Passiflora edulis cuttage atomizing rapid seedling raising method

Abstract

The invention discloses a passion fruit cutting and atomizing rapid seedling raising method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a seedling raising substrate; (2) selecting a cutting material; (3) treating before cutting; the passion fruit cuttage atomizing rapid breeding method is easy and convenient to operate, high in seedling emergence survival rate, high in survival rate after transplanting and worthy of application and popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of passion fruit cultivation, and specifically relates to a method for rapid cuttage and mist propagation of passion fruit seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Passion fruit is an important fruit tree in southern China. It is a herbaceous vine. Its fruit has a fragrant smell. Passion fruit contains very rich natural vitamin C. There are 34.6 milligrams of vitamin C in every 100 grams of fruit juice. It is also rich in vitamins A, B1, B2, etc. In addition, it also contains rich calcium, phosphorus, iron and various amino acids and other substances, with extremely high nutritional value.

[0003] With the improvement of the living standards of the people in our country and the change of consumption concepts, the consumption volume of passion fruit shows a rapid growth trend, which will stimulate the rapid development of the passion fruit industry. With the increase in demand, the improvement of the cultivation method of passion fruit has positive significance. Seedling raising is a key link in planting passion fruit, and the quality of seedling raising directly affects the later growth and yield. At present, passion fruit seedlings can generally be raised by seedling raising or cuttage. Seedling raising by seeds is simple to operate but has a long growth cycle. Cuttage can maintain the characteristics of the mother plant and bear fruit early. However, the current cuttage method has a relatively high technical difficulty. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for rapid cuttage and mist propagation of passion fruit seedlings. The rapid cuttage and mist propagation method of passion fruit of the present invention is simple, convenient to operate, has a relatively high seedling emergence survival rate, and at the same time has a high survival rate after transplantation, and is worthy of application and promotion.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for rapid cuttage and mist propagation of passion fruit seedlings, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Prepare a seedling raising substrate: Mix biochar, perlite, leaf mold, seaweed extract and microbial inoculant in a mass ratio of 8-10:7:5-6:1-3:0.1-0.5 to obtain the seedling raising substrate, and set aside;

[0008] (2) Select cuttage materials: Enter the 3-needle sunshade net propagation greenhouse, select the passion fruit propagation mother plant materials, perform a shading and dark treatment for 5-20 days to yellow, cut the materials into one leaf and one bud, with a flat cut at the upper end and a horseshoe-shaped cut at the lower end, then the cuttage materials can be obtained and set aside;

[0009] (3) Pretreatment before cuttage: Immerse the cuttage materials in a rooting agent for 8-12 hours, then take them out and insert the cuttage materials into the seedling raising substrate;

[0010] (4) Mist spraying treatment: Turn on the mist sprayer, keep the temperature at 25 - 30 °C and the humidity at 80 - 90%, keep the air in a mist state to disperse light and moisturize. After the cuttings take root and grow new leaves, they can be transplanted.

[0011] Furthermore, the microbial inoculum in step (1) is Bacillus subtilis. Among them, the Bacillus subtilis used in this application is purchased commercially. The Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 strain is selected.

[0012] Furthermore, the rooting agent in step (3) is composed of the following components: 2 - 5 g / L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 5 - 10 mg / L of indole - 3 - butyric acid, 3 - 8 mg / L of naphthaleneacetic acid, 1 - 3 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.5 - 1 g / L of vitamin B1, 0.1 - 0.3 g / L of salicylic acid, and the balance is water.

[0013] Furthermore, the chitosan oligosaccharide is prepared by the following method: Chitosan is extracted from shrimp shells, then chitosan is dissolved in acetic acid to prepare a 1 - 2% chitosan solution. Lactobacillus is inoculated into the chitosan solution with an inoculation amount of 1 - 2%, and after fermentation treatment, the fermentation broth is centrifuged and purified through an ultrafiltration membrane, and then spray - dried to obtain the chitosan oligosaccharide.

[0014] Furthermore, the temperature of the fermentation is 32 - 35 °C, the pH value is 5.0 - 6.0, and when the pH value drops to below 4.0 during fermentation, the fermentation is completed.

[0015] Furthermore, the spraying frequency of the mist sprayer in step (4) can be automatically adjusted according to the environmental humidity, specifically including: spraying for 8 - 10 seconds every 10 minutes in the initial stage after cutting, and spraying for 8 - 10 seconds every 30 minutes after taking root.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0017] 1. The present invention first proposes a scheme to improve the cutting effect of passion fruit by applying mist spraying. The rapid propagation method of passion fruit cutting with mist spraying of the present invention is simple, convenient, has a relatively high seedling emergence survival rate, and at the same time has a high survival rate after transplantation, which is worthy of application and promotion.

[0018] 2. In the process of proposing the present invention, the applicant first found that compared with seedling raising, cutting propagation can better retain the characteristics of the mother plant. However, cutting propagation is more difficult. Based on this, the present application proposes a new method, which is simple to operate and combines atomization to moisturize the seedlings, effectively improving the growth efficiency of the seedlings and having the advantages of being fast and efficient. However, in the specific implementation process, the applicant found that several problems would arise in atomized cutting propagation. Firstly, in a high-humidity environment, bacteria are likely to breed, leading to seedling infection and disease. Some bacterial diseases, such as soft rot, affect the health of the seedlings. Secondly, in a high-humidity environment, the roots of the seedlings absorb nitrogen, resulting in excessive growth, making the seedlings in this environment prone to leggy growth, with thin and weak stems and poor wind and lodging resistance. In addition, seedlings growing in a high-humidity environment for a long time may have difficulty adapting to the external environment after transplantation, ultimately resulting in a reduced transplantation survival rate. Therefore, although the atomization method can promote the growth of seedlings, there are also technical problems that have to be solved. After a large amount of research, the applicant obtained the solution of the present application, which can effectively reduce the possibility of the above problems occurring. Firstly, the present application uses a loose component to make the seedling substrate, which has good air permeability, ensuring that the roots obtain sufficient oxygen to promote respiration. The leaf mold soil is rich in humic acid and has good water and fertilizer retention properties, providing a suitable growth environment for the cuttings. In addition, Bacillus subtilis is added to the seedling substrate. They need to absorb nitrogen sources during their growth and reproduction to synthesize their own cell substances. They have a certain ecological niche overlap with plant roots in the soil and will compete for nitrogen sources in the soil. In this way, it is possible to avoid the problem that the plants absorb nitrogen fertilizers, resulting in leggy growth of the seedlings and thin and weak stems, which causes a low transplantation survival rate.

[0019] 3. In addition, the present application also proposes a solution to the problem that diseases and bacteria are likely to grow during the atomizing and cutting process. Specifically, the applicant found that soaking the cutting materials with the rooting agent described in the present application before cutting can effectively reduce the occurrence of diseases. Moreover, the seedlings after being soaked with the rooting agent have a high rooting rate, well-developed roots, effectively improving the seedling raising survival rate and the quality of the seedlings. Among them, indolebutyric acid and naphthaleneacetic acid, as plant growth regulators, can stimulate the cells at the base of the cuttings to form callus and differentiate adventitious roots. The seaweed extract is rich in various nutrients and bioactive substances required for plant growth, which can provide sufficient nutrients for the cuttings to take root and promote root growth. Vitamin B1 and salicylic acid can regulate the physiological metabolism process in plants, enhance the stress resistance of the cuttings, and further promote rooting. Chitosan oligosaccharide promotes cell division and differentiation of the cuttings. In addition, the chitosan oligosaccharide prepared by the method of the present application has a significant control effect on diseases, thus promoting the healthy growth of the seedlings. This may be because the chitosan oligosaccharide can inhibit the key enzyme activity of bacteria, interfere with its metabolic process, and at the same time can activate the immune system of plants and enhance their resistance to pathogenic bacteria. In short, the rooting agent of the present application first compounded and applied various components such as chitosan oligosaccharide, seaweed extract, vitamin B1 and salicylic acid to the passion fruit rooting agent. Through the synergistic effect between the components, multiple regulations on the rooting of passion fruit cuttings were achieved, and unexpected effects were obtained in promoting rooting and reducing the prevalence of seedlings. This technology has broad application prospects and is suitable for popularization and use in modern agriculture. Detailed implementation mode

[0020] The following examples can help those skilled in the art to more comprehensively understand the present invention, but in no way limit the present invention.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] This example provides a method for rapid seedling raising by atomizing and cutting passion fruit, and the method includes the following steps:

[0023] (1) Prepare the seedling raising substrate: Mix biochar, perlite, leaf mold, seaweed extract and microbial inoculant in a mass ratio of 8:7:5:1:0.1 to obtain the seedling raising substrate for standby; the microbial inoculant is Bacillus subtilis;

[0024] (2) Select cutting materials: Enter the three-needle sunshade net breeding greenhouse, select the passion fruit breeding mother plant materials, perform shading and dark treatment for 5 - 20 days to yellow, cut the materials into one leaf and one bud, with a flat cut at the upper end and a horseshoe-shaped cut at the lower end, then the cutting materials can be obtained for standby;

[0025] (3) Pretreatment before cutting: Soak the cutting materials in the rooting agent for 8 hours, and then insert the cutting materials into the seedling-raising substrate after taking them out; the rooting agent is composed of the following components: 5 g / L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 5 mg / L of indolebutyric acid, 3 mg / L of naphthaleneacetic acid, 3 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.5 g / L of vitamin B1, 0.1 g / L of salicylic acid, and the balance is water; the chitosan oligosaccharide is prepared by the following method: Extract chitosan from shrimp shells, then dissolve the chitosan in acetic acid to prepare a 1% chitosan solution, inoculate lactic acid bacteria into the chitosan solution, the inoculation amount is 1%, after fermentation treatment, centrifuge the fermentation broth and purify it through an ultrafiltration membrane, and then perform spray drying to obtain the chitosan oligosaccharide; the temperature of the fermentation is 32 °C, the pH value is 5.0, and when the pH value drops to below 4.0 during fermentation, the fermentation is completed;

[0026] (4) Mist spraying treatment: Turn on the mist spraying machine, and the spraying frequency of the mist spraying machine can be automatically adjusted according to the environmental humidity. Specifically, it includes: spraying for 8 seconds every 10 minutes in the initial stage after cutting, and spraying for 8 seconds every 30 minutes after rooting. Keep the temperature at 25 °C and the humidity at 80%, keep the cutting materials in a semi-moist state, keep the air in a mist spraying state, disperse light and keep moisture, and the cuttings can be transplanted after taking root and growing new leaves.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] This example provides a method for rapid seedling raising by mist spraying for passion fruit cuttings, and this method includes the following steps:

[0029] (1) Prepare the seedling-raising substrate: Mix biochar, perlite, leaf mold, seaweed extract and microbial inoculant in a mass ratio of 9:7:5:2:0.2 to obtain the seedling-raising substrate, and set it aside; the microbial inoculant is Bacillus subtilis;

[0030] (2) Select cutting materials: Enter the 3-needle sunshade net breeding greenhouse, select the passion fruit breeding mother plant materials, perform shading and dark treatment for 5-20 days to yellow, cut the materials into one leaf and one bud, with a flat cut at the upper end and a horseshoe-shaped cut at the lower end, and then the cutting materials can be obtained and set aside;

[0031] (3) Pretreatment before cutting: Soak the cutting materials in the rooting agent for 10 hours, then take them out and insert the cutting materials into the seedling-raising substrate; the rooting agent is composed of the following components: 3 g / L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 7 mg / L of indolebutyric acid, 6 mg / L of naphthylacetic acid, 2 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.7 g / L of vitamin B1, 0.2 g / L of salicylic acid, and the balance is water; the chitosan oligosaccharide is prepared by the following method: Extract chitosan from shrimp shells, then dissolve the chitosan in acetic acid to prepare a 1.5% chitosan solution, inoculate lactic acid bacteria into the chitosan solution with an inoculation amount of 1.5%, after fermentation treatment, centrifuge the fermentation broth and purify it through an ultrafiltration membrane, and then perform spray drying to obtain the chitosan oligosaccharide; the temperature of the fermentation is 33 °C, the pH value is 5.5, and when the pH value drops to below 4.0 during fermentation, the fermentation is completed;

[0032] (4) Mist spraying treatment: Turn on the mist spraying machine, and the spraying frequency of the mist spraying machine can be automatically adjusted according to the environmental humidity. Specifically, it includes: spraying for 10 seconds every 10 minutes in the initial stage after cutting, and spraying for 10 seconds every 30 minutes after rooting. Keep the temperature at 28 °C and the humidity at 85%. Keep the cutting materials in a semi-wet state, keep the air in a mist spraying state, disperse light and keep moisture. After the cuttings take root and grow new leaves, they can be transplanted.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] This example provides a method for rapid seedling raising by mist spraying of passion fruit cuttings, and this method includes the following steps:

[0035] (1) Prepare the seedling-raising substrate: Mix biochar, perlite, leaf mold, seaweed extract, and microbial inoculant in a mass ratio of 10:7:6:3:0.5 to obtain the seedling-raising substrate, and set it aside; the microbial inoculant is Bacillus subtilis;

[0036] (2) Select cutting materials: Enter the 3-needle sunshade net breeding greenhouse, select passion fruit breeding mother plant materials, perform shading and dark treatment for 5-20 days to yellow, cut the materials into one leaf and one bud, with a flat cut at the upper end and a horseshoe-shaped cut at the lower end, then the cutting materials can be obtained and set aside;

[0037] (3) Pre - treatment before cutting: Soak the cutting materials in the rooting agent for 12 hours, then take them out and insert the cutting materials into the seedling - raising substrate; The rooting agent is composed of the following components: 2 g / L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10 mg / L of indole - 3 - butyric acid, 3 mg / L of naphthaleneacetic acid, 3 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.5 g / L of vitamin B1, 0.3 g / L of salicylic acid, and the balance is water; The chitosan oligosaccharide is prepared by the following method: Extract chitosan from shrimp shells, then dissolve the chitosan in acetic acid to prepare a 2% chitosan solution, inoculate lactic acid bacteria into the chitosan solution with an inoculation amount of 2%, carry out fermentation treatment, centrifuge the fermentation broth and purify it through an ultrafiltration membrane, and then carry out spray drying to obtain the chitosan oligosaccharide; The temperature of the fermentation is 35 °C, the pH value is 6.0, and when the pH value drops to below 4.0 during fermentation, the fermentation is completed;

[0038] (4) Mist - spraying treatment: Turn on the mist - spraying machine. The spraying frequency of the mist - spraying machine can be automatically adjusted according to the environmental humidity. Specifically, in the initial stage after cutting, spray for 10 seconds every 10 minutes, and after rooting, spray for 10 seconds every 30 minutes. Keep the temperature at 30 °C and the humidity at 90%, keep the cutting materials in a semi - wet state, keep the air in a mist - spraying state to disperse light and maintain humidity. After the cuttings take root and grow new leaves, they can be transplanted.

[0039] Test example:

[0040] In order to illustrate the seedling - raising effect of passion fruit cutting with mist - spraying of this application, the applicant conducted a seedling - raising experiment. Select the passion fruit variety of yellow - fruit type. Mainly, cuttings of passion fruit are cultivated through different seedling - raising methods, and the cultivation effects of each group are compared. The grouping is as follows:

[0041] The first group: Cultivate in the way of Example 2 of this application;

[0042] The second group: Remove the leaf mold in the cutting substrate, and other methods are the same as those of the first group;

[0043] The third group: Remove the microbial inoculant in the cutting substrate, and other methods are the same as those of the first group;

[0044] The fourth group: Remove the chitosan oligosaccharide in the rooting agent, and other methods are the same as those of the first group;

[0045] The fifth group: Remove the mist - spraying treatment, and other methods are the same as those of the first group;

[0046] The sixth group: The chitosan oligosaccharide is the commercially available Hainongnong brand, and other methods are the same as those of the first group.

[0047] Compare the growth quality of passion fruit cuttings under the above different cultivation methods, including the survival rate, disease - prevalence rate of the cuttings, and the survival rate after transplantation. The transplantation is to transplant the cuttings obtained from the above groups to the orchard for cultivation, and after transplantation, carry out the same management, and also observe the transplantation survival rate of the seedlings in each group. The recorded data are shown in Table 1:

[0048] Table 1 Growth Quality of Passion Fruit Seedlings under Different Cultivation Methods

[0049] Survival rate of cuttings (%) Prevalence rate (%) Survival rate after transplanting (%) The first group 98％ 5％ 95％ The second group 88％ 6％ 92％ The third group 91％ 8％ 68％ The fourth group 90％ 35％ 82％ The fifth group 82％ 4％ 94％ The sixth group 94％ 12％ 90％

[0050] According to the results in Table 1, it can be seen that by using the cutting mist spraying seedling raising method of this application, the survival rate of cutting seedlings can be improved, the prevalence rate of seedlings is low, and the survival rate after transplantation is high, showing good application prospects; for the second group after removing the leaf mold soil, the survival rate is not ideal, probably because the leaf mold soil can supplement the nutrients required for the rooting of cutting seedlings and improve the survival rate. For the third group after removing the microbial inoculant, the survival rate after transplantation is low. The cutting seedlings in this group grow relatively fast, but have weak roots, and it is difficult for the seedlings to adapt to the field after transplantation, resulting in phenomena such as withering and death after transplantation. For the fourth group after removing the chitosan oligosaccharide, the prevalence rate is high, indicating that the chitosan oligosaccharide of this application can effectively prevent and control soil-borne pathogens and improve the disease resistance of cutting seedlings. For the sixth group after replacing with commercially available chitosan oligosaccharide, the effect is not as good as that of this application, indicating that the chitosan oligosaccharide prepared by the method of this application has outstanding beneficial effects. For the fifth group without mist spraying treatment, the emergence survival rate is low. The mist spraying of this application can maintain the water balance, promote rooting, and improve the survival rate of cutting seedlings. 3. This technology has broad application prospects and is suitable for popularization and use in modern agriculture.

[0051] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred and feasible embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not used to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit disclosed by the present invention shall fall within the scope of the patent covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid cuttage and mist - spraying seedling raising of passion fruit, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: (1) Prepare the seedling-raising substrate: Mix biochar, perlite, leaf mold, seaweed extract, and microbial inoculant in a mass ratio of 8 - 10:7:5 - 6:1 - 3:0.1 - 0.5 to obtain the seedling-raising substrate, and set it aside for later use; (2) Select cutting materials: Enter the breeding greenhouse with a 3-needle sunshade net, select the breeding mother plant materials of passion fruit, conduct a shading and dark treatment for 5 - 20 days to turn yellow, cut the materials into one leaf and one bud, with a flat cut at the upper end and a horseshoe-shaped cut at the lower end, then the cutting materials can be obtained and set aside for later use; (3) Pretreatment before cutting: Immerse the cutting materials in the rooting agent for 8 - 12 hours, then take them out and insert the cutting materials into the seedling-raising substrate; (4) Mist treatment: Turn on the mist machine, keep the temperature at 25 - 30 °C and the humidity at 80 - 90%, keep the air in a mist state to disperse light and moisturize. After the cuttings take root and grow new leaves, they can be transplanted.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The microbial inoculant in step (1) is Bacillus subtilis.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The rooting agent in step (3) is composed of the following components: 2 - 5 g / L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 5 - 10 mg / L of indolebutyric acid, 3 - 8 mg / L of naphthaleneacetic acid, 1 - 3 g / L of seaweed extract, 0.5 - 1 g / L of vitamin B1, 0.1 - 0.3 g / L of salicylic acid, and the balance is water.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The chitosan oligosaccharide is prepared by the following method: Extract chitosan from shrimp shells, then dissolve the chitosan in acetic acid to prepare a 1 - 2% chitosan solution, inoculate lactic acid bacteria into the chitosan solution with an inoculation amount of 1 - 2%, after fermentation treatment, centrifuge the fermentation broth and purify it through an ultrafiltration membrane, and then conduct spray drying to obtain the chitosan oligosaccharide.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein The temperature of the fermentation is 32 - 35 °C, the pH value is 5.0 - 6.0, and when the pH value drops to below 4.0 during fermentation, the fermentation is completed.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein The spraying frequency of the mist machine in step (4) can be automatically adjusted according to the environmental humidity, specifically including: spraying for 8 - 10 seconds every 10 minutes in the initial stage after cutting, and spraying for 8 - 10 seconds every 30 minutes after rooting.