Total space vector vortex generator

Abstract

The invention discloses a total space vector vortex generator, which comprises a plurality of tetramer super units which have the same structure and are arranged in a periodic array at equal intervals, and each tetramer super unit comprises two first chiral metamaterial unit assemblies and two second chiral metamaterial unit assemblies which are respectively arranged along diagonal lines; the first chiral metamaterial unit assembly comprises a first patch antenna, a first dielectric layer, a metal backboard, a bonding medium, a second patch antenna and a second dielectric layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the structure of the second chiral metamaterial unit assembly is the same as that of the first chiral metamaterial unit assembly, and the in-plane rotation angle is different from that of the first chiral metamaterial unit assembly; by rotating the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna of the two chiral super units around the central point, phase distribution is independently designed in four different circular polarization transmission channels, and meanwhile, vortex beam topological charges generated in corresponding channels in transmission and reflection modes are controlled, so that the transmission bandwidth can be expanded, and the transmission efficiency is improved. And the reflection and transmission efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of microwave band electromagnetic wave regulation, and specifically to a full-space vector vortex generator. Background Art

[0002] Phase and polarization, as two important dimensions of electromagnetic waves, have generated a variety of interesting applications in the fields from microwave to optics, and at the same time have stimulated the research boom of exotic electromagnetics. Vortex beams originate from extraordinary wavefront characteristics and have strong application potential in providing information multiplexing, expanding channel capacity, and realizing diverse light-matter interactions. According to the phase and polarization distribution characteristics in the structure field, vortex beams are usually divided into scalar vortex beams with uniformity and vector vortex beams with non-uniformity. In contrast, the generalized vector vortex beams characterized by the high-order Poincaré sphere are usually generated by the coherent superposition of orthogonal spin angular momenta carrying two or more orbital angular momenta, showing spatially variable phase and polarization distributions, and having greater information capacity and flexibility. However, the traditional methods for generating spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum mainly focus on anisotropic crystals, diffraction elements, and spatial light modulators, etc., facing problems such as bulky volume, low efficiency, and cumbersome operation, which urgently need to be solved.

[0003] Metasurfaces, as a kind of two-dimensional metamaterials, are composed of sub-wavelength scatterer units arranged in an extended pattern on a two-dimensional plane, and have unparalleled degrees of freedom and flexibility in controlling electromagnetic characteristics such as the amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic waves. In particular, the introduction of geometric phase metasurfaces provides a dispersion-free phase engineering for the flexible regulation of circularly polarized waves, especially provides great flexibility for the conversion from spin angular momentum to orbital angular momentum, and further generates the required vector vortex beams by controlling their superposition. However, due to the limitation of conjugate symmetry characteristics, a set of orthogonally circularly polarized incident waves can only obtain opposite phase distributions, thus generating vector vortex beams with constant and uniform characteristics.

[0004] The introduction of composite phase metasurfaces further realizes the arbitrary independent conversion of spin angular momentum to orbital angular momentum under the incidence of orthogonally circularly polarized waves, and obtains spin-related vector vortex beams with different topological charge distributions through the superposition of the two. By adjusting the co-polarized reflection output and cross-polarized transmission output under the incidence of orthogonally circularly polarized waves in the reflection mode and arranging the unit sequence on the same metasurface aperture, the degree of freedom for the regulation of orbital angular momentum is correspondingly greatly improved. However, such metasurfaces usually have problems such as narrow transmission bandwidth and low efficiency, and most of them work in the terahertz and visible light bands, inevitably suffering from dilemmas such as cumbersome layout and strict processes. On the other hand, most of the above metasurfaces often require external excitation or are limited to modulation in the reflection or transmission space, resulting in waste of space resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide an all-space vector vortex generator to solve the problems that it is difficult to achieve broadband and efficient transmission response in the prior art, and it is difficult to simultaneously achieve the modulation of different vector vortex beams in the transmission and reflection spaces.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: An all-space vector vortex generator includes a plurality of tetramer supercells with the same structure. The tetramer supercells are arranged in an equidistant periodic array. Each tetramer supercell includes two first chiral metamaterial unit components and two second chiral metamaterial unit components. The two first chiral metamaterial unit components and the two second chiral metamaterial unit components are arranged along the diagonal respectively; the first chiral metamaterial unit component includes a first patch antenna, a first dielectric layer, a metal backplane, an adhesive dielectric, a second patch antenna and a second dielectric layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom. Both the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna include circular patches, and slots are provided on the surfaces of the circular patches. Metallized vias are connected through the first dielectric layer, the metal backplane and the second dielectric layer. The metal backplane and the adhesive dielectric are respectively connected to the central positions of the first patch antenna and the second patch antenna; the structure of the second chiral metamaterial unit component is the same as that of the first chiral metamaterial unit component, and the in-plane rotation angles of the first chiral metamaterial unit component and the second chiral metamaterial unit component are different.

[0007] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the slot includes a first vertical segment, a horizontal segment and a second vertical segment that are connected end to end in sequence to form an L shape, and the end of the first vertical segment penetrates the edge of the circular patch.

[0008] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the materials of the first patch antenna, the metal backplane, the second patch antenna and the metallized vias are all copper.

[0009] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the thicknesses of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are the same.

[0010] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the relative dielectric constants of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are 2.0 - 3.0, and the loss angle is 0.001 - 0.003.

[0011] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are F4B dielectric plates, and the relative dielectric constant of the F4B dielectric plate is 2.2, and the loss tangent is 0.001.

[0012] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the relative dielectric constant of the bonding medium is 3.0 - 4.0, and the tangent of the loss angle is 0.001 - 0.003.

[0013] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the bonding medium is a dielectric glue, and the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric glue is 3.52, and the tangent of the loss angle is 0.003.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. By adopting the center-fed chiral metamaterial unit component, the transmission bandwidth can be expanded, and the reflection and transmission efficiency can be greatly improved. At the same time, by changing the in-plane rotation angle of the top of the chiral metamaterial unit component or the second patch antenna, the phase can be flexibly regulated in the corresponding channel, and further, according to different incident polarization states, the decomposition and synthesis of orthogonal basis vectors can be carried out, and a vector vortex beam with different polarization distributions on the wavefront can be realized, which has certain research value in wireless communication and information detection, etc.

[0015] 2. By arranging two kinds of chiral metamaterial units in an interleaved manner to form a tetramer superunit, double orthogonal circular polarization phase decoupling in the whole space can be realized. In addition, the transmission phase regulation in the corresponding channel can be independently realized only by adjusting the rotation angle of the corresponding patch antenna, without additional complex phase operations, with strong stability and high degrees of freedom.

[0016] 3. Based on incident waves with different polarizations on the Poincaré sphere, the vortex beams generated in the whole space can make corresponding changes to obtain a complex and variable vector wavefront. At the same time, combined with the theory of decomposition and synthesis of electromagnetic fields, the corresponding polarization state detection and modulation can be realized, with convenient design, strong practicability, and can be mass-produced and customized. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure and function of a full-space vector vortex generator according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a front view of the planar layout of a tetramer superunit in a full-space vector vortex generator according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of a first chiral metamaterial unit component in a full-space vector vortex generator according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4Schematic diagram of the structural parameters of the chiral metamaterial unit component in a full-space vector vortex generator structure of the present invention, where: (a) is the top view of the chiral metamaterial unit receiver; (b) is the top view of the intermediate metal plate of the chiral metamaterial unit; (c) is the top view of the chiral metamaterial unit emitter; (d) is the vertical sectional view of the chiral metamaterial unit along the intermediate section plane.

[0021] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the amplitude and phase responses of the first chiral metamaterial unit component in a full-space vector vortex generator structure of the present invention under orthogonally circularly polarized incidence, where: (a) is the schematic diagram of the co-polarized and cross-polarized transmission amplitudes of the first chiral metamaterial unit component under orthogonally circularly polarized incidence; (b) is the cross-polarized transmission phase of the first chiral metamaterial unit component under right-handed circularly polarized incidence As the rotation angle changes; (c) is the cross-polarized transmission phase of the first chiral metamaterial unit component under right-handed circularly polarized incidence As the rotation angle changes; (d) is the schematic diagram of the co-polarized and cross-polarized reflection amplitudes of the first chiral metamaterial unit component under orthogonally circularly polarized incidence; (e) is the co-polarized transmission phase of the first chiral metamaterial unit component under left-handed circularly polarized incidence As the rotation angle changes; (f) is the co-polarized transmission phase of the first chiral metamaterial unit component under left-handed circularly polarized incidence As the rotation angle changes.

[0022] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the amplitude and phase responses of the second chiral metamaterial unit component in a full-space vector vortex generator structure of the present invention under orthogonally circularly polarized incidence, where: (a) is the schematic diagram of the co-polarized and cross-polarized transmission amplitudes of the second chiral metamaterial unit component under orthogonally circularly polarized incidence; (b) is the cross-polarized transmission phase of the second chiral metamaterial unit component under left-handed circularly polarized incidence As the rotation angle changes; (c) is the cross-polarized transmission phase of the second chiral metamaterial unit component under left-handed circularly polarized incidence As the rotation angle changes; (d) is the schematic diagram of the co-polarized and cross-polarized reflection amplitudes of the second chiral metamaterial unit component under orthogonally circularly polarized incidence; (e) is the co-polarized transmission phase of the second chiral metamaterial unit component under right-handed circularly polarized incidence As the rotation angle Schematic diagram of the change; (f) is the co-polarization transmission phase of the second chiral metamaterial unit component under right-handed circularly polarized incidence As the rotation angle B Schematic diagram of the change.

[0023] Figure 7 This is the design flow chart of a full-space vector vortex generator structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a full-space vector vortex generator structure of the present invention in x or y The polarization-normalized electric field intensity distribution obtained by simulation under polarized incidence and the phase distribution under orthogonal circularly polarized incidence. Among them: (a) is the polarization-normalized electric field intensity distribution in the reflection mode under x or x or y Polarized incidence; (b) is the phase distribution in the co-polarization reflection channel under orthogonal circularly polarized incidence; (c) is the polarization-normalized electric field intensity distribution in the transmission mode under x or x or y Polarized incidence; (d) is the phase distribution in the cross-polarization transmission channel under orthogonal circularly polarized incidence. x

[0025] Figure 9 This is the sample processing schematic diagram of a full-space vector vortex generator structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 x This is a full-space vector vortex generator structure of the present invention in y or x The polarization-normalized electric field intensity distribution obtained by testing under polarized incidence and the phase distribution under orthogonal circularly polarized incidence. Among them: (a) is the polarization-normalized electric field intensity distribution in the reflection mode under x or y or x Polarized incidence; (b) is the phase distribution in the co-polarization reflection channel under orthogonal circularly polarized incidence; (c) is the polarization-normalized electric field intensity distribution in the transmission mode under x or y or x Polarized incidence; (d) is the phase distribution in the cross-polarization transmission channel under orthogonal circularly polarized incidence. Detailed implementation mode

[0027] Figure 1 Figure 10 Below, in conjunction with the attached Figure 1 To the attached Figure 10, a detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention will be given. In the description of the invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. These are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

[0028] The terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features; in the description of the invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

[0029] Embodiment As Figures 1 to 4 shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a full-space vector vortex generator, characterized in that the full-space vector vortex generator 1 includes a plurality of tetramer super-units 10 with the same structural parameters, and the tetramer super-units 10 are arranged in an equally spaced periodic array; Please refer to Figures 2 to 3 , each tetramer super-unit 10 includes two first chiral metamaterial unit components and two second chiral metamaterial unit components. The two first chiral metamaterial unit components and the two second chiral metamaterial unit components are respectively arranged along the diagonal. The structure of the first chiral metamaterial unit component is the same as that of the second chiral metamaterial unit component, except that the in-plane rotation angle of the first chiral metamaterial unit component is different from that of the second chiral metamaterial unit component. For the convenience of description, the two first chiral metamaterial unit components are respectively denoted as 101 and 103, and the two second chiral metamaterial unit components are respectively denoted as 102 and 104.

[0030] Specifically, the first chiral metamaterial unit component 101 includes a first patch antenna 1011, a first dielectric layer 1012, a metal backplane 1013, an adhesive dielectric 1014, a second dielectric layer 1016, a second patch antenna 1015, and a metallized via 1018. The first patch antenna 1011 and the second patch antenna 1015 are both composed of a circular patch with a slot 1017 on the surface. The difference in the in-plane rotation angle lies in the different angles of the slot 1017. The metallized via 1018 penetrates through the first dielectric layer 1012, the second dielectric layer 1016, the metal backplane 1013, and the adhesive dielectric 1014, and is connected to the central positions of the first patch antenna 1011 and the second patch antenna 1015.

[0031] Further, the first patch antennas 1011 and 1015 of both the first chiral metamaterial unit components 101 and 103 and the second chiral metamaterial unit components 102 and 104 are symmetric with respect to yoz the plane of symmetry, which is used to achieve selective transmission when orthogonally circularly polarized waves are incident.

[0032] Among them, the shape of the slot 1017 is L-shaped, including a first vertical section, a horizontal section, and a second vertical section that are connected in sequence to form an L-shape, and the end of the first vertical section penetrates the edge of the circular patch Please refer to Figure 4 a-d. The corresponding optimized structural parameters in the chiral metamaterial unit component 101 are the thickness of the first dielectric layer h d1 = 2.5 mm, the thickness of the bonding dielectric h d2 = 0.1 mm, the thickness of the second dielectric layer h d3 = 2.5 mm, the radius of the opening of the metal backplane r r1 = 0.8 mm, the radius of the patch antenna r r2 = 4 mm, the radius of the metallized via r r3 = 0.5 mm, the upper side length of the "L"-shaped slot l x l = 3.2 mm, the right side length of the "L"-shaped slot l y w1 = 0.96 mm, the vertical slot width of the "L"-shaped slot w l1 = w w2 = 0.66 mm, the horizontal slot width of the "L"-shaped slot w w3 = 0.71 mm, the chamfer width of the "L"-shaped slot, θ1 = θ2 = 45°, the margin between the center of the patch antenna and the right side of the "L"-shaped slot w l2 = w w4 = 0.71 mm, the chamfer angle of the "L"-shaped slot, θ1 = θ2 = 45°, the margin between the center of the patch antenna and the upper side of the "L"-shaped slot s x l3 = 1.4 mm, the margin between the center of the patch antenna and the upper side of the "L"-shaped slot s y l4 = 1.6 mm.

[0033] Among them, the first patch antenna 1011 of the first chiral metamaterial unit component 101 is used to receive the incident right-handed circularly polarized wave, convert it into a guided wave through the metallized via 1018 and transmit it to the second patch antenna 1015, and efficiently radiate it into the transmission space in the form of a left-handed circularly polarized wave. At the same time, the incident left-handed circularly polarized wave is efficiently radiated into the reflection space in the form of a left-handed circularly polarized wave.

[0034] Among them, the first patch antenna 1021 of the second chiral metamaterial unit component 102 is used to receive the incident left-handed circularly polarized wave, convert it into a guided wave through the metallized via 1027 and transmit it to the second patch antenna 1015, and efficiently radiate it into the transmission space in the form of a right-handed circularly polarized wave. At the same time, the incident right-handed circularly polarized wave is efficiently radiated into the reflection space in the form of a right-handed circularly polarized wave.

[0035] Among them, the first chiral metamaterial unit component 101 adjusts the different in-plane rotation angles and distribution of the first patch antenna 1011 and the second patch antenna 1015 to respectively achieve the co-polarization reflection phase under left-handed circular polarization incidence and the cross-polarization transmission phase under right-handed circular polarization incidence , and further achieve an independently controllable full-space phase response under orthogonal circular polarization incidence.

[0036] Among them, the second chiral metamaterial unit component 102 adjusts the different in-plane rotation angles and distribution of the first patch antenna 1021 and the second patch antenna 1026 to respectively achieve the co-polarization reflection phase under right-handed circular polarization incidence and the cross-polarization transmission phase under left-handed circular polarization incidence , and further achieve an independently controllable full-space phase response under orthogonal circular polarization incidence.

[0037] Furthermore, the materials of the first patch antenna 1011, the metal backplane 1013, the second patch antenna 1015, and the metallized vias 1018 and the first patch antenna 1021, the metal backplane 1023, the second patch antenna 1026, and the metallized via 1027 are all copper, with a conductivity of 5.8×10 7 S / m and a thickness of 0.035 mm.

[0038] Furthermore, the first dielectric layer 1012, and the second dielectric layer 1016 and the first dielectric layer 1022, and the second dielectric layer 1025 all use F4B dielectric plates, and the relative dielectric constant of the F4B dielectric plate is 2.2, and the loss tangent is 0.001.

[0039] Furthermore, the adhesive dielectrics 1014 and 1024 both use Rogers RO4450F dielectric glue, and the relative dielectric constant of Rogers RO4450F is 3.52, and the loss tangent is 0.003.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 5a shows the co-polarization and cross-polarization transmission amplitude responses of the first chiral metamaterial unit component under orthogonal circular polarization incidence. It can be seen that within 8 - 16 GHz, the cross-polarization transmission amplitude of the chiral metamaterial unit component t LR is above 0.8 for all, reaches a maximum of 0.98 at 9.37 GHz, while the circular polarization components in other channels are suppressed to a lower level.

[0041] Please refer to Figure 5 b - c show the cross-polarization transmission phase of the first chiral metamaterial unit component under right-handed circular polarization incidence with the change of the rotation angle and It can be seen that at 11 GHz, the cross-polarization transmission phase of the first chiral metamaterial unit component with the change of the rotation angle and varies from 0 to 360, obtaining a complete phase coverage of 360 respectively, and is equal to the change of the rotation angle and

[0042] Please refer to Figure 5 d shows the co-polarization and cross-polarization reflection amplitude responses of the first chiral metamaterial unit component under orthogonal circular polarization incidence. It can be seen that within 8 - 16 GHz, the cross-polarization reflection amplitude of the chiral metamaterial unit component r LL is above 0.8 for all, reaches a maximum of 0.99 at 9.41 GHz, while the circular polarization components in other channels are suppressed to a lower level.

[0043] Please refer to Figure 5 e - f show the cross-polarization transmission phase of the first chiral metamaterial unit component under left-handed circular polarization incidence with the change of the rotation angle and It can be seen that at 11 GHz, the cross-polarization transmission phase of the chiral metamaterial unit component only varies with the rotation angle from 0 to 360, obtaining a complete phase coverage of -720, satisfying a two-fold relationship, and is independent of the change of the rotation angle

[0044] Please refer to Figure 6 a shows the co-polarization and cross-polarization transmission amplitude responses of the second chiral metamaterial unit component under orthogonal circular polarization incidence. It can be seen that within 8 - 16 GHz, the cross-polarization transmission amplitude of the second chiral metamaterial unit component t RL ​​All are above 0.8, reaching a maximum of 0.98 at 9.37 GHz, while the circular polarization components in other channels are suppressed to a lower level.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 6 b - c, which gives the cross - polarization transmission phase of the second chiral metamaterial unit assembly under left - hand circular polarization incidence. As the rotation angle and vary. It can be seen that at 11 GHz, the cross - polarization transmission phase of the second chiral metamaterial unit assembly varies with the rotation angle and from 0 to 360, respectively obtaining a complete phase coverage of - 360, and is equal to the variation of the rotation angle B and B .

[0046] Please refer to Figure 6 d, which gives the co - polarization and cross - polarization reflection amplitude responses of the second chiral metamaterial unit assembly under orthogonal circular polarization incidence. It can be seen that within 8 - 16 GHz, the cross - polarization reflection amplitude of the chiral metamaterial unit assembly r RR are all above 0.8, reaching a maximum of 0.99 at 9.41 GHz, while the circular polarization components in other channels are suppressed to a lower level.

[0047] Please refer to Figure 6 e - f, which gives the cross - polarization transmission phase of the second chiral metamaterial unit assembly under right - hand circular polarization incidence. As the rotation angle and vary. It can be seen that at 11 GHz, the cross - polarization transmission phase of the second chiral metamaterial unit assembly only varies with the rotation angle from 0 to 360, obtaining a complete phase coverage of 720, satisfying a two - fold relationship, and is independent of the variation of the rotation angle .

[0048] Thus, according to this, the relationship between the phase distribution and the rotation angle distribution of the orthogonal circular polarization incident on the first chiral metamaterial unit assembly and the second chiral metamaterial unit assembly can be calculated. The calculation formulas are respectively: , , , .

[0049] Please refer to Figure 7, the design flow chart of the full-space vector vortex generator is given. Based on Formulas 1-4, the vortex topological charge in the left-handed circularly polarized co-polarized reflection channel in the reflection space is set to n r = -2, the vortex topological charge in the right-handed circularly polarized co-polarized reflection channel is set to m r = 2, the vortex topological charge in the right-handed circularly polarized cross-polarized transmission channel in the transmission space is set to n t = -2, and the vortex topological charge in the left-handed circularly polarized cross-polarized transmission channel is set to m t = 2. Then, according to the following formula, the angular arrangement of the chiral metamaterial units at the top and bottom of the full-space vector vortex generator can be calculated for the vortex phase distribution

[0050] , .

[0051] In the formula, is the left-handed circularly polarized vortex phase with topological charge n , n is the topological charge of the vortex beam, is the right-handed circularly polarized wave with topological charge m , m is the topological charge of the vortex beam, and y / x represents the y linearly polarized wave or the x linearly polarized wave.

[0052] Thus, the distribution of the vector vortex beam in the full space can be calculated, and the calculation formula is: , Among them, the left-handed circularly polarized basis vector component , Among them, the right-handed circularly polarized basis vector component , In the formula, is the phase of the left-handed circularly polarized basis vector component, m is the phase of the right-handed circularly polarized basis vector component, and is the relative rotation angle, represents the prefix of the phase factor, L is the unit vector of the left-handed circularly polarized wave, R is the unit vector of the right-handed circularly polarized wave.

[0053] Please refer to Figure 8a shows the x - polarized normalized electric - field intensity distribution in the reflection mode obtained by simulation of the full - space vector vortex generator under x - or y - polarized incidence. It can be seen that the electric - field intensities under the two polarized incidences have symmetric characteristics, both containing four bright parts and four dark parts, with a relative rotation angle of 45° between them, which is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.

[0054] Please refer to Figure 8 b shows the phase distribution in the co - polarized reflection channel obtained by simulation of the full - space vector vortex generator under orthogonally circular - polarized incidence. It can be seen that the phase distributions in the co - polarized reflection channels under the two polarized incidences are symmetric about the y - axis and show a spiral shape.

[0055] Please refer to Figure 8 c shows the x - polarized normalized electric - field intensity distribution in the transmission mode obtained by simulation of the full - space vector vortex generator under x - or y - polarized incidence. It can be seen that the electric - field intensities under the two polarized incidences have symmetric characteristics, both containing four bright parts and four dark parts, with a relative rotation angle of 45° between them, which is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 8 d shows the phase distribution in the cross - polarized transmission channel obtained by simulation of the full - space vector vortex generator under orthogonally circular - polarized incidence. It can be seen that the phase distributions in the cross - polarized transmission channels under the two polarized incidences are symmetric about the y - axis and show a spiral shape.

[0057] Please refer to Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of the sample processing of the full - space vector vortex generator, whose top and bottom both contain two different patch antennas.

[0058] Please refer to Figure 10 a shows the x - polarized normalized electric - field intensity distribution in the reflection mode obtained by measurement of the full - space vector vortex generator under x - or y - polarized incidence. It can be seen that the electric - field intensities under the two polarized incidences have symmetric characteristics, both containing four bright parts and four dark parts, with a relative rotation angle of 45° between them, which is in good agreement with the numerical simulation.

[0059] Please refer to Figure 10 b shows the phase distribution in the co - polarized reflection channel obtained by measurement of the full - space vector vortex generator under orthogonally circular - polarized incidence. It can be seen that the phase distributions in the co - polarized reflection channels under the two polarized incidences are symmetric about the y - axis and show a spiral shape.

[0060] Please refer to Figure 10c shows the normalized electric field intensity distribution of the x polarization in the transmission mode obtained by testing the full-space vector vortex generator under x- or y-polarized incidence. It can be seen that the electric field intensities under the two polarized incidences have symmetric characteristics, both containing four bright parts and four dark parts, with a relative rotation angle of 45° between them, which is in good agreement with the simulation analysis.

[0061] Please refer to Figure 10 d shows the phase distribution in the cross-polarization transmission channel obtained by testing the full-space vector vortex generator under orthogonally circularly polarized incidence. It can be seen that the phase distribution in the cross-polarization transmission channel under the two polarized incidences is symmetric about the y-axis and shows a spiral shape.

[0062] The above discloses only several preferred specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-space vector vortex generator, characterized in that It includes multiple tetramer super-units (10) with the same structure, and the tetramer super-units (10) are arranged in an equidistant periodic array. Each tetramer super-unit (10) includes two first chiral metamaterial unit components and two second chiral metamaterial unit components, and the two first chiral metamaterial unit components and the two second chiral metamaterial unit components are arranged along the diagonal respectively; The first chiral metamaterial unit component includes a first patch antenna (1011), a first dielectric layer (1012), a metal backplane (1013), an adhesive dielectric (1014), a second patch antenna (1015) and a second dielectric layer (1016) which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. Both the first patch antenna (1011) and the second patch antenna (1015) are circular patches, and a slot (1017) is provided on the surface of the circular patch. A metallized via hole (1018) is connected through between the first dielectric layer (1012), the metal backplane (1013) and the second dielectric layer (1016). The metal backplane (1013) and the adhesive dielectric (1014) are respectively connected between the first patch antenna (1011) and the second patch antenna (1015); The structure of the second chiral metamaterial unit component is the same as that of the first chiral metamaterial unit component, and the rotation angle of the slot (1017) of the first chiral metamaterial unit component is different from the rotation angle of the slot (1017) of the second chiral metamaterial unit component.

2. The full-space vector vortex generator according to claim 1, wherein, The slot (1017) includes a first vertical section, a horizontal section and a second vertical section that are connected end to end in sequence to form an L shape, and the end of the first vertical section penetrates through the edge of the circular patch.

3. The full-space vector vortex generator according to claim 1, wherein The materials of the first patch antenna (1011), the metal backplane (1013), the second patch antenna (1015) and the metallized via hole (1018) are all copper.

4. The all-space vector vortex generator according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the first dielectric layer (1012) is the same as the thickness of the second dielectric layer (1016).

5. The full-space vector vortex generator according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The relative dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer (1012) and the second dielectric layer (1016) is 2.0 - 3.0, and the loss angle is 0.001 - 0.

003.

6. The full-space vector vortex generator according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first dielectric layer (1012) and the second dielectric layer (1016) are F4B dielectric plates, the relative dielectric constant of the F4B dielectric plate is 2.2, and the loss tangent is 0.

001.

7. The all-space vector vortex generator according to claim 6, wherein The relative dielectric constant of the adhesive dielectric (1014) is 3.0 - 4.0, and the loss tangent is 0.001 - 0.

003.

8. The full-space vector vortex generator according to claim 7, characterized in that, The adhesive dielectric (1014) is a dielectric glue, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric glue is 3.52, and the loss tangent is 0.003.

Images