Composite polar plate single battery and electric pile

Abstract

The composite polar plate single battery comprises a first composite polar plate, a first sealant, a membrane electrode, a second composite polar plate, a second sealant and a third sealant, the membrane electrode is arranged between the first composite polar plate and the second composite polar plate, and the membrane electrode respectively abuts against the first composite polar plate and the second composite polar plate; the first sealant is arranged between the first composite polar plate and the membrane electrode, the second sealant is arranged between the second composite polar plate and the membrane electrode, and the third sealant is arranged at the edge of one side surface, far away from the membrane electrode, of the second composite polar plate in a surrounding manner. The invention also provides an electric pile. The composite polar plate single battery disclosed by the invention is thin in thickness, small in size, wider in application range and scene, lower in whole-cycle use cost and capable of bringing higher economic benefits. And the volume of the electric pile prepared from the single battery is correspondingly reduced, so that the defects of the traditional polar plate electric pile can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and particularly relates to a composite plate single cell and a stack. Background Art

[0002] Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are efficient and clean energy conversion carriers, characterized by low emissions, high efficiency, and broad application potential. Currently, proton exchange membrane fuel cells face challenges such as cost and efficiency. However, with the development of technology, they may become an important part of sustainable energy in the future.

[0003] A proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is composed of multiple cell units connected in series. Its core components include plates, membrane electrodes, current collectors, and end plate assemblies, etc. Tight layer - to - layer fitting is achieved through fastening with bolts or steel bands. At the same time, voltage and temperature are monitored in real time through an integrated control system to optimize operation. The overall process emphasizes the coordination of material properties and structural design.

[0004] Currently, traditional fuel cell stacks are divided into graphite stacks and metal stacks according to the plate material (such as graphite, metal). The plates of graphite stacks are difficult to process and brittle. By increasing the thickness of the plates to improve their strength, the stack has a large volume and low power density. The plates of metal stacks have poor corrosion resistance and require complex surface coating processes. Performance degradation is likely to occur due to corrosion during long - term operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of the present invention provide a composite plate single cell and a stack, aiming to solve the problems of large brittleness, easy breakage, large volume of traditional graphite plate stacks, and poor corrosion resistance and low lifespan of metal plate stacks. The stack of this application has advantages such as long lifespan and small volume.

[0006] To solve the above - mentioned technical problems, on the one hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a composite plate single cell, including a first composite plate (i.e., a composite anode plate), a first sealant (i.e., an anode sealant), a membrane electrode, a second composite plate (i.e., a composite cathode plate), a second sealant (i.e., a cathode sealant), and a third sealant (i.e., a cooling channel sealant); the membrane electrode is disposed between the first composite plate and the second composite plate, and the membrane electrode is respectively in contact with the first composite plate and the second composite plate;

[0007] The first sealant is disposed between the first composite plate and the membrane electrode, the second sealant is disposed between the second composite plate and the membrane electrode, and the third sealant is disposed around the edge of the side of the second composite plate away from the membrane electrode.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the first sealant is disposed around the edge of the first composite electrode plate, and the first composite electrode plate and the membrane electrode are connected by the first sealant to form an independently provided first chamber (i.e., the anode chamber).

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the second sealant is disposed around the edge of the second composite electrode plate; the second composite electrode plate and the membrane electrode are connected by the second sealant to form an independently provided second chamber (i.e., the cathode chamber).

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, when multiple single cells of the composite electrode plates are stacked, between two adjacent single cells of the composite electrode plates, the second composite electrode plate of one single cell of the composite electrode plates is connected to the first composite electrode plate of another single cell of the composite electrode plates by the third sealant to form an independently provided third chamber (i.e., the cooling chamber).

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, both the first composite electrode plate and the second composite electrode plate are electrode plates prepared from carbon fiber, graphite, and resin. Using a carbon substrate similar to that of a graphite plate enables the composite electrode plate of the present application to have corrosion resistance comparable to that of a traditional graphite plate, achieving the purpose of extending the service life.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the first composite electrode plate is an electrode plate having a plurality of first flow channels; the depth of the first flow channels is 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm; the first flow channels are formed by molding. Forming the flow channels by a molding process enables the composite electrode plate of the present application to have a thin thickness characteristic similar to that of a traditional metal plate structure, and the volume of multiple stacked plates is also relatively small.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the second composite electrode plate is an electrode plate having a plurality of second flow channels; the depth of the second flow channels is 0.2 mm to 0.35 mm; the second flow channels are formed by molding. Forming the flow channels by a molding process enables the composite electrode plate of the present application to have a thin thickness characteristic similar to that of a traditional metal plate structure, and the volume of multiple stacked plates is also relatively small.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, each of the first flow channels and the second flow channels is one of a multi-snake-shaped flow channel, a parallel flow channel, or a wavy flow channel, preferably a multi-snake-shaped flow channel.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the single cell of the composite electrode plate < 1.2 mm. The single cell has a thin thickness and a small volume.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the first sealant, the second sealant, and the third sealant are all elastic sealants.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, the elastic sealant is a silicone sealant or a rubber sealant.

[0018] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present application further provides a stack, which is obtained by stacking a plurality of the composite plate single cells.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment, a plurality of the composite plate single cells are fixed by screw fastening.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The composite plate of the present application adopts a graphite carbon fiber structure. While retaining the characteristics of corrosion resistance and long life of the graphite plate, it can effectively reduce the thickness of the single cell, reduce the volume of the stack, making the full-cycle cost of the stack lower and the usage scenario more flexible. The composite plate single cell of the present application has a thin thickness and a small volume, has a wider range and more scenarios in the application process, and has a lower full-cycle usage cost, which can bring higher economic benefits. The volume of the fuel cell stack made of the single cell is also correspondingly reduced, which can effectively improve the disadvantages of the traditional plate stack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative efforts.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a composite plate single cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 For Figure 1 a stack formed by stacking composite plate single cells.

[0024] The realization, functional characteristics and advantages of the object of the present invention will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0025] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that those of ordinary skill in the art can implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0027] Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a composite plate single cell, including a first composite plate 10 (i.e., a composite anode plate), a first sealant 20 (i.e., an anode sealant), a membrane electrode 30, a second composite plate 40 (i.e., a composite cathode plate), a second sealant 50 (i.e., a cathode sealant), and a third sealant 60 (i.e., a cooling path sealant); the membrane electrode 30 is disposed between the first composite plate 10 and the second composite plate 40, and the membrane electrode 30 is respectively in contact with the first composite plate 10 and the second composite plate 40.

[0028] The first sealant 20 is disposed between the first composite plate 10 and the membrane electrode 30, the second sealant 50 is disposed between the second composite plate 40 and the membrane electrode 30, and the third sealant 60 is disposed around the edge of the side of the second composite plate 40 away from the membrane electrode 30.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment, the first sealant 20 is disposed around the edge of the first composite plate 10, and the first composite plate 10 and the membrane electrode 30 are connected through the first sealant 20 to form an independently disposed first chamber A (i.e., an anode chamber).

[0030] As a preferred embodiment, the second sealant 50 is disposed around the edge of the second composite plate 40; the second composite plate 40 and the membrane electrode 30 are connected through the second sealant 50 to form an independently disposed second chamber B (i.e., a cathode chamber).

[0031] As a preferred embodiment, when multiple composite plate single cells are stacked, between two adjacent composite plate single cells, the second composite plate 40 of one composite plate single cell is connected to the first composite plate 10 of another composite plate single cell through the third sealant 60 to form an independently disposed third chamber C (i.e., a cooling chamber).

[0032] As a preferred embodiment, both the first composite plate 10 and the second composite plate 40 are plates prepared from carbon fiber, graphite, and resin. Using a carbon substrate similar to a graphite plate makes the composite plate of the present application have corrosion resistance equivalent to that of a traditional graphite plate, and can achieve the purpose of extending the life.

[0033] The composite electrode plate of the present application adopts a graphite carbon fiber structure. While retaining the characteristics of corrosion resistance and long service life of the graphite plate, it can effectively reduce the thickness of a single cell, reduce the volume of the stack, making the full-cycle cost of the stack lower and the usage scenario more flexible. The composite electrode plate of the present application has a thin single cell thickness and a small volume, with a wider range and more scenarios in the application process, and a lower full-cycle usage cost, which can bring higher economic benefits.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment, the first composite electrode plate 10 is an electrode plate with a plurality of first flow channels 11; the depth of the first flow channel 11 is 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm; the first flow channel 11 is formed by molding. By molding the flow channel through a molding process, the composite electrode plate of the present application has a thin thickness characteristic similar to that of a traditional metal plate structure, and the volume of multiple sheets stacked is also relatively small.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, the second composite electrode plate 40 is an electrode plate with a plurality of second flow channels 41; the depth of the second flow channel 41 is 0.2 mm to 0.35 mm; the second flow channel 41 is formed by molding. By molding the flow channel through a molding process, the composite electrode plate of the present application has a thin thickness characteristic similar to that of a traditional metal plate structure, and the volume of multiple sheets stacked is also relatively small.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, each of the first flow channel 11 and the second flow channel 41 is one of a multi-snake-shaped flow channel, a parallel flow channel, or a wavy flow channel, preferably a multi-snake-shaped flow channel. It can be understood that in other embodiments, according to actual usage needs, the first flow channel 11 and the second flow channel 41 can also be parallel flow channels or wavy flow channels.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the single cell of the composite electrode plate < 1.2 mm. The single cell has a thin thickness and a small volume.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, the first sealant 20, the second sealant 50, and the third sealant 60 are all elastic sealants.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment, the elastic sealant is a silicone sealant or a rubber sealant. Specifically, in this embodiment, the elastic sealant is a silicone sealant. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the elastic sealant can also be a rubber sealant.

[0040] On the other hand, as Figure 2 shown, the embodiment of the present application also provides a stack, which is obtained by stacking a plurality of the composite electrode plate single cells 100.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, a plurality of the composite electrode plate single cells 100 are fixedly fastened by screws 200.

[0042] The volume of the fuel cell stack made from this single cell is also correspondingly reduced, which can effectively improve the disadvantages of traditional bipolar plate stacks, solve the problems of large brittleness, easy breakage, and large volume of traditional graphite stacks, solve the problems of poor corrosion resistance and low lifespan of metal stacks, and at the same time integrate the advantages of long lifespan of slate stacks and small volume of metal plate stacks. The structure of this application has good stability, is economically safe and practical, and can greatly improve the reliability of the stack without changing the fuel cell stack, well meeting the actual usage needs.

[0043] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite plate single cell, characterized in that, It includes a first composite plate electrode, a first sealant, a membrane electrode assembly, a second composite plate electrode, a second sealant, and a third sealant; the membrane electrode assembly is disposed between the first composite plate electrode and the second composite plate electrode, and the membrane electrode assembly is in contact with the first composite plate electrode and the second composite plate electrode respectively. The first sealant is disposed between the first composite plate electrode and the membrane electrode assembly, the second sealant is disposed between the second composite plate electrode and the membrane electrode assembly, and the third sealant is disposed around the edge of the side of the second composite plate electrode away from the membrane electrode assembly.

2. The composite plate single cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first sealant is disposed around the edge of the first composite plate electrode, and the first composite plate electrode and the membrane electrode assembly are connected through the first sealant to form an independently disposed first chamber.

3. The composite plate single cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second sealant is disposed around the edge of the second composite plate electrode; the second composite plate electrode and the membrane electrode assembly are connected through the second sealant to form an independently disposed second chamber.

4. The composite plate single cell according to claim 1, wherein When multiple single cells of the composite plate electrodes are stacked, between two adjacent single cells of the composite plate electrodes, the second composite plate electrode of one single cell of the composite plate electrodes is connected to the first composite plate electrode of another single cell of the composite plate electrodes through the third sealant to form an independently disposed third chamber.

5. The composite plate single cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first composite plate electrode and the second composite plate electrode are plate electrodes prepared from carbon fiber, graphite, and resin.

6. The composite electrode single cell according to claim 1, wherein The first composite plate electrode is a plate electrode having a plurality of first flow channels; the depth of the first flow channels is 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm; the first flow channels are formed by compression molding.

7. The composite plate single cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The second composite plate electrode is a plate electrode having a plurality of second flow channels; the depth of the second flow channels is 0.2 mm to 0.35 mm; the second flow channels are formed by compression molding.

8. The composite plate single cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first flow channels and the second flow channels are one of multi-snake-shaped flow channels, parallel flow channels, or wavy flow channels.

9. The composite plate single cell according to claim 1, wherein The thickness of the single cell of the composite plate electrode < 1.2 mm; The first sealant, the second sealant, and the third sealant are all elastic sealants; The elastic sealant is a silicone sealant or a rubber sealant.

10. A stack, characterized in that, The stack is obtained by stacking a plurality of single cells of the composite plate electrodes according to any one of claims 1 to 9; the plurality of single cells of the composite plate electrodes are fixed by screw fastening.

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