Suaeda heteroptera carbon sequestration amount calculation method, system and equipment based on aerial image of unmanned aerial vehicle and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a suaeda heteroptera carbon sequestration amount calculation method, system and device based on an aerial image of an unmanned aerial vehicle and a medium, and relates to the technical field of image processing. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial image of a monitoring area; pre-processing the aerial image to obtain a pre-processed image of which the shadow and interference pixels are removed and which has a floating-point type color value; performing ratio calculation according to the color values of the red light and green light wavebands in the preprocessed image to obtain a ratio image of the red light and green light wavebands; determining a red-green band ratio threshold according to the ratio image of the red-green band, and extracting carbon sequestration information according to the red-green band ratio threshold and a suaeda heteroptera carbon sequestration remote sensing inversion model to obtain a suaeda heteroptera carbon sequestration remote sensing inversion result of the monitoring area; and calculating the area of the monitoring area and the total weight of suaeda heteroptera carbon sequestration according to a suaeda heteroptera carbon sequestration remote sensing inversion result by utilizing ENVI software, and drawing a suaeda heteroptera carbon sequestration remote sensing thematic map. The method can realize unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing monitoring of the suaeda heteroptera carbon sequestration amount.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of remote sensing image processing, and particularly relates to a method, system, device and medium for calculating the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial images. Background Art

[0002] Coastal wetlands are one of the most important carbon sinks on the earth, and are the main body of the "blue carbon" ecosystem in the coastal zone. Their carbon sequestration capacity far exceeds that of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. As a typical vegetation in the ecological environment of northern Chinese coastal wetlands, Suaeda salsa plays an important role in carbon sequestration in wetland ecosystems. Effective monitoring of it helps to master the spatio-temporal dynamic changes of Suaeda salsa and provide a decision-making basis for the protection and management of coastal wetlands. Coastal wetlands have a wide distribution area and complex landforms. Traditional manual monitoring methods are difficult to meet the monitoring requirements, and satellite remote sensing technology has become an important means for coastal wetland monitoring. Suaeda salsa belongs to salt marsh vegetation, and its reflection spectrum has obvious "red edge" characteristics. Researchers usually use the normalized difference vegetation index, enhanced vegetation index, soil-adjusted vegetation index, etc. to remotely sense and extract Suaeda salsa information, but there has always been a problem that the threshold intervals of Suaeda salsa and other green vegetation such as reeds overlap and cannot be effectively distinguished. Moreover, the spatial resolution of satellite remote sensing images is relatively low, and it is difficult to accurately extract Suaeda salsa information in areas with low Suaeda salsa coverage and mixed pixel areas containing other green vegetation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, system, device and medium for calculating the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa based on UAV aerial images, which can realize the UAV remote sensing monitoring of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions: A method for calculating the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa based on UAV aerial images includes: Using a UAV to conduct aerial photography on a monitoring area to obtain an aerial image of the monitoring area; Preprocessing the aerial image to obtain a preprocessed image with shadows and interfering pixels removed and having floating-point color values; Calculating the ratio of the color values of the red and green light bands in the preprocessed image to obtain a ratio image of the red and green bands; Determining the ratio threshold of the red and green bands according to the ratio image of the red and green bands, and extracting carbon sequestration amount information according to the ratio threshold of the red and green bands and a remote sensing inversion model of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa to obtain a remote sensing inversion result of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa in the monitoring area; Using ENVI software to calculate the area of the monitoring area and the total weight of carbon sequestration by Suaeda salsa according to the remote sensing inversion result of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa, and drawing a remote sensing thematic map of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa.

[0005] Optionally, the monitoring area is aerially photographed by the drone to obtain an aerial photograph of the monitoring area, specifically including: Set the parameters of the on-board camera of the drone; the parameters are exposure factor parameters; Aerially photograph the monitoring area in the "single scene" or "planned flight path" mode to obtain an aerial photograph of the monitoring area by the drone; the aerial photograph by the drone is a true color image.

[0006] Optionally, preprocess the aerial photograph to obtain a preprocessed image with shadows and interfering pixels removed and floating-point color values, specifically including: Perform floating-point conversion on the original color values of the red and green light bands in the aerial photograph: , wherein, V red_float represents the color value after floating-point conversion of the red light band, float represents the floating-point function, V red_raw represents the original color value of the red light band, V green_float represents the color value after floating-point conversion of the green light band, V green_raw represents the original color value of the green light band; Perform thresholding on the color value V red_float after floating-point conversion of the red light band to remove shadow pixels. When V red_float ≤40, it is confirmed that there are invalid shadow pixels causing misjudgment, and the pixels with V red_float ≤40 are extracted using ENVI software to create a first mask file, and a second mask file is created for non-Suaeda heteroptera areas with significantly abnormal colors; Use the first mask file and the second mask file to remove V red_float , V green_float the invalid interfering pixels in, and finally obtain an image after floating-point conversion and masking of the red and green light bands.

[0007] Optionally, the formula for the ratio calculation is expressed as: , wherein, R represents the red-green band ratio, V red_float_mask represents the color value after floating-point conversion and masking of the red light band, V green_float_maskRepresents the color value after floating-point conversion and masking in the green light band.

[0008] Optionally, the formula of the remote sensing inversion model for the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa is expressed as: , In the formula, C Suaeda salsa is the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa; R Represents the ratio of the red and green bands; a, b Is the fitting empirical coefficient.

[0009] Optionally, according to the ratio threshold of the red and green bands and the remote sensing inversion model of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa, the extraction of carbon sequestration amount information is specifically as follows: Using the extraction algorithm if R > R threshold then C Suaeda salsa = a + b × R else 0 to extract the carbon sequestration amount information, calculate the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa for the pixels of the ratio of the red and green bands that meet the conditions, and assign 0 to the pixels of the ratio of the red and green bands that do not meet the conditions, to obtain the remote sensing inversion result of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa in the monitoring area; where, if, then, else represent conditional functions, R Represents the ratio of the red and green bands, R threshold Represents the ratio threshold of the red and green bands, C Suaeda salsa Represents the remote sensing inversion result of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa in the monitoring area, a, b Is the fitting empirical coefficient.

[0010] The present invention also provides a system for calculating the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa based on UAV aerial images, including: An image acquisition unit, configured to use a UAV to conduct an aerial survey of a monitoring area to obtain an aerial image of the monitoring area; A preprocessing unit, configured to preprocess the aerial image to obtain a preprocessed image with shadows and interfering pixels removed and having floating-point color values; A ratio calculation unit, configured to calculate the ratio of the color values of the red and green bands in the preprocessed image to obtain a ratio image of the red and green bands; An inversion unit, configured to determine the ratio threshold of the red and green bands according to the ratio image of the red and green bands, and extract the carbon sequestration amount information according to the ratio threshold of the red and green bands and the remote sensing inversion model of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa to obtain the remote sensing inversion result of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa in the monitoring area; The carbon sequestration amount calculation unit is used to calculate the area of the monitoring area and the total weight of the carbon sequestration of Suaeda salsa by using ENVI software according to the remote sensing inversion result of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa, and draw a special remote sensing map of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa.

[0011] The present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. The memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor runs the computer program to enable the electronic device to execute the method for calculating the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa based on the UAV aerial image as described above.

[0012] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method for calculating the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa based on the UAV aerial image as described above.

[0013] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the following technical effects are disclosed by the present invention: The present invention discloses a method, a system, a device and a medium for calculating the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa based on UAV aerial images. The method includes obtaining UAV aerial images of a monitoring area; preprocessing the aerial images to obtain preprocessed images with shadows and interfering pixels removed and floating-point color values; calculating a ratio of the color values of the red and green bands in the preprocessed images to obtain a ratio image of the red and green bands; determining a ratio threshold of the red and green bands based on the ratio image of the red and green bands, and extracting carbon sequestration amount information according to the ratio threshold of the red and green bands and a remote sensing inversion model of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa to obtain a remote sensing inversion result of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa in the monitoring area; using ENVI software to calculate the area of the monitoring area and the total weight of the carbon sequestration of Suaeda salsa according to the remote sensing inversion result of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa, and draw a special remote sensing map of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa. The present invention can realize the UAV remote sensing monitoring of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa. Description of the Drawings

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0015] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the method for calculating the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa based on UAV aerial images of the present invention; Figure 2 It is the original UAV aerial image in Example 1; Figure 3 It is the special remote sensing map of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa in Example 1 Figure 4 It is the original UAV aerial image in Example 2; Figure 5 It is the remote sensing thematic map of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa in Example 2. Specific implementation manners

[0016] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0017] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, system, device and medium for calculating the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa based on UAV aerial images, which can realize the UAV remote sensing monitoring of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa.

[0018] In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0019] In recent years, UAV remote sensing technology has been widely used in the field of ecological environment monitoring, and the spatial resolution can reach the centimeter level, which has great advantages for the refined extraction of ground object information. In the true color images taken by UAV aerial photography, Suaeda salsa shows obvious reddish-brown characteristics, and the color value of its pixels in the red light band is significantly higher than that in the green light band, while the color values of pixels of green vegetation such as reeds in the red light band are close to those in the green light band. Based on this, the red-green band ratio can be used to effectively distinguish Suaeda salsa from green vegetation such as reeds in the image, and to a certain extent, the band ratio can eliminate the influence of factors such as light intensity change on the color value, the data processing is simple, and the extraction effect of Suaeda salsa pixels is good. Since Suaeda salsa is an annual herb, its carbon sequestration amount is the weight of organic carbon sequestered by Suaeda salsa per unit area per year (unit: kgC / (m 2 ∙a)), and there is a significant positive correlation between the red-green band ratio and the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa, so the UAV remote sensing monitoring of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa can be realized, and the accuracy of information extraction far exceeds that of satellite images.

[0020] Such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a method for calculating the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial images, including: First, obtain the true-color images of the monitoring area taken by the UAV; then, convert the color values of the red and green bands in the aerial images into floating-point types, remove the shadows and other interfering pixels, and then perform ratio calculation to obtain the ratio image of the red and green bands; then, extract the carbon sequestration amount information according to the red-green band ratio threshold and the remote sensing inversion model of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa to obtain the remote sensing inversion result of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa in the monitoring area; finally, use the ENVI software to calculate the area of the monitoring area and the total weight of the carbon sequestration of Suaeda salsa according to the remote sensing inversion result of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa in the monitoring area, and use the ArcGIS software to draw the remote sensing thematic map of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa. Compared with other extraction methods, the present invention can realize the calculation of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa from UAV aerial images, and the accuracy of information extraction far exceeds that of satellite images.

[0021] As a specific implementation manner, for UAV aerial photography, select a UAV with positioning function for aerial photography, and the specific steps are as follows: a) After arriving at the monitoring area, pre-lay sampling plots with different coverage degrees; b) Before aerial photography, fix the exposure elements such as the aperture, shutter, and ISO of the UAV airborne camera (do not set the "auto exposure" mode); c) During aerial photography, the "single scene" or "planned flight path" method can be used to conduct aerial photography of the monitoring area; d) After aerial photography, obtain the true-color images of the monitoring area taken by the UAV; After all aerial photography tasks are completed, collect all the Suaeda salsa plants in each sampling plot, number them, and save them for laboratory testing.

[0022] As a specific implementation manner, for the preprocessing of aerial images: (1) Conversion of color values to floating-point type Perform floating-point conversion on the original color values of the red and green light bands in the aerial image, and the formula is as follows: , In the formula, V red_float represents the color value after floating-point conversion of the red light band, float represents the floating-point function, V red_raw represents the original color value of the red light band, V green_float represents the color value after floating-point conversion of the green light band, V green_raw represents the original color value of the green light band.

[0023] (2) Removal of shadows and other interfering pixels In aerial images, shaded pixels contain no valid information, have a low signal-to-noise ratio, and large errors, which can lead to misjudgment in the identification of Suaeda salsa. After analysis, the color values after floating-point conversion in the red light band V red_float are used to remove shaded pixels by thresholding. When V red_float ≤ 40, they are identified as invalid shaded pixels that may cause misjudgment, and ENVI software is used to extract V red_float pixels with ≤ 40 and create a mask file; In addition, some non-Suaeda salsa areas with obviously abnormal colors will also cause misjudgment in identification, and ENVI software is needed to outline and create a mask file. Using the above mask file to remove V red_float and V green_float invalid interfering pixels, and finally obtaining the images after floating-point conversion and masking in the red and green light bands, and their color values are respectively expressed as V red_float_mask and V green_float_mask .

[0024] As a specific implementation, for the calculation of the red-to-green band ratio: Calculate the ratio of the color values in the red and green light bands in the preprocessed aerial image, and the formula is as follows: , where R represents the red-to-green band ratio, V red_float_mask represents the color value after floating-point conversion and masking in the red light band, V green_float_mask represents the color value after floating-point conversion and masking in the green light band.

[0025] As a specific implementation, for the construction of the inversion model: The remote sensing inversion model for the carbon sequestration of Suaeda salsa mainly includes two parts: modeling data processing and model fitting.

[0026] After bringing the collected Suaeda salsa plants back to the laboratory, they are cleaned, dried, weighed, and the carbon content is measured. The carbon sequestration of each Suaeda salsa quadrat is calculated, and the red-to-green band ratio of each quadrat in the red-to-green band ratio image is extracted, so as to obtain the modeling data set of the carbon sequestration of Suaeda salsa and the red-to-green band ratio.

[0027] Plot the scatter diagram of the carbon sequestration of Suaeda salsa ( C Suaeda salsa ) and the red-to-green band ratio ( R ), and use a linear function for fitting to construct the inversion model for the carbon sequestration of Suaeda salsa. The formula is as follows: , wherein, C Suaeda salsa is the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda heteroptera; R represents the ratio of the red to green bands; a, b is the fitting empirical coefficient.

[0028] As a specific implementation, for the extraction of the carbon sequestration amount information of Suaeda heteroptera: (1) Determination of the threshold of the red to green band ratio In the true color image taken by the UAV aerial photography, Suaeda heteroptera shows obvious reddish-brown characteristics. The color value of its pixels in the red band is significantly higher than that in the green band, while the color values of pixels of green vegetation such as Phragmites australis in the red band are close to those in the green band, and the ratio of the red to green bands of the mudflat pixels is between that of Suaeda heteroptera and green vegetation such as Phragmites australis. Therefore, import the ratio image of the red to green bands into the ENVI software, analyze the distribution law of the number of pixels with different ratios of the red to green bands in the pure mudflat area, and determine a certain ratio of the red to green bands with the cumulative proportion of the number of pixels exceeding 99% as the lowest threshold for the identification of Suaeda heteroptera R threshold , that is, when it is greater than this threshold, it is determined as a Suaeda heteroptera pixel.

[0029] (2) Extraction of the carbon sequestration amount information of Suaeda heteroptera Combined with the obtained "threshold of the ratio of the red to green bands R threshold " and the "remote sensing inversion model of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda heteroptera", the remote sensing extraction of the carbon sequestration amount information of Suaeda heteroptera can be realized. The extraction result of the carbon sequestration amount information of Suaeda heteroptera is represented by " C Suaeda salsa ", and the extraction algorithm is as follows: if R > R threshold then C Suaeda salsa = a + b × R else 0 wherein, if, then, and else represent conditional functions, that is, calculate the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda heteroptera for the pixels of the ratio of the red to green bands that meet the conditions, and assign 0 (representing no carbon sequestration amount information of Suaeda heteroptera) to the pixels of the ratio of the red to green bands that do not meet the conditions.

[0030] As a specific implementation, for the calculation of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda heteroptera and the drawing of the thematic map: (1) Calculation of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda heteroptera Use the ENVI software to calculate " C Suaeda salsa " to obtain the area of the monitoring area and the total weight (kgC) of the carbon sequestration of Suaeda heteroptera.

[0031] (2)Thematic map drawing Import the information extraction result of " C Suaeda salsa " into ArcGIS software to draw a remote sensing thematic map of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa, which can more intuitively display the spatial distribution of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa. When drawing the thematic map, the pixel value of 0 is represented by white, indicating no Suaeda salsa; when the pixel value is non-zero, it is represented by a set color, indicating the level of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa.

[0032] Based on the above technical solutions, the following examples are provided: Example 1 In October 2024, a certain area in the Suaeda salsa distribution area of Wafangdian City, Dalian was used as the monitoring area, and the calculation of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial images was carried out.

[0033] The original UAV aerial image is as Figure 2 shown; after preprocessing the aerial image, the red-green band ratio is calculated; further analysis gives the threshold of the red-green band ratio of this image R threshold as 1.27; the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa obtained from the experiment ( C Suaeda salsa ), and the red-green band ratio ( R ) are linearly function-fitted, and the remote sensing inversion model of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa is C Suaeda salsa =-0.5077 + 0.4429 ×R (the fitting determination coefficient is 0.998); using ENVI software to calculate " C Suaeda salsa " gives the area of this monitoring area and the total weight of the carbon sequestration of Suaeda salsa as: 320.74 m 2 , 46.31 kg; the remote sensing thematic map of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa drawn by using ArcGIS software is as Figure 3 shown, and it can be found that using this technical method to process UAV aerial images can accurately and intuitively display the spatial distribution of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa.

[0034] Example 2 Similarly, in October 2024, another area in the Suaeda salsa distribution area of Wafangdian City, Dalian was used as the monitoring area, and the calculation of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa based on UAV aerial images was carried out.

[0035] The original UAV aerial image is as Figure 4 shown; since the UAV aerial photography time and area of this area are close to those in Example 1, the threshold of the red-green band ratio of this image R threshold and the remote sensing inversion model of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa are the same as those in Example 1; using ENVI software to calculate "C Suaeda salsa ”The area of the monitored area and the total weight of carbon sequestration by Suaeda salsa are respectively: 275.93 m 2 , 34.18 kg; The remote sensing thematic map of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa drawn by using ArcGIS software is as Figure 5 shown. It can be found that by using the technical method of this invention to process the UAV aerial images, the spatial distribution of the carbon sequestration amount of Suaeda salsa can be accurately and intuitively displayed.

[0036] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. For the same or similar parts among the embodiments, reference can be made to each other.

[0037] In this article, specific examples are used to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the carbon fixation amount of Suaeda salsa based on drone aerial images, characterized in that: include: Use a drone to take aerial photos of the monitoring area to obtain an aerial image of the monitoring area; Preprocessing the aerial image to obtain a preprocessed image with floating-point color values ​​after removing shadows and interfering pixels; Calculating the ratio of the red and green light bands according to the color values ​​of the red and green light bands in the preprocessed image to obtain a ratio image of the red and green bands; Determine a red-green band ratio threshold value according to the ratio image of the red-green band, and extract carbon fixation information according to the red-green band ratio threshold value and the remote sensing inversion model of the carbon fixation of Suaeda salsa, to obtain the remote sensing inversion result of the carbon fixation of Suaeda salsa in the monitoring area; The area of ​​the monitoring area and the total weight of carbon fixed by the sphaerocephala were calculated using ENVI software based on the remote sensing inversion results of the carbon fixed by the sphaerocephala, and a remote sensing thematic map of carbon fixed by the sphaerocephala was drawn.

2. The method for calculating the carbon fixation amount of Suaeda salsa based on drone aerial images according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method of using a drone to take aerial photos of the monitoring area to obtain an aerial image of the monitoring area specifically includes: Set the parameters of the drone's onboard camera; the parameters are exposure factor parameters; The monitoring area is aerially photographed using the "single view" or "planned route" method to obtain a drone aerial image of the monitoring area; the drone aerial image is a true color image.

3. The method for calculating the carbon fixation amount of Suaeda salsa based on drone aerial images according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The aerial image is preprocessed to obtain a preprocessed image with floating-point color values ​​after shadows and interfering pixels are removed, specifically including: The original color values ​​of the red and green light bands in the aerial image are converted into floating point values: ， In the formula, V red_float Indicates the color value of the red light band after floating point conversion. float Represents a floating-point function, V red_raw Represents the original color value of the red light band. V green_float Indicates the floating-point converted color value of the green light band. V green_raw Represents the original color value of the green light band; The color value after converting the red light band floating point type V red_float Threshold value is used to remove shadow pixels. V red_float When ≤40, it is confirmed that there are invalid shadow pixels that cause misjudgment, and ENVI software is used to extract V red_float The first mask file is created for pixels with a color difference of ≤40, and the second mask file is created for non-S. wingii areas with obviously abnormal colors; Using the first mask file and the second mask file to remove V red_float , V green_float The invalid interfering pixels in the image are removed, and finally the floating-point conversion and masking images of the red and green light bands are obtained.

4. The method for calculating the carbon fixation amount of Suaeda salsa based on drone aerial images according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for calculating the ratio is expressed as: ， In the formula, R Represents the ratio of red and green bands, V red_float_mask Indicates the color value of the red light band after floating point conversion and masking. V green_float_mask Represents the green band's floating-point converted and masked color value.

5. The method for calculating the carbon fixation amount of Suaeda salsa based on drone aerial images according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula of the remote sensing inversion model of carbon fixation in Phragmites australis is expressed as: ， In the formula, C Suaeda salsa The carbon fixation amount of Suaeda winged; R Indicates the ratio of red and green bands; a, b is the fitting empirical coefficient.

6. The method for calculating the carbon fixation amount of Suaeda salsa based on drone aerial images according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon fixation information is extracted according to the red-green band ratio threshold and the Suaeda salsa carbon fixation remote sensing inversion model, specifically including: Using the extraction algorithm if R > R threshold then C Suaeda salsa = a + b×R else 0 extracts the carbon fixation information, calculates the carbon fixation of Suaeda salsa for the red-green band ratio pixels that meet the conditions, and assigns the red-green band ratio pixels that do not meet the conditions to 0, and obtains the remote sensing inversion results of the carbon fixation of Suaeda salsa in the monitoring area; where if, then, and else represent conditional functions, R Represents the ratio of red and green bands, R threshold Represents the red-green band ratio threshold, C Suaeda salsa It represents the remote sensing inversion results of carbon fixation of Suaeda salsa in the monitoring area. a, b is the fitting empirical coefficient.

7. A system for calculating the carbon fixation of Suaeda salsa based on drone aerial images, characterized in that: include: An image acquisition unit is used to use a drone to take aerial photos of the monitoring area to obtain an aerial image of the monitoring area; A preprocessing unit, used for preprocessing the aerial image to obtain a preprocessed image with floating point color values ​​after shadows and interfering pixels are removed; A ratio calculation unit, used for performing ratio calculation according to the color values ​​of the red light band and the green light band in the preprocessed image to obtain a ratio image of the red and green light bands; An inversion unit is used to determine a red-green band ratio threshold according to the red-green band ratio image, and to extract carbon fixation information according to the red-green band ratio threshold and a remote sensing inversion model of carbon fixation of Suaeda salsa, so as to obtain a remote sensing inversion result of carbon fixation of Suaeda salsa in the monitoring area; The carbon fixation calculation unit is used to calculate the area of ​​the monitoring area and the total weight of carbon fixed by the sedge wormwood according to the remote sensing inversion result of the carbon fixation of the sedge wormwood by using ENVI software, and to draw a remote sensing thematic map of the carbon fixation of the sedge wormwood.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: It includes a memory and a processor, the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor runs the computer program to enable the electronic device to execute the method for calculating the carbon fixation amount of Suaeda salsa based on drone aerial images according to any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: It stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for calculating the carbon fixation amount of Suaeda salsa based on unmanned aerial vehicle aerial images as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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