixed half cylinder; 703, movable half cylinder; 704, sampling hole; 705, scale bar; 706, discharge hole; 707, bottom door; 708, opening and closing hydraulic cylinder; 709, retaining roller; 8, socket; 9, locking bolt; 10, fixing seat; 11, connecting group; 1101, material taking hole; 1102, blanking hole; 12, transfer group; 1201, transfer hole; 1202, falling hole; 1203, inner sliding cavity; 1204, feeding piece; 13, mounting base; 14, sampling hydraulic cylinder; 15, deflection gear; 16, deflection motor; 17, driving gear; 18, rail base; 19, shifting frame; 20, shifting motor; 21, right-angle reducer; 22, lead screw. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0024] The soil survey sampling device for historical and cultural building protection disclosed by the present invention is mainly applied to scenarios where repeated drilling is required according to different sampling depths during the survey, resulting in low efficiency.

[0025] Referring to Figures 1-10 , the soil survey sampling device for historical and cultural building protection includes a ground frame 1. The upper side of the ground frame 1 is connected to a sampling frame 2 by bolts, and a gravity drilling module 3 is arranged above the ground frame 1. The lower end of the sampling frame 2 is provided with a bottom table 4. The bottom table 4 is connected to the upper side of the ground frame 1 by bolts, and a drilling outer protection component 5 is arranged on the bottom table 4. A sampling cylinder 6 is arranged above the ground frame 1, and a sampling module 7 is arranged beside the sampling cylinder 6; The gravity earth-boring module 3 includes a motor frame 301 and an earth-boring rod 302, and the motor frame 301 is located directly above the sampling cylinder 6, and the earth-boring rod 302 is located inside the sampling cylinder 6; The outer protection component 5 for drilling holes includes a dropping cylinder 501 and a protection seat 502, and the dropping cylinder 501 is located directly below the sampling cylinder 6, and the protection seat 502 is connected to the lower end of the dropping cylinder 501 by bolts; The sampling module 7 includes a deflection seat 701, a fixed half cylinder 702 and a movable half cylinder 703, and the deflection seat 701 is located above the ground frame 1, the fixed half cylinder 702 is connected above the deflection seat 701 by bolts, and the movable half cylinder 703 is located beside the fixed half cylinder 702.

[0026] Specifically, the gravity earth-boring module 3 uses its own gravity to conduct exploration drilling operations. The outer protection component 5 for drilling holes can protect and support the external soil layer of the exploration hole. The sampling module 7 can invert and hold the soil layer in the exploration hole, facilitating soil sampling, avoiding repeated drilling operations, and effectively improving the exploration and sampling efficiency.

[0027] Refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 In a preferred embodiment, the gravity earth-boring module 3 further includes a weight seat 303. A spiral blade is arranged outside the earth-boring rod 302. The upper end of the earth-boring rod 302 is rotatably connected to the motor frame 301 through a bearing. A drill bit 304 is connected to the lower end of the earth-boring rod 302 by bolts. A drilling motor 305 is connected to the upper side of the motor frame 301 by bolts. The output end of the drilling motor 305 is connected to the earth-boring rod 302 through a coupling. The weight seat 303 is located beside the sampling frame 2. A receiving platform 306 is connected to the side of the weight seat 303 close to the sampling frame 2 by bolts. The receiving platform 306 is connected to the motor frame 301 by bolts. Side attachment seats 307 are connected to both sides of the weight seat 303 by bolts. Slide holes are provided on the side attachment seats 307. A cylinder 309 is connected to the upper side of the ground frame 1 by bolts. The telescopic end of the cylinder 309 extends upward and is connected to the lower side of the weight seat 303 by bolts. Symmetric vertical rods 308 are arranged on both sides of the cylinder 309. The two vertical rods 308 are respectively slidably connected in the slide holes of the two side attachment seats 307.

[0028] Specifically, during borehole exploration: Open the upper and lower valves of the cylinder 309. The inside of the cylinder 309 is in communication with the atmosphere. Under the action of the gravity of the weight seat 303 and the motor frame 301, the gravity frame moves downward, and the drill bit 304 inserts into the exploration hole. The drilling motor 305 is started to drive the earth-boring rod 302 to rotate, and the drill bit 304 and the earth-boring rod 302 conduct exploration drilling operations. The spiral blade outside the earth-boring rod 302 continuously conveys the soil drilled from the hole upward; After the drilling and soil sampling are completed, start the cylinder 309 to extend to drive the motor frame 301 and the earth-boring rod 302 to rise and reset; In a specific application scenario, the gravity earth drilling module 3 is applicable to the drilling operation link. That is, the gravity earth drilling module 3 applies pressure to the earth drilling rod 302 by using the gravity of the weight seat 303, the motor frame 301 and the earth drilling motor 305 itself, so as to urge the earth drilling rod 302 to press down for drilling. This method can not only achieve the drilling operation required for surveying, but also play a protective role for the drill bit 304, avoiding damage to the drill bit 304 caused by excessive pressure when drilling encounters stones or hard soil layers during the drilling operation, and improving the service life of the device.

[0029] Refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown in FIGS. and, in a preferred embodiment, the drilling outer protection assembly 5 further includes two support frames 503. The two support frames 503 are located on both sides of the dropping cylinder 501 and are connected by bolts. The front ends of the two support frames 503 are both connected with a pressure seat 504 by bolts. Moreover, two symmetrical rectangular holes are opened on the base table 4. The two pressure seats 504 are respectively slidably connected in the two rectangular holes of the base table 4. Through holes are opened on both of the two pressure seats 504, and fixing screw holes 506 are opened on the two rectangular holes of the base table 4. Fixing bolts 505 are inserted into the through holes of the two pressure seats 504, and the lower ends of the fixing bolts 505 are rotationally connected with the fixing screw holes 506 by threads. A spring 507 is arranged between the bottom of the rectangular hole of the pressure seat 504 and the base table 4, and the spring 507 is located outside the fixing bolt 505.

[0030] Specifically, after the survey hole is determined, adjust the position of the device so that the protection seat 502 is placed above the survey hole, and the dropping cylinder 501 is communicated with the survey hole. Then, turn the fixing bolt 505 to make it enter the fixing screw hole 506, and the dropping cylinder 501 and the protection seat 502 press down, and the spring 507 is compressed to generate elastic deformation. In a specific application scenario, the drilling outer protection assembly 5 is applicable to the protection and support link of the survey hole before the drilling operation. That is, the drilling outer protection assembly 5 presses and supports the survey hole from the upper side by using the protection seat 502, ensuring the soil fitting degree outside the survey hole, and avoiding the situation that the soil at the top of the survey hole collapses due to the force applied by the drill bit 304 and the earth drilling rod 302 during the drilling operation, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting the building soil layer; the downward pressure support of the protection seat 502 on the soil layer can be buffered by the spring 507 to avoid excessive pressing causing the soil layer to sink.

[0031] Refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown in FIGS. and, in a preferred embodiment, a sleeve seat 8 is slidably connected to the outside of the sampling cylinder 6. A fixing seat 10 is connected to the outside of the sleeve seat 8 by bolts. The lower end of the fixing seat 10 is connected to the upper side of the base table 4 by bolts. Moreover, a threaded hole is opened on the sleeve seat 8, and a locking bolt 9 is rotationally connected to the inside of the threaded hole through the inner wall thread.

[0032] Specifically, for the position adjustment of the sampling cylinder 6: After the protective seat 502 is pressed down and supported, loosen the locking bolt 9. The sampling cylinder 6 moves downward under its own gravity until the lower end contacts the upper end of the dropping cylinder 501, and then tighten the locking bolt 9 to fix the sampling cylinder 6. The sampling cylinder 6 is fixed by using the locking bolt 9, and can be finely adjusted according to the actual position of the protective seat 502, which is convenient for the survey sampling operation in different working environments.

[0033] Referring to Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 , in a preferred embodiment, the sampling module 7 further includes a sampling hole 704. The sampling hole 704 is located on the fixed half-cylinder 702. A scale bar 705 is arranged beside the sampling hole 704. The scale bar 705 is connected to the outside of the fixed half-cylinder 702 by bolts. And a discharge hole 706 is opened at the bottom of the deflection seat 701. The upper side of the discharge hole 706 is communicated with the fixed half-cylinder 702 and the movable half-cylinder 703. A bottom door 707 is arranged on the discharge hole 706. The bottom door 707 is rotatably connected to the deflection seat 701 through a bearing. A closing and opening hydraulic cylinder 708 is connected to the lower side of the deflection seat 701 by bolts. The telescopic end of the closing and opening hydraulic cylinder 708 is connected to a retaining roller 709 by bolts. The retaining roller 709 contacts the outer wall of the bottom door 707.

[0034] Specifically, the soil for drilling survey will be transferred into the fixed half-cylinder 702 and the movable half-cylinder 703. The diameter of the fixed half-cylinder 702 and the movable half-cylinder 703 after assembly is the same as the diameter of the sampling cylinder 6. Therefore, the soil in the fixed half-cylinder 702 and the movable half-cylinder 703 is the inverted state of the soil layer in the survey hole. During sampling, the deflection seat 701 moves away from the sampling cylinder 6, and then deflects to make the fixed half-cylinder 702 and the movable half-cylinder 703 tilt forward. The movable half-cylinder 703 moves away from the fixed half-cylinder 702, and the sampling hole 704 appears. The soil sampling of the sampling hole 704 at different depths is carried out by comparing with the scale bar 705. After the sampling is completed, the closing and opening hydraulic cylinder 708 contracts to drive the retaining roller 709 to move, and the bottom door 707 flips open, and the soil in the fixed half-cylinder 702 and the movable half-cylinder 703 is discharged. In a specific application scenario, the sampling module 7 is applicable to the sampling link of soils at different depths. That is, the sampling module 7 uses the fixed half-cylinder 702 and the movable half-cylinder 703 after assembly to hold the soil of the drill hole, so that the soil layer in the survey hole is inverted and placed in the fixed half-cylinder 702 and the movable half-cylinder 703, which is convenient for the sampling operation. At the same time, the assembly interface of the fixed half-cylinder 702 and the movable half-cylinder 703 is set as the sampling hole 704, and the soil sampling operation at different depths can be carried out according to actual needs, avoiding repeated drilling operations, with simple operation and effectively improving the survey sampling efficiency.

[0035] Referring to Figure 4 , Figure 6and Figure 7 , in a preferred embodiment, a connection group 11 is provided above the sampling cylinder 6. The connection group 11 includes a material taking hole 1101 and a material discharging hole 1102. The material taking hole 1101 is communicated with the sampling cylinder 6, and the material discharging hole 1102 is communicated with the fixed half cylinder 702. Above the connection group 11, a transfer group 12 is provided. The transfer group 12 includes a transfer hole 1201 and a blanking hole 1202. The transfer hole 1201 is communicated with the material taking hole 1101, and the blanking hole 1202 is communicated with the material discharging hole 1102. An internalization cavity is provided between the transfer hole 1201 and the blanking hole 1202. An internal sliding cavity 1203 is provided inside the internalization cavity, and a feeding piece 1204 is provided inside the internal sliding cavity 1203. The front end of the feeding piece 1204 is located inside the transfer hole 1201.

[0036] Specifically, when the earth drilling rod 302 rotates to drill a hole, the soil will move upward along the spiral blades of the earth drilling rod 302, enter the transfer hole 1201 through the sampling cylinder 6 and the material taking hole 1101. Blocked by the feeding piece 1204, the soil on the spiral blades will be scraped off and enter the internal sliding cavity 1203, and fall from the blanking hole 1202 through the material discharging hole 1102 until it falls into the fixed half cylinder 702 and the movable half cylinder 703. The transfer group 12 is used to transfer the soil outside the earth drilling rod 302 into the fixed half cylinder 702 and the movable half cylinder 703. The transfer is realized by using the transfer hole 1201, the blanking hole 1202 and the internal sliding cavity 1203, and assisted by the feeding piece 1204, effectively realizing the soil transfer operation.

[0037] Refer to Figure 6 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10, in a preferred embodiment, a mounting seat 13 is provided on the side of the deflection seat 701 away from the fixed half cylinder 702. The deflection seat 701 is rotatably connected to the mounting seat 13 through a bearing. A sampling hydraulic cylinder 14 is bolted to the upper side of the mounting seat 13. The telescopic end of the sampling hydraulic cylinder 14 is bolted to the outside of the movable half cylinder 703. And a deflection gear 15 is bolted to the outside of the deflection seat 701. A deflection motor 16 is bolted to the mounting seat 13. The output end of the deflection motor 16 is connected to a short shaft through a coupling. The other end of the short shaft is bolted to a driving gear 17. The driving gear 17 is engaged with the deflection gear 15 through a tooth groove; A rail seat 18 is bolted to the ground frame 1. A shifting frame 19 is slidably connected to the upper side of the rail seat 18. The shifting frame 19 is L-shaped. The front end of the shifting frame 19 is bolted to the mounting seat 13. A threaded hole is opened on the lower side of the shifting frame 19. A shifting motor 20 is bolted to the rail seat 18. A right-angle reducer 21 is arranged below the shifting motor 20. The output end of the right-angle reducer 21 is bolted to a lead screw 22. The other end of the lead screw 22 passes through the threaded hole on the lower side of the shifting frame 19 and is rotatably connected to the rail seat 18 through a bearing. The lead screw 22 is rotationally connected to the threaded hole of the shifting frame 19 through an inner wall thread.

[0038] Specifically, for the position adjustment of the mounting seat 13: the shifting motor 20 drives the lead screw 22 to rotate, and the shifting frame 19 moves on the rail seat 18 so that the mounting seat 13 moves away from the sampling cylinder 6. Subsequently, the deflection motor 16 drives the driving gear 17 to rotate and engage with the deflection gear 15, and the mounting seat 13 deflects; the mounting seat 13 can move along with the shifting frame 19, which is convenient for the sampling operation after transportation. At the same time, the mounting seat 13 deflects on the shifting frame 19, prompting the fixed half cylinder 702 and the movable half cylinder 703 to deflect forward, which can improve the smoothness of soil discharge in the fixed half cylinder 702 and the movable half cylinder 703.

[0039] A soil survey sampling method for historical and cultural building protection, using the soil survey sampling device for historical and cultural building protection as described above, includes the following steps: Step 1: Move the equipment to the survey area. After determining the position of the survey hole, use the drilling outer protection assembly 5 to assist in supporting the outside of the survey hole (after determining the survey hole, adjust the position of the device so that the protection seat 502 is placed above the survey hole, the dropping cylinder 501 is communicated with the survey hole, and then turn the retaining bolt 505 to make it enter the retaining screw hole 506, and the dropping cylinder 501 and the protection seat 502 are pressed down, and the spring 507 is compressed and elastically deformed); Step 2: Adjust the height of the sampling cylinder 6 (after the protective seat 502 is pressed down and supported, loosen the locking bolt 9, and the sampling cylinder 6 moves downward under its own gravity until the lower end contacts the upper end of the dropping cylinder 501, and then tighten the locking bolt 9 to fix the sampling cylinder 6), and start the gravity earth drilling module 3 for drilling survey (open the upper and lower valves of the cylinder 309, the inside of the cylinder 309 is connected to the atmosphere, under the gravity of the weight seat 303 and the motor frame 301, the gravity frame moves downward, the drill bit 304 is inserted into the survey hole, the earth drilling motor 305 starts to drive the earth drilling rod 302 to rotate, and the drill bit 304 and the earth drilling rod 302 perform the survey drilling operation, and the spiral blades outside the earth drilling rod 302 continuously transport the soil in the drilled hole upward); Step 3: After the drilling survey is completed, adjust the position of the mounting seat 13 (the displacement motor 20 drives the lead screw 22 to rotate, and the displacement frame 19 moves on the rail seat 18 to make the mounting seat 13 move away from the sampling cylinder 6, and then the deflection motor 16 drives the driving gear 17 to rotate and engage with the deflection gear 15, and the mounting seat 13 deflects), and use the sampling module 7 to sample the soil at multiple depths (the soil from the drilling survey is transferred into the fixed half cylinder 702 and the movable half cylinder 703. The diameter of the assembled fixed half cylinder 702 and the movable half cylinder 703 is the same as that of the sampling cylinder 6. Therefore, the soil in the fixed half cylinder 702 and the movable half cylinder 703 is the inverted state of the soil layer in the survey hole; during sampling, the deflection seat 701 moves away from the sampling cylinder 6, and then deflects to make the fixed half cylinder 702 and the movable half cylinder 703 tilt forward, and the movable half cylinder 703 moves away from the fixed half cylinder 702, and the sampling hole 704 appears, and the soil sampling of the sampling hole 704 at different depths is carried out by comparing with the scale bar 705).

[0040] As described above, it is only the preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and its inventive concept, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and all should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil survey and sampling device for protecting historical and cultural buildings, comprising a ground frame (1), characterized in that: A sampling frame (2) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the ground frame (1), and a gravity drilling module (3) is arranged above the ground frame (1); a base (4) is arranged at the lower end of the sampling frame (2); the base (4) is located on the upper side of the ground frame (1) and fixedly connected, and a drilling outer protection component (5) is arranged on the base (4); a sampling cylinder (6) is arranged above the ground frame (1), and a sampling module (7) is arranged beside the sampling cylinder (6); The gravity drilling module (3) comprises a motor frame (301) and a drilling rod (302), wherein the motor frame (301) is located directly above the sampling cylinder (6), and the drilling rod (302) is located inside the sampling cylinder (6); The drilling outer protection assembly (5) comprises a drop tube (501) and a protection seat (502), wherein the drop tube (501) is located directly below the sampling tube (6), and the protection seat (502) is located at the lower end of the drop tube (501) and is fixedly connected; The sampling module (7) comprises a deflection seat (701), a fixed half-cylinder (702) and a movable half-cylinder (703), wherein the deflection seat (701) is located above the base frame (1), the fixed half-cylinder (702) is located above the deflection seat (701) and is fixedly connected thereto, and the movable half-cylinder (703) is located beside the fixed half-cylinder (702).

2. The soil survey and sampling device based on the protection of historical and cultural buildings according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gravity drilling module (3) further comprises a weighted seat (303), the outside of the drilling rod (302) is provided with a spiral blade, the upper end of the drilling rod (302) is movably connected to the motor frame (301), the lower end of the drilling rod (302) is fixedly connected to a drill bit (304), the upper side of the motor frame (301) is fixedly connected to a drilling motor (305), the output end of the drilling motor (305) is connected to the drilling rod (302) via a coupling, and the weighted seat (303) is located beside the sampling frame (2), and the weighted seat (303) is close to the sampling frame (2). A receiving platform (306) is fixedly connected to one side, the receiving platform (306) is fixedly connected to the motor frame (301), both sides of the weighted seat (303) are fixedly connected to side attachment seats (307), and sliding holes are provided on the side attachment seats (307). A cylinder (309) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the ground frame (1), and the telescopic end of the cylinder (309) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the weighted seat (303) upwards. Symmetrical vertical rods (308) are provided on both sides of the cylinder (309), and the two vertical rods (308) are respectively located in the sliding holes of the two side attachment seats (307) and are movably connected.

3. The soil survey and sampling device based on the protection of historical and cultural buildings according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The drilling outer protection assembly (5) further comprises two support frames (503), the two support frames (503) are located on both sides of the drop tube (501) and are fixedly connected, the front ends of the two support frames (503) are fixedly connected with a pressure seat (504), and the base (4) is provided with two symmetrical rectangular holes, the two pressure seats (504) are respectively located in the two rectangular holes of the base (4) and are movably connected, the two pressure seats (504) are provided with through holes, the two rectangular holes of the base (4) are provided with retaining screw holes (506), the through holes of the two pressure seats (504) are inserted with retaining bolts (505), the lower ends of the retaining bolts (505) are rotatably connected to the retaining screw holes (506) by threads, and a spring (507) is provided between the pressure seat (504) and the bottom of the rectangular hole of the base (4), and the spring (507) is located outside the retaining bolt (505).

4. The soil survey and sampling device based on the protection of historical and cultural buildings according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The outside of the sampling tube (6) is movably connected to a sleeve (8), and the outside of the sleeve (8) is fixedly connected to a fixing seat (10). The lower end of the fixing seat (10) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the base (4), and a threaded hole is formed on the sleeve (8). The inside of the threaded hole is rotatably connected to a locking bolt (9) through an inner wall thread.

5. The soil survey and sampling device based on the protection of historical and cultural buildings according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The sampling module (7) further comprises a sampling hole (704), wherein the sampling hole (704) is located on the fixed half cylinder (702), a scale bar (705) is arranged beside the sampling hole (704), and the scale bar (705) is fixedly connected to the outside of the fixed half cylinder (702), and a discharge hole (706) is opened at the bottom of the deflection seat (701), and the upper side of the discharge hole (706) is connected to the fixed half cylinder (702) and the movable half cylinder (703), and a bottom door (707) is arranged on the discharge hole (706), and the bottom door (707) is movably connected to the deflection seat (701), and an opening and closing hydraulic cylinder (708) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the deflection seat (701), and a stop roller (709) is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder (708), and the stop roller (709) contacts the outer wall of the bottom door (707).

6. The soil survey and sampling device based on the protection of historical and cultural buildings according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A connection group (11) is provided above the sampling cylinder (6), the connection group (11) comprising a material taking hole (1101) and a material discharge hole (1102), wherein the material taking hole (1101) is connected to the sampling cylinder (6), and the material discharge hole (1102) is connected to the fixed half cylinder (702).

7. The soil survey and sampling device based on the protection of historical and cultural buildings according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A transfer group (12) is arranged above the connection group (11), and the transfer group (12) comprises a transfer hole (1201) and a material drop hole (1202), wherein the transfer hole (1201) is connected to the material taking hole (1101), and the material drop hole (1202) is connected to the material discharge hole (1102), an internalizing cavity is arranged between the transfer hole (1201) and the material drop hole (1202), and a feeding sheet (1204) is arranged inside the internal sliding cavity (1203), and the front end of the feeding sheet (1204) is located inside the transfer hole (1201).

8. The soil survey and sampling device based on the protection of historical and cultural buildings according to claim 7 is characterized in that: A mounting seat (13) is provided on a side of the deflection seat (701) away from the fixed half cylinder (702); the deflection seat (701) and the mounting seat (13) are movably connected; a sampling hydraulic cylinder (14) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the mounting seat (13); the telescopic end of the sampling hydraulic cylinder (14) is fixedly connected to the outside of the movable half cylinder (703); a deflection gear (15) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the deflection seat (701); a deflection motor (16) is fixedly connected to the mounting seat (13); an output end of the deflection motor (16) is connected to a short shaft via a coupling; the other end of the short shaft is fixedly connected to a driving gear (17); the driving gear (17) and the deflection gear (15) are meshed via tooth grooves.

9. The soil survey and sampling device based on the protection of historical and cultural buildings according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The ground frame (1) is fixedly connected to a rail seat (18), and a shift frame (19) is movably connected to the upper side of the rail seat (18). The shift frame (19) is L-shaped, and the front end of the shift frame (19) is fixedly connected to the mounting seat (13). A threaded hole is provided on the lower side of the shift frame (19). A shift motor (20) is fixedly connected to the rail seat (18), and a right-angle reducer (21) is provided below the shift motor (20). A lead screw (22) is fixedly connected to the output end of the right-angle reducer (21), and the other end of the lead screw (22) passes through the threaded hole on the lower side of the shift frame (19) and is movably connected to the rail seat (18). The lead screw (22) and the threaded hole of the shift frame (19) are rotatably connected via inner wall threads.

10. A soil survey and sampling method based on the protection of historical and cultural buildings, using the soil survey and sampling device based on the protection of historical and cultural buildings according to claim 9, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Move the equipment to the survey area, determine the location of the survey hole, and then use the drilling outer protection component (5) to provide auxiliary support for the outside of the survey hole; Step 2: adjusting the height of the sampling tube (6) and starting the gravity drilling module (3) to conduct drilling survey; Step 3: After the drilling survey is completed, the position of the mounting base (13) is adjusted, and the sampling module (7) is used to sample the soil at multiple depths.

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