Percutaneous kidney puncture lithotomy operation system

Abstract

The invention discloses a percutaneous renal puncture calculus removal surgical system, which can realize percutaneous renal puncture, disposable channel expansion and establishment of an in-vivo hard channel under visual operation through combined use of a mirror tube, a puncture needle, an expansion tube and an indwelling sheath, and is safe, reliable and rapid to operate. Meanwhile, through combined use of the endoscope tube, the working sheath tube, the indwelling sheath and the four-way connector, a working channel for an instrument or perfusate to pass through is formed between the endoscope tube and the working sheath tube, and a suction channel for waste liquid with broken stones to pass through is formed between the working sheath tube and the indwelling sheath; suction and cleaning of broken stones are achieved, and stone relapse is effectively prevented. In addition, due to the fact that the percutaneous kidney puncture lithotomy operation system has the perfusion function and the suction function, the effect that the pressure in the kidney is controllable can be achieved, the situation of filling in the kidney is controlled by adjusting the suction negative pressure through the negative pressure adjusting valve, the situation that the pressure in the kidney cavity is too large is avoided, and the operation safety is higher.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of medical devices, and particularly relates to a percutaneous nephrolithotomy system. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of medical technology and science, a new treatment method - minimally invasive treatment, a new treatment concept, has emerged in the medical field. The medical percutaneous nephrolithotomy system is mainly applied in surgical operations and routine medical examinations. Compared with traditional surgical operations, the functional minimally invasive surgical technology of the medical percutaneous nephrolithotomy system has been widely accepted by doctors and patients.

[0003] Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is an effective method for treating kidney stones, and its specific steps are as follows:

[0004] Anesthesia: The patient undergoes the operation under general anesthesia to ensure that the patient is painless and does not move during the operation.

[0005] Puncture: Under the guidance of ultrasound or X-ray, the doctor inserts a puncture needle from the skin into the target renal calyx.

[0006] Guide wire insertion: After successful puncture, a working guide wire is inserted through the puncture needle to provide a guiding basis for subsequent channel dilation. After the working guide wire is fixed, the puncture needle is withdrawn.

[0007] Channel dilation: The purpose of channel dilation is to provide sufficient space for subsequent lithotripsy and stone extraction operations. The channel can be dilated to 10 - 30F as needed. During dilation, an 8F metal catheter is first inserted into the renal pelvis along the working guide wire, and a series of tightly fitting metal dilators are sleeved onto the central metal catheter to sequentially dilate the percutaneous nephroscopic access.

[0008] Establishment of a rigid in-body channel: In the dilated channel, an indwelling sheath is placed. The placement of the indwelling sheath should ensure the accuracy of its position so that subsequent lithotripsy and stone extraction operations can be carried out smoothly.

[0009] Lithotripsy and stone extraction: Through the indwelling sheath, the doctor inserts a nephroscope into the kidney to directly observe the stones. Devices such as a holmium laser, an ultrasonic lithotripter, or a pneumatic ballistic lithotripter are used to break the stones into small pieces, and then the fragments are removed with a stone forceps or other instruments.

[0010] Postoperative treatment: After the stones are completely removed, the doctor will place a nephrostomy tube in the kidney to facilitate the drainage of urine after the operation. The patient needs to stay in the hospital for observation for a period of time, and the catheter is removed after the condition stabilizes.

[0011] However, this percutaneous nephrolithotomy usually has the following disadvantages and risks:

[0012] (1) Bleeding: Although the puncture needle can accurately reach the target renal calyx under ultrasound or X-ray guidance, this puncture method can only locate the target path but cannot accurately avoid the blood vessels, which may cause damage to the blood vessels in the kidney during puncture or subsequent channel dilation, especially larger vascular branches, leading to bleeding;

[0013] (2) Infection: Since the channel dilation process requires the use of a series of tightly fitting metal dilators from small to large, bacteria may be introduced into the body during the dilation process, or the risk of infection may be increased due to long operation time and tissue damage.

[0014] (3) Injury to peripheral organs: If the path is not properly selected or the operation is wrong during puncture and dilation, adjacent organs such as the pleura and colon may be damaged. Pleural damage may lead to pneumothorax or pleural effusion, and colon damage may cause intestinal obstruction. These need to be discovered and treated in a timely manner, otherwise serious complications may occur.

[0015] (4) Residual stones: Some stones cannot be completely removed in one operation due to their location or size, and may require a second operation or other treatments. However, the part that cannot be removed is prone to form new lesions, leading to recurrence of stones.

[0016] (5) Renal damage: During surgery, in order to prevent stones from being wrapped by human tissues and unable to be crushed, it is usually necessary to fill the renal pelvis with saline or other liquids to expose the stones to the field of vision. However, the infusion of saline will increase the pressure in the kidney. If the operation takes a long time, the excessive pressure will affect the kidney function. Summary of the invention

[0017] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a percutaneous renal puncture and lithotripsy surgical system, which can not only realize percutaneous renal puncture, one-time channel expansion and establishment of a hard channel into the body under visual operation, but also can perform drug perfusion, stone crushing, lithotripsy suction and cleaning and pressure control in the kidney under visual operation.

[0018] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0019] A percutaneous renal puncture stone removal surgery system, comprising:

[0020] A mirror tube, an electronic camera is sealed and installed at the front end of the mirror tube, a handle is connected to the rear end of the mirror tube, a handle joint is provided at the front end of the handle, a mirror tube channel connected to the mirror tube and a functional channel through which instruments or perfusion fluid can pass are provided inside the handle joint; a perfusion inlet communicating with the functional channel, an instrument inlet communicating with the functional channel, and a cable connection port for transmitting visual signals are further provided on the handle; the transmission line of the electronic camera is connected to the cable connection port through the mirror tube;

[0021] A puncture needle, a puncture needle channel into which the mirror tube can be inserted is provided inside the puncture needle, a puncture needle joint that can be screwed and fastened to the handle joint is provided at the rear end of the puncture needle, and a pointed port through which the electronic camera can extend is provided at the front end of the puncture needle;

[0022] A dilator, a dilator channel into which the puncture needle can be inserted is provided inside the dilator, the body of the dilator is a circular tube, a conical tube head with a gradually decreasing outer diameter is provided at the front end of the body of the dilator, the inner diameter of the channel of the conical tube head is matched with the outer diameter of the puncture needle, and the length of the dilator is less than the length of the puncture needle;

[0023] A retention sheath, the retention sheath is a transparent circular tube, the inner diameter of the retention sheath is matched with the outer diameter of the body of the dilator, and the front end of the retention sheath is aligned with the front end of the body of the dilator;

[0024] A working sheath tube, a sheath tube channel is provided inside the working sheath tube. When the mirror tube is inserted into the sheath tube channel, a working channel through which instruments or perfusion fluid can pass is formed between the mirror tube and the sheath tube channel. When the working sheath tube is inserted into the retention sheath, a suction channel is formed between the working sheath tube and the retention sheath; a sheath tube joint that can be screwed and fastened to the handle joint is provided at the rear end of the working sheath tube;

[0025] A four-way tube joint, the four-way tube joint is provided with a first axial joint head, a second axial joint head, a first radial joint head and a second radial joint head. The mirror tube can penetrate into the first axial joint head and penetrate out from the second axial joint head. A mechanical seal that can form a seal with the working sheath tube is provided inside the first axial joint head; the second axial joint head is in mating connection with the rear end of the retention sheath and communicates with the suction channel; the first radial joint head communicates with the first axial joint head, and a negative pressure regulating valve for controlling the negative pressure magnitude of the suction pipeline is provided on the first radial joint head; the second radial joint head communicates with the first axial joint head, and a sample collection bottle is connected to the second radial joint head;

[0026] A working host, the working host includes a negative pressure suction system and a perfusion system disposed inside the fuselage, and a perfusion port, a negative pressure port, and a normal saline input port disposed outside the fuselage; the perfusion port is connected to the perfusion inlet through a pipeline, and the negative pressure port is connected to the sample collection bottle; at least one waste liquid collection bucket is connected between the negative pressure port and the sample collection bottle through a pipeline;

[0027] An observation screen, the observation screen is connected to the cable connection port through a cable.

[0028] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a radially protruding first pin is provided outside the handle joint, a positioning column portion extends axially at the front end of the handle joint, and a positioning plane is provided on the outer periphery of the positioning column portion.

[0029] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the puncture needle joint includes a first connecting screw cap, a connecting column, a moving screw cap, and a telescopic sleeve,

[0030] The first connecting screw cap is rotatably sleeved on the outer periphery of the connecting column, and a first screwing groove for screwing and engaging with the first pin is provided on the peripheral wall of the first connecting screw cap;

[0031] The connecting column is a hollow structure, the connecting column axially extends out of the front end of the first connecting screw cap and a radially protruding limit pin is provided outside the extending portion of the connecting column; first axial limiting structures for preventing the first connecting screw cap from moving back and forth are respectively provided at the front and rear end faces of the first connecting screw cap on the connecting column; a first fitting hole cavity matching the shape of the positioning column portion is provided inside the connecting column; an axial insertion hole is provided at the front end of the peripheral wall of the connecting column;

[0032] The telescopic sleeve is slidably sleeved on the outside of the extending portion of the connecting column along the axial direction, an axial guide groove extending along the axial direction and slidably matching with the limit pin is provided on the telescopic sleeve; a hollow insertion tube extending along the axial direction and fittingly inserted with the axial insertion hole is provided inside the telescopic sleeve; a sealing ring is provided between the hollow insertion tube and the axial insertion hole; a connecting column portion fixedly connected to the puncture needle extends axially at the front end of the telescopic sleeve, the puncture needle axially penetrates through the connecting column portion and communicates with the hollow insertion tube, and a flared inlet is provided at one end of the inner hole of the hollow insertion tube close to the connecting column portion;

[0033] The moving screw cap is rotatably sleeved on the outer periphery of the telescopic sleeve, a guiding inclined hole slidably matching with the limit pin is provided on the peripheral wall of the moving screw cap, the guiding inclined hole and the axial guide groove are arranged in a staggered manner, and fastening holes capable of fastening with the limit pin are provided at both ends of the guiding inclined hole; end blocks for pushing the telescopic sleeve to move back and forth are respectively provided at the front and rear end faces of the moving screw cap on the telescopic sleeve.

[0034] As a preferred solution of the present invention, an expansion pipe joint is provided at the rear end of the expansion pipe, and a second matching hole cavity matching the shape of the connecting column portion is provided inside the expansion pipe joint.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rear end of the retention sheath is provided with a retention sheath connector, the rear end of the retention sheath connector has an annular rib extending axially, and the front end of the peripheral wall of the expansion tube connector is provided with a first annular groove that cooperates with the annular rib.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a radially protruding second pin is provided on the outside of the indwelling sheath joint, and a second connecting screw cap is rotatably sleeved on the second axial joint portion, and a second connecting screw cap has a peripheral wall provided with a second screwing groove screwed and engaged with the second pin; a second axial limiting structure is provided between the second axial joint portion and the second connecting screw cap to prevent the second connecting screw cap from moving forward and backward.

[0037] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a front end of the peripheral wall of the second axial joint portion is provided with a second annular groove which cooperates and plugs with the annular rib.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sheath tube joint is rotatably sleeved with a third connecting screw cap, and the peripheral wall of the third connecting screw cap is provided with a third screwing groove which is screwed and engaged with the first pin; the sheath tube joint is respectively provided with a third axial limiting structure on the front and rear end surfaces of the third connecting screw cap for preventing the third connecting screw cap from moving forward and backward.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer periphery of the puncture needle is provided with an ultrasonic reflective frosted surface and X-ray developing ink scale lines, the ultrasonic reflective frosted surface is arranged at the front end of the puncture needle, and the length of the ultrasonic reflective frosted surface is 0.5 cm; the X-ray developing ink scale lines are provided in plurality and are arranged equidistantly along the length direction of the puncture needle, and the distance between two adjacent X-ray developing ink scale lines is 1 cm.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the percutaneous renal puncture stone removal surgical system also includes an expansion cutter, which includes a handle and a blade. The handle is provided with a hand-held portion and a guide portion, and the bottom of the guide portion is provided with a linear guide groove axially penetrating the guide portion, and the linear guide groove is slidably matched with the puncture needle; the hand-held portion is tilted and tilted from the rear end of the guide portion toward a side away from the linear guide groove and gradually extends backward; the blade is embedded in the front end of the guide portion, the tip of the blade is an acute triangle, and the blade edge is sharpened on both sides.

[0041] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the portion where the guide portion is connected to the blade is flat, and its thickness and width gradually decrease from the back to the front.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width of the guiding part is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the indwelling sheath.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width of the blade is greater than the outer diameter of the indwelling sheath.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inlet end of the sample collection bottle is connected to the second radial joint, and the outlet end of the sample collection bottle is connected to the waste liquid collection barrel; a filtering assembly is provided inside the sample collection bottle, and the filtering assembly separates the inlet end and the outlet end of the sample collection bottle inside the bottle body, and the cavity of the filtering assembly facing the inlet end is the stone storage cavity.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the filtering assembly includes a cylindrical bracket and filter cotton. One end of the cylindrical bracket is open and docked and communicated with the inlet end. The side wall of the cylindrical bracket is provided with a plurality of hollow holes and covered by the filter cotton. The inner cavity of the cylindrical bracket forms the stone storage cavity.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the negative pressure regulating valve adopts a rotary valve structure.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a sealing plug for the passage of instruments is connected to the instrument inlet.

[0048] Implementing the percutaneous nephrolithotomy system provided by the present invention, compared with the prior art, its beneficial effects are as follows:

[0049] The percutaneous nephrolithotomy system of the embodiment of the present invention can realize percutaneous nephrostomy, one-time channel dilation and establishment of a hard channel in the body under visual operation through the combined use of a mirror tube, a puncture needle, a dilation tube and an indwelling sheath, and the operation is safe, reliable and fast; at the same time, through the combined use of a mirror tube, a working sheath tube, an indwelling sheath and a four-way joint, a working channel for the passage of instruments or perfusion fluid is formed between the mirror tube and the working sheath tube, and a suction channel for the passage of waste liquid with crushed stones is formed between the working sheath tube and the indwelling sheath. While crushing the stones in the body under visual operation, the suction and cleaning of the crushed stones are realized, effectively preventing the recurrence of stone conditions; in addition, since the percutaneous nephrolithotomy system has a perfusion function and a suction function, the pressure in the kidney can be controlled. The negative pressure of suction is adjusted by the negative pressure regulating valve to control the filling condition in the kidney, avoiding excessive pressure in the renal cavity and higher surgical safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0051] Figure 1It is the assembly drawing when the percutaneous nephrolithotomy operation is performed in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 It is the axial breaking diagram when the percutaneous nephrolithotomy operation is performed in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 It is in Figure 2 The partial enlarged view of area A in the shown structure;

[0054] Figure 4 It is the exploded view of the puncture needle adapter;

[0055] Figure 5 It is in Figure 2 The partial enlarged view of area B in the shown structure;

[0056] Figure 6 It is the assembly drawing when the perfusion, lithotripsy and stone removal operations are performed in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 7 It is the axial breaking diagram when the perfusion, lithotripsy and stone removal operations are performed in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 8 It is in Figure 7 The partial enlarged view of area D in the shown structure;

[0059] Figure 9 It is the schematic structural diagram when the perfusion, lithotripsy and stone removal operations are performed in the embodiment of the present invention and connected to the working host;

[0060] Figure 10 It is the schematic structural diagram of the dilating cutter;

[0061] Figure 11 It is the front view of the side where the dilating cutter is connected to the puncture needle;

[0062] Figure 12 It is in Figure 2 The partial enlarged view of area C in the shown structure, showing the state when the dilating cutter and the puncture needle are used in cooperation.

[0063] Markings in the figure:

[0064] Lens tube 1; Electronic camera 11; Handle 12; Handle adapter 121; Lens tube channel 122; Function channel 123; Perfusion inlet 124; Instrument inlet 125; Cable connection port 126; First pin 127; Positioning column part 128; Positioning plane 129;

[0065] Puncture needle 2; puncture needle channel 21; puncture needle adapter 22; tip port 23; first connection cap 221; connection post 222; moving cap 223; telescopic sleeve 224; first screwing groove 225; limit pin 226; first axial limit structure 227; first mating hole cavity 228; axial socket 229; axial guide groove 2210; hollow insertion tube 2211; sealing ring 2212; connection post part 2213; flared inlet 2214; guide inclined hole 2215; snap hole 2216; end stop 2217;

[0066] Dilating tube 3; dilating tube channel 31; conical tube head 32; dilating tube adapter 33; second mating hole cavity 331; first annular groove 332;

[0067] Indwelling sheath 4; aspiration channel 41; indwelling sheath adapter 42; annular rib 421; second pin 422;

[0068] Working sheath tube 5; sheath tube channel 51; sheath tube adapter 52; working channel 53; third connection cap 54; third axial limit structure 521; third screwing groove 541;

[0069] Four-way tube adapter 6; first axial connection part 61; second axial connection part 62; first radial connection part 63; second radial connection part 64; mechanical seal 65; negative pressure regulating valve 66; sample collection bottle 67; second connection cap 68; second axial limit structure 621; second annular groove 622; inlet end 671; outlet end 672; filter assembly 673; stone storage cavity 674; second screwing groove 681;

[0070] Working mainframe 7; perfusion port 71; negative pressure port 72; normal saline input port 73; waste liquid collection bucket 74; normal saline bag 75;

[0071] Observation screen 8;

[0072] Dilating cutter 9; cutter handle 91; blade 92; hand-held part 911; guiding part 912; linear guide groove 913. Detailed implementation mode

[0073] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, in which the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0074] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that for the orientation descriptions, such as the orientations or positional relationships indicated by up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., they are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0075] In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "several" is one or more, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more. Understandings such as "greater than", "less than", "exceeding", etc. do not include the recited number, and understandings such as "above", "below", "within", etc. include the recited number. If there is a description of "first" and "second", it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the sequence relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0076] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as "set", "install", "connect", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0077] Please refer to Figures 1 to 12 , and now the percutaneous nephrolithotomy system provided by the embodiment of the present invention will be described.

[0078] As Figures 1 to 12 shown, the percutaneous nephrolithotomy system of the embodiment of the present invention includes a mirror tube 1, a puncture needle 2, a dilator 3, an indwelling sheath 4, a working sheath tube 5, a four-way pipe joint 6, a working host 7, and an observation screen 8.

[0079] An electronic camera 11 is hermetically installed at the front end of the mirror tube 1. The rear end of the mirror tube 1 is connected to a handle 12. A handle joint 121 is provided at the front end of the handle 12. Inside the handle joint 121, there is a mirror tube channel 122 connected to the mirror tube 1 and a functional channel 123 through which instruments or perfusion fluid can pass. On the handle 12, there are also a perfusion inlet 124 communicating with the functional channel 123, an instrument inlet 125 communicating with the functional channel 123, and a cable connection port 126 for transmitting visual signals. The transmission line of the electronic camera 11 is connected to the cable connection port 126 through the mirror tube 1. In this embodiment, the functional channel 123 can be used as an instrument channel and a perfusion channel. The perfusion inlet 124 is used to externally connect the perfusion system of the working host 7. The instrument inlet 125 is used to externally connect a holmium laser optical fiber. The cable connection port 126 is used to externally connect an external observation screen 8. In addition, a lighting optical fiber is hermetically installed at the front end of the mirror tube 1. The lighting optical fiber passes through the mirror tube 1 and extends into the handle 12. An LED light source is provided inside the handle 12. The light emitted by the LED light source is conducted through the lighting optical fiber and emitted at the front end of the mirror tube 1.

[0080] A puncture needle channel 21 into which the mirror tube 1 can be inserted is provided inside the puncture needle 2. A puncture needle joint 22 that can be screwed and buckled with the handle joint 121 is provided at the rear end of the puncture needle 2. A pointed port 23 through which the electronic camera 11 can extend is provided at the front end of the puncture needle 2. In this embodiment, when the puncture needle 2 and the mirror tube 1 are used in combination, during the percutaneous nephrostomy operation, the vascular distribution of the punctured site can be observed through the observation screen 8, so as to flexibly adjust the puncture position, avoid blood vessels, and achieve a safe puncture operation.

[0081] A dilatation tube channel 31 into which the puncture needle 2 can be inserted is provided inside the dilatation tube 3. The body of the dilatation tube 3 is a circular tube. A conical tube head 32 with a gradually decreasing outer diameter is provided at the front end of the body of the dilatation tube 3. The inner diameter of the channel of the conical tube head 32 matches the outer diameter of the puncture needle 2. The length of the dilatation tube 3 is less than the length of the puncture needle 2. With such a design, during the percutaneous nephrostomy operation, the dilatation tube 3 can be sleeved on the puncture needle 2, which is convenient for the dilatation tube 3 to be inserted into the body together with the puncture needle 2, and a one-time channel dilation of the punctured site can be achieved under visual operation, thereby facilitating the subsequent insertion of the indwelling sheath 4.

[0082] The indwelling sheath 4 is a transparent circular tube. The inner diameter of the indwelling sheath 4 matches the outer diameter of the body of the dilatation tube 3 (i.e., the part except the conical tube head 32). The front end of the indwelling sheath 4 is aligned with the front end of the body of the dilatation tube 3. With such a design, during percutaneous nephrolithotomy, the indwelling sheath 4 and the dilatation tube 3 can be sleeved on the puncture needle 2 from the inside to the outside in sequence, facilitating the insertion of the indwelling sheath 4 and the dilatation tube 3 into the body together with the puncture needle 2. When the indwelling sheath 4 is inserted in place, the dilatation tube 3 and the endoscope tube 1 can be withdrawn, and the indwelling sheath 4 is left in the body to form a hard access channel into the body, thus establishing a channel for the lithotomy operation. It can also be understood that designing the indwelling sheath 4 as a transparent circular tube enables the renal parenchyma to be exposed to the field of view of the electronic camera 11, facilitating the observation of the thickness of the renal parenchyma, thereby evaluating whether to place a nephrostomy tube after the operation, which is helpful for postoperative treatment. If the thickness of the renal parenchyma meets the requirement for canceling the placement of the nephrostomy tube, postoperative pain can be reduced, the hospital stay can be shortened, the infection risk can be lowered, the medical cost can be reduced, and patient satisfaction can be improved.

[0083] A sheath tube channel 51 is provided inside the working sheath tube 5. A sheath tube joint 52 that is screwed and fastened to the handle joint 121 is provided at the rear end of the working sheath tube 5 to achieve the connection and fixation between the working sheath tube 5 and the endoscope tube 1. When the working sheath tube 5 and the endoscope tube 1 are used in combination, that is, when the endoscope tube 1 is inserted into the sheath tube channel 51, a working channel 53 for the passage of instruments or perfusion fluid is formed between the endoscope tube 1 and the sheath tube channel 51, so that the perfusion fluid injection operation and the instrument lithotripsy operation can be realized in a visual environment. When the combined working sheath tube 5 and endoscope tube 1 are inserted into the indwelling sheath 4, a suction channel 41 for the passage of waste liquid with crushed stones is formed between the working sheath tube 5 and the indwelling sheath 4 to achieve the operation of renal lithotripsy and waste liquid discharge.

[0084] The four-way pipe joint 6 is provided with a first axial joint part 61, a second axial joint part 62, a first radial joint part 63, and a second radial joint part 64. The endoscope tube 1 can pass through from the first axial joint part 61 and exit from the second axial joint part 62. A mechanical seal 65 capable of forming a seal with the working sheath tube 5 is provided inside the first axial joint part 61; the second axial joint part 62 is in mating connection with the rear end of the indwelling sheath 4 and is communicated with the suction channel 41; the first radial joint part 63 is communicated with the first axial joint part 61, and a negative pressure regulating valve 66 for controlling the magnitude of the negative pressure in the suction pipeline is provided on the first radial joint part 63; the second radial joint part 64 is communicated with the first axial joint part 61, and the second radial joint part 64 is used for discharging crushed stones and waste liquid outward and is connected with a sample collection bottle 67. In this embodiment, the mechanical seal 65 is preferably a rubber tube sleeve for preventing waste liquid from flowing out from the mating gap between the second axial joint part 62 and the endoscope tube 1; the negative pressure regulating valve 66 preferably adopts a rotary valve structure, which is more convenient to operate and can more accurately control the negative pressure in the suction channel 41.

[0085] The working host 7 includes a negative pressure suction system and a perfusion system disposed inside the fuselage, and a perfusion port 71, a negative pressure port 72, and a normal saline input port 73 disposed outside the fuselage; the perfusion port 71 is connected to the perfusion inlet 124 through a pipeline, and the negative pressure port 72 is connected to the sample collection bottle 67; at least one waste liquid collection bucket 74 is connected between the negative pressure port 72 and the sample collection bottle 67 through a pipeline. The normal saline input port 73 is used to connect to a normal saline bag 75. The normal saline in the normal saline bag 75 enters the working host 7 through the normal saline input port 73, and then under the pumping action of the perfusion system, it sequentially passes through the perfusion port 71, the perfusion inlet 124, and the functional channel 123 of the handle joint 121 and enters the working channel 53 formed between the lens tube 1 and the sheath tube channel 51, and is sent into the human body; the normal saline in the human body forms waste liquid after the operation, and the waste liquid flows into the waste liquid collection bucket 74 for storage through the suction channel 41, the four-way joint, and the sample collection bottle 67 under the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure suction system.

[0086] The observation screen 8 is connected to the cable connection port 126 through a cable, and is used to display the content captured by the electronic camera 11, so as to facilitate medical staff to observe and realize visual operation.

[0087] Hereinafter, the functions of the component modules of the present invention will be further explained through a percutaneous nephrolithotomy operation:

[0088] When performing a percutaneous nephrostomy operation, first, the indwelling sheath 4, the dilator 3, and the puncture needle 2 are sleeved on the lens tube 1 from the inside to the outside in sequence. The indwelling sheath 4, the dilator 3, and the puncture needle 2 are locked with each other through their respective joint designs. The puncture needle 2 is locked to the handle joint 121 of the lens tube 1 through its puncture needle joint 22; after the locking is completed, the puncture needle 2 is inserted from the outside of the body of the kidney under the guidance of ultrasound or X-ray, and sequentially passes through the skin, subcutaneous fat, lumbar fascia, quadratus lumborum / erector spinae muscle (partial path), perirenal fat capsule, renal fibrous membrane, and renal cortex to reach the renal pelvis. And during the puncture process, the image can be captured and observed through the electronic camera 11 to avoid the blood vessel position and accurately reach the stone position. After the puncture needle 2 punctures in place, use the dilating cutter to expand the tissue incision along the puncture direction of the puncture needle 2, so that the indwelling sheath 4 and the dilator 3 can be smoothly inserted into the renal pelvis; when the indwelling sheath 4 and the dilator 3 are inserted in place, the dilator 3 and the lens tube 1 are withdrawn, and the indwelling sheath 4 is left in the body to form a hard channel into the body, and the establishment of the stone removal operation channel is realized, and the percutaneous nephrostomy operation ends.

[0089] When performing perfusion, lithotripsy, and stone extraction operations, the working sheath 5 is sleeved on the mirror tube 1, and the working sheath 5 is locked to the handle joint 121 of the mirror tube 1 through its sheath joint 52; after locking, the four-way joint is locked to the rear end of the indwelling sheath 4; then, the perfusion inlet 124 of the handle 12 is connected to the perfusion port 71 of the working host 7 through a pipeline, and the holmium laser optical fiber is inserted into the instrument inlet 125 of the handle 12 until the holmium laser optical fiber extends out from the working channel 53; subsequently, the perfusion system is started to perfuse normal saline, and the normal saline flows out from the front end nozzle of the working sheath 5 through the function channel 123 and the working channel 53 in sequence. Then, the mirror tube 1 with the working sheath 5 locked is inserted into the four-way joint, that is, inserted through the first axial joint 61 and passed out from the second axial joint 62, and then enters the indwelling sheath 4 again. At this time, a suction channel 41 is formed between the indwelling sheath 4 and the working sheath 5, and the suction channel 41 is connected to the negative pressure port 72 of the working host 7 through the second radial joint 64 of the four-way joint, the sample collection bottle 67, and the waste liquid collection bucket 74 in sequence. After completing the above steps, after the internal space of the renal pelvis is filled with the perfused liquid, the stone is exposed to the field of view of the electronic camera 11. The negative pressure suction system can be started simultaneously to control the filling condition of the kidney and avoid excessive pressure in the renal cavity; the mirror tube 1 can easily reach the stone position under visual operation, the laser lithotripsy device is started, and the stone is shattered by the laser emitted by the holmium laser optical fiber. The shattered stones are sucked away through the suction channel 41 under the suction of the negative pressure suction system. After all the stones are shattered and cleared, all the components are withdrawn from the human body. Since the waste liquid carries the shattered stones out together, when passing through the sample collection bottle 67, the shattered stones are intercepted and stored in the sample collection bottle 67, and the waste liquid continues to flow into the waste liquid collection bucket 74. Finally, the shattered stones can be taken out from the sample collection bottle 67 for further sample pathological analysis.

[0090] Thus, for the percutaneous nephrolithotomy system according to the embodiment of the present invention, through the combined use of the mirror tube 1, the puncture needle 2, the dilator 3, and the indwelling sheath 4, it can achieve percutaneous nephrostomy, one-time channel dilation, and establishment of a rigid in-body channel under visual operation, with safe, reliable, and fast operation; at the same time, through the combined use of the mirror tube 1, the working sheath 5, the indwelling sheath 4, and the four-way joint, a working channel 53 for instruments or perfusion fluid to pass through is formed between the mirror tube 1 and the working sheath 5, and a suction channel 41 for waste liquid with shattered stones to pass through is formed between the working sheath 5 and the indwelling sheath 4. While shattering the stones in the body under visual operation, the suction and cleaning of the shattered stones are realized, effectively preventing the recurrence of stone conditions; in addition, since the percutaneous nephrolithotomy system has a perfusion function and a suction function, it can achieve controllable renal pressure, and the negative pressure size of the suction is adjusted through the negative pressure regulating valve 66 to control the filling condition of the kidney and avoid excessive pressure in the renal cavity, with higher surgical safety.

[0091] Exemplarily, a radially protruding first pin 127 is provided on the outside of the handle joint 121. A positioning post portion 128 extends axially at the front end of the handle joint 121, and a positioning plane 129 is provided on the outer periphery of the positioning post portion 128. The puncture needle joint 22 includes a first connecting cap 221, a connecting column 222, a moving cap 223, and a telescopic sleeve 224. The first connecting cap 221 is rotatably sleeved on the outer periphery of the connecting column 222, and a first screwing groove 225 for screwing and engaging with the first pin 127 is provided on the peripheral wall of the first connecting cap 221. The connecting column 222 is a hollow structure. The connecting column 222 axially extends out of the front end of the first connecting cap 221, and a radially protruding limit pin 226 is provided on the outside of the protruding portion of the connecting column 222. The connecting column 222 is respectively provided with first axial limiting structures 227 for preventing the first connecting cap 221 from moving forward and backward at the front and rear end faces of the first connecting cap 221. A first fitting hole cavity 228 matching the shape of the positioning post portion 128 is provided inside the connecting column 222. An axial insertion hole 229 is provided at the front end of the peripheral wall of the connecting column 222. The telescopic sleeve 224 is slidably sleeved on the outside of the protruding portion of the connecting column 222 along the axial direction. An axial guide groove 2210 extending along the axial direction and slidably matching with the limit pin 226 is provided on the telescopic sleeve 224. A hollow insertion tube 2211 extending along the axial direction and fittingly inserted with the axial insertion hole 229 is provided inside the telescopic sleeve 224. A sealing ring 2212 is provided between the hollow insertion tube 2211 and the axial insertion hole 229. A connecting column portion 2213 fixedly connected to the puncture needle 2 extends axially at the front end of the telescopic sleeve 224. The puncture needle 2 axially penetrates the connecting column portion 2213 and communicates with the hollow insertion tube 2211. A flared inlet 2214 is provided at one end of the inner hole of the hollow insertion tube 2211 close to the connecting column portion 2213. The moving cap 223 is rotatably sleeved on the outer periphery of the telescopic sleeve 224. A guiding inclined hole 2215 slidably matching with the limit pin 226 is provided on the peripheral wall of the moving cap 223. The guiding inclined hole 2215 and the axial guide groove 2210 are arranged in an alternating manner. Buckling holes 2216 capable of buckling with the limit pin 226 are provided at both ends of the guiding inclined hole 2215. End blocks 2217 for pushing the telescopic sleeve 224 to move forward and backward are respectively provided at the front and rear end faces of the moving cap 223 on the telescopic sleeve 224.

[0092] It can be understood that through the mechanical structure design of the above-mentioned handle joint 121 and puncture needle joint 22 in this embodiment, the efficient connection, precise positioning, adjustable puncture depth, and reliable sealing of the puncture instrument are realized. The specific technical effects are as follows:

[0093] (1) The quick screwing and locking of the handle 12 and the puncture needle adapter 22 can be achieved through the spiral snap connection structure (such as a bayonet design) of the first plug 127 and the first screwing groove 225. At the same time, the first axial limiting structure 227 prevents the first connecting nut 221 from moving back and forth relative to the connecting column 222, ensuring the connection stability.

[0094] (2) When the rotating nut 223 is rotated and moved, the telescopic sleeve 224 will not rotate circumferentially under the combined action of the limit pin 226 and the axial guide groove 2210. Instead, the limit pin 226 slides along the guiding inclined hole 2215, pushing the telescopic sleeve 224 to move axially, realizing the telescopic adjustment of the puncture needle 2. Especially after the puncture needle 2 punctures in place, the rotating nut 223 can be rotated and moved to make the puncture needle 2 retract relative to the lens tube 1, while the lens tube 1 remains in place, thus preventing the risk of secondary injury caused by the puncture needle 2 continuing to penetrate due to improper operation; the design of the buckle hole 2216 can lock the limit pin 226 at a preset position, ensuring the fixed puncture depth and avoiding accidental displacement during the operation.

[0095] (3) Through the matching design (such as a D-shaped column and hole) of the positioning column part 128 with a positioning plane 129 and the first mating hole cavity 228, the anti-misalignment guiding can be realized when the puncture needle adapter 22 is docked with the handle adapter 121. At the same time, the circumferential positioning during connection is further strengthened, avoiding the rotation of the connecting column 222, the telescopic sleeve 224 and the puncture needle 2 together due to torsion during the operation of the first connecting nut 221 and the moving nut 223, thereby cutting off the transmission path of the rotational torque to the lens tube 1, ensuring that the lens tube 1 and the puncture needle 2 always maintain the preset spatial relationship and avoiding the risk of bending and damage of the lens tube 1; at the same time, the operation of the moving nut 223 will not drive the entire puncture needle adapter 22 structure to rotate, ensuring the stability of the telescopic adjustment of the puncture needle 2.

[0096] (4) The design of the trumpet-shaped inlet 2214 can guide the lens tube 1 to be smoothly inserted into the puncture needle channel 21, reducing the collision during the insertion and assembly of the lens tube 1 and the puncture needle 2, and playing a protective role for the electronic camera 11.

[0097] (5) The sealing ring 2212 between the hollow insertion tube 2211 and the axial insertion hole 229 is designed to maintain the sealing performance when the telescopic sleeve 224 moves, preventing the leakage of body fluid or medicinal liquid and reducing the risk of infection.

[0098] Exemplarily, in order to facilitate the attachment of the dilator 3 to the puncture needle 2, a dilator adapter 33 is provided at the rear end of the dilator 3, and a second mating hole cavity 331 matching the shape of the connecting column part 2213 is provided inside the dilator adapter 33. In this embodiment, the outer shape of the connecting column part 2213 is a multi-faceted prism to prevent the dilator 3 from rotating circumferentially when attached to the puncture needle 2.

[0099] Exemplarily, for the convenience of locking the indwelling sheath 4 to the dilator tube 3, a rear end of the indwelling sheath 4 is provided with an indwelling sheath joint 42. A rear end of the indwelling sheath joint 42 has an annular rib 421 extending axially. A front end of a peripheral wall of the dilator tube joint 33 is provided with a first annular groove 332 that is adapted to be inserted and connected with the annular rib 421.

[0100] Exemplarily, for the convenience of locking the four-way joint to the indwelling sheath 4, an outer portion of the indwelling sheath joint 42 is provided with a radially protruding second pin 422. A second connection screw cap 68 is rotatably sleeved on the second axial joint head 62. A peripheral wall of the second connection screw cap 68 is provided with a second screwing groove 681 that is screwed and fastened with the second pin 422. A second axial limiting structure 621 for preventing the second connection screw cap 68 from moving forward and backward is provided between the second axial joint head 62 and the second connection screw cap 68. Further, a front end of a peripheral wall of the second axial joint head 62 is provided with a second annular groove 622 that is adapted to be inserted and connected with the annular rib 421.

[0101] Exemplarily, for the convenience of locking the working sheath tube 5 to the mirror tube 1, a third connection screw cap 54 is rotatably sleeved on the sheath tube joint 52. A peripheral wall of the third connection screw cap 54 is provided with a third screwing groove 541 that is screwed and fastened with the first pin 127. Third axial limiting structures 521 for preventing the third connection screw cap 54 from moving forward and backward are respectively provided at front and rear end faces of the sheath tube joint 52 where the third connection screw cap 54 is located.

[0102] Exemplarily, to ensure that the puncture needle 2 can perform a puncture operation under the guidance of ultrasound or X-ray, an outer periphery of the puncture needle 2 is provided with an ultrasonic reflection frosted surface and X-ray developing ink scale lines. The ultrasonic reflection frosted surface is provided at a front end of the puncture needle 2, and a length of the ultrasonic reflection frosted surface is 0.5 cm. A plurality of the X-ray developing ink scale lines are provided and are arranged at equal intervals along a length direction of the puncture needle 2, and a distance between two adjacent X-ray developing ink scale lines is 1 cm.

[0103] Exemplarily, the percutaneous renal puncture stone removal surgical system also includes an expansion cutter 9, which includes a handle 91 and a blade 92. The handle 91 is provided with a hand-held portion 911 and a guide portion 912. The bottom of the guide portion 912 is provided with a linear guide groove 913 axially penetrating the guide portion 912, and the linear guide groove 913 is slidably matched with the puncture needle 2; the hand-held portion 911 is tilted and tilted from the rear end of the guide portion 912 toward a side away from the linear guide groove 913 and gradually extends backward; the blade 92 is embedded in the front end of the guide portion 912, the tip of the blade 92 is an acute triangle, and the blade 92 is sharpened on both sides. When used in conjunction with the puncture needle 2, the linear guide groove 913 on the guide portion 912 enables the expansion cutter 9 to cut into the body along the puncture path of the puncture needle 2. This design enables the expansion cutter 9 to expand the channel more accurately during the operation, while reducing damage to surrounding tissues, improving the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotomy, reducing surgical complications, and providing patients with a better treatment experience.

[0104] For example, the portion where the guide portion 912 is connected to the blade 92 is flat, and its thickness and width gradually decrease from the back to the front. Such a design helps to provide better guidance and control during the expansion process.

[0105] Exemplarily, the width of the guide portion 912 is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the indwelling sheath 4, which ensures a good fit between the expansion cutter 9 and the indwelling sheath 4 and facilitates surgical operations.

[0106] Exemplarily, the width of the blade 92 is greater than the outer diameter of the indwelling sheath 4, which enables the blade 92 to obtain a larger incision when cutting into the human body to meet the insertion of the indwelling sheath 4 and improve the expansion efficiency.

[0107] Exemplarily, in order to facilitate the collection and inspection of gravel, the inlet end 671 of the sample collection bottle 67 is connected to the second radial joint part 64, and the outlet end 672 of the sample collection bottle 67 is connected to the waste liquid collection bucket 74; a filter assembly 673 is provided in the sample collection bottle 67, and the filter assembly 673 separates the inlet end 671 and the outlet end 672 of the sample collection bottle 67 inside the bottle body, and the cavity of the filter assembly 673 facing the inlet end 671 is a stone storage cavity 674. Specifically, the filter assembly 673 includes a cylindrical bracket and filter cotton, one end of the cylindrical bracket is open and connected to the inlet end, the side wall of the cylindrical bracket is provided with a plurality of hollow holes and covered by the filter cotton, and the inner cavity of the cylindrical bracket constitutes the stone storage cavity 674. Further, the filter assembly is a replaceable disposable item, and the collected gravel sample can be directly sent for inspection by simply taking out the filter assembly.

[0108] Exemplarily, the instrument inlet 125 is connected with a sealing plug through which an instrument (such as a holmium laser optical fiber) can pass, so as to prevent the perfusion fluid from flowing out of the instrument inlet 125.

[0109] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and substitutions can be made, and these improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgical system, characterized in that Comprising: A mirror tube, at the front end of which an electronic camera is hermetically installed. At the rear end of the mirror tube, a handle is connected. At the front end of the handle, there is a handle joint. Inside the handle joint, there is a mirror tube channel connected to the mirror tube and a functional channel through which instruments or perfusion fluid can pass. On the handle, there are also a perfusion inlet communicating with the functional channel, an instrument inlet communicating with the functional channel, and a cable connection port for transmitting visual signals. The transmission line of the electronic camera is connected to the cable connection port through the mirror tube; A puncture needle, inside which there is a puncture needle channel for inserting the mirror tube. At the rear end of the puncture needle, there is a puncture needle joint that can be screwed and buckled with the handle joint. At the front end of the puncture needle, there is a pointed port through which the electronic camera can extend; A dilator, inside which there is a dilator channel for inserting the puncture needle. The body of the dilator is a circular tube. At the front end of the body of the dilator, there is a conical tube head with a gradually decreasing outer diameter. The inner diameter of the channel of the conical tube head matches the outer diameter of the puncture needle. The length of the dilator is less than the length of the puncture needle; A retention sheath, which is a transparent circular tube. The inner diameter of the retention sheath matches the outer diameter of the body of the dilator. The front end of the retention sheath is aligned with the front end of the body of the dilator; A working sheath tube, inside which there is a sheath tube channel. When the mirror tube is inserted into the sheath tube channel, a working channel for instruments or perfusion fluid to pass through is formed between the mirror tube and the sheath tube channel. When the working sheath tube is inserted into the retention sheath, a suction channel is formed between the working sheath tube and the retention sheath. At the rear end of the working sheath tube, there is a sheath tube joint that can be screwed and buckled with the handle joint; A four-way tube joint, which has a first axial joint part, a second axial joint part, a first radial joint part, and a second radial joint part. The mirror tube can pass through from the first axial joint part and out from the second axial joint part. Inside the first axial joint part, there is a mechanical seal that can form a seal with the working sheath tube. The second axial joint part is cooperatively connected with the rear end of the retention sheath and communicates with the suction channel. The first radial joint part communicates with the first axial joint part, and the first radial joint part is provided with a negative pressure regulating valve for controlling the negative pressure magnitude of the suction pipeline. The second radial joint part communicates with the first axial joint part, and the second radial joint part is connected to a sample collection bottle; A working host, which includes a negative pressure suction system and a perfusion system arranged inside the fuselage, as well as a perfusion port, a negative pressure port, and a normal saline input port arranged outside the fuselage. The perfusion port is connected to the perfusion inlet through a pipeline. The negative pressure port is connected to the sample collection bottle. Between the negative pressure port and the sample collection bottle, there is at least one waste liquid collection bucket connected through a pipeline; An observation screen, which is connected to the cable connection port through a cable.

2. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy system according to claim 1, wherein Outside the handle joint, there is a radially protruding first pin. At the front end of the handle joint, there is an axially extending positioning column part, and the outer periphery of the positioning column part is provided with a positioning plane.

3. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The puncture needle connector includes a first connecting cap, a connecting column, a moving cap, and a telescopic sleeve; The first connecting cap is rotatably sleeved on the outer periphery of the connecting column, and a first engaging groove for screwing and engaging with the first pin is provided on the peripheral wall of the first connecting cap; The connecting column is a hollow structure, axially extends out of the front end of the first connecting cap, and a radially protruding limiting pin is provided outside the extending part of the connecting column; the connecting column is respectively provided with first axial limiting structures for preventing the first connecting cap from moving forward and backward at the front and rear end faces of the first connecting cap; a first fitting hole cavity matching the shape of the positioning column part is provided inside the connecting column; an axial insertion hole is provided at the front end of the peripheral wall of the connecting column; The telescopic sleeve is slidably sleeved on the outside of the extending part of the connecting column along the axial direction, and an axial guide groove extending along the axial direction and slidably matching with the limiting pin is provided on the telescopic sleeve; a hollow insertion tube extending along the axial direction and fittingly inserted with the axial insertion hole is provided inside the telescopic sleeve; a sealing ring is provided between the hollow insertion tube and the axial insertion hole; a connecting column part fixedly connected to the puncture needle extends along the axial direction at the front end of the telescopic sleeve, the puncture needle axially penetrates the connecting column part and communicates with the hollow insertion tube, and a flared inlet is provided at one end of the inner hole of the hollow insertion tube close to the connecting column part; The moving cap is rotatably sleeved on the outer periphery of the telescopic sleeve, a guiding inclined hole slidably matching with the limiting pin is provided on the peripheral wall of the moving cap, the guiding inclined hole and the axial guide groove are arranged staggeredly, and locking holes capable of engaging with the limiting pin are provided at both ends of the guiding inclined hole; end blocks for pushing the telescopic sleeve to move forward and backward are respectively provided at the front and rear end faces of the moving cap on the telescopic sleeve.

4. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgical system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rear end of the dilating tube is provided with a dilating tube connector, and a second fitting hole cavity matching the shape of the connecting column part is provided inside the dilating tube connector.

5. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgical system according to claim 4, wherein, The rear end of the indwelling sheath is provided with an indwelling sheath connector, and an annular rib extending along the axial direction is provided at the rear end of the indwelling sheath connector. A first annular groove fittingly inserted with the annular rib is provided at the front end of the peripheral wall of the dilating tube connector.

6. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy system according to claim 5, wherein A radially protruding second pin is provided outside the indwelling sheath connector, and a second connecting cap is rotatably sleeved on the second axial joint part. A second engaging groove for screwing and engaging with the second pin is provided on the peripheral wall of the second connecting cap; a second axial limiting structure for preventing the second connecting cap from moving forward and backward is provided between the second axial joint part and the second connecting cap.

7. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy system according to claim 6, wherein, A second annular groove fittingly inserted with the annular rib is provided at the front end of the peripheral wall of the second axial joint part.

8. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgical system according to claim 2, wherein A third connecting cap is rotatably sleeved on the sheath tube connector, and a third engaging groove for screwing and engaging with the first pin is provided on the peripheral wall of the third connecting cap; the sheath tube connector is respectively provided with third axial limiting structures for preventing the third connecting cap from moving forward and backward at the front and rear end faces of the third connecting cap.

9. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the puncture needle is provided with an ultrasonic reflective frosted surface and X-ray developing ink scale lines, the ultrasonic reflective frosted surface is provided at the front end of the puncture needle, and the length of the ultrasonic reflective frosted surface is 0.5 cm; the X-ray developing ink scale lines are provided in plurality and are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the puncture needle, and the distance between two adjacent X-ray developing ink scale lines is 1 cm.

10. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, It also includes an expansion cutter, which includes a handle and a blade. The handle is provided with a hand-held portion and a guide portion. The bottom of the guide portion is provided with a linear guide groove axially penetrating the guide portion, and the linear guide groove is slidably matched with the puncture needle; the hand-held portion tilts and tilts from the rear end of the guide portion toward a side away from the linear guide groove and gradually extends backward; the blade is embedded in the front end of the guide portion, the tip of the blade is an acute triangle, and the blade edge is sharpened on both sides.

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