New green prevention and treatment method for false smut

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of ustilaginoidea virens prevention and treatment, and discloses a novel green ustilaginoidea virens prevention and treatment method which comprises the following steps: S1, irradiating seeds through a sterilization waveband ultraviolet lamp; s2, spraying the biological agent to rice plants in the booting stage of the rice; s3, selecting matrine plant extract to spray rice plants at a key stage when the rice is close to a crevasse and is about to enter a susceptible disease; s4, applying the electrolyzed water generator to prepare weakly acidic electrolyzed water in the heading stage of the rice, and spraying the weakly acidic electrolyzed water to the rice plants. Green prevention and control means such as ultraviolet sterilization, biological agents, plant extracts and electrolyzed water are adopted, the base number of pathogenic bacteria is reduced by treating seeds through ultraviolet rays, chemical residues are not introduced, bacillus subtilis serves as the biological agents, bacteria are used for bacteriostasis, matrine plant extracts are natural, and the environment-friendly effect is achieved. The weakly acidic and weakly alkaline electrolyzed water prevents and controls diseases by virtue of unique physicochemical properties, and is pollution-free.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rice false smut control, and specifically to a new method for the green control of rice false smut. Background Art

[0002] Rice false smut is a disease of the rice ear caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, which is widely distributed in global rice-growing areas, especially severely in areas with warm and humid climates. With global warming and the change of rice planting methods, the occurrence frequency and damage degree of rice false smut show an upward trend. In agricultural production, rice false smut not only causes a decrease in rice yield, generally with a reduction range of 10% - 30%, and up to more than 50% in severe cases, but also affects the quality of rice. Diseased grains contain various toxins and carcinogenic substances, such as ustilaginoidin, etc., posing a potential threat to the health of humans and livestock.

[0003] Traditional control methods mainly rely on chemical pesticides. Long-term and large-scale use of chemical pesticides will not only cause the pathogen to develop drug resistance, but also cause problems such as environmental pollution, ecological balance destruction, and excessive pesticide residues in agricultural products. Therefore, against the background of people's increasing attention to food safety and environmental protection, there is an urgent need for an efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly green control method for rice false smut to achieve sustainable rice production and ensure food safety and ecological environment safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a new method for the green control of rice false smut, solving the problems that traditional control methods mainly rely on chemical pesticides, and long-term and large-scale use of chemical pesticides will not only cause the pathogen to develop drug resistance, but also cause environmental pollution, ecological balance destruction, and excessive pesticide residues in agricultural products.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A new method for the green control of rice false smut, including the following steps:

[0006] S1. Irradiate the seeds with a germicidal-band ultraviolet lamp;

[0007] S2. Spray a biological bacterial agent on the rice plants during the booting stage of rice;

[0008] S3. Select matrine plant extract to spray on the rice plants when the rice is approaching the heading stage and about to enter the key susceptible stage;

[0009] S4. Use an electrolyzed water generator to prepare weakly acidic electrolyzed water and spray it on the rice plants during the heading stage of rice;

[0010] S5. Control the drone to fly low over the paddy field during the flowering period of rice, and use air flow disturbance to accelerate the closing of the glumes of the rice ears;

[0011] S6. Enter the rice filling stage, and use the electrolyzed water generator again to prepare weakly alkaline electrolyzed water as needed for secondary spraying on the rice plants.

[0012] Preferably, in the S1 step, the seeds are irradiated with a UV lamp having a wavelength range of 254 nm.

[0013] Preferably, in the S1 step, the distance between the UV lamp tube and the seeds is 10 - 15 cm, and the rotation speed is 3 - 5 revolutions per minute.

[0014] Preferably, in the S1 step, the irradiation duration of the UV lamp is controlled within the range of 10 minutes to 15 minutes. During the irradiation process, the seeds are turned 1 - 2 times.

[0015] Preferably, in the S2 step, the biological bacteria are selected as a liquid preparation of Bacillus subtilis bactericide, and the effective viable bacteria count is ≥2×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0016] Preferably, in the S2 step, before use, it is diluted with water at a volume ratio of 1:500. The spraying amount is 30 - 40 L / mu, and it is sprayed 2 times at an interval of 7 days during the booting stage.

[0017] Preferably, in the S3 step, the matrine extract is 0.3% matrine aqueous solution, the use concentration is diluted 1:800 - 1000 times, the spraying amount is 50 - 80 mL / mu, and it is sprayed 3 - 5 days before the heading stage.

[0018] Preferably, in the S4 step, the parameters of the weakly acidic electrolyzed water are pH 4.0 - 5.0, oxidation - reduction potential +600 - +800 mV, the spraying amount is 30 - 40 L / mu, and it is sprayed once at the heading stage.

[0019] Preferably, in the S5 step, the flight height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is 1.5 - 2.0 m, the speed is 6 - 8 m / s, and it operates from 10:00 to 14:00 every day for 3 consecutive days.

[0020] Preferably, in the S6 step, the parameters of the weakly alkaline electrolyzed water are pH 9.0 - 10.0, oxidation - reduction potential - 800 - - 600 mV, the spraying amount is 40 - 50 L / mu, and the water quality requirement of the weakly alkaline electrolyzed water is that the conductivity ≤500 μS / cm, and the storage time does not exceed 24 hours.

[0021] The present invention provides a new method for the green control of false smut of rice. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention adopts green prevention and control means such as ultraviolet sterilization, biological agents, plant extracts, and electrolyzed water. Ultraviolet treatment of seeds reduces the pathogen base without introducing chemical residues. Bacillus subtilis is used as a biological agent to inhibit bacteria with bacteria. Matrine plant extract is derived from nature. Weakly acidic and weakly alkaline electrolyzed water prevent diseases by virtue of their unique physical and chemical properties and are pollution - free.

[0023] 2. Through the coordinated cooperation of multiple links, the present invention realizes precise prevention and control of false smut disease throughout the growth period of rice. From killing pathogens in the seed treatment stage, to the colonization and protection of biological agents during the booting stage, the precise inhibition of hyphae by matrine during the heading - emergence stage, the destruction of the pathogen structure by weakly acidic electrolyzed water during the heading stage, the shortening of the infection window period by the airflow of the drone during the flowering stage, and then to the inhibition of pathogen growth by weakly alkaline electrolyzed water during the filling stage, it effectively reduces the incidence of false smut disease and strongly guarantees the healthy growth of rice.

[0024] 3. While preventing and controlling diseases, the present invention promotes the growth and development of rice. Bacillus subtilis stimulates rice to produce defense responses and also helps the development of rice roots. The weakly alkaline electrolyzed water sprayed during the filling stage regulates carbon and nitrogen metabolism, promotes the efficient transportation of photosynthesis products to grains, improves the filling rate and plumpness, increases the rice yield, reduces the use of chemical pesticides, avoids the pollution of toxin - containing diseased grains, significantly improves the rice quality, realizes the double improvement of yield and quality, and increases the economic benefits of farmers. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 It is a flow schematic diagram of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0026] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 , the embodiment of the present invention provides a new method for green prevention and control of false smut disease, including the following steps:

[0028] S1. Irradiate the seeds with an ultraviolet lamp in the sterilization wavelength band;

[0029] S2. Spray the biological agent on the rice plants during the booting stage of rice;

[0030] S3. When rice is approaching the heading - emergence stage and about to enter the key susceptible stage, select matrine plant extract to spray on the rice plants;

[0031] S4. Use an electrolyzed water generator to prepare weakly acidic electrolyzed water and spray it on the rice plants during the heading stage of rice;

[0032] S5. During the rice flowering period, control the drone to fly low above the paddy field, and promote the rapid closure of the glumes of rice panicles through air flow disturbance;

[0033] S6. Enter the rice filling period, and once again use the electrolyzed water generator to prepare weak alkaline electrolyzed water as needed for secondary spraying on the rice plants.

[0034] Specifically, in step S1, use a specific ultraviolet lamp to irradiate the seeds to kill the surface pathogens and reduce the pathogen-carrying rate, so as to prevent false smut of rice from the source. In step S2, spray the Bacillus subtilis bactericide on the rice plants at the booting stage to form a protective film, secrete antibacterial substances and stimulate the defense of rice, enhancing the disease resistance of the plants. In step S3, spray with matrine plant extract before the heading stage to precisely inhibit the hyphae of the pathogen and prevent it from infecting rice, reducing the use of chemical pesticides. In step S4, spray weak acidic electrolyzed water at the heading stage to damage the cell membrane of the pathogen and regulate the microenvironment of the rice plants to prevent the occurrence of diseases. In step S5, control the drone to operate during the flowering stage, and the air flow promotes the rapid closure of the glumes, shortening the infection time of the pathogen. In step S6, spray weak alkaline electrolyzed water during the filling period to regulate carbon and nitrogen metabolism, promote filling, and at the same time inhibit the growth of the pathogen, achieving both yield increase and quality improvement and disease prevention and control.

[0035] In step S1, irradiate the seeds with an ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength range of 254 nm; the distance between the ultraviolet lamp tube and the seeds is 10 - 15 cm, and the rotation speed is 3 - 5 revolutions per minute; the irradiation time of the ultraviolet lamp is controlled within the range of 10 minutes to 15 minutes, and during the irradiation process, the seeds are turned 1 - 2 times.

[0036] Specifically, select an ultraviolet lamp with a precise wavelength of 254 nm to treat the seeds. This wavelength is in the best band for sterilization and can effectively damage the DNA structure of the pathogen. Keep the distance between the ultraviolet lamp tube and the seeds at 10 - 15 cm to make the irradiation intensity just right, and at the same time rotate at a speed of 3 - 5 revolutions per minute to make all parts of the seeds receive uniform light. The irradiation time is controlled within the range of 10 - 15 minutes, and during this period, the seeds are turned 1 - 2 times to ensure that the surface of each seed can fully receive ultraviolet irradiation. The beneficial effect of this is that on the premise of not damaging the seed activity, the pathogen of false smut of rice carried on the seed surface is killed to the greatest extent, greatly reducing the pathogen-carrying rate of the seeds, laying a good foundation for the subsequent healthy growth of rice, and reducing the possibility of false smut of rice from the source.

[0037] In step S2, the biological bacteria are selected as the liquid preparation of Bacillus subtilis bactericide, and the effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2×10 8 CFU / mL; dilute it with water at a volume ratio of 1:500 before use, and the spraying amount is 30 - 40 L / mu, and spray 2 times at intervals of 7 days during the booting stage.

[0038] Specifically, a liquid preparation of Bacillus subtilis bactericide is selected, and its effective viable bacteria count is ≥ 2×10 8 CFU / mL, with a high viable bacteria content and strong activity. Before use, it is diluted with water at a volume ratio of 1:500, so that the bactericide can be more evenly dispersed in the spraying solution. With a spraying amount of 30 - 40 L / mu, it is sprayed 2 times at intervals of 7 days during the booting stage of rice. As a beneficial microorganism, after being sprayed onto the rice plants, Bacillus subtilis can quickly colonize on the surface of the rice plants, form a biological protective film, occupy the living space of pathogenic bacteria, and prevent the infection of Ustilaginoidea virens. At the same time, it can also secrete a variety of antibacterial substances, inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, and stimulate the rice plants to produce defense responses, enhancing the disease resistance of rice itself, thus significantly reducing the incidence rate of rice false smut during the booting stage.

[0039] In step S3, the matrine extract is 0.3% matrine aqueous solution, with a use concentration of 1:800 - 1000 times dilution, and a spraying amount of 50 - 80 mL / mu, and it is sprayed 3 - 5 days before the heading stage.

[0040] Specifically, the matrine extract used is 0.3% matrine aqueous solution, which is a plant-derived pesticide, safe and environmentally friendly. It is diluted at a ratio of 1:800 - 1000 times, so that the concentration of the active ingredient can not only ensure the control effect but also have no adverse effects on the environment and rice. When the rice is approaching the heading stage and about to enter the key stage of being susceptible to diseases, that is, 3 - 5 days before the heading stage, it is sprayed at a spraying amount of 50 - 80 mL / mu. Spraying the matrine aqueous solution at this time can accurately play a role during the period when pathogenic bacteria are most likely to infect rice, effectively inhibit the germination and growth of the hyphae of Ustilaginoidea virens, prevent it from invading the rice tissue, and avoid the problems of poor effect or pesticide residue caused by spraying too early or too late, achieving precise prevention and control of rice false smut, reducing the use of chemical pesticides, and ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products.

[0041] In step S4, the parameters of weakly acidic electrolyzed water are pH 4.0 - 5.0, oxidation-reduction potential +600 - +800 mV, and the spraying amount is 30 - 40 L / mu, and it is sprayed once during the heading stage.

[0042] Specifically, weakly acidic electrolyzed water with a pH value in the range of 4.0 - 5.0 and an oxidation-reduction potential in the range of +600 - +800 mV is prepared by using an electrolyzed water generator. This weakly acidic electrolyzed water has unique physical and chemical properties, and its high oxidation-reduction potential gives it strong oxidation ability. During the heading stage of rice, it is sprayed once at a spraying amount of 30 - 40 L / mu. After spraying, the weakly acidic electrolyzed water can destroy the cell membrane structure of Ustilaginoidea virens, causing the leakage of cell contents, thereby killing pathogenic bacteria. At the same time, it can also regulate the microenvironment on the surface of rice plants, which is not conducive to the survival and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, and provides a chemical protection barrier for rice plants during the key heading stage of rice growth, effectively preventing the occurrence of rice false smut.

[0043] In step S5, the UAV flies at an altitude of 1.5 - 2.0 m and a speed of 6 - 8 m / s, and operates from 10:00 to 14:00 every day for 3 consecutive days.

[0044] Specifically, the UAV is controlled to operate during the rice flowering period. The flight altitude of the UAV is set at 1.5 - 2.0 m. This altitude can not only ensure that the air flow effectively disturbs the rice panicles but also cause no physical damage to the rice panicles. The flight speed is controlled at 6 - 8 m / s to ensure that the air flow has sufficient intensity. The operation is carried out every day during the period from 10:00 to 14:00 when the glumes of the rice panicles are in a relatively active state for 3 consecutive days. The air flow disturbance generated by the UAV flight can prompt the glumes of the rice panicles to close faster, shorten the time when the glumes are open, and reduce the window period for the infection of the rice false smut pathogen. Through practical verification, this operation can make the closing rate of the glumes of the rice panicles ≥ 90%, greatly reducing the probability of the pathogen infecting rice during the flowering period, creating good conditions for rice pollination and seed setting, and reducing the problem of poor seed setting caused by disease infection.

[0045] In step S6, the parameters of the weakly alkaline electrolyzed water are pH 9.0 - 10.0, redox potential -800 - -600 mV, spraying amount 40 - 50 L / mu, the water quality requirement of the weakly alkaline electrolyzed water is conductivity ≤ 500 μS / cm, and the storage time does not exceed 24 hours.

[0046] Specifically, the weakly alkaline electrolyzed water is prepared again by using an electrolyzed water generator, with a pH value of 9.0 - 10.0 and a redox potential of -800 - -600 mV. The water quality requirement of this weakly alkaline electrolyzed water is conductivity ≤ 500 μS / cm to ensure its purity, and the storage time does not exceed 24 hours to ensure the activity of the electrolyzed water when used. When the rice enters the filling stage, it is sprayed at a spraying amount of 40 - 50 L / mu. The weakly alkaline electrolyzed water can regulate the carbon-nitrogen metabolism of rice plants, promote the transportation and accumulation of photosynthesis products to grains, improve the filling rate and plumpness of rice, and increase the yield. At the same time, its alkaline environment and specific redox potential can inhibit the growth of pathogens during the filling stage of rice, prevent the pathogens from invading the grains, ensure the quality of rice, and achieve the dual goals of increasing production and improving quality and disease prevention and control.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] The irradiation distance of the ultraviolet lamp is 12 cm, the rotation speed is 4 revolutions per minute, irradiate for 12 minutes, and turn over once;

[0049] Bacillus subtilis bacterium agent (2×108 CFU / mL), diluted 1:500, 35 L / mu, sprayed 2 times at an interval of 7 days;

[0050] Matrine aqueous solution (diluted 1:900), 65 mL / mu, sprayed 4 days before the booting stage;

[0051] Weakly acidic electrolyzed water (pH 4.5, ORP +700 mV), 35 L / mu;

[0052] UAV height 1.8 m, speed 7 m / s, operating at 12:00 every day for 3 consecutive days;

[0053] Weakly alkaline electrolyzed water (pH 9.5, ORP -700 mV), 45 L / mu, conductivity 400 μS / cm; Example 2

[0054] Differences from Example 1

[0055] Ultraviolet lamp distance 15 cm, rotation speed 3 revolutions per minute, irradiating for 15 minutes, turning 2 times; Bacillus subtilis bactericide (2.5×108 CFU / mL), diluted 1:600, 40 L / mu;

[0056] Weakly acidic electrolyzed water (pH 5.0, ORP +800 mV);

[0057] Weakly alkaline electrolyzed water (pH 10.0, ORP -600 mV), conductivity 300 μS / cm; Example 3

[0058] Differences from Example 1

[0059] Ultraviolet lamp distance 10 cm, rotation speed 5 revolutions per minute, irradiating for 10 minutes;

[0060] Matrine aqueous solution (diluted 1:800), 50 mL / mu, sprayed 3 days before the booting stage;

[0061] UAV height 1.5 m, speed 8 m / s, operating at 10:00 every day;

[0062] Weakly alkaline electrolyzed water (pH 9.0, ORP -800 mV), 50 L / mu, conductivity 200 μS / cm; Table 1: Comparison between Examples and the Prior Art

[0063]

[0064] Explanation of comparison items

[0065] Chemical agent residue amount (mg / kg):

[0066] This index reflects the impact of the control method on the safety of agricultural products. The higher the chemical agent residue amount, the greater the risk of pesticide residue, which may endanger human health and the ecological environment; "not detected" indicates that the corresponding example uses green control methods (such as biological agents, plant extracts, physical means, etc.) without chemical agent residue, meeting the green safety standards.

[0067] Incidence rate (%)

[0068] This index reflects the control effect of false smut of rice. The lower the incidence rate, the stronger the inhibitory ability of the control method against false smut of rice. Due to problems such as chemical agent resistance and application timing in the prior art, the incidence rate is relatively high; through multi-link green prevention and control (ultraviolet sterilization, biological agent inhibition, physical disturbance, etc.) in the embodiments, the risk of disease occurrence is significantly reduced.

[0069] From the data in Table 1, in terms of the chemical agent residue amount, no chemical agent residue was detected in Examples 1, 2, and 3, while the residue amount of the chemical agent hexaconazole used in the prior art reached 0.3 - 0.8 mg / kg, highlighting the safety advantage of the green control method; in terms of the incidence rate, the incidence rate in the prior art was 18.5%, while in Examples 1, 2, and 3, it was as low as 1.8%, 2.3%, and 1.5% respectively, indicating that this method not only avoids chemical pollution but also far exceeds traditional chemical agents in the control effect of false smut of rice, achieving a double improvement in food safety and disease inhibition.

[0070] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A new method for the green control of false smut of rice, comprising the following steps: S1. Irradiating the seeds with an ultraviolet lamp in the sterilizing wavelength band; S2. Spraying a biological bactericide on the rice plants during the booting stage of rice; S3. Selecting a matrine plant extract to spray on the rice plants when the rice is near the heading stage and about to enter the critical stage of being susceptible to diseases; S4. Using an electrolyzed water generator to prepare weakly acidic electrolyzed water to spray on the rice plants during the heading stage of rice; S5. During the flowering period of rice, controlling a drone to fly low above the paddy field, and promoting the rapid closure of the glumes of the rice ears through air flow disturbance; S6. Entering the filling stage of rice, using the electrolyzed water generator again to prepare weakly alkaline electrolyzed water as needed to spray on the rice plants for a second time.

2. The new method for green control of false smut of rice according to claim 1 is characterized in that, In the step S1, the seeds are irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp with a wavelength range of 254 nm.

3. The new method for green control of false smut of rice according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the step S1, the distance between the ultraviolet lamp tube and the seeds is 10-15 cm, and the rotation speed is 3-5 revolutions per minute.

4. The new method for green control of false smut of rice according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the step S1, the irradiation duration of the ultraviolet lamp is controlled within the range of 10 minutes to 15 minutes. During the irradiation process, the seeds are turned 1 to 2 times.

5. The new method for green control of false smut of rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step S2, the biological bacteria are selected as a liquid preparation of Bacillus subtilis bacterial agent, and the effective viable bacteria count is ≥ 2×10 8 CFU / mL.

6. The new method for green control of false smut of rice according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the step S2, before use, it is diluted with water at a volume ratio of 1:500, the spraying amount is 30-40 L / mu, and it is sprayed 2 times at an interval of 7 days during the booting stage.

7. The new method for green control of false smut of rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step S3, the matrine extract is 0.3% matrine aqueous solution, the use concentration is diluted at a ratio of 1:800-1000 times, the spraying amount is 50-80 mL / mu, and it is sprayed 3-5 days before the heading stage.

8. The new method for green control of false smut of rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step S4, the parameters of the weakly acidic electrolyzed water are pH 4.0-5.0, oxidation-reduction potential +600-+800 mV, the spraying amount is 30-40 L / mu, and it is sprayed once during the heading stage.

9. The new method for green control of false smut of rice according to claim 1, characterized in that In the step S5, the flight height of the drone is 1.5-2.0 m, the speed is 6-8 m / s, and the operation is carried out from 10:00 to 14:00 every day for 3 consecutive days.

10. The new method for green control of false smut of rice according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step S6, the parameters of the weakly alkaline electrolyzed water are pH 9.0-10.0, oxidation-reduction potential -800--600 mV, the spraying amount is 40-50 L / mu, the conductivity of the weakly alkaline electrolyzed water quality requirement is ≤500 μS / cm, and the storage time does not exceed 24 hours.

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